FAA-UAS-Conops-Version-2-0-1

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4.4 UAS Certification and Operational Approval This section describes the processes and products for UAS certification and operational approval of UAS. It also discusses accommodation alternatives for non-compliant UAS. 4.4.1 Process and Products A single basic tenet provides the basis of UAS certification and flight authorization: a UAS is an aircraft. UAS share many of the same design considerations as manned aircraft – airworthiness, dynamic performance, and hardware and software safety systems. Other aspects are unique, including defining the boundary of the UAS cockpit (in the control station) and the provisions for third-party data communications for the control link. In addition, the operational approval of the UAS addresses unique attributes such as launch and recovery and Sense and Avoid capabilities in the context of ATC separation responsibilities. Approving civil UAS to operate in the NAS is a two-step process, as illustrated in Figure 6. The steps generally occur in a chronological order and each one is technically separate from the other. The FAA grants airworthiness based on certification requirements appropriate to the UAS. Certification requirements are derived from standards, which may be developed in collaboration with industry. Operational approval of the UAS is granted consistent with published operating rules. The Air Traffic Organization is provided information necessary to develop procedures, operational standards, and other guidance materials, indicating the UAS is qualified for the airspace in which it intends to operate. The processes and regulatory products that apply to a UAS operator depend upon whether the applicant is operating the aircraft for civil or public use. Title 49 CFR establishes the authority of the FAA, while the authority for public users is defined under Title 10 CFR. Government-owned aircraft that operate for commercial purposes or engage in the transport of passengers are subject to the regulations applicable to civil aircraft. Similar to the manned aircraft paradigm, public UAS operators will need to operate under FAA regulations in order to be integrated into the NAS. 20
4.4.1.1 Aircraft Certification Figure 6. Civil UAS authorization process The FAA’s Aircraft Certification Service issues a type certificate after finding that an applicant has shown that the UAS satisfies the relevant airworthiness requirements. Title 14 CFR describes the certification standards that govern the design, construction, manufacturing, and airworthiness of aircraft used in private and commercial operations. The Aircraft Certification Service also publishes Technical Standard Orders (TSO) that define equipment standards, and Advisory Circulars (AC) that provide guidance on complying with airworthiness regulations. 4.4.1.2 Operational Approval The FAA’s Flight Standards Service grants operational approval for UAS to fly in the NAS. This organization ensures UAS operators provide information on flight crew qualifications, training, and flight operations, and that UAS can comply with all general operating regulations and other regulations applicable to their planned operations. This also includes overseeing UAS compliance with applicable airspace requirements. The objective for compliance with these regulations and requirements is to ensure UAS can safely operate in the NAS with all other users in a manner that is consistent with ATC expectations. 21
Page 1: Integration of Unmanned Aircraft Sy
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..
Page 6 and 7: List of Figures Figure 1. UAS opera
Page 8 and 9: List of Tables Table 1. Strategic T
Page 10 and 11: Figure 1. UAS operational concept w
Page 12 and 13: Figure 2. Airspace classes within t
Page 14 and 15: Using the control link, the PIC tra
Page 16 and 17: The flight crew communicates with A
Page 18 and 19: Rules and procedures do not cover a
Page 20 and 21: 3.1.5 UAS Communications Link The v
Page 22 and 23: Public UAS operators benefit across
Page 24 and 25: Sense and Avoid (UAS Responsibiliti
Page 26 and 27: 10. FAA policy, guidelines, and aut
Page 30 and 31: Existing operational standards for
Page 32 and 33: “Well clear” as described in 14
Page 34 and 35: 4.6 NAS Operating Environment The N
Page 36 and 37: Information on Special Activity Air
Page 38 and 39: Traffic management automation assis
Page 40 and 41: 4.7.1.2 Flight Planning With integr
Page 42 and 43: This information is captured to the
Page 44 and 45: � UAS flights are integrated into
Page 46 and 47: 4.7.3 Class A ATC is responsible fo
Page 48 and 49: 4.7.4 Class B UAS that meet the air
Page 50 and 51: 4.7.5 Class C and D Manned aircraft
Page 52 and 53: Table 6. Class E Operations Improve
Page 54 and 55: Examples of Class E arrival operati
Page 56 and 57: Thus, the requirement for the UAS f
Page 58 and 59: Table 9. Oceanic Operations Improve
Page 60 and 61: If the PIC cannot establish alterna
Page 62 and 63: 4.9.5 ANSP Training ATC and TFM per
Page 64 and 65: Table 10. Summary of Scenarios Scen
Page 66 and 67: Figure 9. Proposed flight plan prof
Page 68 and 69: 5.2 Surface Operations 5.2.1 Overvi
Page 70 and 71: The PIC contacts ATC ground for a t
Page 72 and 73: 5.3.2 UAS Description The UA is a t
Page 74 and 75: After an hour of loitering, the PIC
Page 76 and 77: 5.4 Vertical Transit (and Operation
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Once the intent is filed, ATM autom
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5.5 Grid Pattern 5.5.1 Overview Thi
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5.5.3 Scenario Description The FOC
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5.6 Point-To-Point 5.6.1 Overview T
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5.6.3 Scenario Description Prior to
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The VFR pilot, when asked about his
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5.7.2 UAS Description The UA is a m
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As the UA begins its climb, the slo
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5.8.2 UAS Description The UA is a s
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The PIC is able to depict the UA cu
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5.9.2 UAS Description The UAS is a
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6 Summary of Impacts This section c
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Key Performance Area FAA NAS Users
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Table 19. Impact of UAS Integration
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Concept Document Description Potent
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Concept Document Description Potent
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Henriksen, S. J. Estimation of Futu
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4 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Ter
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Terminology Definition Collision Av
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Terminology Definition Point-to-poi
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5 Appendix B: Acronym List 4D Four
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UAS Related Acronyms TMI Traffic Ma
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