Democratic Enlightenment

1064 Index
Van der Noot, Hendrik (1731–1827), Belgian
revolutionary leader 875, 877, 879–80
Manifeste du peuple brabançon (1789) 877
Van der Valck, Willem, governor of Dutch Ceylon
(1765–85) 555
Van Goens, Rijklof Michael van (1748–1810)
Dutch Counter-Enlightener 887
Van Imhoff, Baron Gustaaf Willem, governorgeneral
at Batavia (1743–50) 543, 545,
547, 550
Van Swieten, Gerard (1700–72), Dutch Catholic
reformer in Austria 284–5, 388, 844
Varela y Ulloa, Don Pedro (d. 1797), Spanish
enlightener 378, 490, 494–5
Vauvenarges, Luc de Clapiers, marquis de
(1715–47), radical philosophe 483
vegetarianism 594
Velbruck, François-Charles de, prince-bishop of
Liège (ruled: 1772–84) 433, 877
Venezuela 508, 512–13, 518, 521, 524
Venice and the Venetian Republic 209, 215, 229,
297, 459, 610
book censorship 351, 791–2, 861
clandestine publishing 350, 791, 802–3
clergy, statistics 353
Inquisition 355
lack of liberty 221, 861
oligarchic character 381, 861
Vergani, Paolo (1753–1820), Milanese jurist 347
Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de, French
foreign secretary (1774–87) 431, 440,
868, 871
Vernet, Jacob (1698–1789), Swiss Protestant
enlightener 66–7, 142–3
Verney, Luis António (1713–92), Portuguese
enlightener 513
Verri, Alessandro (1741–1816), Milanese
anti-philosophe 209–10, 337, 344–6,
791, 940
Verri, Pietro (1728–97), Milanese enlightener, 23,
210, 295–6, 337–8, 343, 347, 358, 361,
791, 940
Meditazioni sulla felicità (1763) 342–3
Versailles, court at, and the philosophes 64, 67–8,
70, 73, 80, 90, 112, 116, 157, 894
clandestine philosophical literature circulating
at, 116, 125, 650, 652, 779
in French Revolution (1789–91) 772, 915;
see also Louis XVI
march on (October 1789) 915–16
opposes Radical Enlightenment 651–2, 658,
662, 670, 674
‘virtue’, in the French Revolution 643, 914–15
Vico, Giambattista (168–1744), Neapolitan
philosopher 133, 248, 327, 345, 350,
368–9, 373
Vienna
bookshops 294, 850
center of high culture, music, opera 299–300
crafts 294
Deutsche Union 850, 852
economic expansion 9, 285
Illuminati 300–1, 733, 831, 840, 844
intellectual repression 283–6, 289–90, 294,
721, 727, 733, 942
Jews 293
lack of Imperial Academy of Sciences 283, 285
prostitutes 292
religious toleration 285, 294
Theatre 195, 299, 747
Theresianum 284
university 284–6
Villalta, Manuel, Peruvian radical 4
Virginia, churches 460, 465, 468, 477, 905
Virginia, state constitution 475, 905
hierarchical society 428, 458, 463, 475
Revolution in 460, 905
William and Mary College 457, 466
Volland, Louise Henriette ‘Sophie’ (1716–84),
Diderot’s mistress 117, 561
Volney, Constantin François Chassebœuf, comte
de (1757–1820), radical philosophe 15,
26, 416, 422, 455, 474, 583, 644–5, 669,
912, 948
anti-aristocratic views 767–9, 772, 811, 873,
900–1, 942
in Asemblée Nationale 768, 771, 816, 873, 915,
931, 933
in Brittany 767–9
virtu publique 643, 813
volonté générale 76, 93, 106, 361, 644, 746; in
Diderot 94, 624, 636–40, 644, 766, 814,
878, 906–7, 912–13, 917–18, 924–5, 948
d’Holbach, see d’Holbach
Rousseau, see Rousseau
Sieyès 746, 814
Volta, Alessandro (1745–1827) Milanese
physicist 358–60
Voltaire, François-Marie-Arouet de
(1694–1778) 7, 9, 11–12, 15, 17, 21, 27,
31, 33, 210, 351
anglicisme 68–9, 113, 591
anti-Semitism 69
and Bayle 122, 136, 558, 663
Calas affair (1762) 112
and Catherine the Great, see Catherine
Ferney, ‘chateau’ and ‘patriarchate’ 115, 650,
866–7
China and the Chinese 35, 69, 112, 121, 123,
154, 558, 560, 562–3, 568, 571
and Choiseul 88–91, 111, 116–17, 121, 125–6,
Creation 123–4, 154–5, 662, 664–5, 667