ROZPRAWY KOMISJI JĘZYKOWEJ XXXVII

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ANNA BURZYÑSKA-KAMIENIECKA Uniwersytet Wroc³awski „HANUCHNICZKA AND PIESINEK” – FUNCTIONS OF NAMES AND SURNAMES IN OLD BOOKS FOR TEACHING POLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE S u m m a r y The aim of this paper is to try to answer the question about functions of anthroponyms (names and surnames) in books for teaching Polish as foreign languages in past centuries. The author analyzes four books from XVII and XVIII centuries aimed at German-speaking students. It shows that authors of these books were conscious of an important role of anthroponyms in language practice. Examples of anthroponyms given by the authors show their primary identification and differentiation oriented functions. However, the analyzed material shows also secondary functions of anthroponyms – cognitive, social and emotional. For obvious reasons (the analyzed material comprises books for foreigners) all anthroponyms have also their additional didactic function. ANNA D¥BROWSKA Uniwersytet Wroc³awski WHAT MATERIALS DID CZECHS USE TO LEARN POLISH IN THE 19TH CENTURY? S u m m a r y The aim of the article is to present the material used by the Czechs to study Polish in the 19th century. First handbooks of Polish and Polish grammar were edited at the beginning of the 19th century. The restoration of the Czech language raised interest in other Slavonic languages, especially Polish as closely related to Czech. The article presents a brief description and analysis of several 19th century handbooks of Polish as a foreign language. The handbooks are: Mluvnice polského gazika… by Wac³aw Hanka (Prague, 1873), Podrêcznik rozmów czesko-polskich (1839) and Praktická mluvnice polská s èitankou (1901) by František Alois Hora, and Mluvnice polská (1865) by Alois Dominik Špachta. All the handbooks were written in accordance with the Grammar Translation Method, which was used at that time. The layout and level of the handbooks vary; the most interesting and student-friendly is Praktická mluvnice polská s èitankou by Hora. This book is well-organised and contains a lot of different exercises. There are also many historical elements in the grammar parts of this handbook. It was a common, however, not very useful practice. JAN KAMIENIECKI Uniwersytet Wroc³awski PROPER NOUNS IN THE WRÓBEL PSALTER (¯O£TARZ WRÓBLA) S u m m a r y From a philological point of view, the Psalter (¯o³tarz) of Walenty Wróbel is a very interesting and exceptional relic because it contains an extremely important commentary. First time in Polish biblical literature, the commentary as a whole has an allegorical nature. To understand the text as well as the commentary, one have to analyze proper nouns (ethnonyms, toponyms and antroponyms) which not only refer to designates in question but in some cases have also metaphorical extensions. This makes them a part of the allegorical interpretation of psalms presented in that text. PIOTR LEWIÑSKI Uniwersytet Wroc³awski METAPLASMS AND OTHERS S u m m a r y Metaplasm is a general term for figures based on a change in the orthography or phonology of a single word. In contrast to the changes done accidentally and treated as vices, metaplasms are considered conscious choices made by the speaker or writer in order to reveal double meaning, to display eloquence or brilliance. Because the grammar describes only regular and categorial phenomena in languages, for the sake of describing irregular and occasional processes it is worth taking into account usefulness of rhetoric terms. In this paper four basic kinds of metaplasms are discussed, including additions, omissions, inversions, and substitutions of the letters or syllables.
AGNIESZKA LIBURA Uniwersytet Wroc³awski ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODELING HUMAN CREATIVITY. MODELS FOR METAPHOR AND ANALOGY S u m m a r y The paper deals with the problem of computational modeling of human creativity. In the 1980’s, some doubts were raised not only about the significance of the ‘mind as a computer’ metaphor but also about how to represent human knowledge in a form usable by a computer program. The author discusses briefly the development of artificial intelligence (comparing symbolic models and connectionist models), and also selected psychological theories of creativity. It is argued, along the line developed in Pereira (2007), that models for metaphor and analogy are the best candidates for modeling creativity. The Sapper model developed for metaphor interpretation is discussed in some detail. Despite its many strengths some weaknesses are pointed out. It is suggested that implementation of cognitive blending theory provides the promising perspectives of modeling human creativity. PAULINA £AZAREWICZ Uniwersytet Wroc³awski THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENCLITIC SIÊ (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE FREQUENCY DICTIONARY) S u m m a r y The article is devoted to the description of the particle siê in terms of statistics, using the material of the Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary Polish (Kurcz, Lewicki, Sambor, Szafran, Woronczak (red.) 1990). The frequency dictionary is an important source of information on the incidence of words in Polish and the lexical properties of varieties of written Polish style. It is based on texts – with a total length of 500 000 words – written in Polish and published in Poland between 1963 and 1967. The following work discusses how the frequency of the particle siê is presented in the frequency dictionary, that is: on the main list (siê occurs there as the entry siê Prn, as the entry siebie Prn and as a particle in the titles of other entries, attached to the verbs, adjectival participles and verbal nouns), and then – on three ranked lists. We are analysing various functions of siê. As is apparent from the figures presented in the frequency dictionary, the particle siê is one of the most common words in written Polish language (1000 words accounts for about 19 occurrences of siê). We could say that in a half a million sample each 56th word co-occurs with siê – traditionally specified as the reflexive pronoun (and each 434th word co-occurs with one of the forms which siê takes in oblique cases). Siê has the highest frequency in artistic prose, slightly less in dramatic texts, even lower in popular science books and small-press release, the lowest – in journalistic texts. From a statistical point of view, siê belongs to grammar words with high repeatability. The position of siê at the forefront of ranked lists is associated with the multifunctionality of this particle. It can not be replaced with another lexeme. Siê confirms the statistical principle, that then a word has more features, the more it is used. JAN MIODEK Uniwersytet Wroc³awski ÜBER DIE SPRACHE DES ROMANS PI¥TA STRONA ŒWIATA (DIE FÜNFTE RICHTUNG DER WELT) VON KAZIMIERZ KUTZ Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g Der vorliegende Text analysiert vor allem in linguistischer Hinsicht das Buch Pi¹ta strona œwiata – ein literarisches Debüt des bekannten polnischen Regisseurs Kazimierz Kutz. Die Handlung des Werkes ist tief im Oberschlesischen verankert, sowohl topographisch, als auch sprachlich. Von allen von Kutz verwendeten rhetorischen Figuren sind ausdrucksstarke Vergleiche besonders charakteristisch und deswegen stehen sie im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Studie. Sie wurden nach dem thematischen Kriterium in folgende Gruppen geordnet: Oberschlesien und seine Geschichte, die Psyche des Erzählers und anderer im Buch vorhandenen Personen, ihr Verhalten, Aussehen sowie körperlich-physiologische Neigungen und Triebe. Die sind als typische Merkmale des literarischen Idiolekts von Kutz zu bezeichnen.
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ROZPRAWY KOMISJI JĘZYKOWEJ XXXVII

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