Official record of the New Zealand International Exhibition of Arts ...

NEW ZEALAND 

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION,

OFFICIAL RECORD 

NEW ZEALAND INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 

OF ARTS AND INDUSTRIES, 

A Descriptive and Historical Account. 

BY J. COWAN. 

- 

Pllblishcd by Aathority of the Right Boa. Sir Joseph 6. Ward, P.C., K.C.M.G.. 

Hfalster of New tulaad. 

- - -- .._ - - ..

PREFACE. 

To the Right Hon. Sir Joseph G. Ward. P.C., K.C.KG., 

Prime lbister of New Zealand. 

SIB,- 

I the honour to herewith m:- report on the Ke\r Zealand hteru;rtiol1al 

E&ibitioll of 1906-7. for the purpose of an Official Record. in accordatice \\ith 

your iustructiolls commuiiicatd to me b~ Mr. T. E. Dollue. Geileral lhuager of thc 

Department of Tonrh atid Health Resorts and Vice-President of the Eshibition. 

kl the report I have endeavoured to place on record a faithful account of this the 

l~ost impomlit expositioll of arts slid industries yet held hi Xea Zealand. aild also 

to present a brief retrospect of New Zeala~id's national sto~. and a piclure of her commemial, 

industrial. a~ld social positioil in the Exhibition ?ear. Thc descriptioiis of the 

buildings and ge~icral wheme of the Exhibitioi~. the sec%ional displa?s of the 1-rrious 

Dcpartnlcnts of State. and the pro\-iiicial courts should 1w of V~IUC as ii guide h 

coiiilrc-tion with future Exhibitioi~s ill the Dominion. 

The Empire's courts in the Eshibitiou-the fiue displars of the British Govenime~lt, 

the Dominion of Canada. the several Ailstraliau States, and the Fiji Islands-arc described 

with such detail as appears to me to 1w justified b~ their importailre from the 

artistic. the educatio~~al. and the commercial standpoints. The British sociologicd 

and art depaftnleilts were tn nlaq visitors the most interesti~~g and informative sectioas 

of the E.xhil)itiua. The mlkction of pictures sent out from the Old Lalid not 0111y prol-ed 

a c-o~~sta~it sourrc of delight to mail?- thousands. but. further. served a usrfill purpose 

ils H high school of art to Kc\\- Zcalaud artists iii~d students. 

The excel1enc.e of Ncw &aI;ind's produc-ts and ma~~ufartures. as illustrated ill the 

c-ourts of thp Exhiljitio~t. \\-as ;I fcature that is given promitiencc throughout the pages 

of tL report. TIir enormous progress recordcd ill the agricultural and pastoral industries, 

aid the high qualit;r of the Domii~ion's manufaitarea, in the form of food-products. 

textile fabrics and clothing generall?. machinery and mechanical engineering, are dealt 

with in some detail. 

Considerable spare is devoted to a dewription of the ethnological side of the 

Exhihition - the fine .Maori sec.tio11. iuld the South Sea Islalid Xatil-e delegations. 

Ape from its great interest to sightseers. the co~ipss of &oris and South-Sea-Isla~~ders 

of particular scie~~tifir \-alue. ai~d staiids. it is hoped, as the forenuiiler of future 

reunioiis of 101~-severed branches of the great Pol?mesian race, ill whose wehe Sew 

&land has SO close and special a coucern. 

The %cord is illustrated with numerous photographs, most of t.hem taken b~ Mr. 

J. McDonald, artist ai~d photographer to the Tourist Department. under instructions 

fmm Mr. Donne. I have the ho~lour to be, Sir. 

Tours faithfully, - 

l\-elhgltou. X.Z., 6th KO\-embr. 1'J)i. J. C0WABT.

. LIST OF CONTENTS. 

-- 

~-OX L-Xrw Z-XD ~~BYATIoxAL -ox OF hm AXD bm- 1906-7 M 

IntrOd11cm and Retrospeetire-Hion 

pioneers, and what they wmnpht-The 

Sketch: Xeu- ZsaLmd Past and Present-The 

Dominion's F'mps and Re~~ur~es-hpion~ Enhibitions in Rew Zeslend . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 

QECROS IL-THE ESEIXB~~OX-SXTE ; P~~SIKUABY HISTORT ; TEE Exxmn-101~ BUILD~QL 

The Si* iu Ha ey Park - Cluistchnreh City and Cantea-burp Rorince -Inception and 

gai Wort-The Exhibition Cornmitt- and Oficialn-The Exhibition 

:&--A General Tier- and other Details . . . . . . .. 16 

Smox m-Tas OPE~G 

CEREYOXY.. . . -. . . . . . . .. 80 

$-ox IV.--GESEBAL DE~CEIPTIOS OF !PEE EXECIBITIOX. 

b. Survey of the Courts-Sew Z~nlsnd's Wealth and Industries epitomized-X~imber of 

Exhibitors-Imperial and International Representation . . . . . . .. 1W 

SECTIOS ~T-SEK ZUXD GOVERS~EST D~AETXEKTAL COWTS 

The &partment of Agriculture-?dining Court-Public Worb Department-Depsrtment 

of Raiiu-ap-Po%t and Tdepph Department-Tourist and Health Rexorts-The 

Thermal Wonderland Replica-Department of Lebir-Governnant Ins~~~ct. Department-Ls& 

and Swue;r &partrnent--Governn1ent Printing De~rtment-Defence 

Department-Prisons Depsrtment-Tha Ksheries . . . . . . .. 115 

Smos TL-SEW ZEUYD'S SATUB~~ HISTOBY. 

Fauna and F ~~-~Qw Zealand's Sative Birds, &.-Thr Fernerp . . .. 160 

S~cmox ITT.-HOXE ISDVSTILTES S-03. 

Sew Zealand Hurnr Il~duutzie~ and Technicsl Schools Exhibits . . . . . , .. 109 

Q ~ I O S TIII.-XEW ZEAUSD PROFINCXAL ClQCum 

Auckland - Tarad - Haa-lie's Bsg - Manslaate - W ~n11i - Marlborough - Nuhn 

--Wcstland-X01th and Sonth Cmtarb~i~ySoutWand-e Cook Group and other 

Pacific Islands . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 174 

SF~OS IIL-Trts EXPIRE'S Coram. 

Cht Britain and IroIsnd--Canada-Xew Soi~th Walerr, T~ctoriq and &nth Anstraiie-The 

Fiji Islands .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 226 

BECMOS X--4u~ w TEE ESHIBITIOX. 

The -4rt Galleries-hTnv Zdand and dnrtrdirrn PictnmcThc British Art Collection- 

Sales of British Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 

SECIIOX SL-GEVER~L SGXXUCT OF L T D *BITS ~ 

Sew Zedand and Foreign Trade Exhibits-Food and Food-prd~~cts-Textile Fabrics- 

Jlaehinrry--Gcd 3lanufactd Goods . . . 

- . . -. . . 28(i 

SE~OX ICE-THE ErHaotocrcu. SEC~~OH. 

The 3bn-i~ an4 the bri Pe -Native V i Lift* : SOW snd Dances -A Polynesian 

bm 

- Thtr Cook-Islanders -The Ifioc-Isl&ndm -The Fiji-Islanders - Fiji Fire- 

wdkern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308 

SECTIOR ~ - ? ~ U S I C AT THE EXUXBITIOX-A~~SEXXXTS . . . . . ,. 376 

SEC~OS m .-Ew OF THE EXIIIBI~OJ SEASOX- 

Competitions and Shows-The Attemhce, &c. .. . . . . 383 

SBXIOB XV.-THE CLOSXD CBBEUOXP . . . . . . , . . 392 

Aw- a ~ WIGp n COXPETIITOXS. 

Exhibition Prize Awards- 

Home kKZitskiea Competitions-Mmid, Athletic. and & &nte&s-Rnles and 

.. . . . . . . . . . .. 488 

Rq+tihm .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 

B ~ o x - ~ o ~ r m ~ o l p

The New Zealand International Exhibition, 1906-7. 

C 4J 'r 

(3- 

~ - l t ; ; ~ ~ 

>'?.- 

SECTION I. 

I- 

IXTRODUCTORY. 

ILEZIBITIONS, the landmarks of industrid progress, are a product of onl~ 

a little over half a centq. A vast advance in human endeavour was 

made at one stride, a new era in the world's onward march was opened, 

when the first International Expo~itio~l of Arts and Industries was con- 

ceived and carried out. It was the 6nt attempt to epitomize the 

i ;g+* triumphs of peaceful arts. to present in microcosm the results of civilisation, 

the sum of modern science aud skill as enhodied iH its manufactures. 

its machine^ by which the utilities of a conlplex modernity are produced, 

and its arts and crafts that beautify the public building and the 

home. &I exhibition hns been well called an " industrial census." Its 

international character introduces an element that mahas for peaceful 

intercourse, for mutual howledge, and for a better understandii 

atnongst nations of each ather's peculiar gifts each other's pitch of 

refinement and talent of invention. Each coon* ms the best that its 

neighbours and its riyals can put forth, the choices* products of its 

workshops, its factories, its studios. Everything that is won from the 

a - earth or mnnfactured on its surface is brought before the ere--a museunl 

of human skill and energ?= the world in little. This has been the guidhg scheme of 

every World's E,.rpositinn since the great London Fahibitio~oa of 1851, and its apotheosis 

was the Sf. Louis Exposition of 1904. Ex-President McKinler, of the United States, irr 

one of his last public addresses, pithily summarised the scope and results of exhibitions. 

" Expositions," he said, " record the world's advm1cemnent. They stimulate the enew. 

enterprise, and intellect of the people, and quich~n human genius. The?- go into the 

home. Thep broaden and brighten the daily life of the people. They open mighty 

storehouses of information for the student. Every E'cpoSition, great or mdl, has helped 

to some ouward step. Comparison of ideas is alwa-~s educational, and as such instructs 

the brain and hand of nun. Friendb rival? foilows, which is the spur to industrial 

improvement, the inspiition to useful inventaon and to high endeavour in all departments 

of human activity." 

These words may be applied in all their e-es to our New Zealand International 

Exhibition of 1906-7. For, though it failed in large measure of being international in 

scope, it focused for us the enterprise, the education, and technical advancement of our

own English-spaking peoples ; it broadened the vim of colonists ; it helped to a 

better understanding of our fellow-States of the Empire. In eveF sense it " broadened 

and brightened " the people's life. It is well for ns oeeasionallj- to take Btock of omselves 

and learn a lesson from the bii outside world that can teach us so much. The 

value of such an exposition as that held in Christchurch in the snmmer of 1906-7 mat 

be gauged in Qures- Its mere hcial success or failure is not of prime importance. 

We have to regard not only it9 high educational due to ourselves, but ita nndoubtedl? 

great use as a solid advertisement for Kew Zealand products and mandwtrmq as a 

trade-bringer and a means for hing, if only for a brief period, the attention of the outside 

world upon the individuality, the ego of this new co*. the special trend of the genius 

that animates its people, and the expression in concrete form of its progress in useful 

industries and in the arts and the smdea that soften life and sweeten man's feelings 

towards man. 

As a waymark on the short pilgrimage of human endeavour in this part of the 

Empire, the Exhibition of last summer served us well. It summed up for our own 

people, as well as for those from over the seas, the results of +-six yeam of colonisation, 

the country's natural wealth and capaci* of output, the range and quality of its manufactures, 

and the advances made in applied arts, in education. and in matters of social 

betterment. By it we were enabled to take measure of ourselves, and gauge our poFers 

and possibilities for the coming years. By consent of the visiting world, of official 

delegates from overseas, and of colonists who have travelled and seen something of 

Expositions and World's Fairs, it was an Exhibition that gave Nevi Zealand reasonable 

ground for satishdo~ As a compendium of the colon~'g achievements in the solid 

world of work, it was complete and creditable. Regarded in the mass, it was a wonderful 

record of progress for a land that only three generations ago la^ in the hands of the 

cannibal savage. Taken in detail, it was enc~lopredic of the mvi material and the 

manufaettued products thgt constitute Xew Zealand's weslth ; it showed how a new 

wild comtq- was made fit for civilised man ; it epitomized the story of our nationmaking. 

And on its &hetic side, the collectio~~ of pictures and of other gems of art 

bron t from the Old Country opened up to man? a New-Zealander a new and delightful 

worA painting and in the her and more deliate handicrafts. 

Bei particularly an epitome of the industries and arts of the British-peopled 

countries, the Exposition might have been styled an " Empire " Exhibition with more 

justification than an International one. It contained a magnificent art collection 

from Englaud, a great variety of British trsde exhibits. and a valuable and educative 

British Governmental display illustrative of sociological science, specialised instruction 

aud technical training. geography and esploration, nieteorological science, photographic 

art, and the Imperial arm? and ns~. From Canada came a splendid exhibii representative 

of the natural wealth snd the industries and manufactures of the great Dominion 

displa* in the largest and most decorative Court in the Exhibition. The 

Australian States sent State exhibits, and the South Sea Island groups under the British 

5 g gave of their tropic riches. The onl~ important parts of the British dominion a- 

represented by official exhibits were India and South Africa Business firms from many 

parts of the European world were represented either directly or through their New 

Zealand agents ; and the general resnlt of the efforts made to secure a aide representation 

in arts and industries was that there was housed, in the largest building pet erected in 

New Zealand, an aggmgation of products 8nd man- worth approximately half a 

million sterling, besides an art collection worth some E150,OOO more. The buildings 

that contained these examples of the world's work, the highest products of her technical 

science and her artists' inspirations, were not only of great size. but were of much srohiteetnral 

grace-a palace in white and go!& as one saw it from its tree-bordered frontand 

the site was probably the most beautiful that could have been obtained for an 

. .

Exhibition in any part of Australasia. Sef down m mund&i that were of singular 

sylvan chars3, yet very near to the heart of a large city, in one of the most beautiful 

and fertile provinces of the land, and favoured by a climate that breathed health 

and pleasantness, the Exhibition of the summer of 1906-7 was atfended by all the 

&cumstmce that wrought success. It .was open for five and a half months, opening 

on the 1st Pu'ovember, 1906, and closing on the 15th April, 1907, and the registered 

admissions totalled close on tn-o millions. Government and people co-operaid iu 

the common endeavour to make it a credit to their country, and a practical demonstration 

of national well-being and successful enterprise in all tbe peaceful arte. The actual 

hcial loas on the Exhibition. guatBdeed by the Government, was considerable, as 

was expected ; but it ws, after all, a loss that was really a gain to the State, for the 

deficit was far more than coMterbalanced by the benefit to the revenue in the form of 

increased railway receipts, in Custom duties and other returns, besides the direct general 

gain to the comm* due to the arrival af large numbem of visitors. 

The Exhib'ion had its faults and shortcomings, but it marked a distinct advance 

in our national life ; it denoted the development of a broader note in onr national 

c h d r ; and, alike in our outlook upon the world and in our d a d of importance 

in the eyes of the rest of the Empire, it came as a distinct impetus to virile nationhood, 

and helped to a rather more exact dktion of our due as a c i a &ate tban 

New-Zealandm had heretofore ,paped. 

In the light of after-events too, it hae ita historical & g c e as a not nnfitting 

prelude to the change of our national denomination from " Colony" to " Dominion," 

a titular elevation that may nut increase om yield of wool or butter, but one that will 

at least give this new land added dignity and mana in the old lands of the North.

Thc prime credit for the inception of the Exhibition belongs to one who is now 

no more with us, and whose untimely removal by death was the one fact that brought 

up regretful recollections on the day of the opening of the Exhibition-the late Richard 

John Seddon. During the three or four years before hi death Nr. Seddon many times 

pointed out that the time was opportune for the holding of such an exposition of arts 

and industries as would fittingly mark New Zealand's progress as a producing and manufsctnring 

country, and win for her some measure of international notice ; and it was 

his enthusiasm and optimietic advocacy of the project that set the Exhibition 

on its way. At the opening ceremony the one feature needful that the assembled multitude 

missed was the bluff, cheery presence of the masterful Premier. whose vigorous 

personality had animated every important gathering in the colony for more than a decade 

past. But Mr. Seddon left a worthy successor, and to the statesman who followed him 

as Premier, the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Ward, there fell the du@ of seeing the trrangements 

for the Exhibition through the ha1 stages and safel? launching it on its brief 

period of life. 

Exhibitions of an intemstional character have their drawbacks as well as their 

bene- from an industrial standpoint. In a young country like New Zealand, whose 

recently established manufactum are steadily working their way up from humble beginnings, 

it ia of supreme importance that such goods as can be advantageody made 

within the country should have a reasonable degree .of protection from competition 

with imported articles made in lands where labour is cheaper and where the cost of 

pmduclaon is less. The exploiting of such a countv with foreign manuf- thtt 

can well be done without is often disastrous to struggling local industries. But, apart 

from common n d e s , there are a great many lines which local enterprise in a new 

land is obviously unable to supply, and these, it was seen, were very well represented 

in the ontside exhibits in the big Exposition. In those claases in which New Zealard 

manufactures were largely represented, there was abundant proof th~t the people of the 

colony would be none the worae for pttmniaing the locally made article to the complete 

exclusion of the foreign goods. New Zealand's woollen manufactures, boats and shoes. 

foodshfEs, tinned goods of every kind, and many other articles of common requirement. 

are of the first quality, admirable in every respect, and are deserving of the support 

of New-Zealandem not merely from patriotic considerations, but also on the even more 

practical ground that they are good, that, in fact, they are better than the imported 

article. Good honest material, good aorlimanship. and attractive finish are the three 

chief requirements of a manufactured article. and a careful inspection of the New-Zealandmade 

goods of all hds assured one that ther were in cTeF way quite up to the mark. 

The buyer of a New Zealand article, too, has the satisfaction of knowing that his purchase 

is not the result of sweated labour-that it comes from a factoq or a worlrsbop where 

there is no inducement to '' scamp " work, and where the sanitary conditions of labour 

are immeasurably superior to those in foreign lands ; in short, he knows what he is getting 

and he is willii to pay a fair price for it. The very excellent show of New Zealand 

manufactures was therefore a most gratifyhg feature of the Eshibition, and, in compariso~~ 

with previous exhibitions of industries and arts in the colon^, it it a ppiaeti'c demonstration 

of remarkable progress. In more complicated mennfsdures, such as mechanical 

appliances of various kinds necessary in the work of the farm and the bush. there w8s 

abundant evidence that New Zealand is advancing rapidly towards the stage when 

she wiil be able to supply her om wants. Of the splendid workmauship of the New 

Zealand engineering workshops, both State and prix-ate, there wes convincing demonstration. 

The locomotives exhibited as tumed out in the establishments of the 

New Zealand Government Railways were a revelatioa in solid qudity of work and 

finish, to many who had imagined that New Zedand was sfill dependent on foreign 

artisans for her railway-engines. The magnificent models of the huge engineering works

carried ouf by the Government in railwaq--building in this wild new land showed, 

too, that in skilfulness of design aud excellence of construction New Zealand is in 

no way inferior to America or to any other great engineering country. The necessary 

material in the form of iron and steel has to be imported at ptesent, but New 

Zealand, as was abundantly demonstrated in the Mines Court at the Exhibition, has 

her own immense stores of raw material ; and when the iron-ores come to be worked, 

and her never-failing supply of water-power is utilised for the generation of electricity, 

the colony will begin to take d- as a great manhctmhg country, perhap the 

greatest in the Southern Hemisphere. Xew-Zealandem map well be pardoned for 

these proud anticipations ; there is no reason at all why they should not be realised 

totherUn. 

One of the mo& creditable aspects of the Exhibition was the 6 1 and informative 

character of the Go;-ernment Departmental Coda. This was particularly true 

of the Department of Agriculture, which had organized a Court that was not only 

attrsctive to the eye ad interesting to the casual viaitor, but had its solid rises for 

the her. As a medium of practical education, of object-lessons in eeonomp and 

improved quality of production. this Department of State has been of immense value 

to the man on the land, end its senices have done much to overcome the handicap of 

our d i e from the Eng'ish markets for our produce and the heaw cost of the convepce 

of our goods thereto. To those engaged in the butter and cheese industry, 

to the flax-miller, the meat-raiser, the orchardist, the Agricultural Department has been 

of immense service, and the Court devoted to an e3position of ita mefhods was a model 

of what mh an organizetion should be. ahet Departments, such as those of the Public 

Works, the Railwa?~~, Tourist and Health Resorts, and Labour, made displays that 

were each and all educa6~-e in their war, and all did useful work in the direction of focusing 

in their particular spheres the practical advancement and the natural wealth and 

attmctivene~~ of the country. Another feature of special value was the excellent character 

of the eshibits made by the various provincial districts in special courts, organized 

by committees of citizens in the various centres. 

To supplement the practical solid side of the Exhibiion, there were its decorative 

and artistic values, its statua~ and its fine arts and crab of every class. Nothing had 

ever been previously seen iu Briteiu's oversea dominions to equal this magnificent collection, 

the work of the best English and Scottish painters and other he-art nuasters of 

the day. It was a high education in matters artistic, these room filled with oils and 

water-wlours and black-and-white drswhgs and objects in the arts and crafts classseventeen 

hundred of then1 in an. Day after day one could ham spent in these delightful 

ganeries; and no art-loving New-Zealander but felt profoundly grateful for the inspiration 

that prompted the gathering-together in the Old Land of these works of art 

for a far-off country. It is pleasant to think, too, that ao many of these he worh 

--oils, water-colours, sketches, miniatures, statuettes, and delicate silver and other 

nletal work-have remained in Yew Zealand and Australia. More than El7,000 

worth of the art eshibita were sold during the Exhibition season, and many of the best 

pi~tnres have found a permanent resting-place either on the walls of our New Zealand 

galleries or in the homes of fortunate art-lovers. Then there was the music, "the soul 

of all things beautifnl "-ma@icent music of a class that was as fine an education 

in divine harmonies as the picture-galleries were in the sister-art of painting. There 

was the singularly picturesque Sative section, where Maoris and South-Sea-Lslanders 

Lived side by side in a palisaded rillsge, all of the olden times ; danced their ancient 

festive and war dances, and sang their old, old song$-a display that was equany the 

delight of the ethnolo@t and the folk-lo& and of the ordinary pleasurer. And them 

were the amusements in the Exhibition "Wonderland," where sundry shows, some of 

them heretofore quite new to this couniq, hugely diverted the sightseers in their

thousands, and hmkhed a happy foil of easy merriment to the solid uses of the 

lhpo&ion by Avon-side. 

Sufficient this by way of introductory summa^ to indicste the geneml scope and 

leesons of the Exhibiioa In the chapters which follow, prefaced ss seems Wng by 

a brief sketch of New Zealand's rise from the day of small things, details are fumkhed

of the inception and history of the Exhibiion, of the site of the buildings, of the inaugural 

ceremonies, the nature of the exhibits, of Governmental and private, home, and f o w 

representation, and such other information as seems worthy of record. In compiling 

this Record of the Exhib'ion an endeavom has been made to not only present a faiM account of one of the most important events in the latterday b r y of New Zealand, 

but alao to preserve an accurate picture of the colony as it was in the Exhibition year 

1906-7. The descriptions and illustrations, together with the comments on snndry 

shortcomings of the provincial and other Comb, will, it is ttnsted, be found of service 

to the organizers of future Exhibitions in this the youngest Dominion of the Imp4 confederation. 

NEW ZEALAND'S STORY. 

Hot so very long ago Xew Zealand was a very wild country, the most inhospitable 

and dangerous land that any anfortanate sailor conld be cast away upon. Its soil was 

fertile and its shore-aspect pleasant, its fotests harbod no beasts of prep; but it 

was peopled by the most desperately savage of brown-skinned races, the hr;S, who 

ate human flesh, and cut off many an unwary ship's crew. Eighty or ninety years ago 

every vessel from New South Wsles or fmther afield that ventnred to the New Zealand 

coasts to trade with the cannibal inhabitants carried guns and small-am as for a voyage 

through pirate seas, and lay at anchor with boarding-nettings up. Xo law but Maori 

law-the law of tomahawk and musket-ruled in the Islands of New Zealand until m- 

seven years ago, when the mam of the wild new country passed to the British &own, 

under the Treaty of Wait* signed by most of the great Jdaori chiefs. Yet for many 

veam after this the white man really only lived in New Zealand on derance, the uncertain 

toleration of his Maori neighburs, who conld have swept him from the hbds 

had a few tribes combined. To-day behold what a few short decades have tmoughf ! 

Xot only have the brown and white races ohenged places in the donunation of .Imri 

Land, but the white has succeeded in hewing and building the one-time cannibal islands 

into a peace@ happy, prosperous State, from which the first newness of pioneering 

has paased. 

In other countries these changes have been the slow and gradual accretion of century 

upon century of a steadily growing civilisation : here the pioneers builded quickly. Hen 

still living saw ZTew Zealand when not a European town or village stood upon its shores, 

except one or two rowdy bay-townships, where whaling crews came for the three main 

" supplies " of the rough old whaling-dap-wood, water, and temporary Xmri wives. 

h y of the earliest settlers were indeed not a very reputable lot, and if they sometimes 

lost the numbers of their mess and made a meal for some tattooed Maori, it was perhaps 

a fate that fitted their deserving. Amongst them were some good stock, the traders 

for S-y firms and leaders of the whaling parties, whose nanm today are borne by 

well-respeded half-caste descendants. But they were merely coast-squatters; their 

concern was with the sea. The men who were to develop the great waste country that 

lad behind the coast ranges did not come till 18M and later. English, Scottish, and 

Irish, they were the best of their breed. It has been said that a nation's best sons are 

those who leave her to go across the seas for their fortuues ; at an?- rste young New 

Zealand got the pick of the Anglo-Saxon-Celtic stock in her early settlers, who from 

1840 to 1870 sailed half the circumference of the globe in search of a freer and bolder 

life than the Old Land affordad. And it took a stout heart to seek Xew Zealand in those 

dam when the passage from London, or Liverpool, or the,Clyde meant a three or four 

months' voyage in a crowded " wind-jammer," with none of the lusuries of modern 

ocean travel. But there lay the land of promise that from so far away seemed so fair.

Even from Nova Scotia some of them came, the founders of the Scdsh Highland settle 

ments of Omaha and Wsipu in North Bucklad. These sturdy Gaelic people, whose 

fathem had left the old land for the new across the Atlantic singing their lament, " Lochaber 

no more, We'll marbe return to Lochaber no more ! " aud who left Nova Scotia 

again to brave the perils of long voyages in their little sailing-eraft, found-here a happier 

land, where they could preserve the best traditions of their ancient depopulated homes. 

They were a tribe of ItIr. P d Bullen's dour " amphibious sailor-farmers " of the wild 

Kova-m coast, transplanted to a more ged climate, and "thawed" by its very 

geniality. For the Irishman, too, New Zealand offered a less circumscribed and less 

distrd home. Lad? Dderin's beautiful old song ~oiced equally the hope of the 

emigrant crossing the Atlantic and the man who sailed for far-away Maori Land :- 

!Rey say there's bread and wort for all, 

And the sun shines always there. 

Then, besides the Anglo-Saxon-Celtic immigrants, there was a sprinkhg of Germans 

and Scandinavians, who made good settlers and splendid bushmen. Bnt the new land 

held for the colonist of the first three decades not onl~ hard, hard work, but the perils 

of war with a savage race. The Maori+ven@ thousand of him-was no degraded 

blackfellow or "mild Hindoo." He was clever enough to adopt all the practices of 

civilisation that see.med to him to advance him in bis world, but he was fiercely tenacious 

of his ancestral rights and distrustful of the land-seeking white man. Partially civdised, 

he relapsed into barbarism, and maq- times fought the settlers and the Queen's troop. 

It was not until 1871 that the colonist saw the close of the campaigns that had lasted 

with little intermission ior ten years, and in which ten thousand British troops were 

for some time employed. That period from 1860 co 1871 was in many ways the darkest 

and at the same time the most adventurous and ronurutic in Sew Zealand's h h ~ . 

Life in m y parts of the Korth Ishid bore some resemblance to the condition that 

existed in the Kew England States in the old Puritan times, when Man raids and 

Indian wars perilled the rery existence of the white comidies. There were dam 

and murders, fora.rs slld forest-battles, assaults on stockades and redoubts, war surprises 

and ambuscades without end. Farins were abandoned even in the viw of the 

towns, or. if worked. the hand that guided the plough or milhd the cow was read? ai; 

a momei~t's notice to use the rifle. Redoubts and chains of blockhouses guarded the 

frontiers of the Wailato and other districts bordering the rebel rountry, and were garrisoned 

by the colonial forces until well on into the " seventies." It was a rough and 

histon--making epoch ; a phase of Kew Zealand's existence that developed all that was 

resourceful and self-nliaut in her people. 

The South Islmd. where the Maoris are few iu nunlbers, wss free from Eative wars. 

Here the pioneering perils were those of the explorer and laud-seeker on the lonely t-k 

plains and uplands where silo\yr rivers swept furious1:- down from the white wall of the 

.Ups, the fossieker-out of the Ian& " behind the ranges," md the gold-hunter who searched 

the alluvial drifts of Otago and the QLld West Coast. The greak gold " rushes " of them 

early and middle " sixties " had much to do with the opening-up and settling of the 

South. The Central Otago "rush" came firsf ; then thou8atlds and thousands of 

adventurons fellows, the pick of young manhood-maly from the Victorian and Californian 

diggings-swarmed to the wonderfully rich allud golddiggings aloq the long 

surf-bound littoral of Westland. Some came by sea ; msny came overland, trudging 

over the Csnterbq plains and climbing to the high pass% that here and there cut through 

the Alps, the glacier-clad roof of the bland, then down by dangerom ways through 

the immense dark forests and across the roaring icy mountain-tomb that swept 

a digger to his death. Tbey were stout-hearted men, these pioums, who broke into 

this wild wuntry, and whose Wle canvas towns whitened many a hitherb-unpe~pled

solitude. Like the men of " Forky-uiue," whose heroic traverse of America's " Wild 

West " Joaquin Miller has sung in " The Ship in the Desert.,"- 

Tnq saw the snowy mountrins roll'd 

And hssd along the namders lamb 

Like mighty billows, saw the gold 

Of add sunsets, saw the blush 

01 sudden bwn, and felt the hash 

Of hearem, vhon the day sat down 

And hid his faes in dusky hands ; 

Then pitch'd the tent where rivers run 

A5 if to drown the fallen nua 

The era of great gold rushes is over in New Zealand ; the indnstrp of goldmining 

is d e d on in a more sobetl~ scientific manner. But the blue-shirted men of 

pick and cradle did the come pat service in theL day. They gave the work 

of nation-building an impetus that no other body of adventurers could have done, and 

they left their msrk on the s t o of ~ New Zealand. To-day the settlers of Westlanu, . 

for example, are a splendid self-reliant set of men, exhibiting to the stranger who travels 

their rough ravines and forests and grassy river-strsths sturd~ physical and moral 

characteristics that are in part perhaps a natural reflex of their grand surroundings, 

and for the rest good grafting of that h e old stock the miner-pioneers. 

Those were the days when canvas still ruled the seas. The immigrant who arrived 

here after a three- or four-months voFage in a ship or a barque from the Old Land had 

something of the making of a sailor in hini when he landed. He hex all about reefing 

and setting sail, beating to windward, and '' runliug dcwn the casting " ; and hew 

the intolerakle hat ad tedium of I+g becalmed when the equatorial sun melted thc 

pitch in the deck-seams. Such ships as the " Jane Gifird " ad the " Philip Laing " 

of the Scottish settlers, and the " Charlotte Jane " of the Canterbur? Pilgrhlls mere but 

small craft of the old whole-topsail era; but in later years came fleets of he clippers, 

the class of beautiful composite-built stu'ns'l-boom ships that so often raced from China 

to London with their cargoes of tea. The names of the " Blue Jacket." the " Red Jacket," 

the " Avala~~che," the " Mermaid,'' the " Cashmere," the " Devonshire," the "Morning 

Light," the fanlous Black Ball ships " Lightuing " and " Commodore Pew," bring up 

to many a11 old coloi~ist lnen~ories of the pmge of the " Roaring Forties." Later still 

there came tJle splendid sailing-ships of the Shsw-Savill and New Zealand Shipping 

Company's fleets, some of which sailed these sees--but uo longer with passellgera-up 

to a year or *o ago. The Shaw-&\-ill sailera brought ~nmy passengers out in the 

"sides," but it was just after the end of the h r i wars in 1870-71 that Sir Julius 

\'ogelys public works aid inmigration scheme gave Sew Zealand its peat onw-ard 

moveme~t, and peopled many a new farmhg dict. Such he ship as the " Lad? 

