Systematics, Fishery, Resource Characteristics and Bionomics of ...

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS wish to express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my guide Dr. 8.Madhusoodana Kurup, Professor, School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology for his valuable guidance, critical assessment and constant encouragement through out the course of my work. I am also grateful to Prof. (Dr.) Ramakrishnan Korakandy , Director, School of Industrial Fisheries I Cochin University of Science and Technology for providing me the necessary facilities to carry out this work successfully. I am thankful to Dr. M. Harikrishnan , Lecturer, St. Alberts College, Ernakulam for his valuable assistance in statistical analysis of the data and offering valuable suggestions. The encouragement and assistance extended by my teachers, other faculty members, members of office staff and my fellow researchers in the school of Industrial Fisheries are gratefully acknowledged. I am also indebted to the research scholars of School of Marine Sciences for their timely help. I am deeply indebted to the fishermen, auctioneers and deep sea boat owners in Munambum and Cochin Fisheries harbours for their help during fishery data collection. My special appreciation goes to my husband and my sister for putting up with me and patiently bearing all inconveniences during the days of difficulties and enthusiastically helping in my work. I would like to place on record my sincere gratitude to Fisheries Resource Management Society, Department of Fisheries, and Government of Kerala and Dept. of Ocean Development for granting me an opportunity to work as a Research Fellow and making use of part of the data of the above projects for the preparation of the thesis. Radhika Rajasree ,S.R.
Section 1. Chapter 1. General Introduction CONTENTS Section 2. Systematics and bio diversity assessment of Chapter 2. Chapter 3. Deep sea prawns Systematics Bio Diversity Assessment Section 3. Exploratory surveys and quantification of exploited Deep sea prawns PAGE NO. Chapter 4. Assessment of deep sea prawn resources off Kerala 93 Chapter 5. Chapter 6. on the basis of Exploratory Surveys Deep sea prawn fishery off Kerala Resource Characteristics Section 4. Bionomics of deep sea prawns Chapter 7. Food and Feeding habits of Heterocarpus gibbosus and H. woodmasoni Chapter 8. Reproductive Biology Chapter 9. Carotenoid Estimation and Proximate Analysis Chapter 10. Age and Growth Chapter 11. Population Dynamics Chapter 12. Summary and Recommendations References Publications 1 20 76 112 141 168 188 217 243 262 282 299
Page 1 and 2: SYSTEMATICS, FISHERY, RESOURCE CHAR
Page 3: CERTIFICATE This is to certify that
Page 8 and 9: Chapter 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Page 10 and 11: finfish and shellfish resources. Du
Page 12 and 13: R.V.KALAVA and R.V.vARUNA during 19
Page 14 and 15: The deep sea prawns are an assembla
Page 16 and 17: water decapod crustaceans from the
Page 18 and 19: Heterocarpus gibbous and H.woodmaso
Page 20 and 21: Relini {1988}, Demestre and Martin
Page 22 and 23: characteristics and stock size. Mos
Page 24 and 25: of males and females of Heterocarpu
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 7 explains the seasonal, se
Page 28 and 29: Fig 1.1 Harbours of Kerala Selected
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2 SYSTEMATICS
Page 32 and 33: the body parts such as rostra I len
Page 34 and 35: The linear measurement and function
Page 37 and 38: variations that exist among the spe
Page 39 and 40: 2.3 RESULTS Fifteen species of deep
Page 41 and 42: Genus Oplophorus H.Milne-Edwards 15
Page 43 and 44: ...................................
Page 45 and 46: 2.3.1.4. Key to the commercially im
Page 47 and 48: and 4th pereopods are as long as pe
Page 49 and 50: Distribution & economic importance:
Page 51 and 52: Colour: Yellowish orange through ou
Page 53 and 54: Colour: Abdomen bright pink in colo
Page 56 and 57:
Distinctive characters: Rostrum in
Page 58 and 59:
in total length, middle portion of
Page 60 and 61:
present at its distal end. Eyes lar
Page 63 and 64:
thin, 5 th pair longest surpassing
Page 65 and 66:
Plesionika cottei Kotte , 1903. Ple
Page 67 and 68:
Distribution and economic importanc
Page 69 and 70:
length and stouter, carpus of which
Page 71 and 72:
support by hanging antennal scale.
Page 73 and 74:
Antennal scale very large. more tha
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orders outer margin of scaphocerite
Page 77 and 78:
Under the super family Pandaloidea
Page 79 and 80:
e linear while in males the relatio
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carapace length , rostral length ,1
Page 83 and 84:
characteristics will be having much
Page 85 and 86:
P.jerryi positively allometric rela
Page 87:
carapace length, rostra I length an
Page 94:
11.13 Minimum ,maxlmum,mean and eta
Page 118:
Table 2.3.10 V.I .... of Intercept
Page 132:
o.v •• tlona fron'I "'-0'."'0"
Page 148:
P •• 'cockJ P . .,-nllH>_ P ...
