Cracking Passwords in Forensic Investigations - Scholarly ...

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ii Declaration I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the qualification of any other degree or diploma of a University or other institution of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the acknowledgements. ........................... Signature
iii Acknowledgements This thesis was completed at the Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies at AUT University in Auckland, New Zealand. While conducting research I received a lot of valuable support from many people in one way or another. Without all of this help and support, it would not have been possible for this thesis to exist in its current form. I would like to take this opportunity to deeply thank all of you for your kind support. I would like to apologise to those whose names were not mentioned here; however, I highly valued your support. Firstly, I would like to deeply thank my supervisor, Dr Brian Cusack. Dr Brian Cusack has helped in many uncountable ways. To begin with, I am thankful for his important decision to choose to supervise me. Dr Cusack also gave me a lot of advice and support in order for me to explore and choose the direction of research I was interested in pursuing. I thoroughly enjoyed his daily supervision and my discussion sessions with him have been very fruitful. I have gained a great deal of knowledge just from my discussion sessions with Dr Cusack. Not only has Dr Cusack provided me with very valuable guidance, but he has also been a very kind an encouraging motivator. Dr Cusack has helped me to shape the thesis and has also actively supported and motivated me in my endeavours to perform the best possible research. I would also like to thank my lecturer Mr Campbell McKenzie. Mr McKenzie has also helped me and provided me with the knowledge required in the field of digital forensic investigations. Mr McKenzie, being a digital forensic investigator himself, was able to give me a lot of valuable information and guidance with regards to best practices followed in the industry. The guidance provided by Mr McKenzie was not only priceless but it also helped me a great deal to perform this research study. Next, I would like to thank Mr David Lewis, director of Fulcrum Management. He was kind enough to provide our research labs with the necessary software. Mr David Lewis has helped both the AUT Digital forensic research laboratories and me by providing us with AccessData’s Distributed Network Attack software suite. I would also like to thank him and AccessData for the excellent product support. I would also like to deeply thank Prof Neil Binnie for his advice and guidance. Prof Neil Binnie also helped me in my research by providing me with valuable guidance. Prof Neil Binnie was kind enough to actively support me and give me valuable knowledge to perform my research analysis and discussions.
Page 1: Cracking Passwords in Forensic Inve
Page 5 and 6: v Abstract Digital Forensic Investi
Page 7 and 8: vii Table of Contents Declaration .
Page 9 and 10: ix Chapter 4 - Research Findings 4.
Page 11 and 12: xi List of Tables Table 2.1: The Mo
Page 13 and 14: xiii List of Abbreviations AMD Adva
Page 15 and 16: 1.1 PROBLEMS FOR DIGITAL FORENSIC I
Page 17 and 18: approach improves the password crac
Page 19 and 20: technologies, there exist challenge
Page 21 and 22: 2.1 PASSWORDS AND PASSWORD RECOVERY
Page 23 and 24: 2.1.2 Unix/Linux MD5 Password Schem
Page 25 and 26: encrypting the information within s
Page 27 and 28: iii) If possible, create a custom d
Page 29 and 30: Since all possible permutations and
Page 31 and 32: L0phtCrack 6 supports the retrieval
Page 33 and 34: i) Decryption attack: As discussed
Page 35 and 36: Full cost refers to the total amoun
Page 37 and 38: As shown in Table 2.3, a password w
Page 39 and 40: 5) Weir, Aggarwal, Medeiros, and Gl
Page 41 and 42: the speed of cracking and the attac
Page 43 and 44: is inevitable) but rather the optim
Page 45 and 46: Klein (1990) addressed the most com
Page 47 and 48: character hashing. Thus, for passwo
Page 49 and 50: experiments were conducted by gener
Page 51 and 52: obtained via phishing attacks on th
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Bengtsson (2007) outlined a literat
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applications whose passwords need t
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equired for computing and testing.
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3.2.3 The Research Questions and Hy
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main experiment, which is the next
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12,500 x 8 = 100,000 passwords/seco
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3.3.5 Data Map Figure 3.2: Research
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4.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 4 Research
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4.1.2 Time Budgeting The time budge
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Another computer with the same conf
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minutes, and 24.8 days respectively
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vishal@vishal-desktop:~$ sudo addus
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Table 4.4: Monitoring/action-perfor
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4.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA The experiment
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Table 4.6: First 10 accounts’ pas
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DD:HH:MM:SS format, similar to the
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4.4 PRESENTATION OF DATA FINDING Af
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Figure 4.8 shows the time taken for
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Figure 4.11 displays the comparison
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5.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 5 Research
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Thus, the simulation mirrored the f
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Table 5.1: Testing hypothesis H0 Hy
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Table 5.3: Testing hypothesis H2 Hy
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Q3: What are the guidelines for bes
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Since the passwords were arranged i
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Analysis (see Section 3.2.3). All f
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information for forensic investigat
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5.3.1.2 Second Step - Find Password
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Therefore, T (in seconds) = 12,500,
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6.0 RESEARCH SUMMARY Chapter 6 Conc
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udgets, the passwords were added to
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SECONDARY RESEARCH QUESTION 3: What
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overcome the security barriers of p
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Clayton, R., & Bond, M. (2003). Exp
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Openwall Project. (2010). John the
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APPENDIX 1: Time Budget Calculation
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51 Bas -2-38 TOTAL TIME REQUIRED FO
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96 Bas -2-27 97 Bas -2-28 98 Bas -2
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140 Adv -1-26 141 Bas -3-07 142 Adv
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182 Adv -1-21 183 Adv -1-22 Diction
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main12:$1$CSD0Tppt$0gO4c883evmn9sQR
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main41.txt: main41:$1$B43.jKTn$5EPi
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main70.txt: main70:$1$7kHK0PnH$yJ5x
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main99:$1$UQiTB..u$SJUkwarkM1kzvnvt
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main128.txt: main128:$1$n7OEbAyB$d6
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main157.txt: main157:$1$VRmaYxPu$Iy
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main186:$1$HFNaeUkb$t1lZ5QcrH9iy8G/
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SHA 1: a168282ad70a94fbb8d5917f3505
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C:\Main Test\MainTest-passwdFiles\B
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Job Started: 7/13/10 8:49:24 File M
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File Modified: 7/13/10 6:58:08 SHA
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File Version: Unknown Job Started:
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SHA 1: b95b12e95c70b66df01af148502e
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File Size: 60 File Version: Unknown
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Job Status: Finished on 7/13/10 8:5
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Identified Type: *nix passwd File S
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Password Type: Password Where Found
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Job Status: Finished on 7/13/10 10:
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MD5: df7c66c8b6b8528176d42314926021
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Result: trapezoidal@ Description: U
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Where Found: (ADV-1-20) Dictionary
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Password Type: Password Where Found
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Where Found: (BAS-3-04) Dictionary
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Commonly Registered Type: crypt use
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Where Found: --- C:\Main Test\MainT
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MD5: 17632fca93fa27bb8d0a89c80a2ba9
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Description: Unknown Password Type:
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File Version: Unknown Job Started:
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APPENDIX 4: Time Analysis for all B
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main60 main61 main62 main63 main64
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main127 main128 main129 main130 mai
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main192 main193 main194 main195 mai
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