The Interaction Between A Flighted Steel Pipe Pile and Frozen Sand

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Table of Contents Page Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i . . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii ... Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Statement of Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Thesis Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Permafrost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Frozen Soil Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.5 Strength and Creep Charactenstics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 1 1 1.6 Thermal S yphons and Thermal Piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14 2. Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.1 Straight Shafi Piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2.1.1 Introduction 19 2.1.2 Piles in Frozen Soi1 20 2.2 Piles with Shd Protrusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 2.2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 -2 Shaped Piles in Unfiozen Soi1 28 2.2.3 Shaped Piles in Rock 4 1 2.2.4 Shaped Piles in Frozen Soi1 44 2.2.4.1 Surface Roughness of Piles in Frozen Soi1 44 2.2.4.2 Lugs and Rings on Piles in Frozen Soi1 49 2.2.4.3 Continuous Flights on Piles in Frozen Soi1 56 2.2.4.4 Load Transfer of Fiighted Piles in Frozen Soi1 59 33 Hypothesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . -63
Table of Contents (Continued) Page 3 . Experirnental Study ................................ 64 3.1 Test Setup ................................ -64 3.1 . 1 Introduction 64 3.1.2 Cold Room Test Pit 65 3.1.3 Test Pit Sand 67 3.1.4 Pile Segment 69 3.1.5 Pile installation 73 3.1.6 Load-Test Apparatus 76 3.2 Procedure ................................. 79 3.2.1 Procedures for Freezhg the Sand 79 3.2.2 Loading Procedure 80 3.2.3 Udoading Procedure 81 3.3 Results .................................. 82 3.3.1 3.3.2 Pile Load Application No . 1 Pile Load Application No . 2 82 87 3.3.3 Frozen Soi1 Properties 92 3.3.4 Examination of Pile Segment 93 4 . Analysis of Results . ................................ 99 4.1 Introduction .............................. -99 4.2 Moment Distribution on Flighting .................... -99 4.3 Pressure Distribution on Fiighting .................... 105 4.4 Adfieeze/Friction ............................ 113 4.5 Separation of Transfer Mechanisms ................... 119 4.6 Discussion of Transfer of Load ..................... 120 5 . Conclusions and Recommendations ....................... L23 5.1 Conclusions ............................... 123 5.2 Recommendations for Further Study .................. 124 ..................................... Bibliography 127 Appendix A : Experimental Test Results ....................... A-1 Appendix B : Calculations for Analysis ........................ B- 1 Appendix C : Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C- 1
Page 1 and 2: The Interaction Between A Flighted
Page 3 and 4: THE UNLVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY
Page 5: Acknowledgements Firstly, I would l
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures ( Continued ) Desig
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures ( Continued ) Desig
Page 13 and 14: omenclature Explanation ( Units wbe
Page 15 and 16: menclature ( Continued ) CI) Refere
Page 17 and 18: is underscored by the statement £t
Page 19 and 20: LEGEND le] Continuous Permafrost V7
Page 22 and 23: Mean Annual O'C Surface Temperature
Page 24 and 25: of successive electrical double lay
Page 26 and 27: orientation of ice crystals) ice an
Page 28 and 29: Mean Effective Diameter (mm) Figure
Page 30 and 31: during warm weather can be reduced
Page 32 and 33: Mechanical interaction and friction
Page 34 and 35: 2. Literature Review 2.1 Straight S
Page 36 and 37: instantaneous Adfreeze Shear Stress
Page 38 and 39: ground surface. This load transfer
Page 40 and 41: doubled the adfreeze strength ai th
Page 42 and 43: Roggensack and Morgenstern (1978) f
Page 44 and 45: ase, tapered, and comgated piles, a
Page 46 and 47: of the flighting, and the effect of
Page 48 and 49: Figure 2-4: Laad versus Settlement
Page 50 and 51: A theoreticai analysis was performe
Page 52 and 53: Earlier research by Irsyarn and Hry
Page 55 and 56: Ottawa 20-30 DENSE 7 LOOSE\ Ottawa
Page 57 and 58:
Under-reaming and belling of compre
Page 59 and 60:
2.2.4 Shaped Piles in Frozen Soil S
Page 61 and 62:
to horizontal rings which concentra
Page 63 and 64:
lateral pressures between pile and
Page 65 and 66:
confirmed that Ioad transfer was a
Page 67 and 68:
lugged or flighted piles is approxi
Page 69 and 70:
Afreeze Bond Reduced by a Crease Co
Page 71 and 72:
A O Modal Steel Pile (9.5 mm) uith
Page 73 and 74:
t"'] ..- Flight Figure 2-18: Failur
Page 75 and 76:
Principally, there are three possib
Page 77 and 78:
interaction and friction only. Sinc
Page 79 and 80:
3. Experimental Study 3.1 Test Setu
Page 81 and 82:
The configuration of the cold room
Page 83 and 84:
Fine Sand r Sand Medium+l #200 #IO0
Page 85 and 86:
y InterTechnology Inc. and designat
Page 87 and 88:
shown schernatically in Figure 3-5.