Page 161:
B. lWMeo,." }enyll'8rez Farfanla ,1
Page 164 and 165:
A. H.hlrocarpus woodmasonl A1cock,
Page 166 and 167:
A. P/es/onlka mart/If (Milne-Edward
Page 168 and 169:
A. Ac.nthephyrll.rm.1IJ Milne-Edwar
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deep sea fIShery to enhance product
Page 173 and 174:
where: pi is equivalent with ni b)
Page 175 and 176:
3.3.2. Hydrographic parameters The
Page 178 and 179:
species richness showed a sharp inc
Page 180 and 181:
the second year, the diversity indi
Page 182:
on the continental regions in diffe
Page 185:
ID Murawski (2000) the great H' val
Page 199 and 200:
Section 3 EXPLORATORY SURVEYS AND Q
Page 201 and 202:
4.1. INTRODUCTION The demand for sh
Page 203 and 204:
The revelation of commercially expl
Page 205:
4.3. RESULTS 4.3.1. Latitude wise a
Page 208 and 209:
dominant at 301-350 m (62.40%) (Tab
Page 210:
was dominant at 301-350 m whereas H
Page 213:
was computed was 42.46kg/hr while t
Page 217 and 218:
109 Yti1en compared to the lesser d
Page 219:
the observations made in the explor
Page 230 and 231:
5.1. INTRODUCTION 112 The deep sea
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asis of materials collected from R.
Page 235 and 236:
117 on a daily basis from each harb
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operation shifted to off Kanyakumar
Page 239 and 240:
5.3.5 Month wise landings 121 Month
Page 242 and 243:
a substantial portion of the exploi
Page 244 and 245:
October and February in 2000-01 and
Page 246 and 247:
egistered in October while the same
Page 248 and 249:
CPU of 6.89 kg and 31.24 kg respect
Page 250 and 251:
I1ese depths (Fig. 5.49 & 5.50). Th
Page 252 and 253:
5.4. DISCUSSION 134 The innovative
Page 254 and 255:
Ihe first year and occupied second
Page 256 and 257:
can be postulated as one of the rea
Page 281:
Plate 5.1 A Harvest of deep- sea pr
Page 284 and 285:
Plate 5.4 A fully equipped deep-sea
Page 288 and 289:
esource characteristics of deep sea
Page 291 and 292:
146 Where 'w' is the observed weigh
Page 293:
Male log w = -3.9348+2.3259 log I (
Page 298 and 299:
younger size groups (Fig. 6.24). In
Page 301 and 302:
to 61-70 mm where as in the higher
Page 303 and 304:
commercial landings (Fig. 6.29 & 6.
Page 305 and 306:
surveys off south west coast of Ind
Page 307 and 308:
uncompressed carapace and a long ro
Page 309 and 310:
164 with the highest preponderance
Page 311 and 312:
The exploited stock of deep sea pra
Page 315:
, .... .-- _ .. "", .. __ • ., __
Page 320:
7.6.15 Sex ratio of Mefllpenaeopsis
Page 340 and 341:
Section 4 BIONOMICS OF DEEP SEA PRA
Page 342 and 343:
7.1. INTRODUCTION The study of food
Page 345 and 346:
etter picture of food item when eac
Page 347 and 348:
7 .3. RESULTS 173 Analysis of stoma
Page 349 and 350:
7. Polychaetes consisting of mostly
Page 351 and 352:
177 Monthly variation in the diet p
Page 353 and 354:
7.3.2.Stomach conditions 179 Percen
Page 355 and 356:
181 Gastro somatic indices recorded
Page 357 and 358:
JWCductive epi pelagic zone to near
Page 359:
185 In H. woodmasoni, juveniles dev
Page 362:
Table 7.1 Index of preponderance of
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(1951). Aoto (1952). Kurata (1955).
