Environmental Certificate Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class

Life
cycle
Environmental
Certificate Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class
1

Contents
Life Cycle – the Mercedes-Benz environmental documentation 4
Interview with Professor Dr Herbert Kohler 6
Product description 8
Validation 14
1 Product documentation 15
1.1 Technical data 16
1.2 Material composition 17
2 Environmental profile 18
2.1 General environmental issues 19
2.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 24
2.2.1 Data basis 26
2.2.2 LCA results for the CLA 180 28
2.3 Design for recovery 35
2.3.1 Recycling concept for the new CLA-Class 36
2.3.2 Dismantling information 38
2.3.3 Avoidance of potentially hazardous materials 39
2.4 Use of secondary raw materials 40
2.5 Use of renewable raw materials 42
3 Process documentation 45
4 Certificate 48
5 Conclusion 49
6 Glossary 50
Imprint 52
As at: April 2013
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3

Life
cycle
Since the beginning of 2009, “Life Cycle” has been presenting
the Environmental Certificates for Mercedes-Benz
vehicles. Above all the principal aim of this documentation
series is to provide the best possible service to as
many interested parties as possible: on the one hand, the
wide-ranging and complex subject of the “car and the
environment” needs to be communicated to the general
public in a manner which is easy to understand. On the
other hand, however, specialists also need to have access
to detailed information. “Life Cycle” fulfils this requirement
with a variable concept.
Those wanting a quick overview can concentrate on the
short summaries at the beginning of the respective
chapters. These summaries highlight the most important
information in note form, while standardised graphics al-
so help to simplify orientation. If more detailed information
on the environmental commitment of Daimler AG is
required, clearly arranged tables, graphics and informative
text passages have also been provided. These elements
describe the individual environmental aspects in a great
deal of detail.
With its service-oriented and striking “Life Cycle” documentation
series, Mercedes-Benz is once again demonstrating
its pioneering role in this important area - just
as in the past, when in 2005 the S-Class became the very
first vehicle to receive the Environmental Certificate from
TÜV Süd (South German Technical Inspection Authority).
4 5

Interview
“Aerodynamic Leadership”
Professor Kohler, the BlueEFFICIENCY edition of the new
CLA-Class sets a new world record with a Cd value of 0.22
and an aerodynamic drag value of 0.49 m 2 . How does the
customer benefit from this?
As part of our Real Life Efficiency philosophy we want to
enable our customers to really reduce consumption. Good
flow characteristics are tremendously important in this
context, because if the Cd value can be cut by one tenthousandth,
fuel consumption for the average customer
is reduced by a tenth of a litre, and at very fast motorway
speeds by as much as 0.4 litres per 100 kilometres. To
achieve this savings effect through lightweight design
measures it would be necessary to pare at least 35 kilograms
off the weight of the cars. The aspiration to lead-
ership in aerodynamics is an important element of our
MBC 2020 product strategy– and has a long tradition at
Mercedes-Benz.
And how has Mercedes-Benz managed for many years to
make the models in almost all vehicle categories the leaders
in all aerodynamic disciplines?
Through optimisation of all details in close cooperation
between designers and aerodynamics specialists. A good
example of the many aerodynamic refinements in the
CLA are the serrated wheel spoilers on the front and rear
wheel arches. The patented wheel spoilers were developed
with the help of flow calculations. What is a seemingly
insignificant component reduces undesirable air turbu-
lence in the wheel arches in no less than three ways, by
lowering linear turbulence, deflecting the airflow from the
wheels and stabilising shear waves with its serrated edge.
The wheel spoiler remains effective whatever the suspension
level and wheel dimensions.
Optionally the new CLA-Class is also available with 4MATIC
permanent all-wheel drive. What effect does this system have
on the vehicle’s efficiency?
In comparison with the all-wheel drive versions of the
competition, the system weight of the new 4MATIC is up
to 25 percent lower owing to its design. These lightweight
design measures and the high efficiency result in good
energy efficiency.
Interview with Professor Dr Herbert Kohler,
Chief Environmental Officer at Daimler AG
6 7

Product description
Sleek as they come
The CLA is set to establish a new segment,
with world-leading aerodynamics (cd 0.22 for the BlueEFFICIENCY Edition),
avant-garde coupé design and 4MATIC all-wheel drive (optional).
As a new four-door coupé it follows the idea of the CLS,
whose design concept has spawned more than its fair
share of imitators since its debut in 2003.
In keeping with its sporty positioning, the CLA is available
with high-torque turbo engines rated at up to 155 kW
(211 hp), sports suspension and 4MATIC all-wheel drive.
The technical highlights of this new design icon include a
new world record in aerodynamics for series production
cars (Cd value: 0.22) and numerous driving assistance
systems, including advanced COLLISION PREVENTION
ASSIST.
This radar-based assistance system provides the possibly
distracted driver with visual and acoustic warnings of
identified obstacles and prepares the adaptive Brake Assist
system for precision braking. Braking is initiated as
soon as the driver steps emphatically on the brake pedal.
When an impending danger of collision is identified, the
COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST system calculates the
precise braking force ideally needed to avoid an accident
and makes the best possible use of any distance remaining.
As a new feature, COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST
affords protection from typical rear-end collisions in
dangerous traffic situations in the CLA from a speed of
only 7 km/h (previously: above 30 km/h).
The highlights of the new CLA-Class
• Avant-garde coupé design
• Establishes a new segment
• New world record in aerodynamics for series
production cars (cd value: 0.22)
• Powerful and efficient turbo engines
• ECO start/stop function as standard
• Numerous driving assistance systems, including
advanced COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST
• New-generation 4MATIC permanent
all-wheel-drive system (optional)
• Seamless iPhone ® integration
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Five lines and packages which vary greatly in character
are available to individualise the striking mid-range coupé
(length/width/height: 4630/1777/1437 millimetres).
The style rebel: exterior design
Its breathtakingly sporty proportions and powerfully
dynamic design idiom, with its interplay between concave
and convex surfaces, give this four-door coupé its unmistakable
look.
The vehicle’s striking features include the bonnet with its
powerdomes, set right into the front end, and the diamond
radiator grille. The light modules and LEDs behind the
headlamp cover glass have been arranged in such a way
as to create the characteristic “flare effect” for the daytime
running lamps and indicators. This light signet
defines the car’s energetic appearance and shapes
a new Mercedes face.
Its breathtakingly sporty proportions and powerfully dynamic design idiom,
with its interplay between concave and convex surfaces, give this four-door
coupé its unmistakable look.The vehicle’s striking features include the bonnet
with its powerdomes, set right into the front end, and the diamond radiator grille.
Numerous details indicate that on a design level the CLA
represents a further development of that modern classic,
the Mercedes-Benz CLS. Three prominent lines give structure
to the vehicle when viewed from the side: the front
structural edge over the wings flows towards the rear end
in a characteristic dropping line. Another, more sinewy
line spans the shoulder muscle above the rear axle, while
the third feature line extends in a sweeping curve from
the front wheel towards the rear. Together, these lines
lend depth and dynamism to the side profile.
The width-emphasizing rear end radiates power and
athleticism, featuring an interplay between convex and
concave surfaces and edges. The gently sloping roof
contour and the pronounced, hallmark curvature of the
rear window provide the CLA with a coupé-style character
from the rear, too. The athletic impression from the rear
results from the drawn-in C-pillars in conjunction
with the shoulder muscle over
the rear wheel arch linings.
The tail lights are
framed by the muscular
lines of the shoulders
which extend into the
rear end, the horizontal orientation of the lights emphasizing
the rear’s powerful and aesthetic breadth. The light
functions feature an arrow-style arrangement.
“Cool touch” effect: the interior
The exterior’s progressive, sporty appearance is continued
inside the vehicle. The interior additionally derives a very
special quality feel from the design idiom, the selection of
high-quality materials and the available combinations of
materials. All trim surfaces are galvanised, resulting in a
metallic finish.
The instrument panel incorporates five round vents. The
outer rings of the round vents have a high-quality electroplated
finish. The airflow direction is governed by a
galvanised insert that reveals a meticulous attention to
detail. The free-standing display screen features a black
piano-lacquer-look front panel and, in combination with
COMAND Online, a flush-fitting silver frame. The CLA is
fitted with integral seats in the front and rear, underscoring
its sporty character. The rear bench seat emphasizes
the outer seats (2+1-seater).Coloured contrasting stitching
is available, according to the selected interior appointment
options. A fibre-optic cable in the opening between head
restraint and backrest is optionally available as part of the
ambient lighting.
Sleek as they come: new record Cd value
With a Cd value of 0.23, the CLA sets a new benchmark –
both within the Mercedes-Benz model range and among
all production vehicles. The drag area, Cd x A – which
is crucial to fuel consumption at around 60 km/h and
above – also leads the field, at 0.51 m 2 . The CLA 180 Blue-
EFFICIENCY Edition even manages to better these top
values with its Cd figure of 0.22, and when it comes to the
drag area, Cd x A, the four-door coupé crosses a magical
line: it is just 0.49 m².
The good air flow characteristics, which are a major
contributory factor to the vehicle’s low fuel consumption
in everyday conditions, result from numerous aerodynamic
optimisation measures. These include a low A-pillar
shoulder with adapted A-pillar geometry, aerodynamically
optimised exterior mirrors, streamlined rear section,
wheels designed for low aerodynamic drag and serrated
wheel spoilers on the front and rear wheel arches.
10 11

