A Summary of Role and Reference Grammar

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Some language have a ‘pre-core slot’ [PrCS], which is the position of WH-words in languages like English and Icelandic, and a ‘left-detached position’, [LDP], which is the position of the pre-clausal element in a left-dislocation construction. In addition, some verb-final languages have a ‘post-core slot’ [PoCS] (e.g. Japanese; Shimojo 1995), and some languages also have a ‘right-detached position’, [RDP], which is the position of the post-clausal element in a rightdislocation construction. Each of the major layers (nucleus, core, clause) is modified by one or more operators, which include grammatical categories such as tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality. The LSC applies equally to fixed word-order and free word-order languages, to headmarking and dependent-marking languages, to languages with and without grammatical relations. It is assumed that noun phrases and adpositional phrases have a comparable layered structure; operators in the NP include determiners and quantifiers. In the formal representation of the LSC, operators are represented in a distinct projection of the clause from the predicates and arguments (the constituent projection). This is presented in Figures 2-5. In Figure 2, the peripheries have been omitted from this diagram for the sake of simplicity. (LDP) (XP) (PrCS) (XP) SENTENCE CLAUSE CORE XP (XP) NUCLEUS (XP) (XP) PRED V NUCLEUS
LDP PrCS SENTENCE CLAUSE Figure 3: The LSC in English CORECLAUSE IF----------->CLAUSE SENTENCE The operator projections of the clause have been omitted in the Dyirbal (Dixon 1972) and Lakhota examples in Figures 4 and 5. The Dyirbal and English sentences in Figure 4 are translations of each other. NP PERIPHERY——> CORE LOC SENTENCE CLAUSE NUC PRED NP dyugumbil gambi≠a baÑgul bu≠an  balan  ya≠aÑgu woman-ABS mountains-LOC DET-ERG see DET-ABS man-ERG V SENTENCE CLAUSE NP NUC PRED Figure 4: The LSC in Dyirbal and English CORE
Page 1: A Summary of Role and Reference Gra
Page 5 and 6: ‘He broke (by hitting) a ricebowl
Page 7 and 8: The following examples from Turkish
Page 9 and 10: Semantic structure Semantics plays
Page 11 and 12: The decompositional representation
Page 13 and 14: -muta-y- (BECOME open´ (x)), in wh
Page 15 and 16: Agents are willful, controlling, in
Page 17 and 18: The lexicon The lexicon plays a ver
Page 19 and 20: subordinate clause, e.g. Bill made
Page 21 and 22: tactic realization of a particular
Page 23 and 24: quate grammatical theories. In plac
Page 25 and 26: linking algorithm is required. The
Page 27 and 28: Syntactic Inventory/ Parser PrCS NP
Page 29 and 30: Jackendoff, R. (1976). ‘Toward an

A Summary of Role and Reference Grammar

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