Jocel?n "-which more than once nde the voyage between London and Kew Zealand 

in from seventy-five to eight?- *s, and 6ch brought out the North of Ireland settlers 

for Katikati, Bay of Plen~-the '' H?-daspes," the " Dunedin," the " Marlborough," the 

Blenheim," the " Halcioue." aud " Euterpe," the lofty-sparred and fast " Crusader," 

the " A~cIrland,'~ the " Zealandia." and others fling the Shaw-Savill house-flag ; and 

the handsome painted-port clipper sbips of the Few Zealand Shipping Company7s line 

of iron fliers-the " Viailiato," the " Piako," the " Orari," the " Otaki,'7 the " Humnni," 

the fast and lo* main-sbc-yardem " Waitangin and " Waimate," that powerful 

sailer the " Turalrina "-these and maq- other sailing-ships brought their thousands 

of so& out to the new land, through sach weather-stress and sea-adventures as seldom 

fall to the experience of the modem ocean-steamer passenger.

OFFICIAL BECOBD 

THE BATION'S DEVELOP~NT AND WEALTH. 

Those strenuous times of the pioneer seem very remote, so rapidly does life move 

m a new country. Lie in New Zealand is more settled, more pleasant. Indeed, the 

transformation of the colony from a war-ravaged wilderness into a strong, happ~, confident, 

young civilised State has been nothing short of marve110us in its speed. Peace, 

a fertile soil, a good climate, and regular seasons of plenty have all contributed to the 

general prosperity; and it must not be forgotten that Xew W d enjops another 

blessing that is an important factor in the satisfactoq condition of the colony to-day, a 

good stable democratic Government, which makes the welfare of the farmer, the worker, 

and producer its particular concern. The Government recognka that the town could 

not exist without the countrp at its back ; therefore it does all it can to encourage men 

and women to go "in back" and grow something, by building railway and bridgee 

and cutting roads for them, by giving them land on the easiest terms possible next to 

giving it for nothing, by lending money to them on low raatea of interest for the purpose 

of developing and improving their farms ; by giving them free advice on farming matters 

and providing free the services and guidance of specially engaged ertperts, and by giving 

them the cheapest of railway freight-rates. Compared with the conditions that surround 

the calling of the agricuhrist in many other countries, the farmer's lot in New Zealand 

is csst in fortunate places. The producer in the back country knowa thaf he is a powerful 

unit in the land. 

Cansider the output of this remob little colony. Little, for its white population is 

less than a million ; but then in a lsnd where the immigrant population has been subject 

more or less to a process of careful selection nearly every man is of account, an eWve contributor to the common wealth. Seventy pears ago or so New Zealand exported 

nothing beyond trifles like the dressed flax-fibre from the Phmnium tenax (the native 

hemp), and the pigs that the trading-schooners from S~dney obtained by barter from 

the Maoris in eschsnge for ~nuskets and powder, blankets and rum ; kauri spars ; oil 

and bone from the whales that abounded around the coasts, and sealskins from the far 

South. There was just about one other item of account in the " good old day " of the 

" twenties " and "thirties," and that was " heads." Many a white trader from across 

the Tasman Sea did business with the canny cannibals for dried tatfooed human 

heads, a CMO that found a good market in Sydney. The "he4 " industry enabled 

many a brown warrior to earn an honest mush* or two or a keg of powder or a bright 

new steel tomahawk 

But for the Exhibition year, 1906-7, New Zealand exported produce to the value 

of cloee on twentp millions sterling. The farms of the eolonp ~rodueed wealth to 

the estimated value of £!2@,oOoy000, of which amount some $15,000,000 worth was 

shipped to foreign countries, chiefly to Eugland, in the form of wool, frozen meat (mutton 

and beef), butter, and cheese. Of gold, over f2,000,000 was mined and exprted ; 

up to date the colony has produced more than E50.000.000 worth of gold. The 

country is by no means dependent upon one or two staples. The sheep-- the dairyfarms, 

the grain districts, the forest, the mine, the fisheries, all send their qua. 

than thirty years ago New Zealand relied first on its wool and next on its gold-mines for 

its commercial well-being. Up to 1880 a slight rise or fall in the price of wool on the 

London market made all the difference in the world to the struggling little colony. But 

the refrigerstor revolutionised things. %en@-five years ago some enterpm -0 

meat-men, with maup doubts and fears, sent the iirst shipment of frozen mutton to 

England by one of the sailing-ship of the Shaw-S8viu line (the " Dunedin"), fitted 

with a freezing-chamber. That ship was the pioneer of a great indnstry. TO-day there 

are more than forty ocean-steamers, ranging from 5,000 to 12,000 tons re@ter, -4 

in part, in canyhg hozen mutton, lamb, and beef, besides *-produce, to the Unifed

FGngdom. The expmt kade in meatthe best mutton and lamb in the wodd-is 

worth, say7 B,000,000 a year to the colony. The wool that the colonfs twenty million 

sheep caqr on their backs is still, as it dwap ass, the c o m of most ~ valudast 

se&s0n7s clip was worth more than seven and a half millions sterling-but it is no longer 

+the one big item. Since the old " Dunedin " spread her topsails for the Horn mn with 

that little cargo of frozen esretlsea a short qmrter of a century ago the meat-freezing 

industry has &umed something like B7,000,000 to the New Zealand producem. Then 

there me the sder items, such as timber and kauri-gum; the latter, a specid produd 

of North Xew Zealand, and worth a good half-million or more a year, is shipped to America 

for use in varnish-making. The flax-hemp, another product peculiar to the colony, ranlied 

next to the "heads" in the olden days when the Jdaori slaves mped and dressed it 

with pipi-shells and their masters bartered it to the Srdney trsding brigs and schooners ; 

now it stands Hth on the list of the colony's exports. The scream of the flaxscntrher 

is heard in hundreds of plsces in the back country, where tons upon tons of the 

long ~hining sword-leaves of the Phiurn temz are daily put through the stripp~machine 

of the hemp-mills. The development of the colonp's immense mineral wealth 

has hitherto been chiefl~ confined to gold and coaL But it has practically every known 

mineral hidden away in its mountsins, only waiting for men and money to work them 

Xost valuable of all will be its enormous deposits of iron-ores in the South Island, and 

its titaniferous sands that blacken the ocm-beaches along the west coast of the Rorth 

Island ; when the modes of treatment of these ores are perfected and foundries established, 

New Zealand ought to be able to produce easily all the iron and steel that 

it requires. 

The people's big task of breakiug in the new d d country, of clearing, away the 

imueme jungllp fore& and filling its place with pastures for sheep and csttle and nith 

homesteads'aild dairy factories, is well supplemented by the Government n-ith its ?peat 

public-works policy. Never was State money better laid out than in the opening-up for 

settlement of the back country of New Zealand. Just at present the biggest public 

work under constraction is the buqding of the Main Trunk Railway, which will short17 

connect the two largest cities and seaports of the colon?; Buckland and Wellington, 

about 420 ndes apart. This line, penetrating the heart of the North Island, where the 

ilmg~Scei~t volcanic mountains of the Tonrjariro National Park swell up into snom.;r 

althdes from the high tussocLq- plateau, dl be a triumph of eugheering. Nothing, 

perhaps, indicates the energy and resourcefulness of the colonist more than the 

manner in which some of these great public works of necessity have been coped 

with. Such tremendous undertakings as the tunnelling of the Port Hills between 

L-rttelton and Chrktichurch, and the erection of the hkohine and Gnll~ 

ducts-models of which were shown in the Exhibition by the Public Works Department-are 

monuments of perseverance and technical skill: And a pet. more colksal 

colonial work has just been begun, the piercing of the crom of the Southern Alps by 

a tunnel more than five miles long, the final l i in the trans-insular railway from 

Canterbury to Westland. This enormous work, which wil take five pears cnd cost 

f 600,000, mill be the greatest national engineering work ever undertaken in Australasia. 

It dl open to railway tra5c a comparatively little-known district, at present only 

reached br stage.-coach or by steamer, which, as visitors to the Westland Court and the 

SIines Court at the Exhibition were able to see for themselves, contains a greater vari* 

of mined wealth than any other part of the colony. The working railwap of the colon? 

--so well illustrated by examples of locomotive^ and cars and every detail of railway 

plant and apparatus in the great Machinery Hall of the Eshibition-are a magnificent 

example of the benefits of State-owned railways and their service to the counfrr corn-

munities. The colony's Government railways covered at the Exhibition season nearly 

2,500 miles, and the money expended on them up to the end of the 1906-7 financial 

pear totalled £23,504,272. They eamed during the year a gross revenue of f3,642,600, 

and the net profit on the year's working htded PS1!2,118 

THE CITIES m Toms. 

A distinctive and fortunate feature of the colony thst the traveller remsrks upon is 

the great number of flourishing amall towns, bath coastal and inland. Unlih so many 

older lands, New Zealand's population does not crowd into the large cities to the d&ment 

of the country and country industries. This is, of corn, in great part due to the 

irregular and sea-broken character of the colony. The chief cities-Auckland, Wellington, 

Chrhehurch, and Dunedin-have populations rangjng from 80,000 down to 58,000 ; 

while they are increasing in size their growth is in propo&011 to the netursl growth of 

the colony, and New Zealand is not likely to see two or three large cities absorbii, say, 

a third or a fourth of its whole population. Out of a total white population of a little 

over 904000, the largest city, Auckland, contains about 9 per cent. Indeed there is 

no inducement to crowd into the cities and large seaports while life in the country is 

agreeable in so many ways. And the people find time and inclination also, in the big 

work of making the wild new countrp a wealth-producing one, to cultivate the arts and 

graces, to beautify their villages, and towns, and cities, and make the land a pleasant 

one to travel through. In environment and in general character each city is a t-ype to 

itself. Each of the four large centres has an individuality born of the variant conditions 

under which the several settlements were founded by the pioneers, and which were fostered 

for many years by the old-time system of separate Governments for each province. 

The vastly improved means of intercommunication has in these later years tended 

towards the demolition of parochial jealousy and insular barriers and prejudices, but 

many of the olden characteristics that marked Christchurch and hedin, for esample, 

still remain. Auckland and Wellington are more cosmopolitan than the South Island 

towns, and their interests are more varied In the essentials of modem progress the 

four cities are well advanced. Each city hm good electric-car services. for example ; 

in all but Auckla~~d these services are owned and managed by the municipalities. 

Population, 31st December, 1906 (European). . . . . , 

Maoris (Census, 1906) .. . . .. . . -. 

Cook and other P dc Islands (Census, 1906) . . 

Arrivals in colonv. . . . . - . . 

Increase in population for year 1906 

Imports, 1906 .. -. 

Exports, 1906 .. . . 

Value of principal esports- 

Wool . . . * 

Frozen meat . . . . 

Butter . . . . 

Phormium . . . . 

Kauri-gum .. . - 

Cheese . .

Number of live-stock- 

&P . . 

Cattle . . 

Horses . . 

~aGe of output of certain principal factories and workssawmill8 

.. . . . . . . . . 

Grain-& . . . . . . . - -. 

Breweries . . . . . . . . . . 

Bacon-curing factories . . .. . . 

Grass-seeddressing .. . . . . . * . . 

Gasworks . . .. . . . . . . . . 

Brick, tile, and pottery morlirr . . . . . . . 

Iron and brass foundries, boiler-making, kc. 

Engineering-works . . . . . . . . 

Printing and bookbIFd& . . . . . . 

Agricultural-implenhent factories' ' . . . . . . 

Coach bllilding and painting works . . . . 

Tanning, fehongering, and wool-scouring establishments . . 

J7umiture and cabinetmaking . . . . . . . . 

Woollen-mills . . - - . . . . 

Cldhii and wateq&i factories - - . . . . 

Boot and shoe factories . . . . . . . . 

New Zealand, despite its youth, has held several eshibitionq which, though pro- 

. vincial in chcrccter, were esee!lent in their way as a means of measuring industrial 

and commercial progress. 811 the chief cities have at one time or another organized 

expositions of industries, sonie of which attracted exhibitors from Australia and other 

part8 of the world. 

The first Exhibition held in New Zealand was one at Dunedin in 1865, and was 

organized by the late Sir James Hector. Even at that earl?- date the Australian Colonies 

were well represented ; the United States sent a displa~, chiefly of machinery and 

agricultural implements. and there was a11 excellent Indian exhibit. In addition there 

was representation on the part of France, Germany, Austria, Holland, and Canada ; 

altogether about four thousand contributors were represented. The Exhibition was 

exeeding1v well arranged, and was well attended by colonists. 

Canterbury's lirst attempt at an Exhibition was made in 1872. This was when the 

Canterbury Province had decided to send an exhibit to the =em Exhibition. There 

mns an excellent response from the settlers of the province. and the organizers were so 

well satisfied with the result that the display was placed on view in Christchurch for 

several days before being despatched to Europe. This liale Exhibition was opened 

by Sir George Bowen, the then Governor of the colony. Eight pears later the Canterbury 

Industrial Association promoted an exhibition of the co!ony's ind&es, which, 

though not a very large display and restricted absolutelr to Hew Zealand goods, was 

visited by about twent~-four thousand persons during the week it remained open. 

So good was the display of local manufactures that a Ro+ Commission appointed 

by the Government visited the Eshibition and published a veT complimentary report. 

In 1882 the first International Exhibition of a comprehensive character wes held 

in Chrbhhurch. This was the Exhibiion promoted by Nesm. Joubert and Twopeny : 

and it, like the recent Intermtional Ehiition, had its site in Hagley Park. It was 

..

purely a private enterprise. but New Zealand local bodies pve every assktamce to the 

enterprising pronioters, and the Exhibition was opened br Sir Axthur Gordon, the then 

Governor, on the 10th -4pri1, 1882. The Exhibition lasted for fourteen weeks, and wa~ 

atkded by 226,300 risitors. Amongst its attractions was a threeda~ flower-show, 

In 1883 the Canterbu~ Industrial -ation organized anather all-colonial Exhibition, 

which had a successful season of six weeks in the old Christchnrch Drill-shed. 

Two years later, in 1885. the capital of the colony held its first E&iv1tion. This 

Expdsition of hTew Zealand Products, Man- and Industries owed its ori+ 

chiefly to Sir Julius Togel, then Colonial Treasurer, who was always keenly alive to the 

value of an Exbibition as a gauge of a comtq's advancement and possibilities. This 

Eshib'ion, which was intended to be the iimt of a series of great Industrial Exhibitions, 

was opened in Wellington on the 1st August, 1885, and remsined open for three months. 

It was the first Exhibition in New Zealand mder State control. It was visited by 

nearly 133,000 people, and as a purely colonial Espoaition was a remarhbly snccd advertisement for Kew products and mannfm. The buildings of the 

Industrial Exhibition covered sn area of about 83,000 superficial feet, fronting Stont 

Street and Wnlore Street. There was no attempt made at any disp1a;r of arc ' 

the building was constmctcd principUc of galvanised iron, relied by roode.~!=~ 

cornices, &e. The Industrial Exhibition was divided into five dijlerent departments. 

The first was testile fabrics, &c., such as (a) thread fabrics, (b) woollen goods, (c) silt 

fabrics, (d) lace embroide~ and himming, (e) hosiery, U) clothing, and (q) jewellery. 

The second departnlent embraced raw and mannfactmd products, forest products, 

furniture, &., fusheries, &c.. agricultural products (not for food), chemicals, leather. kc. 

The third department con1prised machinery, tools, iqlenlents, agricultnral apparatus, 

machines in general, papernlaling-machines, carriages, harness, railwa~ apparatus, 

telegraph apparatus, &c. The fourth department embraced alimentary products, 

f-us products, seeds. bread, fat5 substances, meat and vegetables, condiments, 

fermented ddcs, kc. The mh department consisted of mining apparatus and methods, 

mining products, metallurgical works, chemical works in comection with mining, kc. 

Next came the Xer Zealand and South Seas Exhibition, held in Dunedin in 1889-90, 

the largest Exhibition held in the colo~~~ prior to the Internatiod Exbibitio~~ of 19067. 

The object of the Exposition in Dunedin was to mark the jubilee of the proclamation of 

British Sovereignty over Sew Zealand, which took place in Januq, 1840. A number 

of Dnnedin citizens formed a Guarantee Conmitte. with a capital of f10,OOO. in shof 

e] each, for the purpose of securing the success of t.lw proposed Exhibition. This 

fund was subsequentl;\- increased to over M5,000. The Exhibition was officially recognhd 

by the Government as the colonfs jubii celebration, and a subsidy of £10,000 wa% 

granted by the Tm.asqr. The Government also large]? assisted by endowing the 

Mineral Court, furnishing an excellent Armament Court, and by defra+ the cost of 

bringing out a large number of pictures from England. The Exhibition occupied l2f 

acres of ground. the buildings alone extending over 10 acres. The most prominent 

architectural feature of the main building was a dome 80 ft. high, with a diameter of , 

50 ff. Amongst the countries contributing exhibits were the United Kingdom, United 

States, France, Germany. Ada, Ihly, Belgium. Japan, A d a , Fiji, Samoa, Tongs, 

and other Pacific Islands. The opening ceremony, which took place on the 6th 

Xovember, 1889, was presided over by Lord Onslow, then Governor. Amongst the 

congratnla* messages which the Corrrmisaioners received from all parts of the world 

aas one from the late Queen 'Pictoria, as follom :- 

" The @een heartily congratulates New Zealand on the marvellous p r o made ~ 

daring the last frftc years, and on the signs of recovev from the recent temporary depression 

She highlr ralues the continued expkons of the loyalty of the people of New 

Zealand, and hopes that the attachment to the Mother-country, which has been dm-

NEW ESEDITIOX. 

paired since the proclamation of her sovereign* on the 29th Jmv, 1840, msp long 

continue unimpaired." 

There was an excellent and very comprehensive display of the colony's chief sources 

of wealth and its staple m h . From eveq prorince good displays were sent, 

covering eveg local industry. The Exhibition remained open for 125 da3 and was 

attended by 618,062 people. The re&@ were £55,249 and the expenditure e54,670, 

leaving the Cokttee with a profit balance of Si9 when the Exhibition closed. 

In 1895 the Canterbury Industrial Association held an -4rt and Industrial Exhibition 

in the &&church Dril-shed grounds, where special buildings were erected. This show 

returned a profit of £2,500. 

In 1896-97 an Industrial Exhibition was held m Wellington, lasting t ~ months o 

and yielding a net profit of 41,700. 

In 1898 the Province of Otago celebrated its jubilee with an Industrial Exhibition 

in the -cuhral Hall in Dunedin. 

In 1901 Canterbury held its jubilee celebrations, and a Jubilee Industrial Exhibition 

was arranged by the Canterbury Indurjtrial Associstion, the purpose of which was to 

illustrate to the people of New Zealand and to risitors Kew Zedand's progress, and 

Canterbuq's progress in particular, in arts and manufactures and industries. Tbe 

Exhibiiion was held in the new Canterbury Hall, now His Majesty's Theatre, and was 

opened by His Excellency the Governor, Lord Ranfurly, in the presence of a v q large 

gathering, which included the late Right Hon. R. J. Seddon, Premier of the colony, 

and Sir Joseph Ward. Nearly all the articles shm in this Exhibition were of New 

Zealand manufacture. The Government subsidised the Exhibition to the estent of 

Xl,000. The Exhibition recaiptg totalled fl3,iOO, and the expenditure E10,700. The 

profit to the Association was f3,000. 

In 1898-99 the City of AucHand held an Industrial and Mining Exhibition. which 

received a Government grant. The Exhibiion building was erected in the Metropolitan 

Ground, a' prettily situated green expanse at the rear of Government House. Pri~~ces 

Stteet. All parts of the colony contributed good iudustrial eshibits, but the chief feature 

of the Exhiiition was the excellent display of the Auckland Provinceye grest sources 

of wealth, particularly the gold-mining indm.

SECTION 11. 

THE SITE OF THE EXHIBITION ; PRELININARY HISTORY; THE 

EXHIBITION BUILDINGS. 

PROBABLY no Australasian city could have provided such a beautiful site for an Exhibition 

as that which was selected iu Hagley Park. alongside the willow-shaded waters 

of the Avon,' almost in the heart of the City of Chdhurch. Certainly no ather New 

Zealand ci? possessed such an area of level land in surroundings so sylvan, yet in immediate 

proxi* to the busy tomn. Five minutes' walk from Cathedral Square, the 

VIEIF OF CRRISTCHURCE CITY. LOOKISC TOWARDS THE EXAIBITIOS 

Bmrscs. mon I.~E CATHEDRAL SQT-*RE. 

geographical and business reutre of Christchurch, took one into the cool green parklands 

where the snowy towers. and glowing dome. and long facade of the great Erhibition 

Building rose like a palace of white and gold abol-e the oak-trees. and tlowergadcl~.. 

and fresh enlerald lawnls: where, through weepiag-willo\r arches and pzst tall 

sentr?--rms of \vhisperi~~g poplars, 

-4von's stream. with Inany s twist and tu-in~, 

Stt.i~k snftlp on in tracings seqwntinn. 

The delightful leaf?- domain of Hagley Park---one longs to relive in place of this uncomely 

English uame either of the olden Maori plwe-names of rhe Avon and the land on which 

Christrhnrch City b~a~lds. Otakaro or (Xautrhi-n lnapnificellt heritage of the Christchurch 

peop!e fro111 their thoughtful progenitors the " Canterbury Pilgrims " of 1850, 

covers an area of 480 acres. Of this space the portion set apart for the purpose of the 

Rshibition was about n hundd acres ; a spacious and 101-el!- tract of park-land, grassy 

a~~d tree-adorned. gemmed with r little lake that lent itself admirably to water-sports 

and plemantl?- diversified the ground-contour with its glancing waters ; and all looped 

in by a sweeping bend of the litt!e silver river. All around stretched the City of the

NEW ZEAIAXD ~xmmmo~. 17 

Plsins ; the city with its tall spires and its red slate-roofed houses snd gleaming white 

walls and stately public buildings of stone, rising through the soft green groves and 

the rose-gardens ; here and there a glimp of the winding Awn, with its one or two 

little islands, brimming with beautiful shrubs and flowers, dividing its coarse ; the 

suburbs that shaded off into prettp English-like country lanes and rich green &I& 

dotted with homesteads half-buried in their orchards and sheltering plantations ; ont 

and far the great Csnterbnry Plains, and in the western distances the snow-freaked 

mountains that led back to the Southern Alps. A grand free spread of fair countrylevels 

this, in nowise cramped by enclosing hills. Room to see and breathe ; a fresh 

health-bringing joy-inspiring summer &-a climate that was always of the plea~antest 

except when ap occasional nor'-wester happened to sweep with its dust-clouds across 

the plains ; peeps of cool water-wa? and a very Eden of shade and flowers. Indeed, 

it wss a beauty-spot; even Xew-Zealanders horn other parts. very jealous of the 

attractions and natural advanfag- of their several ~ M V ~ C united ~ S , in praise of the 

judgment that fixed on sedate, rooms leafy Christchurch, with its suggestiou. of a placid 

Old-World atmosphere, and- its plenteous pleasaunces and open spaces, as the properest 

of sites for the colon~'s lGqo&ion. 

A vital consideration n-as that of convenience of access.- Christchurrh Cie lies 

inland seven miles from its port, L-elton. This distance from the port of disembarh- 

tion was, however, a matter of little inconvenience, for the railway arrangements were 

excellent, and passengers, landing from their steamers at the wharf, stepped straight 

into their railwaycarriage and were in the city in half an hour. Lyttelton, always a 

busy port, gained added importance as a shipping-place duriug the Exhibition season. 

GExhibitio~h

The daily ferry service from Wellington, oamed on by the Union Steamship Company, 

engaged some of the company's finest steam818 ; in the height of the eesson, at escumiontimes, 

three or four steamers left Wellington daily for L-ytkhn, a matter of a twelvenow 

mu. This ferry service ixuried all the traflic froin the North Island and man? 

of the orerseas vis'im. The southern part of the South Island wss served by the Bluff 

-Hurnnni Railway section, which camed aU the South Canterbury, the 0-0, and 

Southland visitors, and large numbers of Australians who came mms to the BlafF from 

Melbourne. From Sydney several stesmers, such as the new turbine liner " 3lahen0," 

ran frequent services direct to LytkeIton, landing their passengers there in about four 

days from the time of learing AustmZian waters. 

Historically and topographically there was much to interest the viaitor in the 

beautiful and fertile province of which the Exhiiition City was the metropolis. An 

account of the Exposition that found this district its most fiitting home would be 

incomplete without a note or two ~xplllmeto~ of some of the dent features of the 

Prairie Province, and in brief measure informative as to its pioneering story. 

TRE CA~ERRURI' PRO\-ISLZSL DISTRICT asn THE CITY OF CHRISTCHPRCH. 

Canterbury, although the youngest of the several provincial settlements of New 

Zealand, is the most advanced of any in some importailt respecb. It mrpsea its 

sister prorinces in the thoroughness and ma,pitude of its agricultural operabons, in 

the number of ib sheep-flocks--the eolonfs ,patest source of wealth--and in the excellence 

of its means of access and communication. rlliike the densely wooded North 

Island, the Canterbury Province was chiefl~ open tussock land when first settled by 

white men, and this fact not only miuimised the labour of the pioneer settlers, but also 

enabled the district to be gniclily and d y rosded. 

The Canterbq Provincial Did is about 2%) nliles in length, north-east and 

south-west, aud averages sevene miles in width ; it comprises the central portion of the 

.South Island of New- Zealand. Its western born+ is the huge ice-clad chain of the 

Southern Alp, its eastern the Pa&c ; its seaboard is about three hundred miles in 

lenggh. .A peat portion of the province is flat aud gntl~ undulating land--the famous 

Canterbury Plains These plains are about two and a half million acres in extent ; 

westward and north& are downs and hills, sn-elling away in range after range until 

at last the^ mew into the glittering barrier of the Alps. The tots1 area of the province 

is 9,604,045 acres, of which o11ly about half a dlion acres are forest land. 

The Canterbury Plains are the laud of grain, and wool, and meat. From Chzistchurch 

to the southern boundary of the province at the Waitalii River one passes 

through a very beautiful counw, with many a wayside picture of qukt charm---leafy 

hedgerom, pleasant treegrovea, with sometimes a church-spire rising behind them, 

quite after the heart of the artist ; gardens a mass of glowing colour, orchards rich with 

bending clusters of fruit, haystach and corn-ricks; homesteads embowered in evergreen 

shelter-trees ; fields ripe for harvest or stretchiq far and fallow to the san; now 

did again the whirring windmills of artesian wells: trncks upon trucks loaded with 

wheat at the station-siding in transit to the hold of some great London-bound trsmp- 

Everywhere there are evidences that the land is a fertile, kindly on- grand home 

for the agriculturist and the flockowner. It is the great granary of New Zealand : 

of the ,%,lb acres in wheat for threshing in the colony at the beginning of 1907, no 

leas than 152,453 acres were in Canterbury ; out of 351,929 acres in oats in the colony, 

Canterbury had 153,462 acreg It also has the largest wool-clip and the hest on-t 

of from mutton of any district in the colony. At the end of April, 1907, there were 

5,126,400 sheep m the Canterbury Pro* 

Canterbug as a whole enjoys a splendid climaMeslthy and invigorating in the

extreme. A summer in some of the more favoured spots of the province is a delightful 

experience. 0bse.nrations taken at Lincoln (fourteen miles from Ckistchurch City) 

for a period of twenty-one pears ending December, 1903, gave the followiving results: 

Mean maximum daily temperature. 61-8" ; mean miuimum daily temperature, 43-1' ; 

mean average temperature, 3%.P Fahr. The extremes of temperature were 98.4'' and 

19.9" Fahr. The rainfall for the same period averaged 24 in. per annum. 

Most of the provincial towns are on the line of the Main Tmnk Railway. which nuls 

south from Christchurch City to Dunedin ; the provincial centres in geographical order 

north to south are Ashburton, Geraldine, Temuka, Timam, and Waimate. Tinlaru is 

the port of South Canterbq, and is the d e t for a highly productive agricultural 

and pastoral country. The total length of railways in Canterburp is about five 

hundred miles. There is a ,pat network of ,d vehicle-roads serving all parts of 

the province; the total length of the vehicle-mads in Cauterbury probably ex& 

ten thousand miles. 

The Province of Canterbv was established in 1850 by English settlers sent out 

by the Cauterbw ilssocition, founded in Eaglaud in 1848 by a number of prominent 

-men, of whom Mr. John 'Robert Godiep was oue of the chief ~noving spirits. A large 

tract of country udand from Poa Cooper tras taken over fro111 the Sew Zealand Company. 

It was intended by the founders that Canterbury should be a pwly Church 

of England settlement, and the first bod? of emigrants were all members of that 

Church, and were persons approved of by the hmiation, but this exclusive policy was 

at an earlr date veq considerably mn&ed. The settlement remained under the control 

of the ,hiation, as directed br a comnlittee of managemeut (of which the .Archbishop 

of Canterbury was president) in England. until 1W3, when the whole of 

Canterbu~ became a province of New Zealand under the provisions of the Constitution 

granted to the colony. 

Prior to the official settlement of Canterbv. however. a European settlement 

wns established at dkaroa, Banh Peliillsnla : this w a s a French settlement, fouulded m 

1840 by the Nanto-Bordelaise Co~npnp. The first white settlers on the present site of 

Christchurch were two Scotsmen, brothers, named Deans, fmn~ Riccarton, in -hire : 

they took up their residence on the Plains in 1843. 

The memory of " the first four ships " is cherished by C'anterbnry people, and with 

the lapse of the years a halo of adventure and ronmnce is cast around the Maflowers of 

1850. The picture of those old ships and barques, with their whole 

The 

topsails and their stu'ns'ls, and other old-fashioned details of rig and 

Ships. 

build, present a remarkable contrast to the splendid liners which nowadays 

steam in and out through Lyttelton Heads daiiy. The pioneer 

ship were the " Charlotte Jane," 720 tons, Captain Lamrenee, bringing 154 passengers ; 

the " Randolph," 761 tons, Captain Dale, 510 passengers ; " Sir George Se-ymour." 

8M) tons, Captain Goodson, 227 passengers ; " Cressy " (barque), 720 tom, Captain Bell, 

155 pasen,-. The 6Rt three sailed from Pl-rmonth early in September, 1850, and 

dropped anchor in Lpttelton Harbour within a few hours of each other on 16th and 17th 

December ; the " C-," from London, arrived on the 27th December. Very interesting 

in these daya of record-breaking steam fliers are the logs of the crowded immigrantships, 

telling of fiuious storms and monotonous calm, of running down the easting 

in the " roaring forties," of reefing to a rag of sail, of spnding all " kites " aloft until 

the old hookers looked like mountaim of canvas, and of the joy and exultation which 

pogsessed all hands when they sailed in through the rocky gates of the long-looked-for 

haven in the bosom of the hills The sentiments of those stout-hearted nation-builders 

were well voiced in a song written by &. J. E FitcGerald (aftawards one of the most 

brilliant of the colonfs public men), a psasenger on the first ship. It was called the 

" Niiht-watch Song of the ' Charlotte Jane.' " The first verse ran,-

'Tis the wakh of the night, broth 

And the strong rind rides tho deep, 

And the cold stars, rhining bright, Wars, 

Their mystic eomm keep. 

~omahipherpsthiscl~viq 

The fbshing waters through, 

Em's a health to the land m'm laving 

And th I d we'rfi going to. 

And well the Canterbury p $g fathers fdilled their chorused 

We'n stsnd by one .nother 

In the h d we're going to. 

Through those rough old d8.y they sturdily pioneered their way, opening up the 

great back countq- for their sheep-flocks and their cattle, and rais'hg in the \rilderness a 

city of uncomnlon beauty. Tom Bracken's 

- 

lines on the " Canterbury Pilginu " come 

to one's mind as a poetic tribute to the memoF of the men tu~d women of the "first 

ships " :- 

Though old Albion dear, 

They saw a fairer England here 

&&ting them, the. dauntless few, 

'Seath spldcm &cs of sunny blue- 

. Behold their work ! Ravere their names ! 

Green pictures set in golden fmmes 

Around the CFty of the Sheam, 

Fulfil the Pilgrim' brightat dream ; 

With them a fsirer England grew 

'Sesth s ~ I skier ( of ~ sunny ~ blue.

NEW ZEALAiW EX-ON. 

THE CITY OF CHBISTCHUBCH. 

Christchurch City is reached from the busy port of Lpttelton by a short railwaylie. 

En route the line pierces the Port Hills-a precipitous range of hard volcanic 

rock-by a -el 1,866 yards in length, the longest in the colony. This line, opened 

in 1867, was the first piece of railway constructed in the colony. Some remarkably 

picturesque outcrops of rh~olite rock crown the heights around Lpttelton Harbour. 

which is really the basin of a series of ancient volcanic craters. One notable cragF 

rock, seen high on the left as the train emerges from the tunnel bound to Christchurch. 

is a sharp peak called by the Maoris Te Tihi-o-Kahukura, meaning "The Pinnacle of 

Kahukura "-the chief tutew deitp and war-god of the South Island tribes. The 

pretty suburbs of Heathcote, Woolston, and Opawa are traversed on the rail-run from 

the tunnel to Christahurch. 