Numerous driving assistance systems offer support in the CLA and reduce
the driver’s workload. Standard-fit features for the Coupé include ATTENTION
ASSIST drowsiness detection and radar-based COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST.
Optional extras include DISTRONIC PLUS radar-based adaptive cruise control,
Speed Limit Assist and Active Parking Assist (photos from left to right).
Extensive underbody panelling, additional panelling in
the middle area of the rear axle and an aerodynamically
optimised rear silencer followed by a diffuser improve the
flow of air under the underbody. When it comes to aeroacoustics
too, i.e. noise level comfort, the four-door coupé
leads the way.
Smart safety: advanced assistance systems
Numerous driving assistance systems offer support in the
CLA and reduce the driver’s workload. Standard-fit features
for the coupé include ATTENTION ASSIST drowsiness
detection and radar-based COLLISION PREVENTION
ASSIST with adaptive Brake Assist, which now helps
to protect the CLA from collisions from a speed of only
7 km/h (previously: over 30 km/h).
This feature combines with DISTRONIC PLUS to become
COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST PLUS, incorporating an
additional function: when a danger of collision persists
and the driver fails to respond, the system is able to carry
out autonomous braking at speeds of up to 200 km/h,
thereby reducing the severity of collisions with slow or
stationary vehicles. The system also brakes in response to
stationary vehicles at a speed of up to 30 km/h and is able
to prevent rear-end collisions at speeds of up to 20 km/h.
Established assistance systems, such as the Lane Tracking
package with Blind Spot Assist and Lane Keeping Assist
or Adaptive Highbeam Assist, are also available for the
CLA. Active Parking Assist (optional) enables automatic
parking in lengthways and crossways parking spaces.
Designed for dynamism: the chassis and suspension
The chassis of the CLA features a McPherson front axle
and independent multi-link rear suspension, featuring
three control arms and one trailing arm per wheel. This
means that longitudinal and lateral dynamics are virtually
independent of one another. A CLA-specific feature is the
flexible decoupling of the rear axle carrier, which benefits
ride comfort. Wheel carriers and spring links are made
of aluminium, in order to reduce unsprung masses. Two
chassis and suspension set-ups are available: the comfort
suspension and the optional sports suspension for sporty
yet comfortable handling. The latter entails lowering of
the body by 15 mm (front) and 10 mm (rear).
Irrespective of the selected chassis, all CLA variants
come with the Direct Steer system. This electromechanical
power steering offers improved feedback to the driver
in comparison to conventional systems and makes an
important contribution towards overall efficiency, as the
steering assist function only requires energy when the
steering wheel is actually turned.
High tractive power reserves and outstanding agility:
4MATIC all-wheel drive
The CLA from Mercedes-Benz is optionally available with
a new generation of the 4MATIC permanent all-wheel
drive system featuring fully variable torque distribution.
Similar to the other 4MATIC versions, this completely
new development boasts high tractive power reserves and
outstanding agility combined with superlative driving
safety and energy efficiency.
The components of the new 4MATIC include the power
take-off to the rear axle that is integrated into the 7G-DCT
automated dual clutch transmission, and the rear-axle
gear with integrated, electrohydraulically controlled multidisc
clutch. This set-up enables fully variable distribution
of the drive torque between front and rear axle. Additional
benefits of this design are a lower system weight compared
with what is available from the competition as well
as high efficiency.
All set for the future: powerful and efficient drive
The petrol engines with a displacement of 1.6 and 2.0
litres cover an output spectrum ranging from 90 kW
(122 hp) in the CLA 180 through 115 kW (156 hp) in the
CLA 200 to 155 kW (211 hp) in the CLA 250. The two
diesel engines combine dynamic low-end torque with
the utmost efficiency: the CLA 200 CDI generates
100 kW (136 hp), with a maximum torque of 300 Nm
(available from September 2013). The CLA 220 CDI has a
displacement of 2.2 litres and delivers 125 kW (170 hp)
and 350 Nm of torque, while emitting only 109 g of CO 2
per kilometre. All the engines feature the ECO start/stop
function as standard. The engines are combined with
a six-speed manual transmission or with the 7G-DCT
dual clutch automatic transmission, which reconciles
comfort and sportiness in inimitable fashion.
The CLA from Mercedes-Benz is optionally available with a
new generation of the 4MATIC permanent all-wheel drive system
featuring fully variable torque distribution. Similar to the other 4MATIC
versions, this completely new development boasts high tractive power reserves and
outstanding agility combined with superlative driving safety and energy efficiency
“Always on”: the multimedia systems
The latest multimedia generation deployed in the CLA
boasts new functions, additional apps and a modified
graphic colour scheme. The COMAND Online multimedia
system has also been extended. The latest generation
offers improved, photo-realistic map display, an additional
Bluetooth ® profile (to enable the internet to be accessed
via iPhone ® , for example), the display of images additionally
in bmp and png formats and the real-time transfer
of traffic data.
Daimler’s Digital Drive Style app concept,
which together with the Drive Kit Plus for
the iPhone ® enables seamless integration
of the iPhone ® into the vehicle, has
been extended. The high-resolution colour
display has a diagonal of 17.8 cm. Where
the audio equipment is concerned, too,
new forms of visualisation bring a fresh
look and more convenient operation. The
Cover Flow function, for instance, sorts the
cover images of the stored music albums in
a carousel-like form.
12 13

Validation:
Validation
The following report gives a comprehensive, accurate and appropriate account on the basis of reliable and
reproducible information.
Mandate and basis of verification:
The following environmental product information of Daimler AG, named as „Environmental-Certificate Mercedes-
Benz CLA-Class“ with statements for the passenger vehicle types CLA 180, CLA 180 BlueEFFICIENCY Edition,
CLA 200, CLA 250 and CLA 220 CDI was verified by TÜV SÜD Management Service GmbH. If applicable, the
requirements outlined in the following directives and standards were taken into account:
EN ISO 14040 and 14044 regarding life cycle assessment (principles and general requirements, definition
of goal & scope, inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment, interpretation, critical review)
EN ISO 14020 (environmental labels and declarations – general principles) and EN ISO 14021 (criteria for
self-declared environmental claims)
ISO technical report ISO TR 14062 (integration of environmental aspects into product design and
development
Independence and objectivity of verifier:
TÜV SÜD Group has not concluded any contracts regarding consultancy on product-related environmental aspects
with Daimler AG either in the past or at present. TÜV SÜD Management Service GmbH is not economically
dependent or otherwise involved in any way with the Daimler AG.
Process and depth of detail of verification:
Verification of the environmental report covered both document review and interviews with key functions and
persons in charge of the design and development of the new CLA-Class.
Key statements included in the environmental information, such as weight, emissions and fuel consumption were
traced back to primary measuring results or data and confirmed.
The reliability of the LCA (life cycle assessment) method applied was verified and confirmed by means of an external
critical review in line with the requirements of EN ISO 14040/44.
TÜV SÜD Management Service GmbH
Munich, 2013-04-18
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Brunk Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Wegner
Head of Certification Body
Environmental Verifier Environmental Verifier
Responsibilities:
Full responsibility for the contents of the following report rests with Daimler AG. TÜV SÜD Management Service
GmbH had the task to review the available information for correctness and credibility and validate it provided the
pertinent requirements were satisfied.
1 Product documentation
This section documents significant environmentally relevant specifications
of the different variants of the CLA-Class referred to in the statements
on general environmental topics (Chapter 2.1).
The detailed analysis of materials (Chapter 1.2), Life Cycle Assessment (Chapter 2.2),
and the recycling concept (Chapter 2.3.1) refer to the CLA 180 with standard equipment.
14 15

