Spirituality and Indian Psychology: Lessons from ... - Mandhata Global

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Chapter 3 Model Building from Cultural Insights Introduction Worldview is shaped by culture, and worldview directs the choice of conceptual models, research questions, and what we do professionally as a social scientist. This chapter examines the Indian culture vis-à-vis the culture of science. First the thesis that science has a culture is laid out by recognizing the defining attributes of science. Then the Indian worldview of who we are and what we should be doing is presented, followed by an examination of how this view interacts with the culture of science and what is called scientific thinking. Research on Transcendental Meditation (TM) is presented as a vehicle to examine the interaction between Indian cultural worldview and what is called scientific thinking. Implications of this interaction for studying human value system for cultural researchers and global psychology are discussed. Worldview shapes what is “interesting” (Davis, 1971) to a great extent to a particular audience, what is considered a problem, what problem is interesting to study, and whether the goal of studying a problem is to analyze the problem, to analyze and solve the problem, or to analyze, solve, and implement the solution. Davis argued that all theories in social sciences become false over time, because they are simplifications of reality. He contended that some social science theories are less false than others. A theory is accepted in social science because it is “interesting,” and they persist because of their interestingness, sometimes even after they are refuted. Davis’ ideas are provocative, and they have great significance in that culture shapes what is considered interesting to a great deal. For example, though Western researchers do not consider spirituality an important research topic, it is of great interest to Asian scholars. Davis himself falls into the cultural trap when he concludes that all of the propositions that he examined were interesting only if they negated an existing one. This itself may be an aspect of Western culture. There lies the threat, even for cross-cultural researchers, in that they may make the mistake of studying concepts that are interesting (only!) from their own cultural perspective. D.P.S. Bhawuk, Spirituality and Indian Psychology, International and Cultural Psychology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8110-3_3, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 47
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International and Cultural Psycholo
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Dharm P.S. Bhawuk Spirituality and
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Dedication om tatsat I pray constan
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x Foreword complexities of the hist
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xii Preface to constantly question
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xiv Preface In my research I have d
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xviii Contents 4 Indian Concept of
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Page 23 and 24: xxii Introduction Spirituality CONT
Page 25 and 26: xxiv Introduction their cultural va
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Page 31 and 32: Reasons for Pursuing Indigenous Res
Page 33 and 34: Reasons for Pursuing Indigenous Res
Page 35 and 36: Scope for Indigenizing Psychology l
Page 37 and 38: Scope for Indigenizing Psychology w
Page 39 and 40: Individualism and Collectivism: A T
Page 41 and 42: Individualism and Collectivism: A T
Page 43 and 44: A Group Dynamics Model In a communa
Page 45 and 46: Exploring Cross-Cultural Validity o
Page 47 and 48: An Indian Typology of Leaders Even
Page 49 and 50: karmayogi Leaders karmayogi Leaders
Page 51 and 52: Implications for Global Psychology
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 Spirituality in India: Th
Page 55 and 56: Historical Analysis Table 2.1 List
Page 57 and 58: Ramakrishna: One God, Different Pat
Page 63 and 64: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Bridging Sci
Page 65 and 66: Osho Rajneesh: Bridging Sex and sam
Page 67 and 68: Osho Rajneesh: Bridging Sex and sam
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Page 77 and 78: Culture of Science When faced by co
Page 79 and 80: Culture of Science Science is value
Page 81 and 82: The Indian Worldview I do not think
Page 83 and 84: Transcendental Meditation and Scien
Page 85 and 86: Transcendental Meditation and Scien
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 Indian Concept of Self Th
Page 95 and 96: Physical, Social, and Metaphysical
Page 97 and 98: Atman as Self in the bhagavadgItA o
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Page 101 and 102: Concept of Self in the upaniSads Co
Page 103 and 104: Concept of Self in durgA saptazatI
Page 105 and 106: Concept of Self and manas Thus, we
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Page 109 and 110: Concept of Self and manas prANamaya
Page 111 and 112: Concept of Self and manas within th
Page 113 and 114: Concept of Self and manas kRSNa exp
Page 115 and 116: Concept of Self and buddhi which he
Page 117 and 118: Regional Concept of Self internal p
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 5 The Paths of Bondage and
Page 123 and 124: Self and svadharma same time neglec
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Self and svadharma the Brahmins sho
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Performing or Not Performing One’
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Path 1: Work as Bondage between eff
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Path 2: Liberation Through Work whi
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niSkAma karma and vedAnta: tridoza
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Implications for Global Psychology
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Chapter 6 A Process Model of Desire
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Anchoring Cognition, Emotion, and B
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A General Model of Psychological Pr
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A General Model of Psychological Pr
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Support for the Model in Other Indi
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Support for the Model in Other Indi
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Chapter 7 A General Model of Peace
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kAmasaMkalpavivarjana or the Path o
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kAmasaMkalpavivarjana or the Path o
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jnAnyoga or the Path of Knowledge s
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dhyAnyoga or the Path of Meditation
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haktiyoga or the Path of Devotion I
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Path 2 and Synonyms of Peace and Ha
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Chapter 8 karma: An Indian Theory o
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The Philosophy of karma The Philoso
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The Philosophy of karma commentary
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yajna, karma, and Work the middle s
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yajna, karma, and Work yajna for a
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niSkAma karma or Work Without Desir
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Working for Social Good philosophy
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Why to Work material world. 67 Thou
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How to Work How to Work The bhagava
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Chapter 9 Epistemology and Ontology
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Deriving Epistemology and Ontology
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Theory, Method, and Practice of Ind
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Theories in Indian Psychology Theor
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Methodology for Indian Psychology D
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Characteristics of Indian Psycholog
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Characteristics of Indian Psycholog
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Chapter 10 Toward a New Paradigm of
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Cultural Insight and Knowledge Crea
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Discovering or Mining Models from S
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Discovering or Mining Models from S
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Recognition of What Works in Indige
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Recognition of What Works in Indige
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Chapter 11 Summary and Implications
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Methodological Contributions enviro
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Theoretical Contributions in the bo
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Implications for Future Research ho
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References Adair, J. G. (1996). The
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References Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2006).
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References Danziger, K. (1990). Con
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References Hasegawa, H. (1995). A s
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References Leung, K., & Bond, M. H.
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References Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M
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References Shweder, R. A. (1993). T
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References Varma, S B. L. (1975). G
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Author Index A Adair, J.G., 201 Ajz
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Author Index Sismondo, S., 166 Slob
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Subject Index A Accuracy, 44, 48, 5
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Subject Index Anandamayakoza, 73, 7
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Subject Index 171, 173, 179, 182-18
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