Christchurch (population about 68,000) lies on an open plain, and the dead level of 

its situation renders it diilicult to gain a comprehensive view of the city. The look-out 

gallery at the top of the Exhibition tower, 120 ft., afforded visitors a unique panorama 

of the c e and the p l b during the season of the Esposition. The original portion of 

the city as laid out in rectangular form. two miles by a mile and a quarter. The principal 

streets are 66 ft. wide, and there are numerous open spaces and parks, the largest 

of which is Hagley Park Architecturally, Christchurch is a very sightly cftp. It has 

numerous he churches and public buildings, and well-built business quarters, and 

many of the private residences in the citp and suburbs are very handsome structures, 

with beautiful grounds. 

mht in the heart of the ci@ the .Anglican Cathedral, like a sharp taper finger. 

stands high and central, as if to remind the busy townsmen of its claims upon them and 

of the ecclesiastical aspirations of the " Pilgrim Fathers " who pitched their tents here 

amonpt the tussocb by the banh of the OtPlbro fift?l-seven yeers ago. 

The Christchurch &re& &re m&lr na~ned after the bishoprics of the English 

Church-Worcester Street, Amlagh Streer, Tuam Street, and so on-and the open 

spaces. such as htimer Square. kc.. after famous Bishop. Christchurch, too, po~~&es 

an aristocratic tone ; the culture, high rhamcter. and social position of the early settlers 

have desce1ided to the present generation. who treasure with pride the old traditions, 

and the wealth of the wool-kings and the big grain-nieu and merchants has accentuated 

the old-time retinenlent of the Church's bantling. 

C'hurches a ~d bicycles struck many Exhibition visitors as t ~ of o the most noticeable 

features of the city. Nearly ereF one seem to " bike," big and little, greybeard and 

schoolgirl ; the dead flat of the place lends itself particularlp to this mew of locomotion 

and recreation. 

The Anglican Cathedral, standing in the heart of the re, is a beautiful church, 

in the Early English ele, from designs by Sir Gilbert Scott. R.A. The fou~ldationstone 

was laid in 1864 by Bishop Harper. The height of the ton-er and spire is f 10 ft. 

The tower. steeple, and peal of bells were presented b?- the Rhodes femily ; the font 

R-as the gift of the late Dean Stanley, of Westnhster Abber. in memory of his brother, 

Captain Owen Stanley, of H.3f.S. " Britoniert." who hoisted the British 5ag af A h a 

. h b in 1 The pulpit, in marble and alabaster. is r memorial to the b t Bishop 

Selwp The cathedral contains several beaa memorial windows. 

Forty years ago the Rev. Richard Tay1c.r wrote. in " Xew Zealand Past, and Present," 

" The well-built City of Christchurch has more tbe look of an old Gothic tom 

than an? place in the Southern Hemisphere. This taste is carried out even in the 

wmhouses and private buildings as well as in the public ones ; nor is it mhed to one 

section of the community. It seems to be generally agreed that it should be so. Thus 

the Tom Hall, Provhcial and other buildings are in unisou."

Jla~ly Exhibitiou l-isitors found their way out to Riccsrton, the most iuteresting 

historical spot in the immediate neighbourhood of the cit~, and the cradle of settle- 

HistoriC 

menton the Canterbv Plains. Here is the beautiful home of the 

Ricearton Deans's, the " Pint Fandy " of Canterbnr;r. Through a beautiful 

avenue of lime-tlk. and a little forest of oaks the date npper water. 

of the Avon are reached, where flower-beds. and lawmi, and shrubberies, and k- 

clumps border the quiet stream. Across the river are rich pasture-lands level as a table, 

bordered by hawthorn hedges. The soft lawns are shaded by majestic trees, venerable 

in the half-century chronolop of Christchurchjmat gums with monstrous boles (one 

is said to be the fust eucalms planted on the Canterbury Plains), and spreading oaks 

sprung from acorns brought from Cape Colony some yeam ago by Sir George Grey- 

A stone on the lawn marks the historic site of John Deans7 ho-the first European 

dwelling on the Plains. The brothers Deaus (John and William) d e d here in April, 

1843--seven rears before the " Pilgrims " came-and named the little Otahro Stream 

the Avon, after the river that bounded *heir grandfather's home in Lanarkshire. Scotland 

-not, as some have supposed, after Shakespeare's Avon. Rieearhn was named after 

their native parish in Aphire. The pioneers, after pulling up the river to the present 

site of Christchnrch, navigated the upper part of the Otakaro in a Msori canoe-a task 

of great difficdty because of the thick growth of flrrs, " niggerhead," and raupo which 

then choked the slow-running creek They bdt their house here, using "tree-nails," 

or u-ooden pins, to fasten it in lieu of iron 118ils. Between them they had 400 acres 

of freehold land, and in a few years there was a flourishing little farm in the heart of 

the wilderness, the butter mid cheese from whir-h found a sale as far away as Srdney. 

THE PLLPSISC: OF THE EXHIBITIOS. 

The first intimation given to the colon?- of the proposal to hold this International 

Eshibition of 1906-7 was contained in the Governor's Speech delivered on the 

occasion of the opening of the New Zealand Parliament in Wellington in 1903. In 

this speech from the Throne the Governor said,- 

" Next par there is to be a great Exposition at St. Louis, and New Zealand has 

been cordially invited by the Cnited Statcs to exhibit its products thereat. My Ministers 

consider that good \\+ill result therefrom: and, further, that an Exhibition at no distant 

date on an extensive scale in New Zealand \I-ould be to the advantage of a,giculture, 

commerce, and the industries of the colony." 

Sc\wal nlonths later: when bri~lgiug do1\11 the Financial Statement for the ?-ear, 

the late Mr. Scddon, then Premier. gave some details of the proposal. "It. is now," 

he mid, " some years since the colon?- pron~oted all Illten~ational Exhibition. In several 

of the large centres industrial e-xhibitioas have hen successfully held, and this is a good 

auguv for holding a fair on a wale unprecede~ted south of the Lie. This is requisite 

if full justice is to b done to the settlement and development of the colony7 its reyomms, 

and manufactures, its commerce. its grand. unique, aud beautiful scenery, and its arts 

and products. Next year the St. Louis Exposition, to which me propose this colony 

shall send exhibits, takes place. An Eshibition is also to be held at Cape Town, and an 

Industrial Exhibition in Wellington : and to hold an 1ntem.olonial Fair in New Zealand. 

in ]!ME would be most opportune. It is to be hoped that by that time railmy mnnection 

between duckland and Wellin,pn may be effected, and that. Christchnrch map 

have complete connection by rail mth Cheviot. The selection of the place in which 

the Exhibition shall be held has given the Government much concern. Finally, we 

came to the conclusion that Hagley Pa& Christchurch. is the most fitting place. There, 

space is available, the lake and the River Avon lend themselves to gondola, waterchute, 

and sn-itchhck, and, With the electric installation of the city and the electric city trams,

the lneaus of transport are provided. It is now about twenty yetaw &ce the last Colo~hl 

Exhibition wvas held in the City of the Plsins, and, under all the circumstances, I refer 

the suggestion herein contained to the favourable consideration rrf honourable members, 

feelinp sure that they will not, through local consideration, object to that which d l 

prove to be of immense value to the colony. The n d t y for giving help notice, 

and for obtaining shortly the opinion of the House on the matter, ark fmm the fact 

that it will be necessary to commnnicate with the Imperial Government, the Governments 

of other countries-India, China, South Africa, the Commonwealth, and the 

State Governments of Australia-and inform them of the time fixed for holding a pna Intemlonial New Zealand Fair." 

The Premier's westion at that time was not discussed at any length, and it was 

not received with very great warmth although it was not opposed, but the followbq 

year Mr. Seddou once more advocated the holding of the Exhibition. In his Financial 

Statement he urged the desirability of holding the Exhibition immedirrt*, as it would 

follow close upon the St. Louis Exposition and precede the Empire Exhibition in the 

Mother-country. In his opinion the most fitting place for the Exhibition was Hagle~ 

Park in Christchurch. . 

The project now b&an to take definite &ape ; the House voted a sun1 of f 1.00 

to meet prelinunarp espenses, and the Premier, going down to chhtchurch immediately 

after the procoption of Parliament in 1904, met a large gathering of representative 

eitizeus in the Provincial Council Chambers and detailed the proposals of the Goverulue~lt 

in mjrd to the Exhibition. He stated that the Exhibition would be upon a scale 

not previously attempted in the colon?; and, after explaining the liability the Govenl- 

1ue11t intended to undertake, he appealed for the hearty co-opration and assistai~ce 

of the people in the colony in general and those of Cauterbury nl particular in ~uaki~~p 

the Exhibition a success. Vpon Xr. Seddon's mno€ion a resolution was came4 " That 

this nssemblj- desires that the &yor shall d a meetiug at a11 early date to appoint 

s cornlittee to deal Nith the question of the proposed Exhibition." 

At this time Mr. T. E Donne, General Naaager of the Government Departineat 

of Tourist and Health Resorts, w a s hl Anlenca as Conlmissio~~er from New Zealand 

to the World's Fair at St. Louis. At the illstance of Mr. Seddon, Sir Joseph Ward co111- 

~lluniccrted with &. Donne, requesting him to visit various centres in the United States, 

also to proceed to Londo11 and Europe in order to arouse interest amongst manufacturers 

+ad others in the colony's forthcoluiug Exhibition. JIr. Donne spent some time in Loudon. 

where he interested a large number of lrur~iufacture~ and others in the coming Exhibitioa, 

and also visited other large British caltres on a similar mission. Subseque~~tly 

he visited the Lihe International Edibitiot~ and various European cities in pwsual~cc 

of his mi&o~i. As the result of his visit to the Old World a large number of leadi~~g 

British b, and also some on the Continent, made arratsements for representation st 

Xew Zedand's Exhibition. 

The people of Chrisfchurch did not lose much time in settiug to work after Jfr. 

Seddon had paid them his pre- visit. On the invitation of the %or, Mr. C. M. 

Gray, a large nleeting, attended by prominent citizens and delegates from local Wes. 

!\-as held on the 17th November, 1904. After the Mayor, Mr. W. Reece, and the Hon. 

C. Lonisson, and other s p b had expressed their approval of the project, it --as resolved. 

" That this meeting hails with the greatest sa-ction the proposal of the Goveruu~e~~t 

to hold an Industrial E.rhibition in this tic within the next two rears ; a114 

wvhilrrt assuriug the Premier of its e~~thusiastic support and heae co-operation in caqiug 

the proposal to a successful issue. respectfully requests the Government to furuish 

the meeting with a11 hindition of the probable seope of the Exhibition, and also a definite 

statement as to the functions of the Government and the local committee in caming 

out the undertaking."

The Government furnished the Chkkhurch citizens with the desired information, 

and the Exhibition wae soon fairly set on foot, and a large commit& was appointed 

to inaugurate the great mndahkbg. It had been at first intended that the Exhibition, 

under subsidy from the Government, should be controlled b? the people of Chrbtchurch ; 

but it was ultimately decided that the State should control the h c e s entirely, and 

guarantee my loss that might be made. Mr. 6. S. iUm (formerly of the Department 

of Commerce and Industries), at Grst appointed Commissioner represen* the Government, 

was subsequently appointed Esecuti~e Commissioner. and evenhall? Chairman 

of Commissioners and General Manager. &. E. J. Righton, of Christchurch, 

was selected from a large number of other gentlemen as Secretary of the Exhibition. 

The required legislative authority was given in the New Zealand International 

Exhibition Epo\rexjng Act, providing for the appointment of the Executive Comlllissioner 

to take the head of &airs under the Xnhter, for the admission of exhibits 

free of due, and other necessary arrangements. Local authorities n-ere permitted out 

of their ordinary revenue to defra? the costs of collecting and preparing exhibits of the 

resources of their districts, and the Commissioner was appointed to nuke regulations 

for the managelllens of the underta&v. The Christchurch citizens set up over a sore 

of sub-comnittees to deal with the special features of the Exposition ; many of these 

cohttees comprised men of high special and espert liiolrledge of the various depsrt- 

ments intrusted to them, and their zed, energ, and sbdl were well attested to b~- the 

general attractiveness of the big show and the thorough success of the multifarious 

matters of detail that enjoyed their attelltion. 

After much discuasiou and several visits of iuspeetion to the proposed sites, the 

beautiful position in Hagley Park on the Avon's banks \leas at last hided upon, and 

thereafter matters went rapidly 011. Tenders were let for the erectioll of the buildings. 

Messrs. J. and W. Jamieson secured the colltract for the luain building. and Mr. W. R. 

Smith that for the Slachiuery Hall. The architect for the main buildii \ras a. J. C. 

Maddison, and for the machine^ Hall Mr. F. 6. Barlow-. 

LA1ZVG THE FOlTX?)ATIOS-STOSE 

Thc ceremony of la-dig the foundation-stoue of the Eshibition was perfonued by 

the late Premier, the Riiht Hon. R. J. Seddon, as President of the Eshibitiou, on Mon- 

day the 18th I)crcnlber, 1905-a day that \\-as also observed as the anniversary of the 

Province of Canterbury (16th December. 1850). A yev large gathering assembled in 

Hagby Park, 011 a brilliantly su11n;r dar that seeilled to au,w well for the ambitious 

undertaking. The meeting n-as first addressed by the Na~or, Mr. Gray, \rho sketched 

the histon- of the Exhibition n~ovement, and then by the Premier. The foundation- 

stone, laid by Mr. Eeddon, bore the following n1seriptio11:- 

" This stone was laid by the Right Hon. R. J. Seddou, P.C., LL.D., President of 

the New Zealand Intenlational Exhibition. December 18, 1905. J. & W. Janlieson 

(Limited), Contractors for the Main Building. J. C. Maddison, F.R.I.B.&, Archi- . 

tect." 

The Premier, 111 his address, said they were that day &hgl?- colllluemorating e 

great event in the history of Canterburr and the colon?--the arrival of the first four 

ships. Eot far froni the placc where they were pssembled was a spot known as Pilpnls' 

Corner, and ther might take it that it was so uanled because the " P ile Fathers " 

had camped there in the earlr days. Iu their highest flights of imagination and fancy 

those " Pilgrims " could never have realised that such an occasion would be taking place 

that day-that the event they were there to celebrate could possiblr have taken place. 

One and all mast feel deeply grateful to those pioaeers who had endured great h d p s 

with true British pluck, and to them they would be ever thankful, and poskwhy would

ever gratefully remember their efforts. The forest, the plain, and the swamp had been 

subdued, industry and thrift had prevailed. He referred to exhibitions which had been 

held in the past, beyond and within the colony, and said the Rew Zealand International 

Exhibition aonld be an outward ad visible sign to the world of the colony's progress

in fifty years. It would mark its advancemeut iu science, art, hdustries, education, 

and an improved and higher chilisatiou. By the Exhibition an impetus would be givm 

to higher education, secondary educatiou, technical and p r i v education. Comparisons 

would be made respecting work done in the universities. seconda~ schools, and 

technical and primary schools, and the work of the colony would be compared with that 

of other couutries. The advantages from an educational standpoint could not be overestimated, 

and in that respect alone the Exhibition would fully warrant their best 

efforts. He took the opportunity of thanking the Commissioners and the gentlemen 

composiug the various co~~~mitteea who had devoted their time and enem to the work. 

The Government felt sure that those gentlemen would continue their labours, and that 

when it came to opening the Exhibition there would be another gathering unsurpassed 

in the colony. The Exhibition would, he hoped, illustrate to the consuming natiolls of 

the world what New Zesland was as a food-producing countq-. especi* in regard to 

the frozen-meat and daiq industries, and as an importer of goods. Filly, there was 

something unique in respect of the Exhibition : there was no proprietary interest ; 

them wvas ILO one to make nioney o~tt of it. It wss rrl emtnple of further Rate dcveloptuelrt 

; the State was being assisted b!- the pcople, u~lcl the result \\.auld prove beneficial. 

He coa~mended the E-xhibitio~~ to the favoanble c.otlsidemtiou of those present. cud 

hoped they would all do their beat h aid of it by worhclg eaergetically ad harinouiously 

together, so as to inmre that it should be truly represe~rtative of New Zealcud 

and of its prosperity and wealth. 

Sir ~ & wbrd, ~ h in a brief speech, prophesied that the gate admissions during 

the Eshibitio~l season would be full- a milliou and a half-* pdrtio~~ that, as it 

turned out, was more than redi. The work of erec6lg the large buildillgs was carrim1 on with elcpeditioml iud 

euerg?.. The Exhibtion structure was not, however, erected without some nlishapu. 

-1 sudden whirlwind 011 the :%th Jar~uar?; 1906. and a hew?- gale in Jdsrch, deulolished 

large portions of the unfuhhed buildin% but in spite of this 110 serious delay was wee- 

sio~led in the completion of the work Considerable differences of opinion arose fro111 

time to time betweeu the Elrecutire Cotntllissio~lers and the cou~~~uttees and Mr. Mum, 

but all the time the huge structure that wvas to hold the world's work by Avon's side 

rose stage by stage until it stood supreme in all its towered ~najem of white and gold ; 

d then rra the the for ope* approwhd, shipme~lts of merchandise, pictures, and

SEW ZEALCSD ESEIBITIOK. 

exhibits of all descriptioils began to arrive in the Eshibition Ci@ from all parts of 

Australasia and from the distant Noahern lands. Mr. R Allen, of Chrktehureh, 

who had been President of the Canterbyr Jubilee Eshibition in 1900, aud who was in 

November. 1905, appointed an Executive Commissioner in association with Mr. Mm, 

resigned his position in August, 1906, owing to ill health and other reasons, much to the 

regret of the Chriskhurch public. Messrs. W. Reece and G. T. Boath, of Ckistchurch, 

were then appointed co-executive Commissioners with Mr. Munro, who was appointed 

Chairman of Commissioners; but during the progress of the Exhibition Mr. Reece 

resigned. The Mayor of Christchmh, the late Sir John Hall, had been appointed an 

Esecntive Commissioner chiefly by due of his office. but owing to his advauced age 

it was not desired to let a large share of the work fall upon him ; neverthelegs he did 

much to influence popular sympathy and interest in the national undertaking. 

It was early recognised that good music would be a desirable, in fact au indispensable, 

feature of the Exhibition. Mr. Alfred Hill, the talented ,row musician and composer, 

was appointed by the Government leader of the Government Exhibition Orchestra, 

aid accompanied Mr. T. E. Donne, one of the \'ice-Presidents, to Australia, and there 

selected a large number of the members of this orchestra, which so successfully set a 

new standard of music to New-Zealauders dn~lg the season of the Exposition. 

&. Do~ule visited New South Wales and \%toria. and his energy and eilthusissm 

iu the interests of the New Zeelaud Eshibiion largely influenced the escellent arrange- 

~uents d e in those States for displays at Christchureh. 

Mr. George S. Muuro, to whom the Government had entrusted the geucml malugemeut 

of thc Exhibition, was formerly engaged in mercantile pnrsuita in various parts of 

New Zealand. and immediately prior to his appointment was Chief Clerk of the 

Government Department of Industria and Commerce. He brought a useful prac-tical 

business knowledge to bear on his ditlicult and responsible task, a d did a vast amouut 

of v-ork in a poaition that presented exceptional difficultia.

OFFICIAL 1LIST. 

EXEIIBITIOIY OFFICERS -D COEUJTTEES. 

The followiug is the OBicitl List of tho Now ZGsland Edtibition, as appointed prior to the openwg 

in 1906 :- 

PATE~~ : 

His Esdlcney the Go-OT* 

Tho Right Eon. Warn be, Baron Pllmkst, Knight C o d w &.tho %pal Victorisn Order. 

PBPIIDES~: 

Tho Eon. the Premier, Sir J. G. Ward, ILCJLG. 

Vrca-~EaSmgyrr : 

Boa W. EalI-Jonei 

Hoa J. CerrolL 

Eon Georgo Fowids. 

Eon. J. &Go- 

Eon. A. Pitt. 

Eon. T. Y. Duncan. 

Eon. J. A. Ella... 

Eon. R JLcNsb. 

Eon. C. E Milk. 

Eon W. Wmbcr Rooms, High Conuuissioncr for Sew Zhbnd, bndon. 

His Worship tho Mayor of Christchurch 

His Worship tho Mayq of Dunedin. 

His Wmhip the Nsp of Wellington. 

His Wo~hi11 the JLayor of Aurklaud. 

T. E DoM~, &q., Gene.* filuger, Dclwtment of Touiist and. Hdth &sorts. 

Lrsr OF ExRcm1m c0mlIssI0sggS 

Appointed udQr Cbwe 2 of " Tho Sow W d Inteamational Exhibition E~~~poaesing ht, 1W." 

Tho Right Hon. tho Earl of RanflirIy. C.CJLG. It J. Seott. E;q-. .M~.iaicle. 

The Right Eon. the Ed of Onslow, G.C.JLG. R K. Thomas. Esq.. Adelside. 

The Eon W. P. &van, budon. J. & Reid, Eq., Adelaide. 

Sir E d d X XeIson, KC.MG.. London. kL 3L Mn, Elq., Adcloido. 

Sii Chsrlw % ~n. Lundon. 

A J. JI~may, Esq., Mellaido. 

Sir kidore Spiebnn, Kt.. Landon 

G. F. Clclsnd Esq., Mebide. 

Sir 5.ndford Flaming. ECXG., Canada. C. & Ikon. Esq., Perth. 

R J. Young, Esq. 

Hoa S. J. JIoore, P&h. 

Loois P. Ezebcl Enq., Cinehti, U.S..l Syhy Stuhbh Eqq., JIsyor, Perth. 

The Eon J. EL Csrruthem, Sydney. 

Hon IF- Kidscon Bdslwne. 

F. AV. Jackson, ERq., Sydney. 

John Crwe, Elq.. JIaLsyo.: Bsix~c.. 

E Owon Cox. Eaq., Syduey. 

HOIL J. IV. Em*, Hobart. 

The Right Hon Allen Taylor, Lvrd Jbyor, ,Illad Crisp, Sq., 3Iaytn. Hobart. 

Sydney- Ht-nq- Wt. Eqq., -111cklancl. 

Tho Hon &rcxl Jhkh, Mrlh~mn-. -A. M. 31ym. E

NEW ZEALAND EXHTBfilO??. 

HIS E X ~ CTHE P GOVEB~.OB, TH~ RIGHT Hox. Lon PLUNH~T, K.C.V.O.. 

PATEOX OF THE NEW Z~llldhm EHWmorx, 1906-7.

HOK. Wu. HALL-JONES, EX-MIXIS~Z TOR RIIL~-\.ATC 

asn Punx~c WOBHS, KER- ZEALA~~. . 

(Sow High Con~missiooer for Xer Zealanrl in London.)

Hos. -1. CARROLL, 

S E ZEALAND. 

~ 

JIINISTER FOB NATIVE AEFAIES

Hos. J. -4. .\IIuR. ~\IIXIS?EB OF EAILI\-AYP, SEW ZEALIUXD.

Hoa. ROBERT JIcSAB. Ex-Y~strnm OF TA%sns 

SEW 

or -ir;~rro&m~. 

.\m J~ISISTEB 

ZEIWSD.

Hos. C:EO. FOWLDS. JIISISTEB or Enrcmos. asn .\lrsrs~m OF 

PCBLIC HULTH. SEW ZEALAKD.

SEW ZEXLhND EXl3IBmON. 

Hos. J. C:. Frsn~.\r. T.I..U.. -TIORS=-( :ESER\L .\SD .\IISIS~R 

OF JTZTICE. SEW Zw~\sn.

OFFICIAL LLm

SEW ZlUlAhm EIHIBfTIOS. 

Tilt. LATE SIR JOHS 1-..-, .\~AYoR OF ~zxAlSTLncn~n.

OPBICXAL RECORD

4 Exhibition. 

NEW W W ESHTBITIOX.

NEW ZEAChYD EXAIRWON.

Hox. C. H. Lor-lssos, N.L.C., C~alnl~as or FISASCE COXIUITIEE

I - - - 

J. A. C~ssxur. EsQ.. %LICITOR FOR THE EXHIBI~OY.

THE ESHIBITIOX COJIJIITT~S. 

. - 

Iluvk Itt,rr: J. L. Scott. P~wle.wr Scatt, Dr. Levinge, -1. W. Iki~ve~~. I:. Uuchanan, T. J. 

JIrHviclc. J. F. Gnersnn. H. Quane, H. J. Marriner, J. Jamieson, W. W. Charters, 

Hen. H. F. \Yigw~n. 1I.L.C. 

.lliclrllr 1t1,to: R. E. 1IcDougaU. J. C:. Jiwre, Dr. Chilton, Lieut.-Colonel Ha\\-kins, C:. Scott, 

E. J. nighton (Secretaly of Exhibition), H. R. Rusbridp 

Fr~~rrt-ltmc: -1. Elye, IV. Xiuson. J. A. Frostick, C. Y. Gray, 31.P. (Chairman), W. Reece, 

C. T. Booth. H. \I7. Bishop, S.11. 

.Ibcr.rt: (:. It. Hart. Dr. Jenninp, Hon. C. Lobn, M.L.C., H. Overton, A. E. G. Bhdes, 

C:. C. Stead, J. C. ITilkin.

.Sfrtrding: F. J. Sott, T. H. Ber, B. 11'. Enghd, H. R. llusbridge. . 

Sittitcg: I\'. Itewe, G. Smtt (Chainnan), E J. Righton (Suc1t;lry of Exbibition), T. \\ 

-4 lst.nt : T. X. Hurslcy, A. D. Dobson.. 

J)ECOR.ITI\-E COUUXT~E. 

Stnsdiaq: P. L. Hallenstein, IV. Scy, P. Presants, G. W;'. Bradley, Thotnas Gapes. 

.Fittiall: W. Reere. G. R. Hart (Chairn~an), E. G. Highton [Secretar~ of Exhibition). 

.Ibde~ll: \T. Bzllantp~e. P. Hercus.


I,:~;HTISG COYUI~TEK. 

.Vtnccrlir~q: F. H. Chamber1;lin ~(l",nsul:in:. Liyhtil~g Engineer), E. C. dshljy, G Y:~yling, 

P. I,. Hallt.nstein, 11. Pearce. 

.~itti~~y: -1. L. Pirrron:, -1. IT. 13e:ivt.n (Ch;~irn~an), 

E. d. Righton (Secretarr). 

?;~rorrlicy: T. C. Hement. W. Seate. T. Danks, E. Cuthbert, J. Falkinder 

.%ittifig: Dr. Gt~ulburn Gibson, Dr. Jennings (Chnirman), E. J. Righton (Secretary of 

Exhibition). 

Absent: C. B. Chick, -1. D. Dubson, Dr. Finch.

SPA= Couu~mr. 

qtnrlflin!~: .I. I. Scott. E. J. Righton (Secreta~ of Exhibition,. 

.c;tfir!r: .I. Coles. T. -3. JIrBridc (Chairman). \T. Sey. 

.-i /*.

OFPICIU. RECORD 

SEW ZFALIXD ~ Y U P COX~Z- 

A ~ 

Sf,r~idis~: E. H. Hnghes. A. Henderson. R. Ha-vward. W. Moor jun.. W. F. Hilmn. 

J. Jfitchell. -1. W. Bearen. P. L. Hallenstein. R. O'Brien 

Sittitwq: -4. G. Howland. G. H. B!ackwell, J. L. Scott (Chairman), E. J. Righton (Sccrctng 

nf Exhihition). H. D. Pine. 

.4lnsrri: P. HCITUS. 6. C. \\'ilkin, R. E. JIcDoogaU, -I. Ccles. J. Muit. 

AG~CCLTCRAL .!hm P.~STOB\I CO~IYITTFX. 

Stnt~rl[,~q: G. \V. Thomas. R. Reid. F. Archer, -1. H. Turnbull, James Henderson, E. J. 

R~ghton (Secretary of Exhibition). 

Sittin!!: D. D. JIncfarlane, H. Ovel-ton (Chairman), E. G. Stnreley. 

.Ih.**rt: Dr. Levinge, I\-. Reece.

Mrmr?rulr Couu~nn. 

.$tn!rdirrg: E. J. Righton (Serrrtar~ nf Exhillition). 

.

T 

'imdiag: F. C. B. Bishop, R. T. Bailey. C:. Hurslev, E E , E. W. Seager, J. -4. Cmidp, 

G. Copper, W. S. King, G: R. Hart. W. V. 'Siddall, ieutenant Merton, G. M. Hd, 

Dr. Bradshaw, Sapt. E. Sm~th. 

tti.9: F. C. Gerard, -4. Kaye. J. -1. Frostick (Chaman), E. J. Righton (%retauy of 

Exhibition), F. Graham. 

bent: W. Devenish Yeares, R. C. Rishop. R. A. Home, J. J. Dongslt, F. C. Raphael. 

FISE ARTS COYYITTEI- 

Standing: S. L. JicBeth, \Y. Sey, P. Presants, E. J. Righton (.Secretary of Exhibition), 

L. Balfour. 

SittLg: A. Evans, W. JI. Cibb, J. Jamieson (Chairman), H. R. Smith, McGragor Wright. 

db~rrt: J. Ho~sley, S. I.. Thompson.

NEW ZEAZb'ND ICmmox. 

Stnr~di~g: J. C:. Davis. J. B. -4lmst1rtng- H. P. Jlorray-dynsley, W. La\\.pence. Dr. C. .I. 

Russell, -1. W. Buxton, H. Cottei'iil. 

Sitting: A. E. Iro\ve. W. Jones, Dr. J~ring (Chnirman), E. J. Rigbton (Secretary of Exbibltion), 

-4. R. Ragg. 

.ibsrlrt: H. d. hn-ickt H. J. Jekyll, H. 4:. Ell. 3I.P. 

X~mafi H~smnr COXX~EE. 

Stnr~dir~: F. \irayn~uutb. -1. R. Bloranl. Hon. C. C. Bowen. M.L.C., J. Drummond. 

.Titting: E. J. Righton (Secretmy of Exhibition), E. R. Waite, F.L.S., Dr. Chilton, Y.9.. 

D.Sc., F.L.S. .(Chairman), Dr. Coclmj-ne, Ph-D., Car. F. Bot. Soe. Edin. 

.-lhwnt: .T. J. Kinsey, E. F. Stend.

OFVIClAL RECORD 

~OEKISG E-TS COMXI~E. 

Standing: J. Maddren. W. Drrlo~c-. T. R. Wright, I\' Congrere, .I J. Black, T. Clarkson, 

0. Von Sierakowski, G. T. Bradley. 

Sitting: C. B. Cogan. R. Bucbanrn (Chnirman). E. J. ltighton (Secretary of Exhibition). 

Abrent: -4. Peppl~r. C. -1. Seager. 

Standii~fl: T. G. Strange, -4. C. hIclntvre, A. Wilkin, G. Biinz, T. Crook, E. Bartleg, 

S. Viebb. 

SitLi~r~: -4. IT-. Fielder. G. K. Bennett (Chairman), L. J. Righton (Secretary).

SEW ZEAW?J?) EXFiIBlTIOS. 

PFUST~SC .4SD ADVEX~SING ~OYYIT~EE. 

Stnndirg: F. -1. Cook. H. R. Ik~rrmen. IV. Fenner, Thomas Gapes. 

Yitting: .I sf. Owen, W. W. Charters (Chairman), E J. Bighton (Seeretarp of Exhibition). 

-4bzc11t.: .I. C. Xitchinmn, W. Jiinsnn. C. D. Morris. 

.


.Stn~~rli~tq: J. T. Scott. IT. Ninson, K. Enzlish. 

.Eitti11!1: Dr. S. C. Farr. Pnrfessor 1:. J. Scott (Chairman), E. .I. 1:i:lrtnn (Secretag of 

Es1iiI)ition). 

.I ~ .*I,II~ : 1'1.1~ic.ssnl 13ic.lirrton. Dr. ('hilton. H. R. I:nsl~~ irlce. Dr. Evans 

MAOBI chmmfE. 

Stnnding: T. Maude, G. 3IcGregor (Snperintendent), R. Cru, Dr. P. Buck (Te Rangihim). 

Sitting: E. J. Righton- (Secretary of Exhibition), 4. H. Turnbull, H. W. Bishop, S.M. 

(Chairman of Committee), -4. Hamilton, Professor BIadan Bm. 

Absent: J. F. Wachsmann.

NEW e&BL&XD 'PgIBITfON. 

Stcr~~clin~: G. H. Jli~sno. \I-. H. -\tack. E. Xnrdon. 