1.1 Technical data
The table below shows essential technical data
for the variants of the CLA-Class. The relevant environmental aspects
are explained in detail in the environmental profile in Chapter 2.
Characteristics CLA 180 CLA 180 CLA 200 CLA 250 CLA 220 CDI
BlueEFFICIENCY
Edition
Engine type Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine Petrol engine Diesel engine
No. of cylinders 4 4 4 4 4
Displacement (effective) [cc] 1595 1595 1595 1991 2143
Output [kW] 90 90 115 155 125
Emissions standard fulfilled EU 6 EU 6 EU 6 EU 6 EU 6
Weight (without driver and luggage) [kg] 1320 1315 1320 – –
– – 1355* 1405* 1450*
Exhaust emissions [g/km]
CO2** 130–126 118 131–127 – –
– – 129–122* 144–142* 117–109*
NOX 0.0128 0.0151 0.0128 – –
– – 0.0124* 0.0293* 0.0650*
CO 0.1011 0.1474 0.1011 – –
– – 0.1773* 0.2959* 0.1577*
HC (for petrol engine) 0.0438 0.0431 0.0438 – –
– – 0.0411* 0.0338* –
NMHC (for petrol engine) 0.0383 0.0365 0.0383 – –
– – 0.0365* 0.0298* –
HC+NOX (for diesel engine) – – – – 0.0855*
Particulate matter 0.00011 0.00026 0.00011 – –
– – 0.00032* 0.00059* 0.00116*
Particle number [1/km] 2.32 E11 3.82 E11 2.31 E11 – –
4.39 E11* 1.6 E11* 1.57 E09*
Fuel consumption NEDC 5.6–5.4 5.0 5.7–5.5 – –
combined [l/100km]** – – 5.5–5.2* 6.2–6.1* 4.5–4.2*
Driving noise [dB(A)] 74 73 74 – –
– – 73* 73* 73*
NEDC fuel consumption for basic variant CLA 180 with manual transmission and standard tyres 5.4 l/100 km
*Values with dual-clutch automatic transmission
**Values depending on tyres
1.2 Material composition
The weight and material data for the CLA 180 were determined on the basis of internal documentation
of the components used in the vehicle (parts list, drawings). The “kerb weight according to DIN”
(without driver and luggage, 90 percent fuel tank filling) served as a basis for the recycling rate and
Life Cycle Assessment. Figure 1-1 shows the material composition of the CLA 180
in accordance with VDA 231–106.
Steel/ferrous materials account for slightly over half of the
vehicle weight (54.9 percent) in the CLA-Class. These are
followed by polymer materials at 19.6 percent and light
alloys as the third-largest group (12.7 percent). Service
fluids comprise around 4.4 percent. The proportions of
non-ferrous metals and of other materials (first and foremost
glass) are somewhat lower, at about 3.5 percent and
about 3.6 percent, respectively. The remaining materials –
process polymers, electronics, and special metals – contribute
about one percent to the weight of the vehicle. In
this study, the material class of process polymers largely
comprises materials for painting.
16 17
Steel/ferrous
materials 54.9 %
Figure 1-1: Composition of materials CLA 180
The polymers are divided into thermoplastics, elastomers,
duromers and non-specific plastics, with the thermoplastics
accounting for the largest proportion, at 14.1 percent.
Elastomers (predominantly tyres) are the second-largest
group of polymers with 3.9 percent.
The service fluids include oils, fuel, coolant, refrigerant,
brake fluid and washer fluid. Only circuit boards with
components are included in the electronics group. Cables
and batteries are categorised according to their material
composition.
Light alloys 12.7 %
Non-ferrous metals 3.5 %
Special metals 0.02 %
Process polymers 1.1 %
Other materials 3.6 %
Electronics 0.1 %
Service fluids 4.4 %
Polymer materials 19.6 %
Thermoplastics 14.1 %
Elastomers 3.9 %
Duromers 0.7 %
Other Plastics 0.9 %

2 Environmental profile
The environmental profile documents general environmental features of the CLA-Class
with regard to such matters as fuel consumption, emissions or environmental management
systems. It also presents specific analyses of environmental performance, such as the
Life Cycle Assessment, the recycling concept and the use of secondary and
renewable raw materials.
2.1 General environmental issues
The CLA-Class range currently comprises four petrol
models with highly precise piezo injection and one diesel
variant. The entry-level CLA 180 model analysed features
the latest-generation 4-cylinder petrol engine (M 270)
and has a very low fuel consumption of 5.6–5.4 l/100 km
– depending on tyres. Implementing additional consumption-reducing
measures reduced the fuel consumption
of the CLA 180 “BlueEFFICIENCY Edition” even further
to 5.0 l/100km.
Fuel consumption in the CLA 220 CDI diesel variant
is 4.5–4.2 l/100 km, equivalent to CO 2 emissions of
117 and 109 g/km respectively.
The fuel efficiency benefits are ensured by an intelligent
package of measures. These extend to optimisation
measures in the drive system, energy management and
aerodynamics, as well as to tyres with optimised rolling
resistance, weight reduction through lightweight construction
techniques and driver information to encourage
an energy-saving driving style.
Contributory factors to improved
environmental performance
• Downsizing strategy for the engines.
• Fuel consumption shown on the display.
• Special “eco driver training” from Mercedes-Benz.
• Certified environment management system at
Kecskemét plant.
• Reuse of used replacement parts.
• Environmentally compatible vehicle disposal
free of charge.
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Friction-optimised
downsizing engines
with turbocharger
Alternator management
Optimised belt drive
with decoupler
Clutch
Air conditioning
compressor
Regulated fuel
and oil pump
Radiator shutter,
depending on model
Figure 2-1: Consumption-reducing measures for the new CLA-Class
Friction-optimised
transmissions with
high-geared configurations
ECO start/stop system
The most important measures include (see above):
• For all petrol and diesel powertrains: friction-optimised
downsized engines with turbocharging, direct injection
and thermal management; petrol engines with
CAMTRONIC (CLA 180 and CLA 200).
• Friction-optimised 6-speed manual transmission and
7-speed dual clutch automatic transmission, both
featuring high-geared configurations.
• The ECO start/stop function as standard for all
engine variants.
• Aerodynamic optimisation by optimised diffusor,
means of spoilers at the sides of the rear window,
optimised underbody and rear axle panelling,
radiator shutter and Aero hub caps.
• Use of tyres with optimised rolling resistance.
Reduced-friction
wheel bearings
Weight optimisation through
the use of lightweight materials
Optimised aerodynamics:
Optimised diffuser, spoilers at sides of rear window,
optimised underbody and rear axle panelling, radiator
shutter and optimised wheels and hub caps.
CLA180 BlueEFFICIENCY Edition:
Additional aerodynamic measures, transmission
with high-geared configuration, lowered suspension.
ECO display in instrument cluster
Tyres with low
rolling resistance
• Wheel bearings with substantially reduced friction.
• Weight optimisation through the use of lightweight
materials.
• Regulated fuel and oil pump are able to adjust pump
output according to required load.
• Intelligent generator management in conjunction with
an efficient generator ensures that consumers are
powered from the battery during acceleration, while
during braking part of the resulting energy is
recuperated and stored back in the battery.
• Highly efficient air conditioning compressor with
optimised oil management, reduced displacement and
magnetic clutch which avoids friction losses.
• Optimised belt drive with decoupler.
With a cd value of 0.23,
the CLA 180 sets a new benchmark.
The drag area cd x A – which is crucial in terms of wind
resistance – also leads the field, at 0.51 m 2 . The good air
flow characteristics, which are a major contributory factor
to the vehicle’s low fuel consumption in everyday conditions,
result from numerous aerodynamic optimisation
measures.
These include a low A-pillar shoulder with adapted
A-pillar geometry, aerodynamically optimised exterior
mirror housings and rear shape, wheel trims designed for
low aerodynamic drag and serrated wheel spoilers on the
front and rear wheel arches.
The CLA 180 BlueEFFICIENCY Edition, which is due to hit
the streets in June, even manages to better this value with
its cd value of 0.22, and when it comes to the drag area,
the four-door coupé crosses a magical line with its 0.49 m 2 .
The good air flow characteristics result from numerous aerodynamic
optimisation measures. The patented wheel spoiler
was developed with the help of airflow analysis. Extensive
underbody panelling, additional panelling in the middle area of
the rear axle and an aerodynamically optimised rear silencer
improve the flow of air under the underbody.
In addition to the improvements to the vehicle, the driver also
has a decisive influence on fuel consumption. For this reason, a
display in the middle of the instrument cluster shows the current
fuel consumption level. This easy-to-read bar indicator reacts
spontaneously as soon as the driver takes his foot off the accelerator
and uses the engine’s overrun cut-off, for example. The
CLA-Class Owner’s Manual also includes additional tips for an
economical and environmentally friendly driving style.
Furthermore, Mercedes-Benz offers its customers “Eco Driver
Training”. The results of this training course show that adopting
an efficient and energy-conscious style of driving can help to
reduce the fuel consumption of a car by up to 15 percent.
20 21

