Fibre-Optic Communications.pdf

Table of Contents ix
2.5.1. Introduction................................. 54
2.5.2. Raman scattering.............................. 55
2.5.3. Brillouin scattering............................. 56
2.5.4. Kerr effect.................................. 57
2.5.5. Consequences of the Kerr effect..................... 58
2.5.6. Soliton propagation. ............................ 59
2.5.6.1. Description................................ 59
2.5.6.2. Soliton equation............................. 59
2.5.6.3. Soliton transmission systems..................... 60
2.6. Microstructured (photonic) optical fibers.................. 61
2.6.1. Introduction................................. 61
2.6.2. Photonic bandgap.............................. 63
2.6.3. Photonic waveguides............................ 64
2.6.4. Photonic crystal fibers........................... 65
2.6.5. Hollow fibers................................ 66
Chapter 3. Fiber Optics Technology and Implementation ........... 69
3.1. Optical fiber materials and attenuation.................... 69
3.1.1. Different types of optical fibers ..................... 69
3.1.2. Intrinsic attenuation of silica fibers................... 69
3.1.3. Plastic fibers................................. 72
3.1.4. Other materials............................... 73
3.1.5. Transmission windows........................... 74
3.2. Manufacturing of optical fibers........................ 76
3.2.1. Principles................................... 76
3.2.2. Manufacturing of preforms by MCVD process............ 77
3.2.3. Preform manufacturing by external deposit .............. 78
3.2.4. Drawing ................................... 79
3.2.5. Mechanical resistance........................... 80
3.3. Optical fiber cables and connections..................... 81
3.3.1. Principle of optical fiber cables...................... 81
3.3.2. Different cable types............................ 81
3.3.2.1. Tight structure cables ......................... 81
3.3.2.2. Free structure cables.......................... 82
3.3.2.3. Compact structure cables....................... 83
3.3.2.4. Aerial cables............................... 83
3.3.2.5. Submarine cables............................ 83
3.3.3. Connection of optical fibers........................ 84
3.3.4. Optical connectors............................. 85
3.3.4.1. Description................................ 85
3.3.4.2. Anti-reflection connectors....................... 86
3.3.4.3. Different connector types....................... 87
3.4. Extrinsic fiber optic losses........................... 88