SitLiny: C. T. .lschman, J. F. Criers1)n (Chairn~an), E. J. Kiphton (Sec~rtary of Exhibition). 

Slorilisy : T. Kwwlton (Canadian Commission), R. Broadbent (Canadian Coelmission), E. 

Sicholls (Victorian Representatit-e), A. W. %pard (Capadian Commission), A ;I Long- 

den I Art Representative, British Commission), E. J. Elghton (Secretq of Exhibition): 

H. Durie (Sew South Wales Representative). 

Sitting: W. A. Bum (Executive Commissioner for Canada G T. Booth (Execatire a m- 

missioner of Exhibition), Captoin Percy Atkin (British Ckmmissioner), W. Reece (Execu- 

tive Co~amissioner of Exhibition), H. J. Scmtt (South Australian Commissioner).

OFFICIAL BECORD 

(Of which photograph~notobtainrbla' 

~onismn. on. c., XLC. Lap. A. ~uAphreF, cemga 

(-1. W. It. Wigram. Eon. H. F., XLC. 

RboQs, A. E. G. s-4, G. G. ~ w . K 

BUPI1,B 

J. s. Bond (CaLairnrw). 

F. J. Brooks 

R T. T11dcholm 

W. F. h a 

*'ge EdIF-Iwr. 

J- w. Enis. 

W. G. Wane (Chsirmac). 

\v. V. h1Lis 

X. J. Sing. 

F. W. Wia 

Ydm* 

-4. mx3.U. 

Dr. JI. E Rc&utm. 

J. Riddell. 

T. Phillmtts. 

E Ywd- 

J. Reid. 

-l 3IcGdllnm. 

F. R e d d 

3. J. carry. 

D. Biskll. 

R. H. Smale. 

K. AdarnR 

S. C. Brown. 

J. EL Esuison. 

0 Rhcdsa 

EEAaama, 

G. Phsar. 

L J. B.gnslL 

0. Nicholson 

W. R Eolmes (&cretaq). 

c Bo.m. 

T. B. In.. . 

\V. F. Usson. 

- Vaider. 

E Sde. 

Allen Ikd (Sucretsr~-). 

W. We. 

Q mkite. 

D. smort. 

J. Bmm 

a T8pp. 

R NcWlum. 

S. 3t Nevinc 

w. Pollkrd. 

H. D. V a ~ ~ . 

F. Psine. 

T. W. Orr (SwetaryV

G. E Gothsrd. 

E D. JLosLey. 

T. Corby. 

F* Neve. 

J. Coivin, XER 

- Yorris. 

L J. c.prmine. 

E Bdson 

R Taylor. 

E L M 

T. Y. E Seddon, JLER 

D. J. Evans. 

J. S. Benyon. 

w. J. C a w 

w. E Harris. 

c N. G%vmlbd. 

The %yor of Ti& .- 

The Jtayor of wainlate. 

Ths Jlayor of Geddine. 

The Jtayor of Temuka 

The Chairman, Levels County 

Council. 

The chimum, Xackenzie 

County Counc5 

H3 Worship tho JIayor 

Dunedin (Go111misioner& 

James Fhdett. 

William Feh 

Jesse Hayma. 

D. JIcPhenron 

L W. H ~ L 

A. Xoritzwn. 

J. Brinsiey. 

Jos Braithwaitc. 

wed C d 

R k Youog. 

J. Brsdley. 

&Bell. 

G. Cothsrd. 

- IZe- 

Eon. J. Marsh& 

A. J- Wich 

Eon. k R GIlimes. 

F. XcCerthy. 

J. XlUdL 

A Benjamin 

T. w. Bruce. 

E Gibbg 

A. J. Ssvine. 

J. L XUIW)~. 

F. F. xnnro. 

E m 

G. IAWU 

w. E Boaster. 

t E y R 

&be& Burnett. 

J. Petrie 

Eon J. HoImea 

E 4licheL 

J. xardoch. 

J. Grimmond. 

J. Thompson. 

6. J. Roberts (Commkiomr). 

hnk J. Ylulson (Branch Seers- 

tsrsr 

Sod Canterbury. 

Chakmw, C;Jraldinm County !Ute President, &hie h and 

Council. P. &3ociation. 

Chirmnn, Waimate County The Presidmt, South Chnterbmy 

Council. Chamber of Comme.rce. 

Tho Piesi&nt, T i m A. and The Committee South Canterbury 

P. Aswchtion. Chamber of Commerce. 

The Pmsiclont, maimate A. and R Leslie Orbe& Secretary.. 

P.i&mciatioa 

hdin 

of Jams YWls, &q. (Commis- John Roberts, Eaq. ~~ 

sioner). sioner). 

EL F. Yea W- 0. Bridge- 

\v. Davidwm. 

R Fsrgusaaa 

Dr. T. JL HOC~IL James Allen, XER 

T. W. \Vhitmt. D. Tarmoek 

Jamw Walk:. R Findby. 

P. Pattudlo. G 3IcDonakl 

Jew Timnon. 

R W * 

P. C. Corlcu. 

SoatAhnd. 

W. B. %mhtt (Pmidet~t). L E Ha&. R. A. ,A~~oDo~. 

J. L Rsmn, XER. (Vice- k Siclair. G. W. NichoL 

President). How E Fcklaick XLC. J. C. Smith. 

W. B. Hun$. J. Callend-. James Mihe. 

J. E Watson. J. C. Thomson, JLER R Men. 

C S. Lowet. - E A. 3bp. EL =fert. 

J. Ccoabie Smith. R JLcSab, 3LER W. G. XcIhEey. 

I. WV. Raymond. JL Thompson W. Ehdpwide. 

The following were tho principd Exhibition oicias W e a *Mr. (f. S. JLunro, General 

3kmger :- 

D i of Fiua~lce. lL= D. G. Clark Director of Art Unions, Mr. Alfred Evan& 

S-, &. E J. Riggtotoa Director of School Escu~ionq Jk. C. J. Adam. 

Director of Entertainments, JIr. Tom Pollard. Inspector of Selling Concessions JEr. G. A Cronl. 

D i of Admissions, Mr. J. U. Collins. Registrar of A& Mr. J. W. Perry. 

Wer, 3k. W m Gtephena

THE EXTTIBITION BUILDINGS AND GROUKDS. 

A GENERAL VIEW. 

" HAEBE-MAI ! " in letters of fire that blazed out afar by night and shone in a glitter 

of gold by day welcomed one to the big Fair. The Maori's cry of greeting has long ago 

hen adopted into the white XewZeahder's tongue, and it came as a pleassnt poetic 

invitation-ne that savonred of the soil-to see the words blazoned on high over the 

great main entrance-way of the Exhibition. " Haere-mai" shone out by night long 

before one reached the Avon bridge that admitted to the park punds, and it met 

the eye again painted above the trvnstile entrances at the bridgeway. Perhap the 

best impression of the ,oreat size and the general archi* grace of the buildings 

u-aa that to be pined from some distance outside the main entrance-at any rate 

at night. Though the belt of trees along the Avon's banks concealed the lower part 

of the buildings from view, the towers glittered aloft in a glov of golden light; 

the greeting-words were clearly outlined in electric lights, and the curve of the 

dome became more beautiful even than by day in its line of fiq radiance strmwa 

out against the blue-blackness of the night sky. At the sarmuit of each tower an electric 

star glittered in more than starry brilliance. Below, the trees in lea@ thiclmm of shadow, 

and between their trnnlii and branches twinkled the thousand lights of the Palace of 

Arts and Industries. The pqeous blaze of the frontal towers found reflex on the quiet 

waters of the Avon, where bdly a ripple rose to break the picture of gold and fire that 

painted its placid mirror-face. Within the punds, where scents of unseen flowers 

rose from the park beds and where a cool fountain splashed and tinkled, the full blaze 

of the facade made the entrance-1~ and the flanking lam ~leariy as light as day. 

Enchanting as the picture was by wt, broad daylight, while rm-ealing prosaic 

details that the darkness and the elkc light ethereolised, enabld one to n~ore full? 

appreciate the extreme beauty of the Eihibition-site. The centre of the Exhibition 

Buildings was a bare half-mile to the uorth-west from the heart of the cit+hthedral 

Square-yet the general surroundings \\-ere comltry-like and altogether delightful in 

the da.m of the brilliant Canterbv summer. The front of the Edihition Buildiu,os-a 

quarter of a mile of front-ran parallel with the long tree-shaded thoroughfare. Park 

Terrace. and with the course of the Avon that ran between. 011 one side of Park Terrace 

prett?- dm-elliags and t\\iuing rose-gardens ; on the other the little river, hardly nlox+, 

under its swaying willows. The main entrance, opposite Kilmore Street, was through 

a decorative gateway, where turnstiles clicked and re@stered the number as one passed 

in, then over the river by a bridge that was in itself a piece of onla~nental architecture. 

The river-course here n-as just due north and south. The southern end of the grounds 

-that \ray lay " Wonderland "-was reached by another gateway. At the northern 

end, fronting the SIsehineq- Hall, a narro\\-er entran~e-~a~-for foot-passengers only-. 

gave access from the tram terminus to the punds; this was- was covered in right 

up to the Exhibition Buildings. 

The main-entrance bridge crossed, the visitor found himself in a beaueautifnl park, 

\&h the ,pat white front of the buildings lifting in snowy walls and towers from cool 

le~lgths of green turf and brilliant flower-plots, The Avon brimmed to the feet of the 

overarching willows, and by the waterside grew ferns and clumps of New Zealand flax, 

&palms or cabbage-trees, swishing bamboos, and arum lilies gleaming white amidst their 

great cup leaves. Inside the belt of willows grew groves of fine English oak and elms: 

planes, chestnut, and sycamore, in faU leaf during the Exhibition season, and casting 

a delightful shade over the gently sloping riverside and the smooth grassy lawns. It

was a-pleasant little woodland scene, made more pleasant etill by m y a bright ,pup 

of f& in all their glo~ of summer-time attire. Then the flowers and the flowerbeds--mkrpieces 

of harmonious miour. It was from the Exhibition tower that the 

garden-scheme was seen at its bed. The lawns were dotted with about forty flowerbeds 

of various decorative shapes, mntahing geraniums 01 fie prettiest varieties, pansies, 

asters, petunias, lobelias, white and yellow violas: marguerites, and heliotropes. Then , 

along the immediate front of the main building, running its whole lenggh, there was a 

beautiful fringing flower-bed, relieving the bareness of the foundations, and containing 

some of the finest varieties of geraniums and dahlia4 and many ornamental shrubs 

and conifers. -4n enormous nmlber of plants had been set out by the gardeners, totaw 

somewhere near a hundred thousand. The flower-&en scheme was seen at its glory 

in Febn~an- and March, n-lien the gelielrl effect of the landscape gardens was the admiration 

of visitors from~a11 parts, and, in particular. of some of the best-known Australian 

horticulturists. Some of the most beautiful of these la\m-gardens were the beds of 

scarlet gerailiu~ns, the yellow calceolarias, the violas, much used as edging as well 

as bed-plants, the pansies and pblox. the ix~-geraniums, and the rich crimson nasturtiums, 

which made anEeye-delighting ornament on the south side of the Canadian Court 

and in other parts of the grounds. 

A large fountain stood in the centre of the ,pounds, opposite the main entrance, 

and dividing the wide pathway in its course. Lom right and left from here the eye 

took in the whole grand sweep of the buildings, from the Machinery Hall on the right 

mith its noble arched roof, to the handsome white pavilion of the Canadian Court near 

the extre~ue left end of the main building. The great dimensions of the building and the

commanding height of the towers and central dome now began to be grasped, The 

whole length of the front, including the Hachinery Hall, was 1,310 ft., or almost d y 

a quarter of a mile. Two lofty towers roae in graceful columns on either side of the 

main entrance ; these were each 160 ft. high. Between them rose the burnished carve 

of the great dome, and below the dome lay the main entrance, approached by a wide 

and stately row of steps ; on either llank were lofty fluted columns. The French Renmksance 

style had been adopted for the architecture of the front elevation, and in its 

snowy coat of stucooline the building seemed, when first its gleaming front met the 

eye through the halfconcealing trees, some palace of white marble all too he for such 

an ephemeral purpose as that of a fivemonths exhibition. 

The trees that so beautified the Exhibition gro~mds also from many poinCe of view 

served another useful purpoae : they mercifully concealed, or only half revealed, as 

one entered by the main avenue, the ugly huge tank-like strnctnre of the Cyclorama, 

which by some inexplicable error of judgment had been permitted to stsnd nearly on 

an alignment with the front of the buildings, instead of being relegated to a psition 

somewhere in the rear. Thii was the one bad blot on a scheme of design and architecture 

that was generally in fine harmony with the natural surromdings. 

Before entering upon a detailed dewription of the interior of the buildings, parti& 

as to the 

- 

dimensiom of the Exhibition sbchm~ generally can best be given here. This 

data includes the cust of the various buildings and annexes, as wd as measaremenis 

and quantities of the principal materials used. 

The Exhibition was housed in the largeat building that has ever been erected in 

New Zealand. There was mder cover about 14 acres, including the Main Building, 

the 3hhhwy Hall, the Concert Hall, ht Galley, and Fernery. 

The Main Building, commenced in December, 1905, and fmished in 

September, 1906, absorbed over 2,000,000 ft. of timber for its framework 

alone ; the timber used was rim0 (dpine) from a Weatland 

mill, specially cut for the Exhibition. It rested upon d e n piles 8 in. square ; 

about 25,000 of these piles were used. The miing of the jdain Building took 225 tom 

of galvanised iron. The skylight of the roof covered about 100,000 square feet, consisting 

of 11,oO squares each containing 10 ft. The glass used was rough plate about 

fin. thick, from the gluts-works at St. Helen's, Lanaiahire. In addition to this 

the side lights occupied li&OlM squsre feet. The guttering round the building and 

between the annexes covered two miles, and 12,501) ft. of ridging were used. Between 

40 and 50 tons of nails were used in fastening the timber together, and 70 tons of paint 

were used on the outside of the building. Over 500,O ft. of piping (mostly for stormwater 

purposes) were used, and between 5,000 ft. and 6,000 £t. of high-pressure waterpipes. 

17,000 square feet of mberoid were used in covering the large dome and the 

two lofty front towers. &ch tower was 160 ft. high and !B ft square at the base. The 

southern tower was fitted with an electric iift, conveying people to the top of the 

tower from which there was a magnificent view extending over the whole of Christchmh 

and the plains-from the Alp on one side to the ocean on the othek The strikingly 

white and bright appearance of the buildings was due to the use of stuccoline, with 

which the whole of the outside was covered. The stmcoline was placed on in plates, 

each modelled, and cast to the shape required, on the pun& ; they absorbed about 

200,000 casks of plaster, U) bales of hemp, and 50 casks of stuccoline. The cornices, 

parapets, and pediments were constructed of stamped steeL with a total length of 12,000 ft. 

The safe anchorage of the large front31 towers was given special attention to by the 

Public Works Department, as, when in course of construction, the building had been 

shuck by a gale and partly demolished. Thirty tone of railway metal, about 5,000 ft. 

of htuhdkn ironbark timber, 23 tons of wire rope, and 300 tons of shingle and soil 

for tilling up, were used in anchoriug the towers.

NEW ZEAIdW EXEXBITIOS. 

Within, there was the M& Hell, 71 ft. quare, sarm0~1~.ted br a very beautiful 

dome, the summit of which was 90 ft. from the floor. On the north of the hall there 

was in one corner the entrance to the offices occupied by the Chairman of the Executive 

of Commissioners and his &ff ; further on, a passage led to the rooms set apart for 

the Minister in Charge of the Eshibition. On the south side wss the entmce to 

a suite of fornished rooms occupied b;r Bis Escellenc~. the Governor. North and 

sonth of the hall a g were ~ the lua;n avenues, each 90 ft. wide, with a gallery above. 

20 ft. in width, running all round them. Passing into the Main Building, westward 

from the entrance hall, was the Main Corridor. 200 ft. in length and 62 ft. wide. On 

each side of the corridor mere offices for the Telegraph Department, Post 05ce, Police, 

Customs, and other Departments. and archways gave access to other psrts of the Main 

Buildi~~g. At the far (western) end of the corridor was the large glass front of the section 

devoted to the Feme~. Along the western side of the Main Building ran a great 

corridor. 1,000 ft. in length. traversing the whole of the building from north to south. 

Westward 

- 

of this corridor again were various annexes, mmbg 280 ft. back from the 

hlak Building. 

North of the Maim Building, and making a continuons frontage with it, was the 

Machinery Hall, a large and handsome structure. In sele it was distinct fiom the 

Main Building. The facade stretched for over 900 ft. parallel with the 

river front, and consisted of a h e arched central entranoe, with a well- 

MPchnorJ proportioned tower on each mde ; connected wifih this by ba~s of plainer 

-* work wem four semicircular pdment. srmnmted by finials and graceful 

corner towem. The deep frieze was ornamented with decorative modelling repre-

sesdng the mse, the thistle? and the shammck, and New Zealand's badge, the fern-leaf. 

An immense semicircular roof spanned the centre bay. The roof-beam were semicircular, 

and the clesr spa of 80 ft. ie said to have been the widest F& spanned by & 

round wooden roof. Each ro3f-beam weighed neatly 5 tons. and took about 2,000 ft. 

of timber. Lighting was obtained by long rows of windows. 7 ft. high, extending slow 

the whole length of the building. On ee,ch side of the north bay there were four sruall 

bays with 56 ft. clear span and with a height of 17 ft, lighted by continuous rows of 

skylights 7 ft. loq. These bays gave a clear space of 316 ft by 305 ft. Ven Sation 

was obtained bv means of vcniilating-ridging along each ri%e and r semicircular louvre 

ming along the crown of the central root 

An important annelre was the QIG Gallery of brick, specially designed to give the 

maximum protection from fire to the valuable contents, which consisted chiefly of the 

splendid art collection from England. It stood at the rear of the Bfah 

Building. The walls, built of solid brick, were strengthened at intervals 

by buttresses on the outside, and asbestos slabs were used in the ceiling. 

Catlerp. 

Externally the design of red brick was relieved by mouldings of white 

stuccoline ; four towers supported the corners. The gallery was entered from the 

western corridor of the &in Building. Passing under an entrance archway, visitors 

gained the large gallery, and thence had access through the co~ecting archways to the 

series of twelve separate ~Ileries devoted to the collection of oil-paintings, watercolouts, 

portraits, landscapes, black-and-white drawings, sculpture, and other departments 

of the British Government's Arts and Crafts Exhibit. The central galleries 

were 65 ft. long, 40 ft. wide, and 20 20- high, and the ten smaller ones, five on each side, 

were 35 ft. long, 25 ft. wide. and 17 ft. high. Light was obtained by means of continuous 

rows of ceiling-lights % ft. wide. 

The Concert Hall was erected at the rear of the Msin Buildhg, and was connected 

with it by a short comdor. The hall measured 150 it. in length by 52 ft. in width ; 

the auditorium was 150 ft. by 52 ft., the dress circle 50 ft. by 50 ft., 

Concert Hall 

and the stage 32 ft. by 40 ft. The dress circle accommodated 350 

and the anditorinm downstairs about 1,100, The hall was fitted 

with electric lights, %-as lined with stuccohe. and was furnished 

with a full suite of dressing-roonls ; the h t of the dress circle was handsomely 

flowered. In the Concert Hall was erec.ted the Exhibition organ, which cost B,f35, 

and which has now become the property of the citizens of Christchurch. In the 

colonies there is only one larger-the great ore11 that stands in the Nelbourne 

Tom EhU. The organ is r splendid instnunent of the latest design and the 

highest efficiency. The initial movement is electric. When the key is d e p d 

by the player the circuit is completed, and a series of pneun~atic NO\-ements is 

set h motion at the other end of the cable, which eventually cruses the pipes to speak. 

The capacity of manipulatioil is 66 revolutions per second. a rate. of course. which no 

hunlan beii could achieve. hother remarkable fact is that the organ need not be in 

the room in which it is played. aud need not even be ill the same street. In fact. it 

cod be played fro~u a distance miles awa? if necessary. This is espIained by the fact 

that there is electric connection between the console or keyboard and the organ, and the 

coiwle is detached and can be luoved at ill. The electric current is taken by cable 

from the console to the orgau, and distance is immaterial. The blowing is done electrically 

by means of a motor. a belt, and a fan making about 5,000 re\~olutions per 

tllinute. The kboard contau1s four rows of keys and sixty-three stopkeys, snd is 

provided with se.ved appliances that assist correct and rapid manipulation by the 

player. . . 

Amongst the other structures of importance were the specially constructed Fernery, 

the pavilions at the main ednmce (Shore Street) and the Armagh Street (southern)

entrance, the covered war td the Machinery Hall from the Avon Bridge, and the tem- 

porarJ- bridge over the river at Elmore Street. 

Outside, in the rear of the JIain Building, was the Aquarium, a handsome little 

white building fronting the T7ictoria Lakelet, and devoted to the Marine Department's 

exhibit of living fish in glass-fronted tanks. 

The Maim Building, the Concert Hall, snd the Fernery were designed by IYLr. J. C. 

Maddison. Messrs. J. and W. Jamieson were the contractors for the Main Building 

and for the three extensions made to it when it was found that the fust dimensions 

would have to be esceeded. Mr. F. J. Barlow was the architect for the Machinery Hall 

and the Art Gallery. Mr. W. IT. Smith was the contractor for the Maehine~ Hall, 

and Iessrs. Moore Bm -ma ' ' 'he Art Calle~. 

The buildings, inrludiq the gfilleries, gave a tdal floor-space of 476.500 square 

feet. Of this area the corridors. avenues, and offices absorbed a large proportion, 

leaving about 300,000 square feet available for exhiiitors. The British Governnlent 

took up 23.760 square feet. Canada 21.000, New South Wales 10,000, and l'ictoria about 

6,800 feet. The prices for space ra~~ged from 2s. to 2s. 6d. per square foot, and a sum of 

£20,000 was reaW by the sale of space to exhibitors. 

TEE hm~ OF THE EXH~TIOH. 

The lighting of the &hibition was on a scale of fitting proportion to the size of 

the buildings. The centrsl towers at night shone out far away across the p k and 

out at 8ea like a great lighthouse. The outside of the budding W88 corn letely outlined 

with a chain of electric lightsy and high over the main en- the %.od welcomey 

" Haere-mai," b l d out in letters 5 ft. long. Approximately miles of el&e

light wirea and more than twelve miles of gas maim and connections were used in illuminating 

the building, which was said to be lighted better than any preceding Exhibition 

held in the Southern Hemisphere. In the grounds every opportunity was taken of 

making a display of ornamental lighting. The shores of Victoria Lakelet and the precincts 

of Wonderland, when fully illuminated on a calm summer night, were a failand 

of lights. 

The electric lighting was supplied by Messrs. Scott Bros., of Christchurch. Including 

the requirements of side-shows and private exhibitors? the lighting furnished 

by the h n ran into nearly 30O7000-~ndle power. Outside the building, covering the 

dome and outlining the entrance, were 1,700 &candle-power hosted globe.. Five arc 

lamps, each of 1,000 c.p., were hung along the main front, and four more of these 

blazing lights illuminated the front of the Machinery Hall. The grand entrance hall was 

illuminated with two rows of 55-c.p. hosted meridian lamps round the cornices under 

the dome, and at the top of the 

dome hung a ring of twenty 

55-c.p. meridian lamps. Round 

the walls there were eight twolight 

brackets and four threelight 

brackets of oxidkid cop 

per. To light the annesm there 

were sisty - eight 1,000 - c. p. 

arc lamps, and for the Agricultural 

Hall eight lsmps of similar 

power. In the Art Gallery 

there were twenty-eight arc 

lamps fitted with concentric 

diBmers, the e h t of which was 

to enable the shades of colour 

to be seen almost as clearly 

and as naturally as in daylight. 

In the Fernery there were thir- 

teen 55 - e. p. meridian lamps, 

similar to those hanging 'n the 

dome of the entrance ha& and 

in addition 250 miniature 

Tm -ox Bono~aros BY XIGAT. coloured lamps. The grounds 

were lit up by means of seventy 

are lamps7 totalling 70,000-c.p. The lights used in lighting the Art Gallery, annexes, 

gronnds, and outside illuminations comprised 1,m 8-c.p. i~candescent lamp, 165 

16-c.p. incandescent lamps, 196 &p. meridian lamps, and 160 1.000-c.p. arc lamps. 

To light the side-shows 3,000 8-c.p. lamps and thirty 1,000-c.p. arc lamps were used. 

The steam-power required to generate the supply was 650-horse power. 

Gas furnished about half the illumination at the Exhibition. The Chriatchnrch Gas 

Company supplied altogether about 300,000 ap. distributed over the Grand Hall, 51achinev 

Hall, and annexes. d brilliant and wel- light was maintained. The gas light- 

ing was particularly effective and brilliant in the Iach'mery Hall, where 84,000 c. p. was 

fnrnished by clusters of lamps, totalling eighty-four. In the Concert Hall there was the 

largest concantrated light in the Exhibition-a great 1,600-0.p. sun light, which was 

snpplemented by three Humphrey b ps eaGh of MW) c-p. and seven Welsbach lights 

each of 70 c.p. The stage yas lit up by white, red, and blue lights of 4,000 ap. A 

total of nearly four hundred lamp were used by the Gas Company to illuminate the 

building-thia m addition to the ,great number of lights supplied to private eshibitors. 

I

The desigps of the lighting of the Exhibition were prepared by Mr. F. E Chamberlain, 

en,aineer to the Christchurch Tramway Board. 

The contract prices for the different buildings were as follows :- 

Main building- 

Principal contract 

First extension .. 

Second extension 

Third extension . . 

. . . . . 

-. . . . . 

. . 

f 

. . 25,4&j 

. . 8,517. 

. . 18,032 - 

. . 1,260 

Machinery Hall . 

- - 

. . . . . . 9i570 

Concert Hall . . . . .. 5,297 

Art Gallery . . . . . . 4,998 

Fernery . . .. . . -. . . :,CUM 

Lsvatories . . . . . . . . 2,889 

Khore Street bribe . . . . 448 

L r e - o m . . . . . . . . . 157 

Water-supply . . .. . . . . . . 729 

Lighting contract, gas . . . . . . . 3,385 

Eldc light and power- 

No. 1 contract . . . . . . 4,608 . 

No. 2 contract ... . . q.. 1,300 

Total .. . . . . . . . . f87.732 

Landscape gardeners did a ,pat deal to enhance the natural beauti= of the Exhi- 

bition-site. It was in the bqinning of An,- 1905, that the work of transforming 

the gro11nda along the frontage of the buildings commend This area was about 

10 acres in e nt. Abr Mr. Pearson, the Tourist Department's landscape gardener 

at Rotoma, had laid out the general garden-seheme, the bedding-out of the flowers in 

the gardens in front of the buildings and along $he river-bank was sutxessfu11y carried 

out under the superintendence of Mr. William Campbell and Nr. W. Jones, of Christ- 

church. As Mr. Campbell's t.ime was much taken up with the la-ring-down of the ** 

pund and other work, the superintending of the planting devolved chi* on Mr. 

Jones, who fulfilled his mission well.


SECTION 111. 

THE OPEXING CEREMONY. 

VEBY seldom has this yow Do~ninion seen a State cerenlonp which equalled in 

brilliance and dignity the official opening of the New Zealand Exhibition on Thursday, 

the 1st Xoveml,er, 1906. The beauty of the site and the buildings, the glittering naval 

and military parade, the uumense gathering in the Exhibition Hall, end the 111agnS- 

cence of the musical portion of the pageant unitedly gave coloaists good cause for 

satisfaction and pride, and impressed overseas visitors very pleasantly with New Zea- 

land's sew of fitness in thing? ceremonial. It. was something more than a mere inau- 

?pation of an Exhibition show season. It gave definite espdon to a deep-felt sense 

of nationhood achieved, of national independence and self-reliance, of a patriotism 

and a love of country that at the same time were mmptible with a &h lobpllty to the 

Old Lad The addresses of the Governor and the Premier, and the hdy phrased 

Exhibition Ode, gave eloquent mice to these sentiments. The music, a tnomph of

NEW 55EAWXD EXHIBITIOS. 

the composer's genius and of orchestral and choral art, breathed a dramatic spirit of 

di5caltia overcome, of joyous optimism, of thanksgiving, and of pride in the consum- 

mation of a cherished ideal. To a visiting New Zealrrnd writer the ceremonial was 

"one long mashing paean of peacethe war-song of victorious industry.." And there 

was no untoward happening, even of the amallestino tdu aha, as the omen-respelcting 

Maori would say-to augur ill for the bii Fair. 

The hour iked for the official opening was 11.30 am. Long before that time thou- 

sands of people were gathered in the Exhibition grounds and on the long tree-bordered 

roadway outaide, with one collective epe en the capric'10us weather and the other on the 

way by which the vice-regal proceseion was to arrive-for His Excellency the Governor, 

Lord Plunket, had come down h m Wellington to open the Exhibiin. The northern 

steamers arriving at Port Lyttelton and the trains from the south had poured their 

thousands of visitors into the city, and Christchurch kept close holiday. The city was 

bright with hp, and the many fkqqoles on the big white Exhibition palace carried 

their banners mast-headed in a ball, presently to be broken out when the gunfire 

announced the formal opening. The morning threatened rain, but long before noon it 

was a day of beautiful sunshe, with a fresh breeze that kept the city flses flapping and 

cracking, and the poplars rustling and the willows swishing by bvon-side. At 10 o'clock 

the Exhibition gates were opened, and soon thereafter the citieena and viaitors invited 

to the inaugural gathering began to take their seats. The long main corridor had been 

arranged as a concert-hall ; at the far end (western) a large stage, sloping up and back- 

wards, was erected for the ,geat orchestra and choir, numbering nearly three hundred, 

that were to take a very important part in the ceremonial Police and Permanent 

Mq-men guarded the precincts, and presently bodies of scarlet-uniformed rolun- 

teem and straw-hatted bluejackets from the British warship " Pioneer " and " Chal- 

lenger "-lying ip L.vtte1ton Harbour-marched in and lined either side of the comdor 

and the entrance vestibule and hall, Bearly an hour before the time appointed for the 

Governor's arrival the meeting-hall was filled with a weU-dmsed gathering of two 

'thousand guesta the more distiq&hed occupying seats near the break of the stage, 

where pot-plank3 and ferns beautified the platform-front. Aloft sat the makers of. 

music-Mr. rilfred Has grand orchestra of over fifty performers, the pick of Austral- 

asia, and the members of the Christchurch Xusieal Union, with the Woolston Brass 

Band. The arrangement of the choir added to the fine colour-&ect ; the men 

occupied the centre block and the ladies were on either flank--blue sashes on one side 

and red sashes on the other. About 11 o'clock some of the notable visitors took their 

seats near the stage-front-Sir .Joseph R'ard, Premier, and President of the Fahibition, 

who was to deliver the second speech of the day ; Lady Ward ; Ministers of the Cmnm 

(the Hon. A. Pitt, Hon. J. McGowan, Eon. George Fowlds, and Hon. J. A. Bfillar) and 

the Hon. T. F. Duncan, Vice-presidents; Sit John Gorst- Special Commissioner for 

Great Britain ; Captain Percy Atkin, British Commissioner ; and other visiting Govern- 

ment representatives. A number of the Executive Commissioners assembled at the 

main entrance at 11-20 to receive His Excellency the Governor. 

The mil its^ display contributed largely to the brightness and picturesqueness of 

thq inaugural ceremon?. The city and corn* Volunteer corps were aUed out for 

the parade at the Exhibition-opening, and this force was augmented by a contingent 

of bluejackets from the British war-ships in Port Lpttelton. Altogether there we- 

between eight and nine hundred officers and men of all branches of the service on 

parade, home, foot, and artillery. The officers present at the opening ceremon,r as 

guests included Lieut.-Colonel Robin, C. B. (nor Inspector-General of the New Zealand 

Forces) ; Lieut.-Colonel Bauchop, C.M.G. ; Lient.-Colonel Xoore, V.D. ; Major Andrew, 

Indian Army ; Major Wolfe, V.D. ; Major Hobda~, who was chief S td Officer : Xajor 

Cooper, Commander of the Artillery (Fit Division). The infan* units on parade 

6-Exhibition.

included the First and Second North Canterbqr htry Battalions, and the South 

Canterbury Infantry Battalion. The Artillery I'oInntem of the city mustered in full 

strength under Lieut.-Colonel Smith, and took up a position along the banks of the 

Avon, while the infantry lined the bridge and the approaches to the main entrance of 

the building. The HigJdand Rifles lined the entrance itself ss a gnsrd of honour to the 

Governor, and the North Canterburr Mounted Rifles under Captain Urn ~mvided the 

escort for His Excellency. 