The CLA-Class is also fit for the future when it comes to
its fuels. The EU plans include an increasing proportion
of biofuels. It goes without saying that the CLA-Class will
meet these requirements: in the case of petrol engines,
a bioethanol content of 10 % (E 10) is permitted. A 10 %
biofuel component is also permitted for diesel engines in
the form of 7 % biodiesel (B 7 FAME) and 3 % high-quality,
hydrogenated vegetable oil.
High efficiency is achieved in terms of exhaust gas
emissions, too. All new engines already meet the requirements
of the Euro 6 emissions standard which comes into
force in 2014. The petrol engines even better the much
more stringent diesel particulate limit in the Euro 6 standard
with no additional exhaust aftertreatment. The CLA
220 CDI is equipped with multiple exhaust gas recirculation,
which reduces nitrogen oxide emissions.
The CLA-Class is produced at the new Mercedes plant in
Kecskemét (Hungary). Right from the start, this production
facility has had an environmental management system
certified to EU eco-audit regulations and ISO Standard
14001. The paint technology used for the CLA-Class, for
example, is not only state of the art but also stands out
by virtue of its high levels of environmental friendliness,
efficiency and quality, which are achieved thanks
to consistent use of water-based paints. Environmentally
friendly technologies are also used to generate energy at
the Kecskemét plant. The plant’s two combined heat and
power units use clean natural gas to supply electricity and
heating. Heat recovery in the ventilation systems in the
production halls plays an equally important role, since
this reduces the amount of fuel used significantly
High environmental standards are also firmly established
in the environmental management systems in the sales
and after-sales sectors at Mercedes-Benz. At dealer level,
Mercedes-Benz meets its product responsibility with the
MeRSy recycling system for workshop waste, used parts
and warranty parts and packaging materials. The take-back
system introduced in 1993 also means that Mercedes-Benz
is a model for the automotive industry where workshop
waste disposal and recycling are concerned.
This exemplary service by an automotive manufacturer
is implemented right down to customer level. The waste
materials produced in our outlets during servicing and repairs
are collected, reprocessed and recycled via a network
operating throughout Germany. Classic components include
bumpers, side panels, electronic scrap, glass and tyres.
The reuse of parts also has a long tradition at Mercedes-
Benz. The Mercedes-Benz Used Parts Center (GTC) was
established back in 1996. With its quality-tested used
parts, the GTC is an integral part of the service and parts
operations for the Mercedes-Benz brand and makes an
important contribution to the appropriately priced repair
of Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
Although the reuse of Mercedes passenger cars lies
in the distant future in view of their long service life,
Mercedes-Benz offers a new, innovative procedure for
the rapid disposal of vehicles in an environmentally
friendly manner and free of charge. For convenient
disposal, a comprehensive network of collection points
and dismantling facilities is available to Mercedes
customers. Owners of used cars can find out all the
important details relating to the return of their vehicles
via the free phone number 00800 1 777 7777.
The Mercedes-Benz CLA is the first car to be built exclusively
at the new plant in Kecskemét, Hungary. The factory was inaugurated
in the spring of 2012, and production of the CLA started
on 3 January 2013.
22 23

2.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
The environmental compatibility of a vehicle is determined by the environmental burden caused
by emissions and the consumption of resources throughout the vehicle’s lifecycle (cf. Figure 2-2).
The standardised tool for evaluating a vehicle’s environmental compatibility is the Life Cycle
Assessment. It comprises the total environmental impact of a vehicle from the cradle to the
grave, in other words from raw material extraction through production and use up to recycling.
Down to the smallest detail
• With life cycle assessment, Mercedes-Benz registers
all of the effects of a vehicle on the environment –
from development via production and operation
through to disposal.
• For a complete assessment, within each life cycle
phase all environmental impacts are accounted for.
• Many emissions arise not so much during driving,
but in the course of fuel production – for example
non-methane hydrocarbon (NMVOC)* and sulphur
dioxide emissions.
• The detailed analysis also includes the consumption
and processing of bauxite (aluminium production),
iron and copper ore.
* NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds)
The elements of a Life Cycle Assessment are:
1. Goal and scope definition
define the objective and scope of an LCA.
2. Inventory analysis
encompasses the material and energy flows
throughout all stages of a vehicle’s life: how many
kilograms of raw material are used, how much
energy is consumed, what wastes and emissions
are produced, etc.
3. Impact assessment
gauges the potential effects of the product on
the environment, such as global warming potential,
summer smog potential, acidification potential,
and eutrophication potential.
4. Interpretation
draws conclusions and makes recommendations.
In the development of Mercedes-Benz passenger cars,
life cycle assessments are used in the evaluation and
comparison of different vehicles, components, and
technologies.
The DIN EN ISO 14040 and DIN EN ISO 14044 standards
prescribe the procedure and the required elements.
Figure 2-2: Overview of the Life Cycle Assessment
24 25