Page 376 and 377:
Sakthikulangara, Cochin, Munambum a
Page 378 and 379:
iOfoonal for 12 to 24 hrs. Afterwar
Page 380:
1- abdominal segment and can be vis
Page 383:
7. Spent recovering females 198 Ova
Page 386 and 387:
201 year which would indicate the p
Page 389 and 390:
204 Among males of H woodmasoni, an
Page 392:
estimated as 20672 eggs. Fecundity
Page 395:
210 !he peak spawning season of H.r
Page 398:
213 Ri therefore it can be inferred
Page 401:
216 Of the twenty five fecundity in
Page 421 and 422:
PIli. 8.3 : Oocytes showing yolk dr
Page 423 and 424:
Plate 8.6 A: viteltogenic oocytes i
Page 425 and 426:
Plate 8. 8 A: Venlral view of grey
Page 427 and 428:
Plate 8.10 : Dorsal view of female
Page 429 and 430:
9.1. INTRODUCTION 217 Deep water pr
Page 431:
219 of total carontenoids with the
Page 434 and 435:
222 King and Moffitt (1984). The to
Page 436 and 437:
224 Analysis was done repeatedly fo
Page 439:
227 showed a sharp increase from im
Page 444 and 445:
232 lipid content of mesopelagic an
Page 446 and 447:
234 the other hand, the level incre
Page 448 and 449:
236 exoskeleton, muscle, gonad and
Page 450 and 451:
238 tissues with highest content in
Page 452 and 453:
240 spawning activity as evidenced
Page 454:
242 performance of natural caroteno
Page 474 and 475:
Chapter 10 AGE AND GROWTH
Page 476 and 477:
244 such phenomena in mathematical
Page 478:
246 Modal progressions in time seri
Page 481 and 482:
249 the landings observed at three
Page 483 and 484:
251 Where K is the growth constant
Page 485 and 486:
253 estimated as 5 years at which t
Page 487:
255 phi prime values (+') of Hgibbo
Page 490 and 491:
258 protandric hermaphrodites. Howe
Page 492 and 493:
260 the ideal value of three as rep
Page 495:
10.3 Growth parameters of males and
Page 499 and 500:
11.1. INTRODUCTION 262 Owing to luc
Page 502:
265 coefficient (Z), among the vari
Page 505 and 506:
Fishing mortality estimation 268 In
Page 507 and 508:
F U = - (1-e- z ) Z Exploitation ra
Page 509 and 510:
272 Sekharan's method. The average
Page 511 and 512:
274 distinct modes to the usable st
Page 514 and 515:
277 reference to Indian Ocean regio
Page 516 and 517:
279 Pauly's empirical formula. It m
Page 518:
281 H.gibbosus are prone to the thr
Page 529 and 530:
Though a wealth of information is a
Page 531 and 532:
284 genera from the exploited stock
Page 533 and 534:
351-450m. 451- 550m and 551-65Om de
Page 535 and 536:
abundance, the highest clhr recorde
Page 537 and 538:
290 The life history traits such as
Page 539 and 540:
H.gibbous and H woodmasoni showed t
Page 541:
294 significant (P< 0.05). In males
Page 544 and 545:
RECOMMENDATIONS 297 The recommendat
Page 546:
REFERENCES
Page 549 and 550:
Alien, Y. O. and M. R. Landry (1984
Page 551 and 552:
Arrobas, I and A.R.Cascalho (1987)
Page 553 and 554:
Bertalanffy,L.V. (1934)Untersuchung
Page 555 and 556:
Butler , T.H. (1970) Synopsis of bi
Page 557 and 558:
Chace, F.A. (1940) The bathypelagic
Page 559 and 560:
Company. J. B. and F. Sarda (1997)
Page 561 and 562:
O'onghia ,G., P.Maiorano,P.Maiorano
Page 563 and 564:
Dieuzeide,R( 1960) Le fond chalutab
Page 565 and 566:
Finney. W. C. and L.G. Abele (1981)
Page 567 and 568:
Garcia,S.(1977) Biologie et dynamic
Page 569 and 570:
321 Sea in relation to their conten
Page 571 and 572:
Hastings, W.H. (1976) Fish nutritio
Page 573 and 574:
Hopkins, C.C.E., J.R. Sargent and E
Page 575 and 576:
Jennings ,S. and M. Kaiser (1988) T
Page 577 and 578:
King,M.G. and A.J.Butler (1985) Rel
Page 579 and 580:
331 carcinologiques. Bull . Cent. E
Page 581 and 582:
Linder,H.J. (1959) Studies on the f
Page 583 and 584:
Maurin, C.L. (1961) Repartition des
Page 585 and 586:
Mistakidis, M.N. (1957) The biology
Page 587 and 588:
Nalini, C. (1976) Observation on th
Page 589 and 590:
Orsi Relini, Land G. Relini (1985)
Page 591 and 592:
Peterson, C.G.J. (1892) Fiskenbiolo
Page 593 and 594:
Rao ,P.V. and C. Suseelan (1967) On
Page 595 and 596:
Rikhtor,V.A. and V.N. Effanov (1976
Page 597 and 598:
349 tauvina (Forskkal , 1775) and E
Page 599:
Squires. H.J. (1968) Relation of te
Page 602 and 603:
354 the southeastern United States.
Page 604 and 605:
Wang .R. S.Chen and Z.zhong (1989)
Page 606 and 607:
Yano. J. and S. Kobayashi (1969) Ca
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