The Governor on amval at 11.90 a.m. received with the byal salute, and 

then entered the building to conduct the openiw ceremony. The firat notes of the 

Nitional Anthem brought the great 

audience to its feet, as the Governor's 

parp walked up the long aisle to the 

stage-front and took seats just belor 

the platform, facing the orchestra and 

choir. His hcellency Lord PIunket, 

wearing his o5cial uniform and orders. 

was accompanied b~ Lad? Plunket and 

br Captain Braithwaite, A.D;C., and 

escorted by Bfr. C. Bf. Gray, M.H.R., 

Chairman of the General Committee, 

and b~ the following Eshibition Cornmissioners 

: Messrs. T. E. Doi~ile (Vice- 

President), G. T. Booth, W- Reece, 

G. S. Mnnro (Chairman of Conullissioners), 

George J. Roberts, H. J. Scott 

(South Austxalii), and H. C. L. Anderson 

(New South Wales) ; and Mr. E. J. 

Rihton, Secretary of the Exhibition. 

Other E~hibition Commissioners pm 

sent were Measrs. Brthur I. Myers 

(Xaror of Aucliland), Hon. T. 8. Hi5 

lop (Mayor of Wellington). Geoqe 

Lawrence (Mayor of Ihnedin), Johtl 

Roberts (Dunedin). A. R. Robinson. 

.I. IT. Joshua; and Dr. L. L. Sniith 

(Yictoria). Other ii~vited pests included 

members of both Houses of the 

New bland Pariiment. menlbers of 

the Judicial Bench. officers of the arm? 

IIC TW Ehmxc~ HALL. and nav, clern-men, representatives 

of educational bodies, chairmen and 

members of the Exhibition Comnlittees, xisiting jounialists, and a large number of 

prominent New Zealand citizens. 

When the Governor and his pa- were seated, Mr. Hill and his orchestra and 

chorus bnrst into the grand music of the Exhibitioil Ode. The ode was a prize composition 

written by Mr. Johannes C. Andersen, of Chistchurch. It was set to music 

hy 3Ir. Hill. R.C.M.L., who conducted his own he composition

Txi~ Rxnrafiro~ ODE. 

1. 

Ed! bail! fromide#oftheattermostses! 

Coming from cmtiuenta hoary, 

Gray.**p.sringQfpa~, 

@ving a glov* 

A glamour made tador nith tsars.- 

Ed! hsil! thebndaithitsfotme~be, 

New Zealend. trim " Weleoma ! 

Ah ! 'mid om jop, the P I .re passing *nay. 

Wefromtheirlabour6ndleiaue. 

We from their hmd. h.ve om home ; 

xinglodia~~~Ow.ndpl~ 

6se ! 'mid the pwilom fwm 

A bonntifnl wildemeta Lay 

Where Pilgrims found mIcome. 

Hail 1 hail I from ides of the uttermost sea ! 

&? land with its fntnre to be, 

?JeaZmh& crics"\Vsloome!" 

2. 

Long, long she log, in isolated splcndom, 

Segs her defsnear dbkucea her shield ; 

Morn glorious rose, and eve c lod peae&& tender; 

Lorn ley this Eden feir, once lost, ag.in ravenled. 

Sw ! timorons ahips. the white-ringed shtp of Wn, 

Venture from northward. through dumftred saar ; 

Ep eager gam, haarts thrill with doel, emotion. 

Asthe vastserrLysbYe,givesup,itsm~eriea 

Now, wonder now ! the life of ma man psdq 

Night ase the changes. gold, grain snow fhtx : 

8es weelth on d t h within he: shores amassing, 

Kdth, wealth, prospity, d gld nnthaened P- ! 

~adshorrwitheld.bncshaMsrorldcrsrmdsr, 

Once girt by otx8~1, dark to human kn, 

Beau now hsva drawn thsss Ues of endless wonder. 

Rail ! fruitful Forhmta Mes ! Peaee ! bold mahhg men ! 

3. 

Not an;llongbt the Iales nws found, 

Not unfought f he Isla were won ; 

Ere tho heawl with peace is crowned 

Strife must end and war bR done. 

In their sor~them solitude. 

Nature's children dwelt in feud. - 

Pioneers foud the bnb 

Torn by battle-loring bmd ; 

Pionecm barn but done 

What by Xakm arv~ begun. 

Broth less by this om shame : 

Ye aers dying when rr ume ! 

I 

Tillage snd shephding gaw us their @oa, 

Bridgedisthediaureeofsemrhg~; 

Pastisthehertofthedaynith~tsbmden, 

Frui61nlwithpurposeourlclslne~be. 

Ham of bean@ ! from arduous duty 

Gladly m mrn for our sdaee to thee.

OPPICIAL BECOBD 

Ere a ahort cmtwy lies on man's labour. 

Sw wbt his hands ham secompl'ied and don' ; 

Welcome the loisnre for viol and tabor ; 

Welooma the leiswe that labow hrcl won ; 

Xow may we nomish the uts till +hq flonrish- 

Somethingofberatg-~gloddentbeslln! 

6. 

Theuea! the.tms! thredqhilln! 

ThefiarSlrpionsofthecer6hq~gad! 

The fadnews, where no manahears or tills! 

The virgin depths of ap-nmiven sod ! 

Byoungknd,newknd! cirpinfrol?lFhweyas 

Are~.aehtfwglim~ofaPs~! 

A M whose lovekwrrr renews the breath, 

~stsysthehsnd, theruthlesshaadof death! 

Thepmturedhills! thebroadsndfertilephh, 

Whoae produrn in the world welcome sure ! 

The knd that in the world's aide marM 

A plooa that oldmlPltdsoanmot secure! 

The mizm ! the meads ! they rid nd's own ! 

&hod 1 bhdd ! ta a th. 'IoTH iXLn 

Utilityandber,utymnykm; 

That hem the old is gathered from the sun ! 

0. 

Olm m&nds Kew Z~dand'w gate, 

Hithor throng the Sotions ; 

In them holln thw joyous &t 

Wi a mrld's mtiom 

Far thcr ahion n w ace blown, 

She is f a d who u-ai unloloun. 

Hars iR shewn what she ha. done, 

Beds uf men uapplfing ; 

RamirRhsm&tmaybrwon, 

M h and dmtk dsfpine ; 

llunnph colonial rigour bnd. 

l!hny shall led rho o m were I d 

Wide 2nd wider Bing thr ptv. 

Whn dl aid map enter ; 

Teacher. artist. mall ot state. 

Artisma inrentor : 

Here 8.sturdy polt!c heeds 

Socii laws and labour's mas. 

Wider t hg the gate. m w wide:. 

Sm ! the netions olden- 

Brensting t bqh a silver tide 

kt OIW boxlers golden ! 

ather comes the k t thst plies 

With a aide wo~-ld's mmhandise- 

Joponslr. joyoml?.. sing triumph strains of toil ~cietorioar; ; 

~opowif~-.u eolonp begun is wad to Sation glorioua 

World-rcnomed. wozld-renowned. sbc sorenc shall sit in her security ; 

h&f! to God for aid iq pouupr d a and ~ pra~ for aid through @ad mstdty. 

The Ode was a magniscent piece of orehd.and choral work: and the vast andi- 

ence, at fust silent and clogel? critical, gave expression to loud and delighted approval 

at the end of each oE the principal phrases, approval which became more and more 

- 1.

enthusiastic as the work went on, and *ted in a storm of applause at the 

close of the performauce. Prom the opening &om, " Hail ! hail ! from Isles of the 

Uttermost &ea," to the final grand crash of harmony from orchestra, chorus, pipe 

organ, and braas band, the work was a mastqke of the compmer's art. Mr. Hill 

has written a great deal of he mapic, but this was his best, and it Stsmped him 

as a composer of geniu First there was the tnunpet-fanfare and the rich fall chorus 

from nearly two hundred voices, and the laat broad chord "New Zealand cries 

' Welcome ! ' " cnt off short with a bracen clash of cymbals ; then a sweet, soft recitative 

opening the delightful tranquil descriptive passage "L~ng, long She lay in Isolated 

Splendour " ; the welcome to the Pilgrim ships ; the psean of safe arrival in the desired 

haven ; the bold, barbaric Maori rh-yhnic movement of the number in which the battleloving 

brown men of old Xew Zealand were described, a number characteristic of the 

savage spirit of the haha ; then in high contrast the pleasant peaceful pastoral melody 

of the passage, " Tilage and Shepherding gave 1Js their Guerdon" ; the thrill and 

dramatic h e of the paasage descriptive of the gram& often terribly grand, scenq of the 

Dodon; and finally the grand chorale, with its paean of joy-bells, its inddbablr 

b e organ harmonies, and ite mighty combination of the whole great vocal and instrumental 

force in the splendid closing hymn of praise. The 8010s were taken in a manner 

befitting the work. Miss Amy Murphy sang the daint~, sweet, half-plaintive number, 

" Long, long She lay " ; MI. k Ballance, baritone, took the third number, Not 

~lueoqht the Isle5 were found," with the fine vigour and forre that the mb required ; 

&. E. Crabtree sang the tenor solo begking " Tillage and Shepherding." and there 

mas a vocal quartette of much beauty by Bdiss Mnrph;r, MIS. ITilsou, Mr. Ckabtree, and 

Mr. k -- M- i fbass). . , 

When the 111usic ceased the pat hall raug with applause for several minutes. Prubably 

no musical composition ever had such a reception of delighted enthusiasn~ before 

in New Zealand. Mr. Hill bowed his thanks, aud the Governor rose aud shook him 

b~ the hand, and co~qptulated him 011 his splendid. achieveme~lt. Mr. Audersen, 

the author of the ode, was introduced to His Excellency. who cou&mtulated him ah. 

The musical portion of the ceremonial ended, the Goveruor, aud the Premier and 

party, took their seats on the dais, and the speeches kpn. 

THE GOTEKSOR'S SPEECH. 

His Excellency Lord Plunket delivered the followi~~g opeuiug ad& :- 

Sir Joseph Ward, ladies, and gentlemen,-It is, I can assure you, n-ith feelings of 

the deepest pride and satidadion that I rise to carr;r out the honourable duty which 

llas been conferred upon me. That satisfaction is, however, tempe.red with sorrow 

that the New &land statesman and British Imperialist who laid the foundation-stone 

fi,pratively and actually of this undertaking. is not here to see completed the largest 

Exhihition ever held heath the Southern Cross, and to witness the response which the 

Mother-country and her children have made to New Zealand's invitation.-(Applause.)- 

We ad this the " New Zealand International Exhibition," and the aumkr of foreip 

firms which are exhibii entitles us to use that name. But when you have viewed 

the Canadian section--an object-lesson in the art of national advertisement-the representative 

exhibits which the Anstratian States and Fiji have place before us, the list of 

private exhibitors from nearly all oar colonies, and last, but not least, the care£ullp 

prepred English section, and the magni6cent gallery of British art, I venture to say that 

an equally honourable and possibly more appropriate title would be'New Zealand's 

Empire Exhiiition." Proud as I am to be associated n-ith so important an undertah*, 

I am even mow i n b d in the object underlying its conception. That object, if I


interpret it rightly, was to ahow to their fellow-citizens of the Empire what Xe\v Zealand, 

n-ith a history of but a man's lifetime, has accomplished. It was also to demonstrate 

to the world that there is rising here a .wuq nation which, though fuahest from 

the Mother-countq and nine hundred miles from her nearest neighborn, is British 

in thought and blood, happy and prosperous, standing only on the threshold of her 

splendid future. It may be thought b~ some that it is pmmmptnona, if not ridiculous, 

for lea than a d o n of people, living on a mere speck on the Pacific Ocean, to anticipate 

becoming the New Zealand of the Southern Seas, or for a land of but yesterday 

to espect to compare with the greatest manufacturing and seafaring nation in the Old 

Torld. But it is in no such doubting spirit that the New-Zealander regards the future. 

He points to the thirty-seven millions of Great Britain, and proudly tells yon that his om counw is as lqe, as healthy, and as feaile. Indeed, n o w has impressed me more 

duriug my visits to difterent parts of the colony than the fact that, beneath the surface 

of their general content, the pioneer and the fanner, the merchant and the artisan, are 

looking f o d confidentl~ to their children's splendid heritage.-(Applause.)--" There's 

a divinity that shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we dl." Mutton, nyool, and flax 

are not to be our " L7tima Thde," for Providence has not merely blessed ?Sew Zealand 

nith those fertile \-alleys and fruitful plains which are at present her main asset. Sot 

ouly is she yielding us gold in ever-increasing quantities, and hinting that in the oilfields 

of the North we have another \-aluable product, but, as a promise of our future 

peatness upon the seas, h'ature has given us splendid harbours, inexhaustible beds of 

coal, and iron in a condition which needs but the Nagician's wand of the modern chemist 

to become the finest steel And if this country has the material to build her ships. &c 

has also the sailors to man then% for the Ne~i--ZeaIander has emiilentl~ the seafaria:. 

~mtun! of the Englishman. Small as the colon?- is, the house-flag of the Piiion Compaily 

flies in the principal ports of Australia, waves throughout the islands of the Pacific, a~id 

salutes the pat Dominion at Vaiconver. Lea\-iug her maritime future, Ken- Zealaud. 

nith her enormous and constant water-power n-aitiq only to be harnessed, has hopeful 

prospects as a manufacturing counc. Is it difficult to believe that, with humanitarian 

le~latioii for the worb and uiw treatment of capital, there will arise hfore loug 

manufacturing toyus diifering only from those at Home in that grinding povert~, overcrowding, 

and dirt, smoke, and fog d be absent ? I do not think, ladies and geatlemeu, 

that the people of Xes Zealand will consider that I have overedmated the probable 

future of this land in which they take so much pride ; and it seemed to ]lie that. at an 

epoch of her histoq such as this Eshibition I am sure nil1 prove. it was a fittuq occasioa 

to dwell upon her future-upon the eo~uing da~ \\-hen this beautiful couiq- \\ill not ody 

1e happy and prosperous, but happ>-. prosperous, and great. LBdies and gentlemen. 

I have finished. I have but to n-elcome our ~Gtors in the name of His Majesc the King, 

and to repeat to the people of Kew Zealand how fuIl~ I appdte the respect ad houour 

they invariably pay to the representative of their Sovereign- and how deeply wnsil.de 

I am of their geuemus gduill towards m~aelf.--(loud applause.) 

THE PRESIDEX!C'S ADDRESS--SPEECH BY SLK JOBEPH WBD. 

A SKETCH OF THE ESHIBITIOX 

Sir Joseph Ward, Premier of New Zealaud and Presideut oi the Exhibition, in Lis 

address welconled the distinguished \isitors slid cave a d g general sh-etch of the 

chief attractions of the Eshibition. He said,- 

Your Exdenc~, ladies. and gentlemen,-I desire in the first place to express 

the deep regret I feel upon this occasion at the absence of the man who started the Interutional 

Exhibition of New Zealand. In December last, when he laid the foundationsmme 

of this great building. he was Iull of hop. and he gave all the force and weight

of hi powerful influence bdh in and beyond Sew Zealaud. He looked forn-ard to fie 

time when he would have performed the ceremony that I am now endeavouring to under- 

take, and which he would have done so nluch better than it is possible for me to do. 

He was one. who had reigned for fifteen yeari in Xew Wand,. was the author of the 

International Wbiion, and up to the Isat did all in his power to insure its success. 

There is to-day no man or womm in New Zealand who would nut rejoice had he h n 

here to assist us in this important ceremony, ornamented b?- the presence of His Ex- 

cellency the Governor. Map I be permitted to read the following telegram which I 

received an hour ago from Mrs- Seddon : " To-day our thoughts turn towards Christ- 

church, and we ahwerely hope everything d pass off satisfactorily, and that the 

Exhibition will be the success that Mr. Seddon would have wished it.-Jasm SEDDOK." 

--(Applause.)-May I also sap how sorry we are that the dis'tingnished gentlenlan at 

present Mayor of Chrktzhurch-Sir John Hall-is unable to be here to take part I1 

this ceremony. We regret the cause, but we how that though he is absent in person 

he is with ns in spirit, and I sincerely hope-and I am expressing the feelillg of this great 

assemblage-that he will be as well as ever in the course of a short time. I have to 

\relrome the visitors to Xew Zealand, and am011g them I name first the distinehed 

geiltlemn who represents the British Government Sir John Gosi-.-(Applause.)-& 

charscter is well horn ; his name is how all over the Br%sh Empire. The fact 

that he has been sent out here is a considerable complill~ent from the British Govenlment, 

and will make the people ~,t Home,'I trust. thilllr more seriously of h'e\i- Zesla~ld, 

end, at all events, of its Exhibition. He, nith the late Lord Randolph Churchill, Mr. 

..%rthnt Balfour, and 6ir ~rammond Wolfe. formed the pa* hiom for all titile hi the 

his to^ of popolies E~~glmd as the "Fourth Pa~t?;" a paw that, for a time, ir%trac%cd 

?so much attention in the British Parliament. Tk British Go\-emment hcs also show, 

its practical interest by placing on the estimates a sun1 of f 10.000 for reprmltatio~l 

in the British Court. I have also to weleomc the Cdian Commiio~lers. Meslim. 

Race and Bums.-(Applause.)-The Cluuulians ladies and ge:elltboelr. have shoa-11 us 

how well they kllow how to do thiugs by sending a po!itiral repreuentative auld a commercial 

representative to New Zealand. I desire to welcome the representative of the 

Conunonwealth, Sir Richard Baker, Speaker of the ~enate.-(Applause.)-I wclcou*, 

also the delegates from the States of Awtralic. You join with me, I blow, in extento 

them a very hearty welmme.--(Applause.~Later I ill road you a few apologies. 

hl the nleantime Ict me say a word or two iu r0111tection with the Exhibition. k 1904 

the Parliament of the cornlT authorised the wmlnencemeni of an Intemtional Exhibition. 

The lace Prenlier intinlated in Christchurch that this p t mldertshg was 

to be gone on with, and later on Mr. Munro, the Chairman of the Exhibition Commissioners, 

was appointed b?- the Gorernmslt to Sate the work, and on him the organizati011 

at its inception was cast. It is due to him to say that he has carried out the enorluous 

mas of work done---.orb: \rhich reflects the highest credit upon him.-(Applause.) 

to those \rho an: rrctivd- 

-I desire to ssp, ladies and gentlemen, that it is howl OII~T 

eugpged in connection &h this E*bition the mass of work that has been done by the 

Chahman of Commissionera, Mr. Munro, and I take this oppo~tnuity-the first time 

since the Exhioitioa ha4 been inaugurated-of m$ng that the Government recoguisc. 

that he had a most difficult task to discharge-put between the people and the Government 

as a buffer, and he has carried out the work, so far, esceedingl!- well. I also wish 

to thank Mr. Bllsn--(loud applause and cheers)-who also did his work well, and I 

sincerely hope he mq soon be restored to thbt hea!th which FOU all are anxious to see. 

--(Applause.)-I have aLw to thank the Executive Commissioners, who have cosperated 

and given the benefit of their advice and assistance to help the work forward. I cannot 

do more in refee to the local committees than to 88~ that they have done really 

hard and practical work, for which thep are entitled to warm achow1edgment.-(Ap

plsnse.)-In such a great undertahg as thia Exhibition, natnrslly them must be difticulties. 

McuMies are made to be overcome, and all that have so far presented themselves 

have been overcome by those who are respomile for &.sting to bring about 

sneoesa, and I desire to acknowledge what good work the various committees ha~e done 

in this respect. 

Now it is my duty to refer for a moment or two to the archihek and the builders, 

and I want to say that Mr. Bbddison, the designer of the Main Building, the Fernery, 

and the Concert Hall, has camed out hi work to the entire sa-on of the Government 

of the country, and his work must speak for itself ; ad I invite those who are 

here to critically examine it during their stay in Chrkhhnreh. I tho wish to thank 

Mr. Barlow, the designer of the Machinery Ball and the Art Gallery, both of which have 

been excellently done, end to thank: Messrs. Jamieson Bras., the builders of the Main 

Building, who had very great difiiculties to contend with at the inception, offing to r 

small tornado ior a change M g Chrktehurch and blowing do= a budding and tower. 

%th indomitable courage the^ went on, and no one can tell that there has been even 

as much as a breeze of wind ammd this territory. &. Smith. the builder of Be &- 

chine~ Hall, and M-. Hall Bros., the contract~~~ for the -4& w e ~ and , the Inspector 

of Works-on behalf of the colony I ichd them. The first contract for the 

Main Building was B8,000, the second and third amounted Co E23,OOO-a tstel of $51.000. 

In consequence of Victoria applying 8 little leter than was anticipated there has been 

a necessary addition of f4,000 incurred in that respect, and the architects and Nessrs. 

Janlieson Bros. have done eseelleut work here. And I would lrot like, ladies and genilemen, 

to go awa?- from the aclso\rledgn~ents I am now making without thanking &. 

Pearson, the gardener from the Govemn~ent puds at Rotoru8-(applause)-for the 

excellent way in which he has carried out the work in colulection with the Fenleq-. 

There are seven hundred exhibitors aMp within the walls of the Exhibition. 

The floor space is about 500,000 square feet, of which about five-t\\.elfths is taken up 

by corridors and avenues. The value of the exhibits, independently of the pictures, 

is in round fiyres half a d o n sterliug-(loud applause)-and the pictures are valued 

at at least a quarter of a million. I wish to thank the British Government and friends 

of the colony in England for having sent out pic- to the gallery.-(Applause.)-It 

\rill do an immense amouut of good not od-j- to the people of New Zesland, but to those 

who came here to visit the Exhibition, because I am informed that there has never been 

within the walls of any picture-gallery such a mapihat display of art as is to be found 

within the \\.ails of that gallery. There are here already people who have come for the 

special purpose of making a selecti01r of these pietnrer, with a view to pur&aabg. New- 

Zeahders ought to toe the mli and not allow these pictnres to be sold and leave our 

shores.--(Hear, hear, and applause.)-I also desire to thank the exhibitors and conoessionaries 

for their faith in the undertaking. 

Tbis is the largest Exhibition that has been held south of the Line, and I am informed 

by those who were qualified to judge by haling been present at the ope* of the St. 

Louis Exposition, the Paris Exhibition, and the Victorian Exhibition at jlellaurne, 

that there has never been an Exhibition which was so far advanced on the da~ of opebing 

as the International Eshibition of New Zealand is.--(Loud applause.)--I desire to 

thank parti&ly Canada and Ahlia for what they have done. me Canadians 

set a good example. They were the first in the field, and to their credit be it said that the 

flagl was hoisted over the Canadian Court, hally finished, this morning at 6 o'clock. It 

was the fht flag to fly in token tbat the Exhibition was compl~-(lond applause.) 

-New South Wales and Victoria have also done well, and I have to thank them on 

behalf of the colony for the splendid way in which they have exhibited, and !or the 

energy they have put into their work. The Cook-Ielanders and the Fijians, and the 

representatives of the original Maoris also deserve to be mentioned on this cxcrrsion,

a~d 1 wish to say how nn~ch we are indebted to 3ir. Handton, of the Colotlial Haae~~, for the work he has taken in hand and has carried out.--(Applause.) 

It is possible now, in the course of a few* meh' pemgrhtions in these bnildii, 

to find what it might, kl all pmbabilit~, tah three or four pears to hd in journeying 

roturd the world-such a magnificent and varied collection is presented to the people 

of this countq-. Prom both an educational and an economic point of view, the Exhibition 

will pay New Zealand handsomely. There are thousands of people who would 

never be able to go to distant parts and see wbt is now brought here within their reach : 

and I sincerely hope that the splendid facilities which are being offered to the children 

of New Zealand to be brought to the Exhibition, and kept, at the sum of 2s a day, in 

a building that will accorrrmodate five hunM of them, will not be lost sight of by theu 

teschers and parents, to enable them to have the beneiits of the magdicent education 

this ExhiEitioll d present.-(dpplause.)-It is also my business to refer to the transptrre~lt 

iilslLted chambers, representing the frozen meat and dairy indnstry, which 

bve been ererted by agreement with the Canterbuq- Frozen Meat Company and 

Jdesm. J. .T. Wiven and Co., of Napier. This is a good opportunity for visitors to our 

&ores and others to show what this colony is able to pmduce in connection with frozen 

supplies, and the benefits of this from a commercial point of view must be of considerable 

advantage.to our colony. Then, again, there is every opportunity in the shape of 

sports. There will be military sports, international games, axemell's carnival, Scottish 

sports, rud there will be an exhibition of k-walking by Fijians ; and, ladies and gentlemen, 

let me say that this is the ti& opportuuitp outside of the Fijian Islands that this 

has been possible ; and those who have travelled at a veq ,pat expense to Fiji have 

had to go 011 to the Island of Benga before they were able to see this unique fire-walking, 

which n-~ll be one of the attcactious in conuectio~l with this Mbition. Then there are 

r~luse~ne~lts of all hinds pro~ided for the public, and I want here to say this lest there 

should be any misconception in the minds of people wvho are not here : There has been 

an effort made to have everything of a new character in this respect, not to have the old 

kinds of alnuse~~ient, so that those who the side-shows, which must of necessity IN 

a great attraction to this Euhibitioa. d l find that they can travel on the helter-skelter 

and on the Rocky Road to Dublin. They will find they can get 11pon a tobogga slide. 

atid they can have a water-chute, or thep can shoot rapids if they wish. And to the 

mothers are a~tdo~~s to come here, and who map by this adventure lose their little 

ones, let me say they have been thought about. We have provided an emporiuu~ for the 

babies, and that emporiunl is under the chaqge of r lad!-, Nrs. Cole. There \dl be 

attendants there, all of whom are paid for by the Goven~nient. These babies mill be 

numbered most carefully, so that there \rill be no chalice whatever of mixing the babiev 

up.-+Laughter.)-But it is just possible, ladies and gentlemen, that one or two of then1 

may be lost. Well, if they are, the Exhibition authorities \dl take the pht care of 

them, and thep will be exhibited to ensure that they d be hown by their mothers 

wvhe11 thcy come along to find them later on. Xow I want to say a word in connection 

with the Besses-0'-th'-Barn Band. This is a band that has been honou~ed~by various 

countries and idolisxi in France, and it has just had a triumphant tour of America 

and Canada. Under an arrangement, and on the suggestion of the late Premier, the 

Beses-07-th'-Barn Band was engaged. It stands out as one of the finest in the world. 

4 postage-stamp is now ready to commemorate the Eabition. Nobody will be 

allowed to buy more than five shillings' worth. so as to prevent large quantities g e e 

into the hands of collectors. It will now give you some idea of what has been done 

when I tell you that three ndlion "stickers " have been issued, and have been sent 

forth to all parts of the world. They have been a splendid advertisement for the colon?. 

They contain repmentations of the kiwi, hub, &ri art, and 80 on. The last 

-' stickers " \\-ill have a representation of the kte Jar. Seddou, ~II honour of his connee-

?r?S\V ZEALASD EXKIRITIOS. 93 

tion with the E&bition.-(Applau~e~bLet me say also that. in order to mark the 

inception of this undertaking. to-&? for the 6rst time you can send a letter to America 

for one penn~.-(Cheers.)-To-day for the first time you can send a letter four ounces 

in weight throughout New Zealand for one penny.+Applause.)-To-* for the first 

time you Can send telegram from end to end of the colony without any restriction for 

one hdfpenn? a word.-(Applause.)-I am sorry to say that there are two provinces 

in New Zealand that hare not made a distinctive representation at the Exhibition. 

These provinces are &ago and Welhgtan. There are many people in those provinces 

who are represented indiridualb, but there are no pro\iucial exhibits from those parts 

of the colony. I am som for this, and I sincerely hope that it is not too late for them 

to have special eshibits erected.-(Hear, hear.) 

I want to say a word b~ way of contrast. When the previous International Exhibition 

was held in hedin, the exports from this colony amounted to E9.400,000. Last 

year they were £15,500,000. l%e imports on the prerious occacqion were E6,!200,000 ; 

last Fear they were £12,800.000. In short. they have more than doubled. I may add 

that the people of this little Yew Zealand have 530,316,954 of their o\im in the shape 

of deposits in the Savingos-Bank and other banks. 

As to the Exhibition, the position of the colony is that it has paid E73,000, and it 

should be reawmhg to my fellow members of Parliament who voted E64,O last session 

when I state, on the authority of the Chairman of the Executive Commissioners, that 

not nearly all that amount \rill be required. There is eve? prospect of this great nndertaking 

turning out more fa\-ourably than was origgnally anticipated. I am sum that all 

sincerely hope it will be so. If the P-m Fathers of Canterbu~ could see n-hat n-e arth 

swing to-day, \\?hat would they think of the progress of this colony druiiq the past 

tn-enty-five years ! Thii Exhibition is situated in one of the most hutiful spts in the 

colony. We are a happy people in a happy country, and, although we inay have complaints 

to make abor~t different matters affecting the well-being of our own country. 

upon the whole, if we seal> across the oceaiis to other lands, we are Iwund to coiicludc 

that, after all, we are liring under happy auspices, under a free flag, under the sovcreipl 

grace. I can only say that it affords ne the greatest possible pleasure to ask His 

Excellency the Go\?ernor.to accept this beautiful key as a memento of an event which 

in future years, I am sure, rill be remembered by him nith pleasure and with happiness 

in connection nith the distin,pished position he occupies. I can only now wkh the 

International Exhibition of Sew Zealand ex-ev possible a~mess, and I hope at the end 

that instead of a deficit we shall find a profit. as a resr~lt of the peoplc patronisi~~g it to 

the fullest possible extent.-(Loud applause.) 

THE EXHIBITIOS DECLARED OPES. 

At the conclusion of Sir Joseph Ward's speech the " Old Hundredth " Pmlnl \ras 

sung; such a splendid rolume of stately song had probably never before been head 

in New Zealand. Sir Joseph handed His Escellency a gold key with the request thnt 

he should declare the Eshibition open. -kt the same time he presented Lady Plunket 

with a gold Exhibition pass, and the Hon. Kathleen Plunket with a gold pass. 

His Excellency said he thanked those in charge for the beautiful key, which would 

be a souvenir to him for the rest of his life of the most important undertaking with which 

he had been directly connected. He read the folloffiug telegram that he had just 

despatched to His Majesty the King :- 

" The Secretaq of State for the Colonies, Londoa-dm desired by my Government 

to convey to His Majesty the King the pleasing in-nce that the New Zealand Inter- 

national Exhibition was duly opened by me to-day in the presence of a large and repre- 

sentative gathering, including the representative of His XajesQ's Government, the Right 

*

Hon. Sir John Gorst, and other representatives from overseas dominions; that my 

Prime Xhister has every confidence that the undertaking will be a great s~~ccess, tend 

to fkrther strengthen the good feeling which has always esisted between the colonies 

and the Xother-coun-, afford to the people of Great Britain and other countries a 

broader knowledge of the resources and products of New Zealand, and be to the mutual 

advantage of the various countries exhibiting, and to the dominions beyond the seas 

in pdcular." 

His Excellency then said, " I now declare the New Zealand International Exhibition 

open." 

The National Anthem followed, performed- by the orchestra and chorus inside and 

the massed bands outside. 

Outside the building a verp large gathering of spectaton, had assembled to watch 

the ceremonial proceedings, and waited patiently for the -conclusion of the buskess 

within. Just before 1 p.m. the ringing of a bell announced that the Exhibition had 

been declared open. The battery of artillery on the river-I&& immediately began the 

Royal salute of twenty one ,onns. At the sound of the first gun the whole front of 

the great building burst into a gay flutter of bunting as the British flags were run up 

on the tower flagsta&, and all the national fiags which had been rolled up and hoisted 

were broken out. Between each seven rounds of battery-& the South Canterbury 

Infantry Battalion fired the feu & joic, the Timaru Brass Band playing the National 

Anthem. Then the people streamed into the Exhibition, and soon the corridors were 

crowded, and the numerous :hop and side-shows commenced the brisk business that 

mas to last for nearly six months to come. 

After the oficial ceremony, the Governor, accompanied by his parv and by the 

Premier, made a brief general inspection of the Exhibition. At the ganev-stall devoted 

to souvenirs of Xelson and the " Victo~," the Rev. Mr. Matthews welcomed the par$ 

and asked the Governor to present to Sir Joeeph Ward, as representing the Parliame~lt 

of New Zealand, a small bust oflord Selson in copper. mounted upon a block of oak 

taken from Xelson's famous flagship, the " VI~N." Sir Joseph Ward, in acknowledging 

the gift, said that the Parliament of Xew Zealand would highly appreciate - 

the bust, and treasure it for all time. (This bust is nor in the Parliament 

Buildings in Wehgton.) 

The troops remained on parade until His Excellency reappeared 

from the building and with his escort left the pun& and then 

marched back to barracks for lunch. 