2.2.1 Data basis
The ECE basic variant is analysed in the Life Cycle
Assessment. The CLA 180 with manual transmission
(90 kW) served as the basic variant for the new
CLA-Class. The main parameters of the LCA are shown
in the table below.
Project objectives
Project objectives • Life Cycle Assessment of the new CLA-Class as the ECE basic variant with CLA 180 engine.
Project scope
• Verification of attainment of the objective “environmental compatibility” and communication.
Functional equivalent • CLA-Class passenger car (basic variant, weight in acc. with DIN 70020).
System boundaries • Life Cycle Assessment for car production, use and recycling.
• The scope of assessment is only to be extended in the case of elementary flows (resources, emissions, non-recyclable materials).
Data basis • Weight data of car: MB parts list (date of revision: 01/2013).
• Materials information for model-relevant, vehicle-specific parts:
MB parts list, MB internal documentation systems, IMDS, technical literature.
• Vehicle-specific model parameters (bodyshell, paintwork, catalytic converter, etc.): MB specialist departments.
• Location-specific energy supply: MB database.
• Materials information for standard components: MB database.
• Use (fuel consumption, emissions): type approval/certification data.
Use (mileage): MB specification.
• Recycling model: state of the art (also see Chapter 2.3.1).
• Material production, energy supply, manufacturing processes and transport:
GaBi database as at SP18 (http://documentation.gabi-software.com); MB database.
Allocations • For material production, energy supply, manufacturing processes, and transport, reference is made to GaBi databases
and the allocation methods they employ.
• No further specific allocations.
Table 2-1: Life Cycle Assessment basic conditions
The fuel has a sulphur content taken to be 10 ppm.
Combustion of one kilogram of fuel thus yields 0.02 grams
of sulphur dioxide emissions. The use phase is calculated
on the basis of a mileage of 160,000 kilometres.
Project scope (continued)
Cut-off criteria • For material production, energy supply, manufacturing processes, and transport, reference is made to GaBi databases
and the cut-off criteria they employ.
• No explicit cut-off criteria. All available weight information is processed.
• Noise and land use are currently not available as life cycle inventory data and are therefore not taken into account.
• “Fine dust” and particulate matter and emissions are not analysed. Major sources of particulate matter (mainly tyre and brake
abrasion) are not dependent on vehicle type. Vehicle care and maintenance are not relevant to the comparison.
Assessment • Life cycle, in conformity with ISO 14040 and 14044 (LCA).
Analysis parameters • • Material composition according to VDA 231-106.
• Life cycle inventory: consumption of resources as primary energy, emissions, e.g. CO 2 , CO, NOx, SO 2 , NMVOC, CH 4 , etc.
• Impact assessment: abiotic depletion potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP), photochemical ozone creation potential
(POCP), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP).
These impact assessment parameters are based on internationally accepted methods. They are modelled on categories
selected by the European automotive industry, with the participation of numerous stakeholders, in an EU project under the
name LIRECAR. The mapping of impact potentials for human toxicity and ecotoxicity does not yet have sufficient scientific
backing today and therefore will not deliver useful results.
• Interpretation: sensitivity analyses of car module structure; dominance analysis over life cycle.
Software support • MB DfE-Tool. This tool models a car with its typical structure and typical components, including their manufacture,
and is adapted with vehicle-specific data on materials and weights. It is based on the LCA software GaBi 4.4
(http://www.pe-international.com/gabi).
Evaluation • Analysis of lifecycle results according to phases (dominance). The manufacturing phase is evaluated based on the
underlying car module structure. Contributions of relevance to the results will be discussed.
Documentation • Final report with all basic conditions.
The LCA includes the environmental impact of the
recovery phase on the basis of the standard processes
of drying, shredding, and recovery of energy from the
shredder light fraction (SLF). Environmental credits are
not granted.
26 27

2.2.2 LCA results for the CLA 180
Over the entire life cycle of the CLA 180, the life cycle
inventory analysis yields for example a primary energy
consumption of 436 gigajoules (corresponding to the energy
content of around 13,350 litres of petrol), an environmental
input of approx. 30 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO 2),
around 16 kilograms of non-methane volatile organic
compounds (NMVOC), around 18 kilograms of nitrogen
oxides (NO x) and 28 kilograms of sulphur dioxide (SO 2). In
addition to an analysis of the overall results, the distribution
of individual environmental factors on the various
phases of the life cycle is investigated. The relevance of
the respective life cycle phases depends on the particular
environmental impact under consideration. For CO 2 emissions,
and likewise for primary energy consumption, the
use phase dominates with a share of 80 and 75 percent
respectively (see Figure 2-3/2-4).
CO2emissions [t/car]
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5.5
24.0
0.5
Production Use Recycling
POCP [kg ethene equiv.]
28 29
ADP fossil [GJ]
EP [kg phosphate equiv.]
AP [kg SO2-equiv.]
GWP100 [t CO2-equiv.]
CH4 [kg]
SO2 [kg]
NMVOC [kg]
NOX [kg]
CO [kg]
Primary energy demand [GJ]
Figure 2-3: Overall carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in tons Figure 2-4: Share of life cycle phases for selected parameters
However, it is not the use of the vehicle alone which
determines its environmental compatibility. Some environmentally
relevant emissions are caused principally
by manufacturing, for example SO 2 and NO x emissions
(see Figure 2-4). The production phase must therefore be
included in the analysis of ecological compatibility. It is
not actual operation, but rather fuel production which is
now the dominant factor for a variety of emissions, such
as NMVOC and NO x emissions, and for closely associated
environmental effects such as photochemical ozone creation
potential (POCP: summer smog, ozone) and acidification
potential (AP).
CO2 [t]
Car production Fuel production Operation Recycling
0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %
For comprehensive and thus sustainable improvement of
the environmental impacts associated with a vehicle, the
end-of-life phase must also be considered. In the interests
of energy efficiency it is expedient to use or initiate
recycling cycles. For a complete assessment, within each
life cycle phase all environmental inputs are accounted
for. In addition to the results presented above it has also
been determined, for example, that municipal waste and
tailings (first and foremost ore processing residues and
overburden) arise primarily from the production phase,
while special and hazardous waste is caused for the most
part by fuel production during the usage phase.
Environmental burdens in the form of emissions into water
result from vehicle manufacturing, in particular owing
to the output of heavy metals, NO 3- and SO 4 2- ions as well
as the factors AOX, BOD and COD.
To enable an assessment of the relevance of the respective
environmental impacts, the impact categories fossil
abiotic depletion potential (ADP), eutrophication potential
(EP), photochemical ozone creation potential (summer
smog, POCP), global warming potential (GWP) and acidification
potential (AP) are presented in normalised form for
the life cycle of the CLA 180.
8
397
4
45
31
37
28
16
18
52
436
30

8,00E-10
7,00E-10
6,00E-10
5,00E-10
4,00E-10
3,00E-10
2,00E-10
1,00E-10
0,00E-10
Figure 2-5: Normalised life cycle [–/car]
Normalisation involves assessing the LCA results in relation
to a higher-level reference system in order to obtain a
better understanding of the significance of each indicator
value. Europe served as the reference system here. The
total annual values for Europe (EU 25+3) were employed
for the purposes of normalisation, breaking down the
life cycle of the CLA 180 over one year. In relation to the
annual European values, the CLA 180 reveals the greatest
proportion for fossil ADP, followed by GWP (cf. Figure 2-5).
The relevance of these two impact categories on the basis
of EU 25 +3 is therefore greater than that of the remaining
impact categories examined. The proportion is the lowest
in eutrophication.
Recycling
Use
Production
ADP (fossil) EP POCP GWP AP
In addition to the analysis of overall results, the distribution
of selected environmental effects on the production
of individual modules is investigated. Figure 2-6 shows by
way of example the percentage distribution of carbon dioxide
and sulphur dioxide emissions for different modules.
While bodyshell manufacturing features predominantly
in terms of carbon dioxide emissions, due to the mass
share, when it comes to sulphur dioxide it is modules
with precious and non-ferrous metals and glass that are of
greater relevance, since these give rise to high emissions
of sulphur dioxide in material production.
Total vehicle (painting)
Passenger cell/bodyshell
0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 %
Emissions for car production [%]
30 31
Flaps/wings
Doors
Cockpit
Mounted external parts
Mounted internal parts
Seats
Electrics/electronics
Tyres
Operation of the vehicle
Fuel system
Hydraulics
Engine/transmission periphery
Engine
Transmission
Steering
Front axle
Rear axle
Figure 2-6: Distribution of selected parameters (CO2 and SO2) to modules
CO2 [%]
SO2 [%]
New CLA-Class
Production overall
CO 2 5.5 t
SO 2 14.2 kg

