Myanmar: Investment Opportunities in Biodiversity Conservation

CONTENTS
FOREWORDS ............................................................................................................................... iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................. viii
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1
Structure of the document ............................................................................................................... 1
Background .................................................................................................................................... 1
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE ......................................................................................................... 3
Geography, climate and history ........................................................................................................ 3
Habitats and ecosystems ................................................................................................................. 3
Species diversity and endemism....................................................................................................... 6
Globally threatened species ............................................................................................................. 8
CONSERVATION OUTCOMES ................................................................................................... 24
Species Outcomes ........................................................................................................................ 26
Site Outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 27
Corridor Outcomes....................................................................................................................... 28
Priority Outcomes for conservation investment ............................................................................... 31
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES ................................................................................................. 43
Introduction and historical context ................................................................................................. 43
Demographic and social trends ...................................................................................................... 43
Economic trends ........................................................................................................................... 44
Infrastructure development ............................................................................................................ 44
Government frameworks ............................................................................................................... 44
Non-governmental frameworks ..................................................................................................... 45
Legislative and protected area frameworks .................................................................................... 55
Regional agreements ..................................................................................................................... 56
Global conventions ........................................................................................................................ 57
SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT THREATS ........................................................................................ 63
Over-exploitation of natural resources ........................................................................................... 63
Habitat degradation and loss ......................................................................................................... 65
Invasive species ............................................................................................................................ 70
Pollution ....................................................................................................................................... 71
Root causes .................................................................................................................................. 71
SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT INVESTMENT.................................................................................. 79
Major sources of investment.......................................................................................................... 79
Thematic distribution of investment ................................................................................................ 81
Geographical distribution of investment .......................................................................................... 87
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................................... 94
INVESTMENT PRIORITIES AND STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS .................................................. 95
Sustainability ............................................................................................................................... 105
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 106
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT .................................................................................... 108
LIST OF MAPS............................................................................................................................ 108
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 109
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ........................................................................................................... 109
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 110
Myanmar: Investment Opportunities in Biodiversity Conservation
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