111 the afternoon the sports ground was the scene of that 

beautifnl and imnpressively symbolical military ceremonial, "trooping 

the colours." The ceremony consisted in taking the King's and 

regimental colom under a ,onard through the ranks on parade so 

that every soldier and sailor present might do them honour. Aboutnine 

hundred officers and men were on parade, and the review-ground was gay 

with the red full-dress uniforms of the infantry. His the 

Governor with his staff took up a position at the saluting-base. Besides 

the Volunteers on the ground, several companies of blue-jackets from 

H.M. ships " Challenger," " Pioneer," and " Pyramns " psraded, and took 

part in the march past with one of their field-gum. the " Challewr7s " 

band playing. The regimeutal colours that were the central object of 

interest were forty-six years old ; they had been presented by the ladies 

of the Canterburp Province to the Christchurch Volunteers. The flags 

were handed over by a small armed escort to a guard of eighty men 

selected from the North Canterbury Battalion under the command of 

Captain Mathias. !l%s colow-escort, accompanied by a band, marched

at the regulation " slow " pace through the rank on 

parade, each corps saluting as the colours passed. 

The coniplinlents to the colours over, the various 

corps marched past the saluting-base in review order, 

the colour-escort marching at the head The last 

battalion consisted of sir conlpanies of school cadets. 

-4fter the march past, the whole parade advanced in 

line in review order and gave the Royal salute, which 

ended the reriew. 

His Excellency took the opportunity of present- 

ing medals to the following : Lieat.-Co'onel Cbaffey 

and Xajor Cospove, Volunteer hration ; Captain 

3IcXab and Corporal Page, the New- Zealand Volun- 

teer Long-nnd-efficient-service Medal ; and Sergeant 

Cox, thc Colonial Ausiliary Forces Long - semce 

Ndal. 

A MESSAGE FRO11 THE KISG. 

In reply to the cable message sent by His Escellency the Governor at the repest 

of the Premier to His Majesty the King, the Governor received the following from the 

seer eta^ of Stat22 for the Colonies :- 

" Your telegram of November I. His Majesty commands me to thank your Government 

for their information. and to express his satisfaction that the Exhibition 

has opened under such favourable auspices, his cordial wishes for its success, and his 

belief that it d l conduce to the good relations and the prosperiq of the whole Empire. 

--(Signed) ELG~." 

THE GOTERNOR'S B~-QL'ET. 

In the evening an inaugural banquet in honour of the opening of the Exhibition 

was given by His Excellency the Governor. Among the guests were the Premier, Sir 

3oseph Ward ; the Hon. J. McGowaa Hon. A. Pitt. Hon. J. A. Millar, and the Hon. 

Cf Fowlds. members of the Mi* ; the Right Hon. Sir John Gorst, Special Corn-

missioner from Great Britain; Captain Percp Atkin, British Government Commissioner 

; Sir Richard Baker, representative of the Australian Commonwealth ; Mesm. 

T. H. Rsce and W. A. B~uns, representatives of the Dominion of Canada; H. C. 

Anderson, Hew South Wales ; E. Ncholls, Vietoria ; H. J. Scott, Sonth Australiis : 

L. E. Brown, Fiji ; the Exhibition Executive Vice-Presidents, Commissioners, and other 

ga- 

Sk Joseph Wad in proposing " Success to the New Zealand International Exhibition." 

said thafi, if they might judge by the day's proceedines, the inauguration of the 

Exhibition augured well for ita mccess.-(Applsm.)-They could feel that also when 

the^ redbed that the Governments of two or three countries had sent &Ti exportem 

of otha counties had spent a great deal in placing on view the produots that they 

desired to gend into Xew Zealand, and ,Yew Zesland had endeavonred to show what it 

was desirous of sending eleswhere. It was an especial pleasure to welcome to the Exhibiion 

the representatives of Canada.-(,Qppbum.)-He had been exceedingly sorry, on 

retuning to his mom after the opening ceremony, to hd that a cable message from 

the distinguished Prime Minister of Canada had nut been sent on to him in time to be 

read at the ceremony. It had given e-qeon to the goodwill of the Canadians towards 

the Exhibition, and he had reptied, conve-ying the thanks of the colonv to Canada. He 

had also received a cablegram from the Acting Prime Minister of Cap Colony, esphis 

regret at his inability to be present at the opening, and stating that he mdd visit 

the Exhibition later on. People in Sew Zealsnd were V- a~xiom that the Exhibikion 

should lead to trade with Canada, South Australia, and the Commonweslth and if they 

could induce their Australian friends to gire them something in the shape of an equitab!e 

reciprocity treaty, New-Zeslanders wodd be glad to trade. He hoped that Sir Kichard 

Bahw and his colleagues would be able to imp= on the Conlmonwealth Government 

that New Zealand was most willing to reciprocate with them. if they wodd give a 

rewuable tariff. He believed that the Exhibition would serve to show the visit016 

what Xew Zealand could produce in the way of live-stock, pin, and minerals ; and also 

that it produced first-class boys and girl% who were no inconsiderable portion of the 

asset it posseseed. He hoped that Sir Joh~t Gorst would be able to tell his Government 

that the people of Xew Zealand were chips of the old block and to induce some of the 

best of English people to come to the colony. The success of the Exhibition would 

he a means of inducing them to leare their homes for a nelv corn+, and in view of the 

splendid way in which His E~cellenc~ hed put his irn+nraltrr upon it, it should be a 

~uc~.-(~\pplam.) 

Sir John Gorst, referring to the British Goverument's contniution to the Eshibition, 

said that the motives which had actuated the British Got-merit in sending its 

eo~ltribution had been strong spnpathy with the aspirations of New Zealand, and a 

sincere desire to promote the success of the undertaking upn which the colony bad 

embarked. In the first place, the British Government had sent illustrations of the 

progress of art in the Jdather-come, and of the application that was now being made 

of that art to the processes of manuhcture. He did not how of anfihing that md,d 

be more useful to study in a poung country like Xew Zealand, becam the progress of 

art and the promotion of beauty were not a speci* of nations that were very numerous 

and had acquired a great deal of wealth. The examples of the world showed that some 

of the greatest art nations of antiquit? had been agrichd cod* ad comparatively 

SI+I couutriea. Egypt was one example of that. She was the first art comtrp 

in the *@ ; and in her early da- den she had r pastoral and peaceful people, her 

art wsrr much greater than in later da.m when she became the great conqueror and 

subdued many nations of the world. hother corntry of anti* which illustrated 

the paint was Gteece. The people off?;ew$ealandhighthpire to set an esemple to 

other nations in the production of art and beauty innma- and industrial works.

He confessed that he was sstonished at the opening ceremony that day to note the 

wonderfnl ability with which, apparently, the science of music had been cultivated in 

the Antipodes. The opening ode, which was rendered by an Antipodean choir and 

an Antipodean band, and which was composed, he understood, by a native of New 

Zedand, would have been received with sdmiration and app!ause in an? of the o!d cities 

of Europe. The British Government had given New Zealand an ilIustmtion of what the 

Ifother-country was doing in regard to the education of the childma of the poor not 

only in book-learning, but also in technical instmetion and in the application of learning 

to indushial pursuits. They might depend upon it that in the da~s to come that 

nation would be the greatest, and would lead the other nations of the world, which 

succeeded in producing the healthiest and most intelligent population.--(Hear, hear.) 

-Those who were behindhand in the arts would have to take the humble position of 

hewers of wood and drawers of water. The people of New Zealand had rare advantages. 

He had been in the colony for three d a on ~ his present visit. and he h&d seen manT 

things that astonished him, but nothing astonished him more than the fact, referred to 

by the Premier, of the estraordinarily healthr race of boys end girls which the co!ony 

was bringing up. He hadheen accustomed to visit great schools not only in the United 

Kingdom, but also in many parts of Europe, and he had never seen a more healthy set 

of boys ad girls than those in New Zealand. They were far in advance of an? children 

produced in London or in any of the great cities of the United Kingdom. If those 

children were trained not only to bo, health?, but also to be wise, they would produce a 

future race of New-Zealandem which might challenge comparison with any rsce in the 

world. There was another point to which he would like to call atteution. He could 

not. give a lecture on the British Court. but he could caU the attentiou of those who 

visited the Exhibition to a series of photographs contributed br Sir Benjanlill Stone. 

They illustrated the customs-the quaint. original custon~f eveq part of the o!d 

Mother-count?, aud they would give the people of New Zealand some idea of the 

*variety of qualifications which went to form the nation of t.he United Kiigdoi~l. Xen-- 

Zealanders inherited all those qualificatio~is. They bed the ellterprise zlld the versatility 

of the Englishman ; they had the dogged perseverance of the Seotrhnla~l: the?had 

the generous and genial humour of the Irish~m~~ ; they had the poetry and the song 

of Wales ; and, with those qualificatioxls nitlongst them. they might deve!op a New 

Zealand with an originality of its o\\-n. not a slavish imitation of an?thiug in the Mothercountrq-, 

but a race that would contribute to the greatness of the world. and would 

have qualifirations of value to mankind. The British Gorenulle~lt had fur11ishec-I il 

catalogue which explained the photographs co~tributed by Sir Benja~nhl Stone. nucl 

without that explanation they would be comparativelp unintelligible to many people. 

but w%h it in their hands the people could read the history of the places from which 

they had come. There was one more poiut in regard to the Bribkh Comt which he 

would refer to. It was rather a sad one- It dealt with the tables fun\ished b?- the 

Board of Trade. They showed the present social conditions of the British people. The? 

contained warnings of what New-Zealauders must avoid, in regard to the diseases c ~ d 

disadvantages which were imposed upon the population of the Old Countr?; but which 

it "odd be their business to prevent in Sew Zesland. Although it was not an attractire 

prt of the Exhibition, it was one which New-Zealanders ought fo study. During his 

visit to this come he had been greatl- pleased with the progress and happiness which 

its people enjoyed. Very few people had the pleasure of seeing in their old age the progress 

of a cou- with which m- of the ambitions and desires of their youth were 

associated. He had at one time almost become a New Zealand colonist. Cirrnmstances, 

however, had takeu the speaker back to the Old Country, and he hd spent a 

long life in an almost fruitless struggle against those social evils with which the Old 

Conntrp abounded. He sometimes thought that if it had been his lot to remain in 

7-Exhibiti*.

New Zealand he might have had the pleasure of ha6ng his name c ~ n n with d this 

vomg and riproo8 nation, for wbkh he predicted a successful and glorio~ fntnre.- 

(Applae.) 

His Excell- the Governor proposed " Onr Guests horn Overseas," saying that 

he aas verv ha~~v to thinlr that so msnr had come from other colonies to visit New Zealand 

on a"greay&asi~n. The object -of the IMiiition ass not only to educate the 

people of the oolon_~, but also to attract and interest fellow-members of the Empire 

and well-wishers of New Zealand.-(Applanse.)-He conpled with the toast the names 

of Sir Richard Baker and Mr. T. H. Baee. 

Sir Richard Bsker said that many of the visitow to the Exhibition had travelled 

long distances, but t h had travelled to see a p t Exbibition, In the name of the 

visitors he thanked the Eniskm and people of Xew Zedand for the hospitality the? 

had given. A wise man had once said that the more things changed the more they remained 

the same, and that was tme of exhibitions. When the h t British Exhibition 

was held the principles of free-trade were thought to be unanswerable, and Great Britain 

invited the nations to show one another what thep possessed. How, however, the practice 

was to put a iiscal wall round each particular State, and all nations except Great Btitain 

had taken up that position, There were signs of it, indeed, even in Great Britaia So 

exhibitions had changed, but their essence wonld remain ever the same. They would 

always be the means of giving fresh experience, and visitors to an exhibition in a strange 

land -ht alwap obtain knowledge that would be beneficial to their own countries. 

He was much afraid that no treae between the Commonwealth and Hew Zealand could 

have any p t effect. He found that New Zealand and Australia were almost identical 

in wealth per head of population, and almost equal in the distribution of that wealth. 

and very similar in their exports, and he could not see that a treat? could help them 

much. A treaty had recently been arranged, but it had been repudiated by the Parliament 

of New Zealand, and his opinion was that the Parliament of New Zealand had 

done ri.ghtly.-(Applaase.)-Though they could not arrange for an extension of commerce, 

New Zealand and Auatrdia should be twin stars in the pat British constellation 

to which they were proud to belong. He believed that Amtralia was as lo-yal as New 

bland, and he hoped that thep would continue in lo-yalt~- He wished the Exhibition 

the success that was already sssnred to it, and he hoped for the continued prosperity 

of the colony. 

Bbr. Race said that he had been pieased to hear a reference to New Zealand's loyalt~. 

There were some loyalists in the great country that he represented, and his people was 

a people that never wished to see Canada separated from the Empire. They knew 

that New Zealand and Australia were loyal, bat Canada yielded to none in loyalty. 

He and his colleague Mr. Burns had known that they would get a cordial reception in 

New Zealand, for they had met Hew-bders before. Canadians were sometimes 

taunted with the statement. that their loenral@ was commercial, and New Zealand, no 

doubt, was similarly taunted. But ahen r test of loralq was required, Canada entered 

into her homes, took the flower of her manhood, and sent it in regiments ta South Africa, - 

as New Zealand did.-(Applanae.)-Did they not prove themselves worthy, as New.- 

Zealanders did, of the traditions of a common stock? He and his colleague wonld 

bear back Kith them the manifestation of+the kind feeling that was expd to them. 

There were five thousand miles of ocean between their countries, but they could be 

brothers " for a' that." Their rniesion wm not to induce any of the people of New Zealand 

to leave their beautiful co1111try~ they could not be so heartleas. They congratnlated 

New Zedand on their splendid country, on their prosperity, and especdly on the 

magnitude of their Exhibition. The Canadian visitors were rather out of order in New 

Zealand, for their Exhibition Department was in connection with their great scheme 

of immigration ; but they were come to tighten the bond of Empire, to meet New-Zea-

landers, to let them feel the brotherhood of their two co11nties, and, if possible, to capture 

the trade that was held by the very enterprisii people south of Canada. The Canadians 

loved their neighbow, and loved to beat them at their own game, and were trying 

to induce the people of that great neighbouriug country to come to their own greater 

country. In all America he had seen no district to compare with New Zealand for its 

d a i i and sheep-raising, yet they did not envy New-Zealandera their frozen mutton, 

but rather gloried in their enterprise. A great deal of credit was due to the Exhibition. 

The opening ceremonies had imp- his colleague and himself more than any they 

had been at in many years. Their om wishes and those of Canada were for the snceess 

of the Exhibition and the colon?. They hoped that the Exhi73ition would be the means 

of gaining something for the Empire in the P d c Ocean. Why should not the British 

flag be mistress of the Southern .as well as the Northern Pacific 3 He hoped the Exhibition 

would be a great success, and woald help to strengthen the bond between his 

country and Xew Zealand.-(bpplause.) 

The inaugural MsYokl banquet in connection with the Exhibition, mainly intended 

to entertain the distinguished visitom from other exhibiting countries, was held in Christchurch 

on the evening of the 6th November. The Mayor, Sir John Hall, was unable 

to be present owing to his continued ill health, and in his abaence the Deputy-Mayor, 

Councillor G. Payling, presided. Amongst the guests were His Excellencp the Governor. 

Lord Plunket ; the Rii Hon. 8i John Gorst, Special Representative of Great Britain : 

Sir Richard Baker, Representative of the Commonwealth of hustmlia ; Mr. T. H. Race. 

Commissioner for Canada : Sir Joseph Ward, Premier; and the Hon. Colonel Pitt, 

Xew Zealand Hinister of Defence. A letter was read from Sir John EM, expressing 

his great disappointment at being unahle to personally attend the welcome to the visitors, 

and remarking that it might hare been interesting for him, had he been present, to make 

some coniparison between this New Zealand enterprise and the first English Exhibition 

in 1851, at the opening of which he was present. Of course that was a more worldwide 

gathering, but, considering that the present Exhibition represented colonial and British 

enterprise onlv, it did not suffer br comparison. 

The speakers at the banquet included the Governor, the Hon. C. Louisson, Captain 

Bridson (Royal Navy), the Hon. Colonel Pitt, Bishop Julius, Sir Joseph Ward, Sir .John 

Cmrst. Mr. John Roberts, CXG.. Mr. G. T. Booth, and Jdr. T. H. Race. 

The principal speech of the evening was that delivered b!- Sir .John Gorst, who proposed 

'' The Exhibition." He had been. he said, a whole week in the colony, and xvas 

now recovering from the stupefying sight of its ,pat prosperity. He was not so foolish 

as to suppose that a week would suffice to form an opinion of the country's condition. 

but they would U-e to hear how the sight of the colony's greatness had impressed a 

s--pathetic beholder like himself. To make a comparison between the colony of 

to-day and the colony of fore-three years ago, when he left it, mas as impible as to 

compare the man with the child. but the advancement could be briefly referred to. The 

population had increased seven times. The colony was, like most other countries. 

dering from the phenomenon of a dimininhing birth-&, and the subject deserved 

the attention of every statesman in ex-e~ country- But against this was the fact that 

New &land was singular in the extraordinary diminution of the death-rate amongst 

its infants, whose death-rate was unesampled in any country in the world. .As for 

the colony's wealth, it had increased not seven but ten times since he had last been 

in New Zealand. At that time the trades in frozen meat, flax, kauri-gum, and timber 

were not thought of, and the replacement of n a d fore& would save the colony from 

a calamity that had overtaken many other aruutriea He was glad to see the care and 

attention paid to the education and welfare of the young. It was a safeguard to the

OPPICUL RECOBD 

State, for nothing was more dangerous than bad education. It wim economicaL for the 

cost of education was returned a hundredfold. The most astonishing and plea* 

thing wss the extraordinary well-- of the Native race. When he left he thought 

it was " all up " with the Maori race. The wars and ill feeling of the time when he left 

had ceased, and now the Maoris were regarded with a brotherly feeling to which the 

Xew Zealand of those days was an entite stranger. In thoee days there was no certainty 

whether the h'ew Zealand or the Imperial Govenunent was responsible for Pr'stive 

affairs. New Zealand was entitled to claim a uuique success in the world in living in 

harmony with a formerly uncirilised Native race. The great distance of New Zedand 

from the centres of the world was an advantage to the colony, giving it the opportunie 

for owalitr. Ere-here he found the faith that the colony would become a great 

country, and the present Exhibition was an outward and visible sign of the pmsperiv 

of the colony, and he proposed not only the Exhibition of to-day, but also that much 

Exhibition the colony would make of the advancement and virtue of the future. 

Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G., in responding, said he was President of the Wew Zealand 

and South Seas Eshibition of 1889-90, which had been compared with that of to-day. 

He, with his experience of both, admitted that this one was far ahead of the Dunedin 

one. The difference was but-proper, owing to the advancement and prosperous growth 

of the colony in the meantime. There had been eveF opportunity for a great Exhibition. 

Canada and Australia had given valuable aid, and the art gallery and musical 

sectiori were a great source of popular education. The Executive Commissioners tendered 

to the Government their hea* thanks for its support of the undertakings. Thc. 

Government had never refused any reasonable request. It was well for the ultill~atr 

success of the undertahing that no cheeseparing nlethods had k u resorted to. If 

there were a small financial loss, it would not compare dth the bcricfits resnlthip ftorn 

the thousands of people visiting the colony. 

Mr. G. T. Booth proposed the toast of " The Yisitors." It n-as rare, he said that 

there were so many distinguished visitors at such a gathering as this. There were 

visitors from the Xother-countrv, fro111 Caliada, from Australia, and all these were very 

welcome. 

The toast was responded to 1?\- ah. T. H. Race, Canadian Comrnkioner to the 

Exhil~itiou. 

THE RRTTiSH

131cm HOX. SIR Jon E. Go-. P.C., SPEEI~L BRITISH 

TO THE SEW ZZWU~ E?ERIBI~os. 

COY MISSION^ 

besides instruction in the rudiments of English education. dy the IClingite and auti- 

European agitation became strong alllongst the Waikato Natives, Gorst printed and issued 

a little newapaper called l'e Pihoihoi Jfohmob i mnga i te Tuanui ("The Lonel?. 

Sparrow on the House-top "), in an eiTort to combat the arguments of the HoXioi, 

a printed sheet issued by the Kingites at Ngaruanahia from a press which had been 

presented to some of the Maori chiefs by the .Archduke lhimdian of Austria. JIr. E

J. von Dadelszen, now Registrar-General for Xew Zealand, war, then the priuter in s. 

Gorst's establishment. The anti-Government feeling amonget the wtes becsme 

very acute, particularly so after a speech made by Sir George Grey in the Waikato, when, 

as reported amongst the Maoris, he said, " I dl not fight against your King with the 

sword, but \rill dig around him with spades until he fslls of his own accord." The 

Maoris, tuming over this speech in meeting after meeting* began to look around for the 

" spades," and speedily concluded that Gomt was one of them, sent to Wailiato to 

to endeavour destroy the Maori "ljngdom" under Tawb. The intelligent and 

benevolent Ngati-haua chief Wiremu Tamihana te Wahama (William Thompson)--kt 

tTpe of his -was a 6rm friend of Gorst's, and, while a patriotic upholder of 

h r i nationality-in fact he was the " Kiq-maker " of Maori Land-he made earnest 

e~ldeavonrs to prevent the races drifting into war. 

However, the Maori distrust increased, accentuated by the news that Sir George 

Grey was sending British troops to make roads into Waihto from Auckland, an 

evident prelude to hostilities. In March, 1863, Rewi Maniapato, the celebrated fightingchief, 

came down from the Upper Waipa with a war-pty of eigh@ Ngatimaniapoto 

men. invaded the mission-station and school at Te Awamutu, seized the obnoxious 

printing-pm of the *'Inneb Sparrow," and broke up the establishment. Rewi told 

Gorst that he must leave the Waihto or be put to death. Gomt refused to stir without 

orders h m the Governor, Sir George Gmy, and argued the point with Rei, who was, 

however, bent on clever?- palieha hatitation out of his coun-. E. Gorst, 

writing horn Te Awmni,u to Sir George Gre;r 011 the 25th h h , 1863, communicated 

this news, concludiug by saping, " Rewi allom three weeks in which to receive ?-our 

auswer, but he says if you leave me rou leave me to death." Rewi himself \mote to 

Grey to the same .effect. William Thompson sorro~?ully inforn~ed the young Com- 

lissiouer that he was 110 longer able to pwtect him, and that at anr time mnle y oq 

Ihgite warrior might shoot him Sit George Gm: wrote instructing E. Gorst to 

leave Te Aaamutu, and he returned to buckland. 

Soon afterwards the unfortunate Waikato Wiu began. a. Gorst left the colony 

ad retunled to England, where he was called to the Bar, and entered Parbmwt. It 

is interestiug to speculate on hi possible career had he remained in the colonr and taken 

an active share in its politics. However, his destiny was east in a much wider sphere. 

for he filled an important part in the political histor?. of Eugland during the past forty 

years. He was one of the famous Foufih Paw, of which Lod Randolph Churchill was 

the leader. xvhich in the early " eighties " played a brilliant part in the British House of 

Cam~uous. It was in 1869 that he was intrusted with the reorganization of the Callsen.ative 

part?- machinery, a work which he camed out with the greatest success. 

Subsequentl?-, when his party came into power he held the ofices of Solicitor-General. 

Under-Secretar~ for India, Financial Secretary to the Treasq, and Yice-President of 

Columittee of Council on Education. Sir John Gorst, ever since his romantic educational 

luission 111 the land of the ?&oris, has always taken the deepest interest in matters of 

education, and this was particularly remarlied upon when he rel-isited Pc'ew Zealand, . 

for, \\.heu travelling through the country, he frequentl~ took the opporiuni@ of visitkg 

the public schools and addressing the children. 

The -ris received their old friend " Te Kohi " ~ ith p t warmth of feeling on 

his return to their count% and when, in December, 1906, he rexisited his old statiou, 

Te Awamutu, where he had laboured amongst the Maoris as an enthusiastic young man 

of men@-four, the veteran statesman was gred with emme delight bp the assembled 

&oris of the Ngatimaniapato Tribe from the King Country, and there was a rare and 

'peculiar interest in the gathering of the remnant of this once powerful wamor clan to 

welcome back the man whom they had driven awa? from their countv more than 

for@- yetus before in the midst of his benevolent work.

NEW ZEALAND ESBfBIl'ZON. 

Sir John Gorst left the colony for lhgland a few day^ Pfter his meeting with the 

WaiEato Maoris in December. He was accompnied on his visit to New Zealand by his 

daughter, &a Gorst. In another member of the Gorst family, alao, New-Zealandem 

have 3 friendly concenl, for Sir Eldon Gorst, Sir Johl's disti~lguished so~i. recently 

appoi~lted to the supreme position in the Gover~lnlent of Egypt \-ice Lord Cromer. is 

a Yen--Zealander himself. He was born in Paruell, Aucliland, during Sir John's first 

sojourn in this couutr~--. 

C~;UN ,IT~~Is, BR~SH COMXI~SIONER. *. 

Captain Percy H. -itkin. the British Comlllissioner to the Eshibitioil (Sir John Gorst 

mas the special ellvoy), whose marked aptitude for his important position and keen

lor OFFICIAL RECORD 

interest displayed in rolo~lial life gabled for him high popularity during the rurrelhc?of 

the Exhibition, is a gentlenmu with a raried and creditable record. Born in 3864 

he was called to the Bar at the Xiddle Temple. and is a member of the Osford Circuit 

and the Old Bailey Sessions. He held the piti011 of secrdq to various Comnlipsions 

of Inquiry into educati01d adluiuisfration hi Great Bri& Then. taking up the 

professiou of arms, he was g d to the 3rd Royal Irish Fusiliers and serred with 

that regiment till 1899, when he aas traderred to the hcashire Fusiliers, and send 

throughout the Boer War in South Africa 3899-1902. He was milih~ commandant 

and Press censor at Zoutpddt, Orange Free State, md of Hope Tom district, Cape 

Cololl?-. He commanded a subeolnlun taking In operations to quell the rebellion 

h Westen1 Cape Colour, t&natiug in the rapture of Commandmt. Scheepers. He 

afiemmls romiuallded British posts at Tom River, Gmtfontein, and Blood River. 

After his return to Jhgland, Captain Atb was despatched as one of the British staff 

of representatives to the St. Louis Expositioa U.S.A.. 1904. He was representative 

for Educatio~~ and Social Eco~lonly, alld a British meiuber of the Superior Iuternationel 

Jury. hi 1906 he was writ to the h'ew Zealand Intenlational Exhibition as British 

C'om~uissioaer, and remained Ad the close of the Exhibition in April, 1907.

SECTION IV. 

THE EXHIBITIOK -Qh?) THE EXHIBITS. 

d L;LYmdL DEWRIPTIOX-AROVSD THE C:OCRTS &\1) dI-E-YCI.:S. 

STRAIGHTWAY as one entered the Eshibition building through the main doont-a? a~~tl 

stepped along the 1-es~ib~lle illto tlie Main Hall. the derorp.tive scheme of thr interinl. 

struck a note of adnliration. This fine square hall-roolil 70 ft. 

The 

Ha of 

across. with it.; peat dome cun-iiq in delicate goldell beaut? Eo ft. 

above oiie's head. canie as a noble aiid hiiig ailterooiil to the filler 

Statuary. 

sights of the big show-halls. It sns graceful with ilmrble statui~n-. 

roo1 alld niuvicel with tlie tilllilillg of the ceiitral fouiitein. end beantifid with palms 

and ferns. The d s and ceilings of the main entrance eiid the hall were poenis of deli- 

In- THE EA~AXCE HALL. 

catel!- hzr~i~oilizing 

colour : golden and lemo~l-colour high abox-e. theti r lightl!- tiiitwl 

salmon-colour. friezes of light violet with white relief. aid lavei~der-tinted walls. Glaiicing 

into the Maiu Corridor there was a x-ista of a lolip avenue in terra-cotta. with crealll- 

coloured arches, reliered b- grey. and white, md gold. The pieces of statuary that 

adorned the hall had beell chosen with taste slid skill. There were thirteei~ of them.

log OFPICIAL BECOED 

the work of Xr. C. 3'. Sulmers, the Melbourne sculptor, modelled by him in Rome. 

The finest probably was " Eve," a beautiful figare slightly larger than life-size, standimp 

on a revolving grey-marble pedestal bearing four carved 

bas-reliefs-Eve with the forbidden fruit in her hand and 

the serpent wiling at her feet. Another and in some 

respects more exqukihly delicate piece of work was 

" Xodestp'' a veiled bust, in which the lsce veil that draped 

the features was so skilfully treated as to seem half trans- 

parent. It was a triumph of the marble - worker's art. 

Two other paTtieularly h e pieces were " Snsannah surprised 

br the Elders," a beautiful study iu the nude, and " Deborah 

the Prophetess," commanding in pose and draped with the 

skill of the perfect art&. Amongst the other pieces of 

statuary that stood around the hall, amidst the broad-leafed 

palms, were " The First Whisper of Love," a replica of the 

original by G. M. Lombardi ; 

'' Flora " ; " Zephyr and 

Cupid" ; "Two Friends," 

I v & 

work in the Church of St. Ceeilis . 

I 

a work designed by Mr. 

Summers' father, and representing 

s bop and his dog; 

" Bacchante and the Infant 

Bacchua," a richly beautiful 

classicsl work, the oripjnal 

of which, designed by G. M. 

Benzoni, stands on the grand 

&case of the Royal Palsce 

in Rome ; " The Chariot of Love " ; and " St. Ceda," 

a replica of the fs~uous 

t 

i Rome. -4nd two grave busts. Socrates and Demosthemes, 

loolied out with wise old faces upon the gap 

Bacchantes and Floras. The whole collection of .. DEBOUH TI~E PROPA-s:. 

statuary was purchased by the Government, at the 

instance of Sir Joseph Wa4 for B,MO ; it gave 

an artistic stamp to the Exhibition fmln the 

very et1tranc.e. In the WL Corridor also some 

pieces of statuary, replicaa of familiar classic 

figmes, were here and there disposed. On either 

hand of the Main Hall the long north and south 

avenues opened out and straight ahead the Main 

Corridor, 800 ft. long and 52 it. mide-an immense 

streetway under the lo* arched roof of 

corrugated iron and glass-ran the whole depth 

of the bnildii, down to the cool and dripping 

shades of the Fernery at the southern end. This 

was the main promenad- bright ad busy 

scene day and night, and nightly resotudi~~g with 

the strains of bands of music. 

" BACCHANTE rsn THE INFA~T BACC~S." It b k the -tor some time to hd his ~p 

around in the maze of avenues and side avenues, 

and courts and stalls. There were miles of wdkin~~ to be done before one began to 

gather a good working-ides of the wheresbouts and chamch of each important court,

to say n o w of the multitude of general co~nmercial exhibite. The best plan was, 

starting north or south from the Grand Hall. to work right along the principal 

avenues until the building was compassed, and then to take the intersecting avenues 

and passages and the upstairs galleries. The overseas and New Zealand Government 

and provincial courts naturally attracted first attention, but after they had been inspected 

there were a thousand things to interest one in the business exhibits-the highest 

products of the world's workers in the utilitarian and the beautiful. 

First, it was as well to make a tour of the &in Corridor, glancing at the departments 

that opened out on right and left, down to the Fernery ; and then return to the 

Main Hall and from there explore the long avenues leading north and 

The 

south. The post and telegraph offices. the police room, the Customs 

Main 

Comdor. 

and other businas offices opened off the Main Corridor. The bareness 

of the great corridor was broteu by a boldly designed pup of sj.mbolic 

Maori figores, a little more thsn life-size, modelled by Nr. J. McDonald, of WebDRtoll, 

and cast in Carrara plaster and bronzed. The pup had hen originally designed to stand 

in the Grand Hall, and it somewhat snffered 

by the change to the Main Corridor. The 

m 

two principal figures were. a Maori man and 

woman, standing, the d ine finely draped 

in a long Xwowui mat and carrying a baby 

piiau-fashion on her shoulders. Seated 

n-ere a youth, pla,ying a putorin0 or flute, 8 

carrer at work, a beautiful girl (modelled 

from a youug Canterbw half - caste girl) F 

mahg a +-ball, and on the western side 

an old warrior, mere in hand, gazing with 

i~ltrospective eyes far into the past. On 

each face of 'tke pedestal \\.as a panel, two 

of which represented the ancient art of 

cutting green-stone, the other two the olden 

practice of hika-ahi, or procuring fire from 

d 

wood by friction. A heroic emblematic 

Maori group of this kind, based on Mr. 