Page 89 and 90:
The pile segment was installeâ in
Page 91 and 92:
A 168.9 mm diameter load-transfer r
Page 93 and 94:
diameter of the pile segment. This
Page 95 and 96:
and above to achieve a unifom tempe
Page 97 and 98:
3.3 Results 3.3.1 Pile Load Applica
Page 99 and 100:
versus Time), 3-9 (Head Displacemen
Page 101 and 102:
Applied Load OcN) Figure 3-10: Hud
Page 103 and 104:
As before, the pile segment display
Page 105 and 106:
-LWT + Dial Gauge Figure 3-13: Head
Page 107 and 108:
4 Room Air Temperature-- - ----- --
Page 110 and 111:
Once sampling of the in-situ frozen
Page 112 and 113:
Table 2 : Deformations of Flights P
Page 114 and 115:
4.1 Introduction Using the data der
Page 116 and 117:
\ \ axis Figure 4-1: Axisymetric Fl
Page 118 and 119:
And : And : And: And: Where: t' = t
Page 120 and 121:
4 -3 Pressure Distribution on Fligh
Page 122 and 123:
aial load was then used to determin
Page 124 and 125:
Applied Load (W) 1 O0 150 Negative
Page 126 and 127:
upwards, while the net pressure nea
Page 128 and 129:
4 -4 Adfieeze/Friction Adfreeze con
Page 130 and 131:
D = Outside diameter of the pile sh
Page 132 and 133:
Figure 4-7 illustrates a plot of th
Page 134 and 135:
4.5 Separation of Transfer Mechanis
Page 136 and 137:
- Kinetic friction along the pile s
Page 138 and 139:
5. ConclusionsandRecommendations 5.
Page 140 and 141:
applied normal pressure across smal
Page 142 and 143:
Bibliography Alkire, B.D. & Andersl
Page 144 and 145:
Bibliography (Continued) Dickin, E.
Page 146 and 147:
Bibliography (Continued) lellinek,
Page 148 and 149:
Bibliography (Continued) Ladanyi. B
Page 150 and 151:
Bibliography (Continued) Nerseova,
Page 152 and 153:
Bibliography (Continued) Sadovskiy.
Page 154 and 155:
Bibliography (Continued) Theriault,
Page 156 and 157:
Appendix A Experimental Test Result
Page 158 and 159:
Load Application No. 2 Figure A-1 1
Page 160 and 161:
Pile Head Displacement (mm) Figure
Page 162 and 163:
Applied Load 0 Figure A-7: Applied
Page 164 and 165:
Pile Head Displacement (mm) Fiprc A
Page 166 and 167:
Pile Head Displacement (mm) Figure
Page 168 and 169:
Applied Load (kN) Figure A-19: Appl
Page 170 and 171:
For Selected Absolute Displacements
Page 172 and 173:
Appendix C Additional Analyses
Page 174:
ecause of the need to reset the str
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The Interaction Between A Flighted Steel Pipe Pile and Frozen Sand

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