1000
800
600
400
200
0
Bauxite
[kg]
Iron ore
[kg]**
Mixed ores
[kg]*/**
* Above all for extraction of the elements lead, copper and zinc
**In the form of ore concentrate
Material resources [kg/car] Energy resources [GJ/car]
Figure 2-7: Consumption of selected material and energy resources [units/car]
Figure 2-7 shows the consumption of relevant material
and energy resources. When it comes to the demand
for material resources, such as iron ore and bauxite,
car production dominates. However, energy resources
(particularly crude oil) are consumed predominantly
in the use phase.
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Lignite
[GJ]
Hard coal
[GJ]
Crude oil
[GJ]
Natural gas
[GJ]
Uranium
[GJ]
Renewable
energy
resources
[GJ]
Tables 2-2 and 2-3 present an overview of further LCA
parameters. The lines with grey shading indicate superordinate
impact categories; they group together emissions
with the same effects and quantify their contribution to
the respective impacts over a characterisation factor, e.g.
contribution to global warming potential in kilograms of
CO 2 equivalent.
32 33
Input parameters
Resources, ores New CLA-Class Comments
Bauxite [kg] 439 Aluminium production.
Dolomite [kg] 1 Magnesium production.
Iron ore [kg]** 743 Steel production.
Mixed ores (esp. Cu, Pb, Zn) [kg]** 83 esp. electrics (cable harnesses, battery) and zinc.
Rare earth ores/precious metal ores [kg]** 0.9 Engine/transmission peripherals (catalytic converter load).
Energy sources
ADP fossil* [GJ] 397 esp. fuel consumption.
Primary energy [GJ]
Proportionately
436 Approx. 75 % due to usage.
Lignite [GJ] 9.9 Approx. 84 % due to car production.
Natural gas [GJ] 49 Approx. 47 % due to usage.
Crude oil [GJ] 321 Approx. 93 % due to usage.
Hard coal [GJ] 28 Approx. 94 % due to car production.
Uranium [GJ] 18 Approx. 86 % due to car production.
Renewable energy resources [GJ]
Table 2-2: Overview of LCA parameters (I)
9.7 Approx. 82 % due to car production.
Output parameters
Emissions into air New CLA-Class Comments
GWP* [t CO2 equiv.] 31 esp. due to CO2 emissions.
AP* [kg SO2 equiv.] 45 esp. due to SO2 emissions.
EP* [kg phosphate equiv.] 4 esp. due to NOX emissions.
POCP* [kg ethene equiv.] 8 esp. due to NMVOC emissions.
CO2 [t] 30 esp. due to driving operation.
CO [kg] 52 Around 62 % due to car production.
NMVOC [kg] 16 Around 73 % due to use, of which approx. 39 % driving operation.
CH4 [kg] 37 Around 33 % due to car production. The remainder esp. due to fuel production.
Driving operation accounts for only around 2 %.
NOX [kg] 18 Around 52 % due to car production. The remainder due to car use.
Driving operation accounts for approx. 12 % of total nitrogen oxide emissions.
SO2 [kg] 28 Due to car and fuel production in roughly equal amounts.
Emissions into water
BSB [kg] 0.3 Approx. 77 % due to car production.
Hydrocarbons [kg] 0.2 Approx. 73 % due to use.
NO3 - [g] 1042 Approx. 59 % due to use.
PO4 3- [g] 24 Approx. 55 % due to use.
SO4 2- [kg] 14 Approx. 50 % due to production.
Table 2-3: Overview of LCA parameters (II)
* CML 2001, date of revision: November 2009
** In the form of ore concentrate

2.3 Design for recovery
With the adoption of the European ELV Directive (2000/53/EC) on 18 September 2000,
the conditions for recovery of end-of-life vehicles were revised.
The aims of this directive are to avoid vehicle-related
waste and encourage the take-back, reuse and recycling
of vehicles and their components. The resulting requirements
for the automotive industry are as follows:
• Establishment of systems for collection of end-of-life
vehicles (ELVs) and used parts from repairs.
• Achievement of an overall recovery rate of 95 percent
by weight by 01.01.2015 at the latest.
• Evidence of compliance with the recycling rate
as part of type approval for new passenger cars as of
December 2008.
• Take-back of all ELVs free of charge
from January 2007.
• Provision of dismantling information to
ELV recyclers within six months of market launch.
• Prohibition of lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury
and cadmium, taking into account the exceptions in
Annex II.
The CLA-Class already meets the recovery rate of
95 percent by weight, effective 01.01.2015.
• End-of-life vehicles have been taken back by Mercedes-Benz
free of charge since January 2007.
• Heavy metals such as lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury
or cadmium have been eliminated in accordance with the
requirements of the ELV Directive.
• Mercedes-Benz already currently has a highly
efficient take-back and recycling network.
• By reselling certified used parts,
the Mercedes Used Parts Center makes an important
contribution to the recycling concept.
• As early as the development phase of the CLA-Class,
attention was paid to separation and ease of dismantling
of relevant thermoplastic components.
• Detailed dismantling information is available to all
ELV recyclers in electronic form via the
International Dismantling Information System (IDIS).
34
35

2.3.1 Recycling concept for the new CLA-Class
The calculation procedure is regulated in ISO standard 22628,
“Road vehicles – Recyclability and recoverability – calculation method”.
The calculation model reflects the real ELV recycling
process and is divided into four stages:
1. Pre-treatment (removal of all service fluids, tyres, the
battery and catalytic converters, ignition of airbags).
2. Dismantling (removal of replacement parts and/or
components for material recycling).
3. Separation of metals in the shredder process.
4. Treatment of non-metallic residual fraction
(shredder light fraction – SLF).
The recycling concept for the CLA-Class was devised in
parallel with development of the vehicle; the individual
components and materials were analysed for each stage
of the process. The volume flow rates established for each
stage together yield the recycling and recovery rates
for the entire vehicle. With the process chain described
below, overall a material recyclability rate of 85 percent
and a recoverability rate of 95 percent were verified on
the basis of the ISO 22628 calculation model for the new
CLA-Class as part of the vehicle type approval process
(see Figure 2-8).
At the ELV recycler’s premises, the fluids, battery, oil
filter, tyres, and catalytic converters are removed as part
of the pre-treatment process. The airbags are triggered
with a device that is standardised among all European car
manufacturers. During dismantling, the prescribed parts
are first removed according to the European ELV Directive.
To improve recycling, numerous components and assemblies
are then removed and are sold directly as used spare
parts or serve as a basis for the manufacturing of replacement
parts.
In addition to used parts, materials that can be recycled
using economically appropriate procedures are selectively
removed in the vehicle dismantling process. These include
components of aluminium and copper as well as selected
large plastic components.
During the development of the CLA-Class, these components
were specifically prepared for subsequent recycling.
In addition to material purity, attention was also paid to
ease of dismantling of relevant thermoplastic components
such as bumpers, wheel arch linings, outer sills, underfloor
panelling and engine compartment coverings.
R = (m +m +m +m )/m x 100 > 85 percent
cyc P D M Tr V
R = R + m /m x 100 > 95 percent
cov cyc Te V
Figure 2-8: Material flows in the CLA-Class recycling concept
In addition, all plastic parts are marked in accordance
with international nomenclature. In the subsequent shredding
of the residual body, the metals are first separated for
recycling in the raw material production processes. The
largely organic remaining portion is separated into different
fractions for environment-friendly treatment in raw
material or energy recovery processes.
ELV recycler Shredder operators
1) in acc. with 2000/53/EC
2) SLF = shredder light fraction
36 37
Vehicle mass: m V
Pre-treatment: m P
Fluids
Battery
Tires
Airbags
Catalytic converters
Oil filter
Dismantling: m D
Prescribed parts 1 ),
Components for
recovery
and recycling
Segregation
of metals: m M
Residual metal
SLF 2 ) treatment
m Tr = recycling
m Te = energy recovery

