Optimization of product design through quality function deployment

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6 METU JFA 2011/1 ÖNDER ERKARSLAN ve HANDE YILMAZ g. d. Long It should term not using: absorb durability bacteria or in stains: a sink hygiene is another is another customer customer need. need. In order to clean sta Customers and bacteria, mostly customers prefer have long to use term chemical use for cleaning financial agents, reasons. which It are is also not only not toxic to huma practical also expensive. to replace For a this sink reason, as it the is a design building should material. allow as little chemical use as possible. e. Liquid soap should not spill on the floor: according to the customers’ experience in such desi Priority Needs - Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) sinks the liquid soap spill on the floor. The f. Supporter customer handles needs, should by using maintain the AHP their brightness: is going to in be this quantified, product, supporter and then handles are mad prioritized chrome plating by actual but this customers material’s so durability we know is limited which and needs it may are rust important. in a short For period of time. this g. Long purpose, term we using: followed durability five in steps. a sink is another customer need. Customers mostly prefer long use for financial reasons. It is also not practical to replace a sink as it is a building material. Criteria AHP Priority can be Needs structured - Analytic according Hierarchy to Process the complexity (AHP) of the problem. In our case, we have identified two phases in order to reach our goal. In the first The customer needs, by using the AHP is going to be quantified, and then prioritized by actual one, the numbers of results that affect the decision nodes are established. In customers so we know which needs are important. For this purpose, we followed five steps. the second phase, the sub-criteria that also influence the main criteria are established. Criteria In order to make valid pair-wise comparisons, the main set of criteria AHP can are be symbolized structured according with ‘m’, to whereas the complexity the sub of criteria the problem. are symbolized In our case, we have identif with phases ‘n’ throughout in order to reach this our study. goal. In the first one, the numbers of results that affect the decision Comparison are established. Matrix In the second phase, the sub-criteria that also influence the main criteria are established. In order to make valid pair-wise comparisons, the main set of criteria are symbolize In ‘m’, the whereas A matrix the (1) sub which criteria is are nxn symbolized dimension, with components ‘n’ throughout which this study. are on the comparison diagonal are numbered as ‘1’ because in this situation, same criteria Comparison are compared Matrix with each other. In the A matrix (1) which is nxn dimension, components which are on the comparison diagonal numbered as ‘1’ because in this situation, same criteria are compared with each other. ⎡a ⎢ ⎢ a ⎢ . A = ⎢ ⎢ . ⎢ . ⎢ ⎢⎣ an 11 21 1 a a a 12 22 n2 ... ... ... a1n ⎤ a ⎥ 2n ⎥ . ⎥ ⎥ . ⎥ . ⎥ ⎥ ann ⎥⎦ When When different customer requirements requirements are are compared compared with each with other, each we other, use a we numeric scale w use can a be numeric seen in scale Table which 3. After can this, be we seen numbered in Table all 3. customer After this, requirements we numbered one by one. T all be customer seen in Table requirements 4. one by one. This can be seen in Table 4. Table 3. The fundamental scale for pairwise comparisons (Saaty, 1995). The Fundamental Scale for Pairwise Comparisons Intensity of Definition Explanation Importance The Fundamental 1 Scale Equal for Pairwise importance Comparisons Two elements contribute equally to the objective Intensity of Definition 3 Moderate importance Explanation Importance Experience and judgment slightly favor one element over another 1 Equal importance 5 Two elements Strong importance contribute equally Experience to the objective and judgment strongly favor one element over another 3 Moderate importance 7 Experience Very and Strong judgment importance slightly One favor element one is element favored very over strongly another over another, its dominance is demonstrated in practice 5 Strong importance 9 Experience Extreme and importance judgment strongly The favor evidence one favoring element one over element another over another is of the One element is favored very strongly highest over possible another, order of its affirmation dominance is 7 Very Strong importance Intensities of 2, demonstrated 4, 6 and 8 can be in used practice to express intermediate values. Intensities 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc. can be used for elements that are very close in importance. The evidence favoring one element over another is of the highest 9 Extreme importance possible order of affirmation Intensities of 2, 4, 6 and 8 can be used to express intermediate values. Intensities 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc. can be used for elements that are very close in importance. (1) (1)
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCT DESIGN METU JFA 2011/1 7 Table 4. AHP plan matrix. In this table an integer means the row entry is more important than column entry. When the column is more important the inverse is used. For displaying this comparison, we use 3 for the second component in the horizontal and 1/3 for the second component in the vertical. After this, we formulated this process and determined all requirements by using equation (2) which is demonstrated as: i=1 j=3 The product should not splash water Percentage Calculation In the matrix, applied in this phase each requirement has its own logical weighted importance. However when we want to see their importance within the whole system, we should see each requirement in percentages. This chain of matrix as seen in equitation (3) enabled us to get final matrix D which ensured the reliability of AHP. Easy cleaning Good appearance It should not keep bacteria and stains Liquid soap should not spill on floor Supporter handles should maintain their brightness The product should not splash water 1 3 3 5 1 1/3 3 Easy cleaning 1/3 1 1 3 1/5 1/7 1 Good appearance 1/3 1 1 3 1/5 1/7 1 It should not keep bacteria and stains 1/5 1/3 1/3 1 1/7 1/9 1/3 Liquid soap should not spill on floor 1 5 5 7 1 1/3 3 Supporter handles should maintain their brightness 3 7 7 9 3 1 7 Long term use 1/3 1 1 3 1/3 1/7 1 a = 1 j i ai j (2) Long term use 6,2 18,3 18,3 31,0 5,9 2,2 16,3
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Optimization of product design through quality function deployment

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