Global Monitoring of the Terrestrial Ring Current - ESA Space ...

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Bounce motion Alpbach Summer School, 2002 Second adiabatic invariant J = ∫ p// ds The particle moves up and down the field line, bouncing between mirror points in the northern and southern hemispheres. The adiabatic invariant J associated with the bounce motion is conserved if the magnetic field changes only on a time scale that is long compared to the bounce period. Proton drift motion Electron drift motion that is much longer than Alpbach the Summer drift School, period. 2002 Third adiabatic invariant B × ∇H ( µ , J , x, t) v D = = 2 qB r 2 E× B µ B × ∇B p! ! B × k = + + 2 2 2 B γqB 2mγqB The slowest of the three quasi-periodic quasi periodic motions is drift around the Earth. In a guiding-center guiding center bounce-averaged bounce averaged condition, the charged particle drifts across the magnetic field with a velocity vD. . The adiabatic invariant associated with the drift motion, the magnetic flux inside the drift orbit, is conserved if E and B change only on a time scale that is much longer than the drift period.
Alpbach Summer School, 2002 Consider particle drift in a time-independent magnetic field, with an electric field that varies in time, though on a scale that is long compared to the gyroperiod and drift period. Assume further that the gyroradius is small compared to the length scale for variations in the electric (qΦ) and magnetic (B) fields and that the first adiabatic invariant is conserved and longitudinal invariant J=0. In that case, the particles mirror in the equatorial plane, there is no curvature drift, so that: v D × ∇( qΦ + µ B) = 2 qB B Electric Potential (convection + corotation) corotation Alpbach Summer School, 2002
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Page 11 and 12: Model inputs H + data from geosynch
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