Legends of Babylon and Egypt in Relation to Hebrew Tradition.pdf

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[Amêlu] 4. {'Ammenon} ENMENUNNA 5. {Megalaros, Megalanos}, /Amegalarus/ 6. {Daonos, Daos} ETANA 7. {Euedorakhos, Euedoreskhos}, /Edoranchus/ Enmeduranki 8. {'Amemphinos}, /Amemphsinus/ [Amêl-Sin] 9. {'Otiartes [? 'Opartes]} [Ubar-Tutu] 10. {Xisouthros, Sisouthros, Sisithros} Khasisatra, Atrakhasis[4] [1] For the royal names of Berossus, see /Euseb. chron. lib. pri./, ed. Schoene, cols. 7 f., 31 ff. The latinized variants correspond to forms in the Armenian translation of Eusebius. [2] For the principal discussions of equivalents, see Hommel, /Proc. Soc. Bibl. Arch./, Vol. XV (1893), pp. 243 ff., and /Die altorientalischen Denkmäler und das Alte Testament/ (1902), pp. 23 ff.; Zimmern, /Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament/, 3rd ed. (1902), pp. 531 ff.; and cf. Lenormant, /Les origines de l'histoire/, I (1880), pp. 214 ff. See also Driver, /Genesis/, 10th ed. (1916), p. 80 f.; Skinner, /Genesis/, p. 137 f.; Ball, /Genesis/, p. 50; and Gordon, /Early Traditions of Genesis/, pp. 46 ff. [3] There is a suggested equation of Lal-ur-alimma with {'Aloros}. [4] The hundred and twenty "sars", or 432,000 years assigned by Berossus for the duration of the Antediluvian dynasty, are distributed as follows among the ten kings; the numbers are given below first in "sars", followed by their equivalents in years within brackets: 1. Ten "sars" (36,000); 2. Three (10,800); 3. Thirteen (46,800); 4. Twelve (43,200); 5. Eighteen (64,800); 6. Ten (36,000); 7. Eighteen (64,800); 8. Ten (36,000); 9. Eight (28,800); 10. Eighteen (64,800). For comparison with Berossus it may be useful to abstract from the Sumerian Dynastic List the royal names occurring in the earliest extant dynasties. They are given below with variant forms from duplicate copies of the list, and against each is added the number of years its owner is recorded to have ruled. The figures giving the total duration of each dynasty, either in the summaries or under the separate reigns, are sometimes not completely preserved; in such cases an x is added to the total of the figures still legible. Except in those cases referred to in the foot-notes, all the names are written in the Sumerian lists without the determinative for "god". KINGDOM OF KISH (23 kings; 18,000 + x years, 3 months, 3 days) . . .[1] 8. [. . .] 900(?) years 9. Galumum, Kalumum 900 " 10. Zugagib, Zugakib 830 " 11. Arpi, Arpiu, Arbum 720 " 12. Etana[2] 635 (or 625) years 13. Pili . . .[3] 410 years 14. Enmenunna, Enmennunna[4] 611 " 15. Melamkish 900 " 16. Barsalnunna 1,200 " 17. Mesza[. . .] [. . .] " . . .[5] 22. . . . 900 years 23. . . . 625 " KINGDOM OF EANNA (ERECH)[6] (About 10-12 kings; 2,171 + x years) 1. Meskingasher 325 years 2. Enmerkar 420 " 3. Lugalbanda[7] 1,200 " 4. Dumuzi[8] (i.e. Tammuz) 100 " 5. Gishbilgames[9] (i.e. Gilgamesh) 126 (or 186) years 6. [. . .]lugal [. . .] years . . .[10] KINGDOM OF UR (4 kings; 171 years) 1. Mesannipada 80 years 2. Meskiagnunna 30 " 3. Elu[. . .] 25 " 4. Balu[. . .] 36 " KINGDOM OF AWAN (3 kings; 356 years) . . .[11] [1] Gap of seven, or possibly eight, names. [2] The name Etana is written in the lists with and without the determinative for "god". [3] The reading of the last sign in the name is unknown. A variant form of the name possibly begins with Bali. [4] This form is given on a fragment of a late Assyrian copy of the list; cf. /Studies in Eastern History/, Vol. III, p. 143. [5] Gap of four, or possibly three, names.
[6] Eanna was the great temple of Erech. In the Second Column of the list "the kingdom" is recorded to have passed from Kish to Eanna, but the latter name does not occur in the summary. [7] The name Lugalbanda is written in the lists with and without the determinative for "god". [8] The name Dumuzi is written in the list with the determinative for "god". [9] The name Gishbilgames is written in the list with the determinative for "god". [10] Gap of about four, five, or six kings. [11] Wanting. At this point a great gap occurs in our principal list. The names of some of the missing "kingdoms" may be inferred from the summaries, but their relative order is uncertain. Of two of them we know the duration, a second Kingdom of Ur containing four kings and lasting for a hundred and eight years, and another kingdom, the name of which is not preserved, consisting of only one king who ruled for seven years. The dynastic succession only again becomes assured with the opening of the Dynastic chronicle published by Père Scheil and recently acquired by the British Museum. It will be noted that with the Kingdom of Ur the separate reigns last for decades and not hundreds of years each, so that we here seem to approach genuine tradition, though the Kingdom of Awan makes a partial reversion to myth so far as its duration is concerned. The two suggested equations with Antediluvian kings of Berossus both occur in the earliest Kingdom of Kish and lie well within the Sumerian mythical period. The second of the rulers concerned, Enmenunna (Ammenon), is placed in Sumerian tradition several thousand years before the reputed succession of the gods Lugalbanda and Tammuz and of the national hero Gilgamesh to the throne of Erech. In the first lecture some remarkable points of general resemblance have already been pointed out between Hebrew and Sumerian traditions of these early ages of the world.
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BennieBlount.com THE BRITISH ACADEM
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L. W. KING. LECTURE I EGYPT, BABYLO
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Palestine ran then as they do to-da
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interesting, for it is clearly the
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founded a Jewish colony beside a fl
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material effects upon the native po
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[3] Ezek. i. 1, 3; iii. 23; and cf.
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[1] See Breasted, /Anc. Rec./, I, p
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example, which preceded that of Nî
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may yet be accepted in a modified f
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and Enmerkar's father was high prie
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I may add that a parallel is provid
Page 25 and 26: Now the tablets from the Royal Libr
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Page 29 and 30: explicable only on that hypothesis.
Page 31 and 32: from it might well be referred to b
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Page 37 and 38: It is an interesting fact that Zius
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Page 43 and 44: oth versions. We find an equally cl
Page 45 and 46: We will now return to the text and
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Page 49 and 50: Gilgamesh Epic and in Berossus, tho
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Page 61 and 62: [4] Cf. Tabl. VII, ll. 116 ff. [5]
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