3D Simulations for Signal Integrity

Causes of Non-causality
Non causality
� Principle p reason for non-causal data is the violation of
the Kramers-Kronig relationship
� Basically describes the relationship between the real and
iimaginary i parts t of f th the permittivity itti it of f the th model d l
� At least the real, imaginary, or both components of the
material properties must be frequency dependent in
order to satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relationship