JlcDonald's ideas. would be a remarkablv 

appropriate sculptun? set at an? future ~ ei- 1 

Zealand Exhibition. 1 

On the left, nearly half-way down, = was 

the Government Life Insurance exposition, I 

then the fine room of the Tourist De- 

trophies, and its biting & of -coolness-and 

rest. Next a glimpse of the bpi-he snon~ cotton, the gorgeous-coloured shells, 

and the gaily patterned tap-cloth of the Fiji Islands. On the opposite (north) side 

of the corridor, some attractive maritime displays - steamshipmodels all a-glitter 

in brass-work and bright gold paint, and replicas of luxurious statecabins ; beyond, 

a peep of the bays of the big British Court ; opening off the corridor again, the 

Cherry Tea-rooms-all in warm cherry-colonr, even to the aprons of the smart girl 

attendants. In this northern half of the &in Building lay, amongst other exhib'i 

the court in which the militsry and naval models, the medals, the pictares, 

the scientific instruments, and the large sociological exposition of the British 

Government were set oat ; the Victorian State Court ; the Canterbuq and Efswke's 

Bar Provincisl Courts, and beyond again the great Machinery Hall. On the southern 

l-

side, in addition to the various Government departments aud most of the rovincial 

courts, were. the fine Court of the Dominion of Canada, the excdent oiEcd disp1a.e~ 

from New South Wales and South Australia, and a small but noticeable exhibit from 

the Cook Islands, in the vicinity of that from Fiji 

Steerin8 entrancewards agaiu, it mas as well to begin one's tour of the courts by 

nuliing northwards along the long Bag-canopied avenue that led in the direction of 

the bchineq- Hall. On either side, as one left the domed hail 

The 

of statues and palms, there was much to take the eye. Hardly 

was one in the avenue thm a delightful mom in the pure mol white 

N&y 

of Camma plaster enticed one within-walls, mouldings, and beauti- 

ful ceiling in relief-work, all of plaster, no cleaner and no neater material for stallfronts 

and kiosks ; it was pleasant to see that it was a material largely used in the big 

building. Then some handsome steamship-models ; a fascinating little art-stall wherein 

one could bur anything from pree mosaic-work to pedmives embossed with fern- 

Ieaves, and Maoris, and moas, and heads of Seddon and Ward ; an Auckland studio 

of beautiful art in photographic portraiture ; a Dutch-like little kiosk, always crowded, 

where a fanlous cocoa was dispensed. These on the right hand. Ou the left the long 

rowa of military models and the mountain-guns and battleship-models, bap of pictures, 

ups, and charts of the British Court. With " eyes right," one was speedily brought 

to a halt by a really beautiful art-stall, a bower of delightful work in pottery, Doultou 

vases of seductive patterns, g1oriom colouring. and rich encrusted nrork-how one envied 

the lucky mortals who auld pay the f500 apiece demanded for a pair of these vases- 

IVorcester ware, and delicate Copehnd tea-sets. An admiring round of the art-pottery : 

auuther tea-room, then on agah to a wry difIerent scene, the great 3Iachinery Hall, 

with side glimpses iuto the Governmeat Courts devoted to Xnes and JIiileraLs. Arn~anlent, 

a11il Prisons. The n ~ u section g was a particularly fine collectio~l of speci~nens of the 

uaderground wealth ul which New Zealand is surpsssingly richt and its value was practi- 

~rlly doubled by the displa~ of miuerals. ulap, and speciiuellv coiltributed by the Depart- 

~rlcnt of t:e Geological Survey, recently handed o\*er to the direction of an enthusiastic 

and clever young Ci~~radian. Dr. JIarkintosh Bell. The Armament Court, bristling 

with big ,WIS, with submarine-milling gear, and with trophies of small-anus, fronl the 

historic flint-lock to the modern Mauser and Lee-Enfield, was a practical reminder that 

hck of all these riches of Nature's giving and all these products of skill and industry and 

art there must be the strong am1 and the irou hand, to ward aid to keep. and to light 

if need be. The Prisoiis Court -9s a curious little wdey of esa~uples of handicrafts 

and deftness in iilodelling, an illustratio~l of th uue~qccted \-erntilit?- aild skill in iujeful 

trades oftea exhibited by meu who fiud theuluelves locked behind the gaol-gates for o 

season. 

Now we are well in the Jdachine~ Hall-a bright and anlazing world of mechnuical 

e~~ginccriug, thc ~ilost i~itricate, tnost n-onderful products of nmn's brain and hands. 

It is a hall of whirr and n-heels, of shit~itlg ironwork and polished 

The 

steel-steam-engin and oil-engines, electric gear apd the most 

nlodern far111 machinery, ploughs and chaff-cutters, locomotives and 

motor-cars. Much of this good work in iron and steel and brass is from 

withill New Zenlai~d: UI the Railwa- Department's great sectioi~ with its trains and 

huge locomotives, there is one particularl~ powerfd engine made in the Xew Zealand work- 

shop. Amnongst the vehicles there is one worth special mention, because it is a Maori's 

patent-a farm-wagon with an ingenious contrivance for tab* the n-eight of the pole 

off the horses in going down hill ; and another simple yet clever patent for facilitating 

the speedy and easy greasing of the axles. This exhibit was the work of a d-known 

Waibto Native, Te Rawhiti, of Tamahere, the bii and jovial ex-secretary to the 3faori 

" King." 111 contrast to this solid and honlely vehicle were the flyers of the high roads,

the array of beautiful motor-cam, smart and bright and spotless ; motor-cars of all sorts 

and sizes, up to the splendid bii towbg-cars with their massively strong gear. their 

ammiqa, and their glitter of polished metal. Then there were bicycles and there were 

motor-cycl~hose plagues to quiet pedestrians ! In one corner a big electric-lighi 

plant was working, with its humming dynamos : in another there was a refiigeratiny 

plant, and frozen mutton and frozen poult^ hung in view, a reminder of one of Kex- 

Zealand's most. solidly established industries. Yodels of railway bridgg and viaducts. 

of proportions cold pet of slender grace, shod how the Public Worh Department 

is spanning the huge gorges of the back tonne with its steel-and-concrete structures 

that compare well with even big huerican engineering works, and is building the way 

for the peat lldsin Trunk and Xdland Railwa-ys. 

Tuming south again, sun* shows, bii and little, were succeeded by the fine Court 

of Tictoria, which rn east and west along the long bay intersecting the building at right 

angles The most striking feature in Victoria's Court was the huge gilt traphy representing 

the enom1ous amount of gold that the mines of " Australia Felk " have $elded 

since the roaring daps when Ballarat and Bendigo fust drew their tens of thousands 

of diggers from all parts of the globe. 

Trawming the western avenue, the Agricultural Department's fine Court wvas seen 

on the right, a court right worthy of the great Department of State whose functions it 

illustrated. Its roof-beams bore legends telling of the colony's 

Agriculture. of agricultural products and exports, its floors were heaped wvitl splcndid 

samples of dressed Aas and flax rope, trophies of ho~~e?- a~id of 

Sew Zealnud \vines, and its tables with pain, and potatoes, and big blue ,pp. a11c1 

all thc fruits of the soil In one side of the court, oftell a pup of attm~tivc pmplrb. 

nlost of then1 women and children, sat n-atehing the demonstmtions of thc fruit 

preserving and canning given b?- the Department's expert. Here a side-way gnrc 

egress to the open air and the Governmeut pass-gardens and bee-farm. 

Coiitinuiiip south aloi~g the great avenue, the busiest scene of thc busy iair o1~1it.d 

out-a hugc roofed-iu street a thousal~d feet long. with its hundred shops aud stallsbook-stalls, 

post-card-stalls, trid-et-shops, lolly-stalls, nooks devotcd 

to the sale of all hinds of prew ghncrachx, from greenstone ornn- 

Long ments to name enpaved glass and jewellery. The stalls where en- 

avenue." 

stoue and lhori onlnments and eanings were sold were perhaps the 

most intemtiag of these. Some of the greenstone was beautiful traaslurc~it tangitmi 

or hnrenite fro111 Milford Sound ; other Linds were darker ,peen and harder, \mught by 

foreign lapidaries into replicas of the old Maori patterns in ear-drops and grotesque 

little tikia, 6th their three-fingered hands and their heads cocked on one side. Gramophones 

bleated plaintively or roared raucousl~ ; and close by cunniug-handed ,&Is 

rolled gold-tip$ cigarettes. Most of these stalls of business. with their attendant 

crowds of lookers-on or purchasers, were on the right-hand (eastern) side of the long 

avenue ; aolne were on the right, a~nped between the entrances to the Concert Hall. 

the Art Gall-, and the Fern-. Some pro~~cial courts were pad on the way. 

These huge bloch of coal came from the famous Coalbrookdale mines near Westport 

-the coal that H.M.S. " E ~alus" on her recent trials found to be superior as a 

steam-raising fuel to even the best Welsh. That rustic little porch-like structure, built 

of fern-tree tmnh, was part of Southland's Court. To the left, too. was the sightly, 

white padion of South Australia, with the legend that blazoned its fruitfulness, '. Con1 

Wme, and Oil " ; and there was the fine Court of New South Wales, where minerals 

and timber were two of the prominent features. At the extreme southern end of the 

avenue there was a little bay containii a collection of eshibits from New South Walw 

Technical ,%hook 

Now, turnjng at right and worLcg east along t%e southern end of the &ill


Building, Canada's beautiful co~~rt was entered, a model of artistic arrangement and 

efFective advertisii-machinery, ironware, woodware, tinned goods, 

The bicycles, rubber goods, furniture, pianos, Peterborough cedar canoes 

-all "made in Canada "--grain samples, mineral samples, all clearly 

classified, and displayed to look their best. Everywhere the golden 

Canada*s 

legend " Canada," and everywhere the maple-leaf and esrs of golden 

Court. 

corn. Canada's great court occupied over one-fifteenth of the whole 

floor-apace available for exhibitors, and it was the one court in the Exhibition that had 

a special front entrance from the grounds. 

Passing the handsome offices of the Canadian Commissionem, the miscellaneous 

arrays of trade exhibits from various countries were seen Two particularly he 

clanses of New 2Mand manufacture stood out above all the rest in attractiveness 

and excellence of workmanship-the displays of woollen goods, rugs, shawls, and 

clothing-tweeds from the great woollen-mills at Petone and Kaiapoi, and the beautiful 

suites of furniture, shown in perfectly appointed rooms, fitted up by a large Chistchurch 

firm. These dainty apartments, with their handsome contents, were models of good 

and tasteful house-fntnishing, and the New Zealand-made articles, in the way of tables 

chairs, &c., were proofa of the high adaptabiity of om native timbers to the purposes 

of the richest and most decorative of furniture. StiU wandering northward, a variety 

of small business stalls were pad: a tiny bay where a girl artiat deftly lightningsketched 

you behind a sheltering screen ; a most enticing comterful of Queensland 

gems, a corner of rsre delight for the jewel-lover with well-filled pockets ; a stampingdie 

machine from Australia busily cutting out and stamping Exhibition tokens and 

nledals bearing devices, such as views of the Exhibition buildings and tattooed Maori 

heads-one head could be recognised as that of an old Rotorua identity, no-. dead, the 

venerable ex-cannibal wamor Pam te Ngungtbi Then on, past a great revolving 

globe at the corner, and into the main entrance hall again. 

This conlpleted e flying circuit of the main Exhibition Buildings. But the numerous 

transverse avenues and passages, running acros~ the building from east to west, 

still awaited inspection. On the northern side of the main corridor 

these c--avenues opened up the various sections of the British 

the Court ; the North and South Canterbur?; Courts, with their varied 

collections of producta of the soil and historical mementos; the 

Avenues. 

Victorian Court, and the various sections of the Machinery Hall 

already mentioned ; besides leading one past a multitude of trade eshibits, most from 

Sew Zealand, some irom Australia, many fmin Great Britain, and a number from 

France, Germany, and America. In the southern half of the building was a display of 

general manufactured goods almost as large, besides the brightly designed Court of the 

huckland Province, the Hawkeys Bar Court with its hits and wines, the little Court 

of Xsrlborough with its excellent show of wool, the alpine pictures and glorious lake 

scenes and mineral specimens sod coal-blocks of Westland, the Land of Gold and 

Greenstone, and the coloured maps and the pictures and model oil-plant of Egmontcrowned 

Taranaki, the Garden-province. In this seetion of the Exhibition, too, was 

the Labour Department's Court, a museum of attractively presented data relating to 

the life industriaL Some beautiful eshibits of furniture, of exquisitely hished pianos, 

of billiard-tables in New Zealand and Tasmanian d, were amongat the hundreds 

of misceUaneous articles that held the eye for a moment as one pasaed onward to the 

last cross-avenue and bmught up once more at the spacious passages and glittering 

merchandise of the Land of the Xaple-leaf. 

The superficial tont of the ground floor completed, the galleria remained. These 

galleries, running the length of the %in Building, above the frond north-and-wutb 

avenue, were reached by staircases on either side of the main entrance. Here one was

XEW ZEbLbhm EXEUEITIOX. 111 

in a quieter world. NO hum of trade resounded in these long-drawn galleries, no 

,gramophones brayed, no bands of music essayed sweet harmonies. At the northern end 

was the natural-history collection, one on which an immense amount 

of pains had been bestow* and deserving a better destiny than that 

which was its !ot in this Iralf-forgotten corner of the big Fair. 

Probably quite half of the merry crowds who thronged " Wonderland" or " shot the 

chute " into the waters of lTictoria Lake never saw the galleries at all ; perhaps least of 

all took the trouble to wslh- round this informative museum of fauna and flora, where a 

realistically reeonstmeted moa mounted guard-a gigantic bird gentinel of prehistoric 

da-p-over the minor curiosities of the animal kingd011~ Next came photographic ba-ys, 

- with eoxe beautiful sea-pieces, sunset studiea, scow-rams, and yachts lying over to a 

good whole-sail breeze (the work of an Auekland gentleman, doyen of marine photo- 

,graphic artists), and a handsome bevy of plump Maori girls in &-and-feather mantles. 

More camera studies, then, headiig southwad along the mmp echoing gallery, the great 

tn-o-thirds-size replica of the stem of Nelson's ibgship, the " Kotorp," with a multitude 

of Nelson mementos in copper and oak from the remains of another of the naval hero's 

flagships, the had J less famous " Foudro yant-" Round a corner there opened up the 

mav museum of the Technical Schools and the Home Industries Gallery, a collection of 

bewilderingly heterogeneous cbracter, embracing practically everything that could be 

made in the home, from top and models to lace and needlework, and home-furnishings 

artistic or utilitarian. or both combimed. What a cariosity-shop it was ! and how nlallF 

a young n~echanical genius it brought to light ! There were model pianos, model hats 

and canoes, painted-glass panela, carved tables, and chairs. and stools, and trays : 

carved cabiiets and sideboards ; inlaid work, railway models, and so on without number. 

One really fine and noteworthy thii was a specimen of lace made out of the dressed 

fibre of the New Zesland k, Phomium t . ; another was a beautiful model of r 

Maori war-canoe. the long vibg-ship of old New Zealand, exact in every detail of line 

and build and sea-going furniture, with a crew of Lilliputian Maoris launchiilg it. The 

technical schools of the colony were represented br a large collection of students' work, 

nluch of it of a high class of draughtsmsnship and art workmanship. There wem 

drawings in black-and-white in great number, also paintings in oils and in water-colours 

of ran-& merits, caste in plaster, models of charchee and buildings of sundr?. hjnds, 

and iron and brass work. In juvenile industry there was a large display, i plasticine 

and \rood, needlework, and brush work. Some very creditable examples of 

teeh~lical work came from Maori schools. Beyond these, a,&, was a display of 

lleedle\rork. and laces, aud embroideries, and kindred triumphs of womanly deftness 

and industry. 

This about completed the galleries tour. At the muthem end was e deint~ looking 

tea-room, opening on to e breezy balcony, where, high above the flower-beds and the 

lawns, one could watch the passing show from a table of tea and cakes, 2nd at night 

survey a fabyland of Iigh-h. 

A finer picture remained-the panorama from the top of the southern tower. 

-in electric elerator lifted one easily and noiselessly to the lntle balcony, far above 

the crowds and the heat and dust of the lover world, in the tonic 

From the windy air. 

Tower. 

Here. one overlooked the beantifd tree-bowered city. 

stretching out into the plains, and from here one reslised the mapllitude 

of the Exhibiion buildings with their fourteen miles of roofing. From the 

mountains to the sea the vision --an eye--picture of uncommon range and rare 

bean@. But night was the time of all times to mount the tower. The city glimmered 

in its thousand lights ; but more brilliantly far b M the Exhibition Palae, and the 

fete-places of "Wonderland," garish and prosaic by daylight but softened by night 

and glorified br the glow of dectricity and colonred lights, that found dazzling reflex


on the gently swaying surface of the little lake. Here, too. one could admire thc 

magnificence of the fireworks, when 

The upper air bnrnt into life 

Ad 8 h& fim-&p shseq 

and the lake. responsive. became a lake of he. One saw Wonderland outlined from 

,pnnd to top in colonred lights. listened to the crash of the nlirnic cannon in the hnge 

('\-rloran~a AS the trc~iieiiclotis three-clays battle of Gettysburg \\-as fought agaill bet\\-eel1 

hllle coat and grey : liste~~ecl to the voices of the n~errymnkcrs who shot the 11-ater-chute 

with slionts of laughter : or hesrrl. perhaps. in an ulfrequeat lull. fro111 the distant 

clim~iess of the Maori pa 3 high thin qoaverilig tcaiata. a chanr that seemed an echo 

of the far-mvny streanw that rolled oitd forests that complained in olden Jkori Lalid. 

thc voice nf i-he Spirit of tht- Sight.

" \I-OXDERLAS~." \VITII THE TOBOC.~AS. THE \\*ATER-(.HIXE. &r. 

Tlic total number of exhibitors at the Eshibition was 1.321. Of these 937 were 

Sew Zealand exhihitois. and 384 were from without the colony. 

ISTERS.\TIOSAI. ('H.\R.\CTER OF THE EXHIBITS. 

Cr-srom R ET~RXS. 

The follo\~-iiig return. roii~piled b\- the Custon~s Departnieiit. of the total values 

of eshihits under boi~cl. according to the coli~itries of their actual origie. sets forth thc 

rssct extent of ill^ i~lteni;rtio~lal aspert 01 the Exhibition :- 

t f 

Vnited Kingdom . . . . 1TF.107 Italy . . . . . 673 

bustralia-Victoria. £ 6,601 : Sem- S\s-itzerlantl . . . . 1% 

South Wales, 210.408 : Queens- Austria . . . . --- 1211 

land. £1,128 : South dustralia Gern~any . . 

£1.1 ; n'estern A~~stralia. Swede11 . . 

E310 : Tasmania, £4. . . . 9.832 Norxi-a? . . 

Fiji . . . . . . 4.44 Hollaitd . . 

Canada . . . . . . S,i66 Belgium . . 

rnited Statcs of -America . . 7.106 Syria . . 

Transvaal . . . . . . 26 Trinidad . . 

India . . . . . . 963 Cuba . . 

Ceylon . . . . . . 134 Philippines . . 

Burmah . . . . . . 9 China , . 

France . . . . . . 2.924 

Spain . . . . . . 16 Total 

8-Exh~bition. 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

-. 

. . 3.8.53 

. . 4 

. . 15 

. . 1.748 

671 

185 

- 1 

81 

15-4 

. . 10 

. . f 222.044

P~CIPAL EXHIBITS rn THEIB ORIG~. 

The following is a list of values of some of the principal item of exhibits under 

bond, with their countries of origin :- E 

.Arms, ammunition, accontrements, hmms, &c.-United Kingdom . . . . 1.923 

Bicycles-United Kingdom, $1,732 ; Canada, £33 ; France, £64 . . 1,829 

Boob and papers not otherwise enumerated, printed-United King&m, M1; 

New South Wales, £147 ; Cansda, ;W03 ; athera, £44 . . . . . . 1,395 

Cash-regktm+United States . . .. . . . . 1,635 

Chins and earthenware-United &om, 9290 ; athers, £125 . . 3,415 

Fan? goods and top-United Kingdom, f1,7X ; Victoria, ; Sew South 

Wales, £218 ; Qneensland, fl9 ; South Anstrah, £46 ; Fiji, $2260 ; India, 

£l38 ; won, f60 ; United htes, f645 ; France, f650 ; Germany, $272 ; 

Holland, f40 ; S-yia, f85 . . . . - - . . . . .. 4,798 

Pi-tackle, flies, hooks, &c.-United Kingdom . . . . . . 2,395 

Fnrnitnre and cabbetware+ including show-aws-United ~ingdok f6,733; 

Kctoria, £251 ; New South Wales, £374 ; Qneensland, f66 ; South Amtralia, 

£20 ; Tasmania, f4 ; Fiji, $15 ; India, f45 ; CsllPida, $479 ; United 

States. £71 ; Germany, f24 ; Belgium, £205 ; Holland, f550 ; Cuba, £10 . . 4M7 

Gas and oil enghes-United Kingdom, f2,497 ; United States, El12 ; Franee, 

£l3 ; Belgium, EN0 . . 2,862 

Glassware, including mirrors snd bottleiiiited kingdoi 'f4.81; iier South 

wales. £156 ; Canada e89 ; United States. E68 ; Austria, f632 : Germany, 

El30 ; others, f 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,767 

Hadrare-United Kingdom, fl.432 ; Australia, f;li2 ; Canada, £152 ; Vnited 

States, f16i ; Germany, 2497 ; India, £5 . . . . 2,755 

Jeae1le~-United Kingdom, f3,383 ; Qudmhl fl.49i .; Gern~m~, £i8 ; 

others, £38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.990 

Precious stones-Queensland, B20 ; +ion, f70 . . . . 390 

Hachinery-United Kingdom. f5,082 ; \Tictoria, El38 1 ~ew'hnth ~ies. $234 : 

Canada, a9 : United States, E1,549 ; France, #5 ; Gennanr. f 1.521 . . 8,678 

Metal manufactures not otherwise enumerated-United Kingdom, f3M ; Victoria. 

f 139 ; Ner South Wales, f 120 ; Canada, f77 ; United States, $522 . . 1,358 

PRINCTPAL IMPORTS. 

The following list gives the values of some of the principal inlports :- 

Xotor-cars--Enited Iiingdonq f5,352 ; Cada, -1 ; France, f 1.485 ; 

Belgium, f2W : United States, e308 . . . . . . . 

Notor-lomes-United Kingdom . . . .. . - 

Xusical instmluents-o-U Kingdom, £2,009 ; Xeu South Wales, 

£161 ; Canada, £104; Germany, B68 ; France, £450 ; United States, £74 

Musical i n s t m m e n t r g U Kingdom, f166; Canada, f.237; 

united !%ate, El71 . Nnsical instruments not othekw enumeratedhitd* -Kingdo& £3,115 

Canada, £29 ; United States, E119. . 

Pi- sculptures, and woh of art-u~. -Kingdom. f 119,fb ; &a 

South Wales, El,=? ; T'ictoria, f4302 ; Sonth Australia, e833 ; Queensland, 

£172 ; Ceylon, f5 ; Canada, EB7 ; United States, £& ; Italy, 

B50; Anstria,fl08; S+W .. . . 12'7,645 

Plated w-United Kingdom, a462 ; ~ictorii £38 ; &manr; kl . 2,521 

Ships' modeleUnited Kingdom . . 5,910 

Woodware not otherwise enumerated&%ed &do& 'f4~ ; Kew SoAh 

Wales, $430 ; Victoria, 3208 ; Sonth Austra1h, E30; rest Bmiralia, 

el20 ; Canada, ff15 ; Germany, a7 ; Sweden, £4 ... 

Theatrical and sideshow eqnipmenta-New South Wales, £3,?00 ; l&&ria, &

SECTION V. 

NEW ZEAWW GOVERXHENT DEPARl'BIENTAL COURTS. 

THE AGRICULTURAL COURT. 

P~o~ccrs OF TEB Son. 

IT map be, as is oftin predicted, that Xew Zealand will eventuall~ become the ,pat 

manufacturing country of the southern world, but for the present and for many years 

to come she wil depend for her solid prosperity on her agricultural and pastoral industries. 

It is the farmer that keeps the nation, the man who wins his way with the 

plough and the axe a-d the sheep-shears* the man of the dairy-farm and the cattlerun. 

Of close on fm,(WW),OOO worth of exports sent from New Zealand during the 

Exhibition year, 1906-7, very nearly f16,000,00 represented the products of the soil, 

in the form of wool, frozen meat, butter and cheese, hemp, and ,pin. The history of 

the agricultural and grazing businesses, particularly during the last decade, is one of 

wonderful e-xpansion, and the quanti? of farm-produce of first-class quality shipped 

awsp from our shores to the world's great market-ports is annuall? largely increasing. 

In a ver?. appreciable degree this satisfactorp condition of the produce-export trade is 

to be credited to the efforts made by the Government of the colony. through the A-picnlhual 

Department. to disseminate principles of scientific fanning amongst country pnducers, 

to improve the quality of all classes of farm-products. and br raising the grades 

to secure a high reputation and good prices for the colony's produce in the outside world. 

The Department of ,Agriculture occupied, as was fitting, the premier place amongst 

?he Government departmental courts at the Eshibition. Cpon it devolved the dut;r 

of displaying the choicest samples of the wealth of New Zealand's cornfields, and sheepruns, 

and cattle-farms, and orchards. of organizing a complete farmers' museum embracing 

a variety of educative exhibits, from orchard-pests to agricultural seeds and 

gmsses and fodder-plants: and of giving ocular demonstmtions of the nimt modern 

methods in such important branches of country life as poultry-raising. fruit-preserving 

and canning, and bee-keeping. In sound educative utility. it \\-as the nmt serviceable 

of any section of the Exhibition Farmers have come to regard the Agricultural 

Department as a real help to them in their battle with the soil-as, in fact, a great college 

of experts to which they can turn when in difficulties of a scientific and technical 

character. It n-as natural therefore to thousands of those who visited the Eshibition 

that the Department's court should ha\-e been the section of most particular biterest. 

affectine so closelr mid usefullr as it did the development of the geat prirnaq industries 

u-hch bring Sew-Zealanders more than three-fourths of their income. 

The Departnlent of Agriculture's Court occupied an annex of the main building 

on the western side, fronting on the long nvtern corridor and adjoining the rear of the 

Xakbinery Hsll. The space enclosed was 150 ft. long by 80 ft. \ride, giving 12.0 

square feet of floor-room. This was devoted to an exposition of the Department's 

methods, to an agricultural museum, and to displa~ of various hinds of New Zealand 

produce, such as flax in sun* stages of manufacture. Outside, in the rear of the 

Exhibition building, there were the Department's gardens of various ,gases and 

fodder-plants, and a model apiary. It was intended. in addition, to have a model 

dairy working in the grounds, but this idea was abandoned, unfortnnatel?, on account 

of the expense. 

Seventeen years ago the Department of Apiculture had no separate esistence

It was a division of the Department of Lands and Surve J. S i then it has developed 

into a very large and responsible Department of the State with a staff of about three 

hundred officers. In 1891 the Department's work was concerned chiefly with the inspection 

of stack and the destmction of rabbits ; it had a dairy expert and a fruit expert. 

Now it has ten important divisions covering every branch of agricula and pastoral 

industry in the colony. The most importent section of the Depsrhnent7s work is probably 

the Dairy Division. This includes the work of inapectina and grading all dairyproduce 

prior to its shipment abroad; all sales of New Zedand butter and chare 

based upon the Government grade, which has an excellent efEect in raising the 

standard of the colony's produce. In addition to the grading staa experts are constantly 

employed in making visits of instroction to th- engaged in the manufactare 

of butter and c k , both in the co-openrtive hetmies, now so numerous throughout 

the colony, and at the pkvate dairy farma The inspeetion of dairies supplying milk 

for human consumption also devolves on the Department. 

In the Veterinarp Division much good work is done in the way of preventing the 

spread of contagious diseases amongst.stock and in the inspection of all meat for export 

and meat killed at the public abattoirs for local consumption. Every animal killed at 

the abattoirs and every 'carcase and every tin of meat prepared for export is subject to 

a careful hpection. The Chief Veterinarian at the head of tb division has a staff 

of about sixty qualified veterinary surgeons and other offieers. 

The Divisions of Horticulture and Biology are particubdip concerned with the f a- 

tering of the fruit industry. Orchards throughout the colony are inspected by qualified 

instructom, and fruit-growers have the practical assistance of the division in dealing 

with omhard and ,-den pests. Settlers are given usefal information concerning gmws, 

weeds, insects, kc., and the best methods necesary for combating diseases affecting 

clcops. The fruit-canning industry is assisted br the services of a fruit-preserving expert, 

and there are bee-keeping experts for the instruction of all those interested in the pm- 

duction of honey. The staff engaged in these two divisions is under the charge of Mr. 

. Kirk, Biologist, who also fmm the in'tiation of the Dep~rtment till recently edited and 

superintended the distribution of literature dealing with matters that particularly 

interest the farmer and the fruit-grower. 

The wine-making industry has the attention of the Government Viticulturist, who 

superintends the Government vineries in the Auc~d and Hawke's Bay Districts and 

makes visits of inspection to the vinepard% throughout the colony. Large quantities of 

ph-doxera-resistant vines are supplied to pwes The Podw Division is now becoming an importaut brmh of the Department. 

There are poultq--breeding stations at Ruakura, North Auckland, Moumahaki in the 

Wanganui district, Burnham near Christchurch, and Milton in Otago ; and at the four 

chief ports of the colony there are depots for the dressing and @g of poultry for 

export. Many thousands of birds are now sent away annually from these stores in the 

freezing-chambers of the krge ocean steamers. 

The hemp-milling industry engages the attention of a qwcial division consisting of a 

Chief Fibre Expert and a number of Graders and Instructors and other officers. Since 

the passing of " The Flax Grading and Export Act, 1901," all Phiurn tenaz fibre 

for export has been graded at the principal ports, and as a result thete has been a great 

improvement in the qualitp of the fibre. 

The Chemical Division, under the charge of an agricultural chemist and botanist' 

attends to the analpsis of soils, farm-products, kc., for farmers, free of charge, aud 

advises generally on matters of a.griculW chemistry. 

In the Stock-inspection Division a great deal of usefnl work is done in inspecting 

all cattle in the colony and in preventing the spread of stock-dkases, in dealing with 

the rabbit pest' in impedq dairies, and in eradicating noxious weeds.

The broad aim of the Department, as set out by its head, Mr. Ritchie, the Secretary 

for Agriculture, is to ~ u rthe e adoption of the most approved methods of fanning, to 

improve generally tlie .conditions under which crops are produced and stock reared, 

and to safeguard the reputation of the colony's produce by raising the grade of the 

irtiel~s exported. 

- These, the& were some of the uses of this most useful of public Departments, 

which were sought to be illustrated and elucidated in the Exhibition cod.. 

Utility was the main effect aimed at in planning the CON but at the same time 

there was much to attract the general visitor. As the court was approached, the ere 

was caught by the boldly lettered fzcb painted on the roof-beams in terse advertisement 

of the nation's agricultural riches. The beams bore statements of the co1on~'s 

total exports and the proportion fumkhed br products of the farm, and details were 

git-en of the several values of the great staple articles on which the countq depends. 

Euteriug the court one of the first things that took the eye was a splendid exhibit of 

dressed hemp ; then came the interesting little museum arranged br the biological 

section of the Department. There were many other featares of high value to the farmer 

and the orchardist. These d be referred to in some detail in their several sections. 

The attendance at the court throughout the season of the Exhibition was large ; often 

there were crowds of visitors, particularly when the demonstrations and addresses were 

being given by the Government experts. Outside the building prectical demonstrations 

c o m d with the model apiq were given. and large numbers of tisitom sought 

information in bee-culture and honey-luah8. The pass and forage-plants plots \ren? 

a never-failing source of interest to visitom not ody from country districts, but a'so 

from the cities. 

The staff of the hpartnient associated with the Exhibitiou court were thc 

following :- 

O5cer in Cluuge . . .. Mr. T. a. Kirk F.L.S., Chief of 

I)it-isiow of Bioiog-, Horticulture, 

slld Publications. 

Deputy Officer in Charbe . . Mr. George Biaset, Editor of Publications. 

~ruit-c* Expert . . BIr. IY. Jacques. 

Apicuiau . . . . . . Mr. I. Hoph~s ; a11d sspista~~t, Miss 

Li\-esay. 

Officer i11 charge of Gm-gardcn JIr. -4. hcpherson. 

Poultr?- Expert . . . . Xr. 1). 1). Hyde ; ad iuskta~~t. Mr. 

F. C'. Brown. 

Fibre Espert . . . . Yr. C. J. Fulto11. 

IVhie Expert .. . . Mr. R. Bragato. 

The divisions of the Uepartmellt under Mr. Kirk's control exhibited c.allections 

in the court illustrating diseases of crops. owhards, and gardens, and how to treat them ; - 

insects attacking crops and fruit ; grain both in sheaf and threshed ; commodities made 

fro111 each kind of grain ; grasses, forage-plants, and weeds ; farnl seeds ; cmed, preserved, 

and fresh fruit ; working machinery for fruit-canning ; wattle-barks for tanning ; 

a p i appliances ~ ; packages for produce ; fruit-models ; useful and injurious birds ; 

spra* machinerr and pumps ; and publications and illustrations dealing with agricultural 

mstters. 

