source: van Bommel, Caminada 1980
source: van Bommel, Caminada 1980
source: van Bommel, Caminada 1980
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Road lighting in the light of the future<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong><br />
CIE Board<br />
IDA Board<br />
Fudan University, Shanghai
Background for future guidelines<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Why Road Lighting?<br />
Quality and Quantity of light, Where light, When light?
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Why Road Lighting?<br />
• traffic safety<br />
• traffic flow<br />
• personal security and orientation<br />
• identity and prestige
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Why: Road Safety<br />
Visibility of objects<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Philips, 1955
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Luminance concept
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Own car lighting<br />
visibility of objects
AFS: Adaptive Front lighting System<br />
dynamic turning beam dynamic in-turning beam<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
visibility of objects<br />
conventional beam dipped beam<br />
motorway beam town beam<br />
wet weather beam<br />
oncoming traffic beam<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Audi, Nissan, Hella, Philips
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
IR night vision assistance<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Mercedes
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Why: Neurological aspects<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Alain Muzet, 2003
micro sleep<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Neurological aspects<br />
Cumulative<br />
Minutes<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
no rest before drive<br />
6 min 12<br />
Motorway Brussels-Lyon: 440 km<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Régis Mollard, 2003
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Why: Traffic flow
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Why: Personal security<br />
recognition of faces<br />
<strong>source</strong>: <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong>, <strong>Caminada</strong>, <strong>1980</strong>
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Why Road Lighting?<br />
Move from:<br />
• motorized traffic safety<br />
towards<br />
• traffic guidance and traffic flow<br />
• personal security and orientation<br />
• identity and prestige
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Quality and Quantity<br />
Visual ergonomy<br />
30 % cleaner<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Sphinks<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Vos, Padmos, 1979
Visual ergonomy: more light or ….??<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009
Visual ergonomy: more light or ….??<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Alert Zebra (Pilot Rotterdam)<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Anke Padmos, 2008
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Quality and Quantity<br />
traffic flow<br />
time to detect<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Fisher, Hall, 1986
t (sec)<br />
10<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
5<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Quality and Quantity<br />
traffic flow<br />
0,1 m/sec 2<br />
3,25 m/sec 2<br />
0,1 1 10<br />
L av (cd/m 2 )<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Fisher, Hall, 1986
Day/night<br />
ratio<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Personal security<br />
feeling of security at a parking area<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
Albany,<br />
USA<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50<br />
E av, hor (lux)<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Boyce, 2000
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Quality and Quantity<br />
recognition of faces<br />
<strong>source</strong>: <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong>, <strong>Caminada</strong>, <strong>1980</strong>
d face (m)<br />
4<br />
15<br />
10<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
5<br />
0<br />
Quality and Quantity<br />
recognition of faces<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
E ½cyl (lux)<br />
<strong>source</strong>: <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong>, <strong>Caminada</strong> <strong>1980</strong>
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Colour of light<br />
White light and colour rendering
Colour rendering and recognition of faces<br />
d face (m)<br />
15<br />
10<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
5<br />
0<br />
<strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong>:<br />
‘white’ R a =40<br />
Raynham:<br />
‘yellow’ R a =25<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
E ½cyl (lux)<br />
<strong>source</strong>: Raynham, 2003
Rods<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Cones and rods<br />
On-line vision<br />
Cones<br />
Fovea<br />
Off-line vision<br />
(periphere)<br />
retina
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Quantity and Quality<br />
Colour of light<br />
Beek – Geleen<br />
Netherlands
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Colour of light and efficiency<br />
400 450 500 550 600 650 700<br />
Cones<br />
<strong>source</strong>: CIE<br />
Brainard
Rods<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Cones and rods<br />
On-line vision<br />
Cones<br />
Fovea<br />
Off-line vision<br />
(periphere)<br />
retina
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Colour of light and efficiency<br />
400 450 500 550 600 650 700<br />
Rods<br />
periphere<br />
Cones<br />
central<br />
Blue and Blue green: + Yellow better = white<br />
peripheral vision<br />
<strong>source</strong>: CIE<br />
Brainard
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Where light<br />
E ½ sphere
esidential street lighting luminaire<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Where light
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Light pollution<br />
% of luminaire output above horizon<br />
Sky glow<br />
Light on<br />
facades and<br />
people<br />
E vert and I<br />
Limits: CIE Publication
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
When light<br />
Intelligent, Only when dynamic needed lighting !<br />
SEGMENT<br />
KAST<br />
<br />
OLC OLC<br />
MAINS<br />
OLC
CIE draft Publication 115: Road Lighting: weighting factors<br />
Parameter Options<br />
Speed<br />
Traffic volume<br />
Traffic<br />
composition<br />
Parked<br />
vehicles<br />
Ambient<br />
luminance<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Weighting<br />
Factor WF<br />
Low 1<br />
Very low (walking speed) 0<br />
Very high 1<br />
High 0.5<br />
Moderate 0<br />
Low -0.5<br />
Very low<br />
Pedestrians, cyclists and motorized traffic<br />
-1<br />
1<br />
Pedestrians and motorized traffic 0.5<br />
Pedestrians and cyclists only 0.5<br />
Pedestrians only 0<br />
Cyclists only 0<br />
Present 0.5<br />
Not present 0<br />
Very high 1<br />
High 0.5<br />
Moderate 0<br />
Low -0.5<br />
Very low -1<br />
in Europe:<br />
Intelligent lighting<br />
according CIE 115:<br />
- 7<br />
Power stations*<br />
* of 2 TWh/yr
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Thank you for your attention<br />
<strong>source</strong>: city.people.light
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong> Lighting Consultant, 2009<br />
Thank you for your attention<br />
Wout <strong>van</strong> <strong>Bommel</strong><br />
Lighting Consultant<br />
www.wout<strong>van</strong>bommel.eu
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