41-42/I – Archeology - Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a Transilvaniei

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32 Gheorghe GâŃă, Alexandru Dragoman
Vitalie Bârcă OBSERVATIONS ON THE SITUATION IN THE NORTH-PONTIC REGION IN THE III rd CENTURY B.C. One of the main issues that have attracted the specialists’ attention over the last two centuries is the one examining not only the causes of Scythia’s quick fall, but also the fall of most of the Greek and the indigenous population’s rural settlements and the transformation of the entire system of relationships between the Greeks and the Barbarians. The opinion of M. I. Rostovcev took root until not long ago in the specialty literature. Detaching itself from his predecessors’ hypotheses 1 and relying on the accounts of Diodor of Sicily (II, 43, 7), he considered that the Sarmatians were responsible to the largest extent for the decline and fall of Scythia, as they crossed the Don river and entered Scythia at the end of the IV th century B.C. or the beginning of the III rd century B.C. 2 . There are presently four viewpoints in contemporary historiography that explain the causes of the events in the first half of the III rd century B.C. The first opinion blames this phenomenon, at least for the north-western part of the Black Sea, on the incursions of the Celts-Galatians 3 . According to the second viewpoint, the causes must not be searched for in the political-military sphere, but in the rapid change of natural and climate 1 In connection with these opinions, see S. V. Polin, Ot Skifii k Sarmatii, Kiev 1992, p. 7-32. 2 M. I. Rostovcev, Amaga i Tirgatao, ZOOID, 1915, p. 60 sqq.; idem, Ellinstvo i iranstvo na juge Rossij, Petrograd 1918, p. 43, 127 sq.; M. Rostovtzeff, Iranians and Greeks in South Russia, Oxford 1922, p. 85, 139; M. Rostowzew, Skythien und der Bosporus, Berlin 1931, p. 405, 605. The hypotheses of his predecessors (V. N. Tatiščev, N. M. Karamzin, P. I. Šafarik, I. E. Zabelin, V. V. Latyšev etc.) and his ideas, further developed by his followers (Ju. V. Got’e, B. N. Grakov, D. A. Mačinskij, P. O. Karyškovskij, A. N. Šeglov, K. F. Smirnov, V. I. Kostenko, V. E. Maximenko) are exposed by S. V. Polin (S. V. Polin, op. cit., p. 7-32). Among the latest works published, see K. K. Marčenko, Tretij period stabilizacii v Severnom Pričernomor’’e antičnoj epohi, SA 1, 1996, p. 70-80; Ju. A. Vinogradov, K. K. Marčenko, E. Ja. Rogov, Sarmaty i gibel’ “Velikoj Skifii”, VDI 3, 1997, p. 93-103; Ju. G. Vinogradov, Hersonesskij dekrat o “Nesenie Dionisa” IOSPE I 2 343 i vtorženie sarmatov v Skifiju, VDI 3, 1997, p. 104- 124; V. E. Maximenko, Sarmaty na Donu (arheologija i problemy etničeskoj istorii) (= Donskie drevnosti, 6), Azov 1998, p. 74 sqq. 3 V. V. Ruban, Problemy istoričeskogo razvitija ol'vijskoj hory IV-III vv.do n. e., VDI 1, 1985, p. 43-44; idem, Osnovnye etapy prostranstvennogo razvitija Ol’vijskogo polisa (dogetskoe vremja), Avtoreferat disertacii na soiskanie učenoj stepeni kandidata istoričeskih nauk, Kiev 1989, p. 19; V. P. Jajlenko, Ol’vija i Bospor v ellinističeskuju epohu, Ellinizm: ekonomika, politika, kul’tura, Moskva 1990, p. 274 sq. The internal problems of the population living in the steppes between the Danube and the Dnepr are explained through the Celto-Galatians’ unfriendly actions by I. Brujako (I. Brujako, Despre evenimentele din sec. III a. Chr. în nord-vestul Mării Negre (patru concepŃii despre criză), Istros, 1997, p. 71-73, 77; idem, Ot dioramy k panorame (O perspectivah na puti rešenija problemy severopontijskogo krizisa III v. do r. H.), Stratum 3, 1999, p. 325-332). Furthermore, Ju. A. Vinogradov, K. K. Marčenko, E. Ja. Rogov, op. cit. (n. 2), p. 94, 102 do not reject the possibility of the Celts’ involvement in the events that occurred in the first half of the III rd century B.C. in the lower Bug and Dnestr area. The supporters of this opinion consider the Celts to have invaded the Balkans after the death of Lysimachos and constituted the Celtic kingdom in the eastern part of the peninsula (Polybios IV, 45-46; VIII, 22), having its capital in the not-yetidentified city of Tylis (cf. for this kingdom A. Popescu, Raporturile dintre regatul celtic de la Tylis coloniile greceşti de pe Ńărmul apusean al Mării Negre, AUB, ŞtiinŃe Sociale series (History) 5, 1956, p. 25-44; G. Mihailov, La Thrace aux IV e -III e siècles avant notre ère, Athenaeum 39, 1961, p. 33-44; P. O. Karyškovskij, Istrija i eo sosedi na rubeže III-II vv. do n. e., VDI 2, 1971, p. 36-56; M. Domaradski, L’état des Celtes en Thrace avec la capitale Tylis et en Asie Mineure – Galatie, Pulpudeva 3, 1980, p. 52-56). The spread and boundaries of this kingdom are still incompletely known at present.
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Page 5 and 6: Gheorghe GâŃă, Alexandru Dragoma
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PLACES OF WORSHIP IN FORTS 105 Petr
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Irina Nemeti, Sorin Nemeti PLANETS,
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PLANETS, GRADES AND SOTERIOLOGY IN
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fig. 1 PLANETS, GRADES AND SOTERIOL
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IoniŃă-Augustin Petiş THE CENTUR
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THE CENTURIONS’ PROMOTION SYSTEM.
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Ovidiu łentea AUXILIA COMMAGENORUM
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AUXILIA COMMAGENORUM IN DACIA 143 I
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AUXILIA COMMAGENORUM IN DACIA 145 o
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AUXILIA COMMAGENORUM IN DACIA 147 a
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AUXILIA COMMAGENORUM IN DACIA 157 D
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AUXILIA COMMAGENORUM IN DACIA 159 P
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Paul Franzen, Alexandru V. Matei, F
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Ioan Piso UN NOUVEAU CONDUCTOR SALI
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UN NOUVEAU CONDUCTOR SALINARUM EN D
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Ioan Piso STUDIA POROLISSENSIA (II)
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STUDIA POROLISSENSIA (II) 185 [ara]
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STUDIA POROLISSENSIA (II) 187 Namen
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Radu Ardevan ENCORE UNE INSCRIPTION
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ENCORE UNE INSCRIPTION RÉUTILISÉE
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ENCORE UNE INSCRIPTION RÉUTILISÉE
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Viorica Rusu-BolindeŃ NEW DATA ON
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TERRA SIGILLATA WORKSHOPS LATE ITAL
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NO. CATALOGUE SGILLATA TYPE POTTER/
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Cornel Mărcuş, Radu Zăgreanu NEW
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Franz Humer, Cristian Găzdac THE H
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Mint/Issuer Diocletianus Maximianus
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Andrei Măgureanu, Bogdan Ciupercă
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THE 6 th - 8 th CENTURIES METALLURG
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ABBREVIATIONS - ABKÜRZUNGEN - ABR
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ABBREVIATIONS - ABKÜRZUNGEN - ABR
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41-42/I – Archeology - Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a Transilvaniei

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