2.3.2 Dismantling information
Dismantling information plays an important role for ELV
recyclers when it comes to implementing the recycling concept.
Figure 2-9: Screenshot of the IDIS software
For the CLA-Class too, all necessary information is provided
in electronic form via the International Dismantling
Information System (IDIS).This IDIS software provides
vehicle information for ELV recyclers, on the basis of
which vehicles can be subjected to environmentally
friendly pretreatment and recycling techniques at the
end of their operating lives.
The system presents model-specific data both graphically
and in text form. In pre-treatment, specific information is
provided on service fluids and pyrotechnic components. In
the other areas, material-specific information is provided
for the identification of non-metallic components.
The current version (January 2013) covers 843 models and
1753 variants from 75 car brands. The IDIS data are made
available to ELV recyclers and incorporated into the software
six months after the respective market launch.
2.3.3 Avoidance of potentially hazardous materials
The avoidance of hazardous substances is a matter of top
priority in the development, manufacturing, use, and
recycling of Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
For the protection of humans and the environment,
substances and substance classes whose presence is not
permitted in materials or components of Mercedes-Benz
passenger cars have been listed in our internal standard
(DBL 8585) since 1996. This standard is already made
available to the designers and materials experts at the
advanced development stage for both the selection of
materials and the definition of manufacturing processes.
The continual reduction of interior emissions
is a key aspect of the development of components
and materials for Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
The heavy metals lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent
chromium, which are prohibited by the ELV Directive of
the EU, are also included here. To ensure compliance with
the ban on heavy metals in accordance with the legal
requirements, Mercedes-Benz has modified and adapted
numerous processes and requirements both internally
and with suppliers.
The new CLA-Class complies with valid regulations. For
example, lead-free elastomers are used in the drive system,
along with lead-free pyrotechnic initiators, cadmiumfree
thick film pastes, and surfaces free of hexavalent
chromium in the interior, exterior, and assemblies.
Materials used for components in the passenger compartment
and boot are also subject to emission limits that are
likewise laid down in the DBL 8585 standard as well as in
delivery conditions for the various components. The continual
reduction of interior emissions is a major aspect of
component and material development for Mercedes-Benz
vehicles.
38 39

2.4 Use of secondary raw materials
In the CLA-Class, 42 components with an overall weight
of 30.8 kilograms can be manufactured partly from highquality
recycled plastics.
• These include wheel arch linings and underbody panelling.
• Wherever possible, secondary raw materials are derived
from vehicle-related waste streams: The wheel arch
linings are made from reprocessed starter batteries and
bumper coverings. Waste products from the production of
dashboards are reprocessed to produce the battery holders.
Component CLA-Class
weight in kg 30.8
In addition to the requirements for attainment of
recycling rates, manufacturers are obliged by Article 4,
Paragraph 1 (c) of the European ELV Directive 2000/53/EC
to make increased use of recycled materials in vehicle production
and thereby to establish or extend the markets for
recycled materials. To comply with these stipulations, the
specifications books for new Mercedes models prescribe
continuous increases in the share of the secondary raw
materials used in car models.
The main focus of the recycled material research accompanying
vehicle development is on thermoplastics. In
contrast to steel and ferrous materials, to which secondary
materials are already added at the raw material stage, recycled
plastics must be subjected to a separate testing and
approval process for the relevant component. Accordingly,
details of the use of secondary raw materials in passenger
cars are only documented for thermoplastic components,
as only this aspect can be influenced during development.
The quality and functionality requirements placed on a
component must be met both with secondary raw materials
and with comparable new materials. To safeguard passenger
car production even when shortages are encountered
on the recycled materials market, new materials
may also be used as an option.
In the CLA-Class, 42 components with an overall weight
of 30.8 kilograms can be manufactured partly from highquality
recycled plastics. Typical areas of use are wheel
arch linings and underbody panels, which consist for
the most part of polypropylene. Figure 2-10 shows the
components for which the use of secondary raw materials
is approved.
A further objective is to obtain secondary raw materials
wherever possible from vehicle-related waste flows, so as
to achieve closed cycles. To this end, established processes
are applied for the CLA-Class. A secondary raw material
comprised of reprocessed starter batteries and bumper
panelling is used for the wheel arch linings, for example.
The process for manufacturing battery holders is new and
being used in this class for the first time at Mercedes-
Benz. Waste products from the production of dashboards
are reprocessed so that the high-quality plastic can be
recuperated. This is then processed further in the MuCell ®
(Micro Cellular Foam Injection Moulding) procedure,
which is where the finest of gas bubbles are worked into
the plastic, causing its density and consequently the
weight of the components produced from it to be reduced.
Figure 2-10: Use of secondary raw materials in the new CLA-Class
Figure 2-11: Use of secondary raw materials, taking the wheel arch lining as an
example (ashere in the current B-Class).
As a result the advantages for the environment are twofold,
through the use of the recycled plastic and through
the reduction of weight.
40 41

2.5 Use of renewable raw materials
Component CLA-Class
weight in kg 19
In automotive production, the use of renewable raw
materials is concentrated primarily in the vehicle interior.
Conventional natural materials such as coconut, cellulose
and wood fibres, wool and natural rubber are also used
as standard in the CLA-Class, of course. The use of these
natural materials gives rise to a whole range of advantages
in automotive production:
• Compared with glass fibre, natural fibres normally
result in a reduced component weight.
• Renewable raw materials help to reduce the con-
sumption of fossil resources such as coal, natural gas
and crude oil.
• They can be processed by means of conventional
technologies. The resulting products are generally
readily recyclable.
• If recycled in the form of energy they have an almost
neutral CO 2 balance, as only as much CO 2 is released
as the plant absorbed during its growth.
In the CLA-Class, a total of 16 components with a combined
weight of 19 kg are produced using natural materials.
Figure 2-12 shows the components in the new CLA-
Class which are produced using renewable raw materials.
Raw material Use
Wood Base for door panelling
Coconut fibres, wool Padding for driver’s and
and natural rubber front passenger’s backrest
Wool Needlefelt for insulating materials
Cellulose, wood Filters, activated charcoal filter
Paper honeycomb Boot floor
Biopolyamide Engine cover (petrol engine M 270)
Table 2-4: Application fields for renewable raw materials
A biopolymer is used for the engine cover of the new
Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class (petrol engine M 270).
The polyamide employed in the production of the engine
cover for the CLA-Class consists of around 70 % vegetable
raw materials. These are obtained from the seeds of the
castor-oil plant. This biopolyamide does not have to be produced
from crude oil by means of a complicated process,
but can be processed just as effectively as polyamides
based solely on mineral oil. Carbon dioxide from fossil
sources arises here solely during production and processing
of the plastic. These processes are identical to those
relating to conventional plastics.
As Figure 2-13 shows, production of an CLA-Class engine
cover from this biopolyamide results in only around
40% of the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions which
would be necessary in order to produce the same component
from a conventional polyamide. The difference per
component amounts to around 6.5 kg of carbon dioxide
emissions. In this way, this technology makes a significant
contribution towards climate protection.
Figure 2-12: Components produced using renewable raw materials in the CLA-Class
42 43
Carbon dioxide emissions [kg/component]
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Conventional
engine cover
n Production of
biopolyamide
n Production of
conventional polyamide
n Production of
components and fillers
Engine cover
made of biopolyamide
Figure 2-13: Comparison of carbon dioxide emissions when producing a
CLA-Class engine cover using a biopolyamide as opposed to a conventional
polyamide.
Biopolymers are plastics which are produced in part from vegetable-based
raw materials rather than solely from mineral oil. As they grow, plants absorb
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere and store it in the form of carbon
compounds. In contrast to mineral oil-based plastics, biopolymers thus consist
primarily of atmospheric carbon.

3 Process documentation
Reducing the environmental impact of a vehicle’s emissions
and resource consumption throughout its life cycle
is crucial to improving its environmental performance.
The environmental burden of a product is already largely
determined in the early development phase; subsequent
corrections to product design can only be implemented at
great expense. The earlier sustainable product development
(“Design for Environment”) is integrated into the
development process, the greater the benefits in terms of
minimised environmental impact and cost. Process and
product-integrated environmental protection must be realised
in the development phase of a product. The environmental
burden can often only be reduced at a later date by
means of downstream “end-of-pipe” measures..
“We strive to develop products that are highly responsible
to the environment in their respective market segments”
– this is the second Environmental Guideline of the
Daimler Group. Its realisation requires incorporating environmental
protection into products from the very start.
Ensuring that this happens is the task of environmentally
acceptable product development. Comprehensive vehicle
concepts are devised in accordance with the “Design for
Environment” (DfE) principle. The aim is to improve environmental
performance in objectively measurable terms
and, at the same time, to meet the demands of the growing
number of customers with an eye for environmental
issues such as fuel economy and reduced emissions or the
use of environmentally friendly materials.
Focus on “Design for Environment”
• Sustainable product development
(“Design for Environment”, DfE), was integrated into
the development process for the CLA-Class
from the outset. This minimises environmental impact
and costs.
• In development, a “DfE” team ensures compliance with
the secured environmental objectives.
• The “DfE” team comprises specialists from a wide range
of fields, e.g. Life Cycle Assessment, dismantling and
recycling planning, materials and process engineering,
and design and production.
• Integration of “DfE” into the development process has
ensured that environmental aspects were included in all
stages of development.
In organisational terms, responsibility for improving environmental
performance was an integral part of the development
project for the CLA-Class. Under the overall level
of project management, employees are appointed with
responsibility for development, production, purchasing,
44
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sales, and further fields of activity. Development teams
(e.g. bodyshell, drive system, interior) and cross-functional
teams (e.g. quality management, project management) are
appointed in accordance with the most important automotive
components and functions.
One such cross-functional group is known as the DfE team,
consisting of experts from the fields of Life Cycle Assessment,
dismantling and recycling planning, materials and
process engineering, and design and production. Members
of the DfE team are also incorporated in a development
team, in which they are responsible for all environmental
issues and tasks; this ensures complete integration of
the DfE process into the vehicle development project. The
members have the task of defining and monitoring the
environmental objectives in the technical specifications
for the various vehicle modules at an early stage, and of
deriving improvement measures where necessary.
The integration of Design for Environment into the
operational structure of the development project for the
CLA-Class ensured that environmental aspects were not
sought only at the time of launch, but were included in the
earliest stages of development. The targets were coordinat-
In the case of the new Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class, environmental aspects were
systematically taken into account at the earliest development stage.
ed in good time and reviewed in the development process
in accordance with the quality gates. Requirements for
further action up to the next quality gate are determined
by the interim results, and the measures are implemented
in the development teams.
The process carried out for the CLA-Class meets all the
criteria for the integration of environmental aspects into
product development which are described in ISO standard
TR 14062.
Over and above this, in order to implement environmentally
compatible product development in a systematic and
controllable manner, integration into the higher-level ISO
14001 and ISO 9001 environmental and quality management
systems is also necessary. The international ISO
14006 standard published in 2011 describes the prerequisite
processes and correlations.
Mercedes-Benz already meets the requirements of the
new ISO 14006 in full. This was confirmed for the first
time by the independent appraisers from the South German
Technical Inspection Authority (TÜV SÜD Management
GmbH) in 2012.
Figure 3-1: “Design for Environment” activities at Mercedes-Benz
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4
CERTIFICATE
The Certification Body
of TÜV SÜD Management Service GmbH
certifies that
Daimler AG
Group Research & Mercedes-Benz Cars Development
D-71059 Sindelfingen
for the scope
Development of Passenger Vehicles
has implemented and applies an Environmental Management System
with particular focus on ecodesign.
Evidence of compliance to
ISO 14001:2004
with ISO 14006:2011 and ISO/TR 14062:2002
was provided in an audit, report No. 70014947, demonstrating that
the entire product life cycle is considered in a multidisciplinary approach when
integrating environmental aspects in product design and development.
Results are verified by means of Life Cycle Assessments.
The certificate is valid until 2015-12-06, Registration-No. 12 770 13407 TMS
with reference to the certificate ISO 14001:2004 of Daimler AG,
Mercedes-Benz Werk Sindelfingen (Registration-No. 12 104 13407 TMS).
Munich, 2012-12-07
5 Conclusion
The new Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class not only meets the highest demands in terms of safety, comfort,
agility, and design, but also fulfils all current requirements regarding environmental compatibility.
Mercedes-Benz is the world’s first automotive manufacturer to have held the Environmental Certificate in
accordance with the ISO TR 14062 standard since 2005. Over and above this, since 2012 the requirements of the
new ISO 14006 standard relating to the integration of environmentally acceptable product development into the
higher-level environmental and quality management systems have been met, as also confirmed by
TÜV SÜD Management Service GmbH.
The Environmental Certificate documents the results for evaluating the environmental
compatibility of the new CLA-Class. Both the process of environmentally compatible
product development and the product information contained herein have been certified
by independent experts in accordance with internationally recognised standards.
Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class customers benefit from low fuel consumption,
low emissions and a comprehensive recycling concept, among other
things. Furthermore, a high percentage of the materials used are
high-quality recycled materials and renewable raw materials.
The CLA-Class therefore boasts an exemplary
Life Cycle Assessment.
48 49

6 Glossary
Term Explanation
ADP Abiotic depletion potential (abiotic = non-living); impact category describing the reduction of
the global stock of raw materials resulting from the extraction of non-renewable resources.
Allocation Distribution of material and energy flows in processes with several inputs and outputs, and
assignment of the input and output flows of a process to the investigated product system.
AOX Adsorbable organically bound halogens; sum parameter used in chemical analysis mainly
to assess water and sewage sludge. The sum of the organic halogens which can be adsorbed
by activated charcoal is determined; these include chlorine, bromine and iodine compounds.
AP Acidification potential; impact category expressing the potential for milieu changes in
eco-systems due to the input of acids.
Base variant Basic version of a vehicle model without optional equipment, generally Classic line and
small engine variant.
BSB Biological oxygen demand; taken as measure of the pollution of waste water,
waters with organic substances (to assess water quality).
CSB Chemical oxygen demand; used in the assessment of water quality as a measure of the
pollution of waste water and waters with organic substances.
DIN German Institute for Standardisation (Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.)
ECE Economic Commission for Europe; the UN organisation in which standardised technical
regulations are developed.
EP Eutrophication potential (overfertilisation potential); impact category expressing the
potential for oversaturation of a biological system with essential nutrients.
GWP100 Global warming potential, time horizon 100 years; impact category describing the possible
contribution to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect.
HC Hydrocarbons
IDIS International Dismantling Information System
(internationales Demontage-Informationssystem)
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
IMDS International Material Data System
Impact categories Classes of effects on the environment in which resource consumptions and various
emissions with the same environmental effect (such as global warming,
acidification, etc.) are grouped together.
KBA Federal Motor Transport Authority (Kraftfahrtbundesamt)
LCA Life Cycle Assessment Compilation and evaluation of input and output flows and of
the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life.
MB Mercedes-Benz
NEDC New European Driving Cycle; cycle used to establish the emissions
and fuel consumption of motor vehicles since 1996 in Europe; prescribed by law.
NF metal Non-ferrous metal (aluminium, lead, copper, magnesium, nickel, zinc etc.)
NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMHC Non-methane hydrocarbons)
POCP Photochemical ozone creation potential (summer smog); impact category
describing the formation of photooxidants (summer smog).
Primary energy Energy not yet subjected to anthropogenic conversion
Process polymers Term from VDA materials data sheet 231-106; the material group “process polymers”
comprises paints, adhesives, sealants, protective undercoats
SLF Shredder Light Fraction; non-metallic substances remaining after shredding
as part of a process of separation and cleaning.
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Imprint
Publisher:
Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz Cars,
D-70546 Stuttgart
Mercedes-Benz Technology Center,
D-71059 Sindelfingen
Department: Design for Environment (GR/PZU)
in cooperation with
Global Communications Mercedes-Benz Cars (COM/MBC)
Tel. no.: +49 711 17-76422
www.mercedes-benz.com
Descriptions and details quoted in this publication apply to the Mercedes-Benz international model range.
Differences relating to basic and optional equipment, engine options, technical specifications and
performance data are possible in other countries.
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54
Daimler AG, Global Communications Mercedes-Benz Cars, Stuttgart (Germany), www.mercedes-benz.com