Of these, a particularly valuable object-lesson to the farmer and the fruit-grower 

was the large collection of specimens of grain, seeds, weeds, and diseases and pests 

of vegetation, the reault of pears of work, which had been housed in the Agricultural 

Jinseum in the Customs Buildings, Wellington. The specimens, including manr from

Mr. Kirk'a private collection, numbered four thousand. Each was plainly labelled 

with the name and all n particulars. There were some seven hundrd epeci- 

mens in=& fmm all park of the world, illustrating the various 

diseases of crops and fruits in b!ight and insect form; there 

were six hundred specimens of grams and weeds, and there were 

Museum. 

over two hundred varieties of potatoes preserved in a so!ution 

of formalin. The collection of insect pests was one of particular interest to the 

agricuhriat and horticnltnrist, and information as to the best means of coping 

with these enemies of the man on the lsnd was continually being sought by V&OR 

to the court. Amongst the specimens of orchard-pests shorn were ph-dosera, 

so mnch dreaded by the vine-grower. There was a collection of woods show- 

ing the damage done by timber-boring hsects, including pieces of lianri-pine eaten 

through by the termite ant. and American axe-handles and varions articles of white- 

pine attacked br boring-beetles. A number of destructive fruit-flies were exhibited, 

including one which in the Hawaiian Islands seems to make a special* of attacking 

fits like the water-melon. Amongst the destructive scale ineects shown were those 

which affect the rariona citrus £ruits, and also the blue-gum wale, from Australia, 

which since its accidental introduction into New Zealand has wrought considerable 

diunage amongst the eucalyptus plantations in South Canterb~. This pest is preyed

upn by the ladybirds, specimens of which were on exhibition. There was a Yery 

complete collection of farm seeds : thb exhibii included samples of seeds of the principal 

imwsea and fodder-crops sent b~ Messrs. Williams and Kettle, of Napier, and Katers. 

Ritchie. and Co., Dunedin. There were good specimens of the cereal^ grown on the 

Government experimental farms. In grain, samples were shown in the esr, on the 

walls, and below there were bws containing samples of threshed grsin of practicallr 

ereq kind grown in New Zealand. The sheat-es and grain-samples shown were in man? 

cases diseoloured by the veF wet harvest season of 1906, but the display as a whole 

was, despite this, of excellent qual*. The colledon was arranged to show the relative 

,010wth of each variety under varying conditions of soil and climate. The +-errhibit 

proved to be one of particular interest to farmers, and there were many requests-which 

were as far as possible complied with-from settlers, schoolk, and technical classes for 

small quantities of seeds for experiments1 purposes. Enlarged photos of prize stock, 

large orchards, and farm scenes illustrated the raping nature of the work that falls 

to the farmer's lot. For the fruit-grower there were some perticularl?- interesting exhibits 

in the form of eoloured models of good specimens of fruit. There was also a 

collection of bii useful and injurious to the orchardist. The stages of dentition of farm 

animals at various ages was illustrated br e collection of slrplls speciall~ prepared for 

the Eshibition by Mr. 8. C. Quinnell, M.R.C.1-.S. 

In the fruit section, good displays of apples, pears, and quinces were made br the 

horticulttual section of the Monmahalii Experimental Station (Mr. W. J. Palmer, hoddturist). 

These comprised about two hundred varieties. From 

Fruit South Island orchards about ninev varieties were sent. collected 

and by Mr. J. C. Blackmore, Pornologist. All these were splendid specimens 

of the products of h'ew Zealand orchards. well pn-n and 

preserving. 

of excellent quality in evq respect. An exceedingly interesting 

and informative feature of the court mas the series of practical demonstrations 

of fruit canning and preserving and \-egetable-canniq given by Mr. 8. Jaques, 

Canning Expert. A complete plant for this purpose asas fitted up, and at 

frequent intervals practical lessons in the art of putting up fruit in glass and 

in tins R-ere given. These demonstrations were alwa?-s well attended, and on 

several omasions parties of schoolgirls were taken to gain some practical hints in this 

useful art. The articles prese~ed in this way were peaches, pears, apples, plum, 

apricots. quinces. gooseberries, tomatoes. and pen-peas. The can-making plant, all 

excellent one of the latest class, lent to the Ilepartn~el~t b?- Measrs. Bradley and 

Bureh, London. A wllection was shown of the products of fruit-preserving works ~II 

various parts of the wlony, most of them v q attractirel?- prepared for sale, and of the 

best qualiv. These tinned fruits, &c., were sent from the factories of the following 

companies and firms : The Frimler Canning Facto~, Hastings (Hawke's Bay) ; S. 

Kirhpatrick and Co., Nelson : Clark Bros., \rhawrei : Teviot Fruit-preserving Company 

(Limited). Rosbqh : Holiis~lp Co-operative Pm-ing. C'anniug. and Pacbing Cornpauy 

: Peter Becroft, Port Albert, Aucklalid : J. H. Hinton and Co., Dunedh ; F. G. . 

Parsollson and Sons, Christehurchurch ; and J. and A. 8. Munnings, Christchurch. 

Amon,@ the vrUi011~ horticultursl and other appliances in the wnrt were a nuluber 

of machines and pumps for spraying orchard-trees. and potatoes, and other crops. A 

practical trial of these machines, which were lent by various makers and agents for 

exhibition and was conducted by Mr. G. Quinn. Horticdturist of the South 

-4ustralian Department of Agriculture, and Xr. Kirk. The trial was not competitive. 

There were fourteen or fifteen pumps of various classes, varying from the useful small 

,oarden bucket-pumps to the knapsack-pump and a horse-power pump for spraying. large 

orchards. The eshibiting ihm were Hem. E. Reece and Son, Christchurch ; B. Bdens, 

Cluistchurch : A. Tab and Co.. .4uokland : and E. IF. BfiIls and Co., WellinCvto~.

In the centre of the mnrt there was e lmge stand of New Zealand wines, 

the produce of the Government vineri- which produce grap that make excellent 

light wines. The wines were made under the supervision of Mr. R. 

G"p" Bmgato, Goremment Viticm. &vera! private vigneros in 

and ,- various parts of the colony a h contributed to the exhibit of 

wines. During the latter pmt of the =bition season, two large 

comipents of Auckland-pwn grapes, which amved at the Exhibition, demonstrated 

the exceeding snitab%@ of some parts of the hbrfh for the culture of the best hds 

of grapes in the open air. -4bout two tons of grapes were sent down by private 

growers ; &her consignments were sent from the Government vineyards at Weerenga 

on the Lower Waikato. Samples of the grapes were displayed in the Agricultural Department's 

Court, and the rest were quickly so!d in the Exhiiition at 6d. per pound. 

The Government consignment included the following varieties, all of excellent quiltp : 

Table-grapes-Mmt Hambnrgh, Temporsno, Blacl; Alicante, Trebiano Bianca, Pantage 

or Flame Tokay' Royal hot, D d a , and Ulliade ; vine-grape%-Pedro Ximenes, 

Hermitage, La Folle, Cabernet, Sauvignon, Riesling, Bhsame, Bhtmo, and Malbec. 

The \Titicultural d o n of the Depsxtment of Agriculture grow about 120 varieties 

of grapea at its stations-aaerenga in South Auckland, and dretdi in Hawke's Bay. 

The Department has been for some ;re818 experimenting in the dkction of ascertaining 

which are the most snitab!e kinds of wine-making and table grapes for cultivation in 

New Zealand. It was explained to inqnirers at the Agricultural Department's Court 

that for white wine La Folle, Pedro Xmenes, Riesling, and Iksame are preferred, 

and for red wine Cabernet Saul-ignon, Hermitage. Pinean Yennier. and Malbec. 

Wool, which last year brought New Zealand in seven and a half millions sterlingthe 

cash return for the 426,582 bales exported-was represented in the court b~ a splendid 

collection of samples, the most attractive and comprehensive yet made in 

Wool. the colony. There were nearly two hundred samples, covering almost 

. every breed and cross in the two Islands. There were a number of fine 

fleeces from stud sheep ; and general-flocli wools were also represented. Each sample 

was given its respective Bradford spinning qnaliv bj- Mr. B. J. Xarqnet, Instructor in 

Wool-clas&g at the Seddon Technical College, Christchmh; this provided woolgrowers 

with a most useful object-leason in the several values of the respective breeds 

and crosses At the close of the Exhibition a number of the samples were given by the 

gron-ers and the Department to the museum of the Seddon Technical College as the 

nucleus of a collection of Sea Zealand wools. 

A few ?ears ago the Government Agricultural Department began an experiment 

in the direction of breeding -era goats by importing several from Victoria and South 

Australia. The Governme~lt's chief breeding-place for Angoras is Motnsrs Island, 

near the entrance to Queen Charlotte Sound, Marlborough. The flock at this place now 

numbers over a hundred pure-bred and half-bred Angorag Floch of cmwbred Angoras 

are now being reared in Selson, Marlborough, and Westland. The Aedrs are uaeful in 

the first place for keepiug don-n weeds, and eventually their production of mohair will 

be of cwmmerica! The Government's lead is being followed by private individuals 

in sex-era1 parts of the Dominion. About a hundred Angora goats were impod 

during 1905-6 b~- farmers in the Wborough and other districts. Experts 

have pven x-ery favourable opinions of mohair from Angoras in New Zealand. 

The small flocks, which are probably the begimbg of a big industry, were illnstrsted 

in the Department's court br a painting by Miss Flora Sales of a flock of Angora 

goats, and a number of photo,papphs. In glass cases were shown samples of Angora 

fleeces and the mohair used in manufactures. Alongside the New Zealand samples 

were shown some from Turkey and Cape Colony. An exhibit from sn 3hgliah mannfactwing 

fim comprised specimens of the combed hair in various stages up to the

finished fabrics, amongst which were figured plushes suitable fbr uphobring. - An example 

shown in the Exhibition of one of the uses to which the artide may be put was 

a pair of socks, hand-spun.and knitted by a Scandinavian woman in Hawke's Bay, from 

mohair grown in that district. 

The remarkably beautiful quality of the strong fibre produced from New Zealand's 

own peculiar plant, the Phortnium baas-the Maori humkk, called by the white settler 

. . 

-" flax "-i~ae exceedingly well exemplified by a- be exhibit of the 

. Hemp. 

ool6ny's h'empmbda&wes. - Common everywhete throughout the 

hlony, swishing its long handsome mord-leaves in every swamp 

and by msiny thousands of streams, the native flax now ranks as one of our 

most valued staplei, of manufsctnre and -rt. Yielding a' strong elastic fibre 

quite equal to the kt Manila hemp, it makes cordage of the highest stre~igth 

and durability; it is largely used in America for making binder-t+e; it has 

been converted by the Japanese into imitation a-; it has been made into 

paper and it is now beginning to be used for eanrils. In fact, its possible 

uses are multitudinous, and very wisely the Government and the millers of New Zealaud 

are entering in earnest into the systematic cultivation of flax. Heretofore millers 

have confhed themselves to cutting out the natural growth of the pht in the swamps, 

and on the plain, and alongside the lowland watema~s ; in future it will be cultivated 

on a large scale. The Maoris, indeed, set the pakehas a lesson in this respect, for in 

many a Native village, such as those along the banks of the Wanganui River, large 

clumps of the best kinds of flax may be seen, planted there for use in the making of lcib 

aud the soft woven mats which the women manufacture- And, with all his modern

SEW 9XAIASD EXBIBITIOK. 

appliances, the white hemp-miller has never yet been able to dress the fibre so beautifully 

as the old 4 n e Maori did with her little pipi-shell. 

The eshibit of this valuable native product of ours-the Maori called it rt&& when 

dressed ready for the market ; we call it commercially " hemp," though it is commo~llp 

spoken of as "flax "ensisted of fifty-four bales of dressed fibre and tow built up in 

a large trophy in the court, two colldom of the manufactud article, a nnmber of 

~mtive woven mats made from the best varieties of flax, and some growing Phonbbium 

terurz plants. The hemp came from milling establishments in the Au-d, finawatu, 

Nelson, Xarlborough, Canterbury, and Southland Districts, and represented the several 

gdes from " superior" to " common." Each bale was grsded by the Government 

Chief 'Fibre Expert, and bore the necessary "tag" indicating the grade. The tow 

comprised samples of the various qualities packed for esport. The high quality and the 

immense possibilities of this fine fibre were emphasized by the exhibit of cable, rope, 

and cordage and twine of various sorts and sizes, manufadmd at the request of the 

Agricultural Department b~ Mesm. Donaghy and Co. (Limited), of Dunedin, and lent 

for exhibition by this firm. The material was all the best grade of flax, and the large 

ropes and other cordage made from it were remarkably good specimens of factory-work, 

and excited the admiration of many visitors with expert linowledge, including some 

bnainess men from the Tnited States. Nothing could have been better devised to 

advertise the excellent quality of the once-despised common flax-plant as a material 

for the best of cordage-work. hothex good collection of hemp-manulfsctnres, d e r 

in size but of exdent quality* ma sent by Metrw. James Maddren and Sons, of Christ- 

church. In addition there were long hanks of soft silky fibre and specimens of Native 

dyed mat and cloak work in the Maori-drewsed material. To complete this h e section 

-the best exhibit of the products of the flax-mill yet made in the colony-there war, a

. collection of the various machines and appliances used in fias-worlis, sent by Iessrs. 

Booth, Hacdonald, and Co., and Anderson's (Limited), of Christchurch ; A. and T. Bnrt., 

of hedin : W. Fairweather, of Blenheim ; and J. Barry, of Renwicktown, Marlborough. 

In a glass case containing Mr. KirKs private collection of works dealing with New Zea- 

land flax, there was a rare little book, printed seventy years ago on paper made from 

New Zealand muka. Its title-page bore the following words : " An Account of the 

Phormium tenaz or Xew Zealand Flax, printed on Paper made from the Leaves ; with 

a Postscript on Paper. By John Xurray, F.S.A., FLS. London: Henry Renshaw, 

356 Strand, 1836." 

The absence of a working flax-mill was commented on by some visitors. Had a 

model State flax-mill been set up in the grounds and kept working at intervals thfough- 

out the Exhibition, not only would it have been a great source of interest to visitors- 

despite the screeching of the stripper-but millers themselves, eqe&lly beginners. 

would have benefited considerably h m the practical instruction that could thus have 

been afforded, particularlp as to the proper choice of leaves nsed and the fmhhing-off 

of the fibre. 

Tbe wattle grown in large quantities on the Government experimental station at 

Waereng, South Suckland, is of considerable marketable value on account of the suit- 

T- 

abilitg of ita barb; for Ieather-tanning purposes. Specimens of this 

bark. 

wattle-bark, whole and ground, together with the timber, in the 

form of poles and pods, were on &%ition. 

Outside, at the rear of the Departmeni's court, was a space of a little over an acre, 

enclosed for the purpose of cultivation as a garden of grasses and forage-plants. There 

were 1% plots each 12 it. by 8 ft., some of them planted with the 

and 

agricn:tural and forage plants generally cdtivaed in New Laland, 

Forage-planta. 

together with n number of those regarded as useful in other countries 

including various kinds of sorghum and saltbush. By midsummer 

a11 the p!ants had made excellent growth, and some of the sorghums and millkts eventually 

attained a height of 10 f. These Exhibition plots were of intense interest to 

farmers; maq- of the planta were quite new to the apiculturists of New Zealand, 

eud in consequence many applications were received for plants for experimental purposes. 

Xr. Kirk delivered several ddresw to farmers dufag the season, dealing with 

some of the more interesting plots in the agricaitnd garden. It was explained thst 

the plots were not exactly experimelltal, but had been prepared in order to show 

visitors as many knda rrs p&ble of grsaoes and forage-piah grown in New Zealad, 

Auatmdia, and e!sewhere, so that their characteristics might be popularly known. Man?of 

those hithe~to little known in this country seemed well fitted from their lasuriant 

growth for cuitivztion here, but for some others the soil did not seem suitable. 

Amongst the graases grown in the plots were the following: 

Piorb (dqrostis stohifem), fodder-,orsss for reclaimed swamp lands and wet 

meadows, but of little or no use on lands where other grasses will flourish ; me&foxtail, 

an excellent permanent pasture-grass; crested dogs@, cocksfoot, timothy, 

perennial rye-grass, Italien ~e-grass, Xew Zezlvld rice-grass, Golden Cmwn grass 

(Pns&u+n dilatatcm), and other well-horn grasses ; various Australian grasses, such as 

native paddock-grass (not hitherto tested in Xer Zealand) ; the New South Wales 

bay-grass ; Hew South Wales native love-grass (a good coarse-growing tussochy grass 

excellent for forage) ; Guinea-grass; two South Africa -the Natal red-top 

and Rhodes grass ; Red canary-seed from North America ; and seven different hds of fescues, valuzble constituents of sheep-pasturage, including the well-horn Chewing's 

fescue. so useful as a sheep-food in high-1wg and poor county (this grass is 

peculiar to Hem- Zealand), and described as a sport from one of the forms of our 

native festuca ( Durid. Hook.) ; severa: different kinds of oat-grass, including Few 

+

SEW ZlULk?r?) EXRlBITIOL. 

Zea!and oat-grass, prairie-grass, !arge% grown in the southern parts of the United 

States, and buffalo-grass from Ameri-a grass which, in the opinion of the Agricult& 

Department, should command more attention from Now Zealand fanners than 

it does, espedp in the warmer districts, as a succulent and high]? nutritious stockfood 

; Canadian blue-grass ; Texm blue-grass, and several other Ends of pas. The 

useless and even noxious sweet vernal (A~thamnthum odoraturn) was included as a 

specimen of a grass that should be discouraged br farmers as much as possible, as it is 

immenselr damaging to pastures in Kea Zeclend by crowding out useful psses. %o 

'useful sand-binding paws, the sea lyne-grass and the aea-tussock were also amongst 

the collection. Of leguminous forage-plants there wes a highly usefd red clover, a 

white clover, and a number of other trefoils, including two hitherto unknown in New 

Zealand. such as the Egqiian clover (Trijdiwn~ alaadtinurn), the principal green 

forage and hay crop porn in Em. A good plot of lucerne of excellent growth WFS 

shorn. Amongst the legumes an interesting plant was the Florida velvet been, a trsiling 

plant with long vines, a native of India and of grat value es a forage ; and serradella 

(Orifopus atiuus), an annual from 1% in. to 18 in. high, cultivated in mmy parts 

of Europe on high sandy ground. Of sorghums eleven Ends were shown. Sorghums, 

it was eacplained, are divided into two group-those which contain little or no sugar 

and those which have from 10 to 20 per cent. of saccharine material. To the former 

belong dura, &&-corn, and chicb-corn, and of the latter the best-known variety 

is the Early Amber sugar-cane. Kone of these sorghums are much cultiveted in New 

Zealand. 8s maize, which closelr resembles sorghum, is much preferred by agricultnrists. 

The sorghum shown included the sweet sorghum growing 8 ft. high ; the Early Amber 

cane of equally luxuriant growth : E-ian corn, an abundant fodder-plant 2 ft. to 

3 ft. high ; the Hungarian. African, and Japanese millet, and evergreen broom-corn 

and golden broom-corn nlillet. Amongst the wuious other plants shorn as useful for 

stock-foods yere rape, thousaud-headed Lie, Jerse~ kale, kohl-rabi drunlhead cabbage, 

turnips, and white mustard. Several kinds of sattbush, valuable only on poor arid 

land, mere shown in the plots. One of these. the creeping saltbush, has been the oile 

most grown in various parts of the world, particularly in the United States, where 

it gron-s well on lands containing large percentages of salt ; all the most useful 

kinds are natives of Auwralia. Of lniscellaneous plants included in the garden there 

were specimens of Cape barley, ~e-corn, chirorr, linseed, bnch~heat-regarded as 

a very useful plant to grow on poor lands-and esparto grass, grown chiefl~ for papernlahg. 

- 

.blother interesting and educative feature of the Agricultural Department's espition 

was the \\.orking apiary. occupying a site of a quarter of an acre adjoining the grassgarden. 

This model bee-garden was designed, laid out, and equipped by 

Mr. I. Hopliins, Government Apiarisn, and stocked with twenty colonia 

of bees presented b?- Mr. E. Richards of Waihao Downs South Centerbuv. 

h the garden was a heat building containing an up-to-date extractingroom 

and a tinning and storing workshop. with fumigsting-chamber attached. To 

beekeepers, this model apia~. and the practical exhibitions given of bee-hiving snd 

honey-making mere of exceeding utilit:~. The honer business is of great value to tbe 

colon?-, niore valuable than nlost New-Zeelanders are perhaps awzre. It is estimated 

that during the Exhibition year 1906-7 over 2,000,000 1b. of honey were produced in 

New Zealand. The output was approximatel< 850 tons of honey and 25 tans of wax, 

which, at 4d. and Is. 3d. per pound respectively, would be of a total value of something 

over e35.000. Mr. Hopbins, in his report to the Department for 1907, says that at the 

present rate of progress he expects to see the output trebled in three or four seasons. 

The largest Kew Zealand bee-farm is one at Masterton, which last season yielded 32 tons 

of honey from 750 colonies of bees. The bees in the Department's garden were housed

OFFICIAL EECOBD 

in hive of an up-to-date type. one with glass to show the bees at work, and br way of 

confrsst some of the old-fashioned straw hives were exhibited close by. During the 

Exhibition season practical demonstrations covering all operations of beekeeping were 

given by Mr. Hopkins or by his mistant, Miss Livesa~. These were watched with 

great interest by beekeepers, some of whom took a systematic course of instruction ; 

four ladies passed the prescribed e-ation entitling them to a ceaifieate of 

proficiency. 

In the Department's court in the Exhibition there was a comprehensive exhiiit 

co~meded with the beekeeping industry. It included honey from all parts of the 

world, 811 kinds of beekeeping appliances, literature relating to bees, and a set of 

charts of the anatomy of the honey-bee. The principal feature of this exhibit was 

a stand of honey and wax produced at the Exhibiion apiarr, both of good qualie. 

Some 

- 

of the honey was put up in 2 1b. tins labefled with a view of the api~. The 

sign ''.State Apiary," snrmounting the stand, was worked in honeycomb by the bees in 

the apury- 

The efforts which the Government Agricultural Department is making to further the 

poultrp industry in the colony were illustrated by a very complete display of requisites in 

connection with the breeding of birds, The eshibit was under the charge 

of Mr. F. Bmwn, Assistant Poultry Fapert, and the great numbsir of 

-try inquiries he received from poultry-raisera concerning the scienac methods 

of breeding was a proof of the educational value of the Department's show. 

The Poultry Division of the Agricultud Department does a great deal in the way of 

lectures and demonstrations by experts and the eimdation of pamphlets and hsndboob 

to assist growers in spedisiq and in raising the most profitable strains of 

pod*. The Government has model poultry-farma at Ruah~ra, Momhaki, Burnham, 

and Milton. The PonltrpDivision display at the Exhibition included hot-air and hotwater 

brooders shown in full work, and hot-air and hot-aster'incubato~, models of 

standard poultry-homes and brooders, trsp-n&, force-feeding machines, bone and 

grit mills, drinking-fountains, &c. The majority of these appliances, representing the 

most up-to-date requisites in connection with this industrv, were lent by local agents 

for the manufacturers. An exhibit of frozen pou!try pecked for export was shown in a 

gltw-bed refrigerated chamher during the course of the Exhibition. In the EXhibition 

grounds there was a model poultry-yard, with incubators, breeders, and all 

kinds of poultry appliances and foods. In a hall inside the main building patent eggcamers 

were shown. The private exhiiitors in the pod* section were Yews. Wick 

(Limited), Gre-vmouth, and the Dawson Patent Egg-carrier Company. 

During the Exhibition season the dgrieulhd Department distributed man? 

thousands of pamphlets, leaflets, and handbooks on various agricultural subjects; 

and there was a great demand on the part of the visiting public for information on the 

scientific methods of fruit-growing and pontfrq--keeping, beekeeping, fias-cultivation, 

and ppe-pwiug. du illustrated pamphlet entitled " ,Agienlture in New Zealand " 

was speciall?- prepared b~ 51r. Bid for distribution at the Exhibition. , 

In connection with agriculture, the Canterbury Agri* and Pastoral Association 

conducted interesting showa and experiments during the currency of the Exhibiion. 

There were monthly shows of fat sheep and lat lambs, p h for which were given 

respec-tivelj- by the Christchnrch Meat Company and the Canterbury Frozen Near 

Cornpan?. The prize lambs were elrluibii in the frozen state in a gk-walled refri- 

-gemtor, ahich formed part of the display made by the latter company. A series of 

Interesting esperiments in potato-growing with &OILS kinds of fertilisers were held in 

a portion of the grounds at the rear of the Exhilition Buildings. These experiments 

were of oonsitlerable value to agrictaltm&a

THE MIXES COURT. 

NEW ZEALAND'S ~KIREML WEALTH. 

New Zesland posmws nearly every mineral known to science. It is particularly 

rich in such valuable minerals as gold and cual, and the fact that only a small portion 

of the known andferous areas and other mineralised belts have yet been developed 

justifies the belief that the mining industq is capable of enormous expansion. Already, 

however, it poasesees the most productive gold-mine and the third most productive 

colli~ in Australasia. The gross value of all minerals produced in the colon? during 

the pear 1906 amounted to f3,811,811, which was very near1;r a quarter of a million in 

excess of the output of 19%. Of this total the gold-mines contriiuted $2,170,904 in 

gold, and £169,484 in silver. 

The immense vane5 of the metals and minerals that lie beneath the surface of 

these Islands was exemplified in the large court of the New Zealand Kim Depart- 

ment. which \ras located at the northern end of the Exhibition Buildings, and directly 

opposite the New Zealand Railways exhibit. Though not quite a complete collection 

of the horn minerals of the tonne, it was an attractive displar of the treasures of 

the rocks. and the excellent methods adopted in ib arrangement added rpatly to its 

educative value. The collection of minerals in the court would have been more than 

doubled had the various provincial specimens been concentrated here, but each pro- 

vince showed its mineral productions in its own section ; W&land in particular pro- 

vided a splendid museum of ib mineral riches that almost equalled that of the Mines 

Department. Accordingly, the description of the Mines Court which follows should

e read with those of Weatland and other courts in order to gather a really comprehensive 

idea of the present economic importance and fnture pmsibilitie8 of the New 

Zesland mineral belts, 

Very. fittingly the enormow wealth won from the goldfields of New Zeaknd 

the first thing emphasized in the arrangement of the Court. The visitor* turning to 

-en-jer the court, saw before him a pat gilt monolithic structure cover- 

Gold. '- ing the frontage of the court, pierced by three doomap8, and beariw 

the inscription in bold 1- : " This trophy represents the gold and 

silver esported from New Zealand during period 1867-1M. hces, 25,147,175. 

Value, £69,782,921." Within the court there were ease^ and stands £dl of all kinds 

of mineral specimens, and geological maps and mining photographs adorned the walls. 

Goid-quartz ~pecimens bulked very largely, and very completely epitomized the great 

auriferous fields of the colony. Natxd~, prominence was @en to a h e collection 

of gold-bearing om from the famous Waihi Mine, Ohinemmi. the premier gold-mine 

in Australasia, which has (up to the time of writing) produced nearly £6,000,000, and is 

winning gold at the rate of over £60,000 per month. The lo\\--,pde ores, which the 

IVaihi Company has treated with such great success, \\-ere exhibited in consiclerable 

bulk. An exhibit of particular interest from this mine was one shon-iq the peculiarities 

that are distinctii-e of thermal siliceous deposits. and de~not~strating the nlethod 

which the Martha Reef and other master lodes in the f aihi Cotnpany's ground had 

been fornied. Othcr quartz lllasses that eshibited the characteristics of thermal quartz 

were several auriferous and argentiferous specimens from the Komata Reefs-a mine 

that has produced over a quarter of a million's N-orth of gold. There were good col- 

lections from various other important quartz-mines on the Hauraki goldfields. including 

rich displays of orc from those .great mines in the Kanugahake Gorge. the New Zealand 

Cro\\.n Jfines and the Talismau. The stoue from the Talisman Reefs gave 50 02. of 

gold and 63 oz. of silver to the ton. The IVaihi Grand Junction, which promises to be 

a rich gold-producer, was represented by a h e display of specimen ores. Amongst the 

other .samples froni various parts of the Auchnd Province were specimens of the rich 

hut refractor?- ores from Waiomo Creek. on the Coromaudel Peninsula, and Te Amha.

In a recess on the right were a number of v~ rich specimens of quartz from the Waiotahi 

Wie, at the Thames, which has produced over £600,000 worth of gold. In the recess 

on the left were specimens from two other Tharnes mines, the Omahu and %dental. 

On the north side of the court there were table-cases filled with hand-specimens 

of the roch of the gold-bearing Yoehau (Cape Colrille) Peninsola aud the Hauralii 

Iinii District. These were representative of nearly all the various kinds of IWL 

on the Peninsula, of Merent ages from Devonian to Pliocene. The oldest rocks in this 

collection were those of the Tokatea Range, Commandel, on which are situated the 

Royal Oak and Tokatea Mines. The rocks shorn were duplic8tes of those described by 

Professor Sollss, of Word University, in the work " Rocks of Cape Colville Peninsula." 

The remainder of the collection was exhibited in cases on the southern wall of the 

court, and on a shelf were also shown samples of the Merent forms of ordinary auriferous 

quartz, siliceous sinter, kc., in the Hauraki goldfields. These it was at first thought 

would have been shown in contrast with the dif£erent samples of quartz from the We& 

land mines and other parts of the South Island. but the materials not behg available 

the idea was not carried out. However, the visitor interested in gold-mining was able 

to study the West Coast ores in the excellent mineral section of the Westland Court in 

the Exhibition. On the walls of the court there were shown a series of photo-micrographs 

illustrstive of the wks of Cspe Colrille Peninsula and the H a d goldfields 

that were displaped in the g b cases. These photo-micrographs. which were originally 

taken by Mr. Alexander McKar, Government Geologist, to illustrate the work on the 

rocks of Cape Colrille Peninsula br Professor Sollas, were directly from the rock-slice 

without after-enlargement. Amongst other goldiields exhibits there were shown under 

glass valuable samples of alluvial and reef gold from all parts of Biew Zealand. A special 

exhibit of this nature represented the product of the Golden Point Gold and Tungsten 

Xiie at Macrae's Flat, Ohgo, which had up to the date of the Ehibition yielded gold 

and acheelite to the value of EU,000. 

Amongst the Kea Zealand gold-mining companies which contributed exhibits of 

quartz, &c.. there are some wealthy dividend-pa~erii. led the ,pat Waihi, which had 

up to the end of 1906 paid dividends of very near]? two millions and a quartRr sterling, 

and which spends about f1,000 a day in the Dominion in wages and other ways. In 

1905 the Waiotahi Mine, Thamea, struck a patch of v q rich stone, and paid about 

f51,000 in dividends. In the same pear four companies in the Hauralii Mining District 

paid over fUW),O in dividends. In the Inangahua District, adjoining Westland, the 

dividends paid b~ quartz-reefing companies between lSSl and 1905 inclusive totalled 

f734,%M, as against E486.220 paid-up capital. The pup of Reefton mines worked 

mder the management of the Consolidated Gold6elds of Kew Zealand had up to the 

beginning of 1906 distributed f 125,487 in dividends, and its offshoot. the Progress Mines, 

had paid L26.876 in dividends Another dividend- pa^ is the Keep-it-Dark Mine, 

Reefton, which had paid up to the end of iW f 145.666. Some of the numerous 

companies working the golden-sanded rivers of Otap have also returned their investors. 

a rich harvest. In 1905 those listed on the Dunedin Stock Exchange paid £102,446 

to their holders. The Electric Dredging Cornpan\-. for the period it had been working, 

returned up to the end of 1905 f116,350 on a paid-up capital of £26.000 ; the Hartley 

and Rile?, over £79.625, as against g6,30 capital ; the 3ianuherika. f 56,70, as against 

$6,000; the Golden Gate, E23,90, as against e2,500: the Moa, f22,70, as against 

f6,O ; the Pactolus, f20,937, as @ fB.125 ; the Jdatau, E15.216, as againat £6,200 ; 

the Perseverance, £13,600, as against £1,500, and the Otago, f11.876, as against f2,000. 

These, however, are cited as exceptional examples of succeasfal dm&~~. 

Next to gold in importance came the cdiields. During the year 1906 New 

Zealand's collieries had an aggregate output of over a million and a half tons of coal. 

There were exhibits of excellent coal from the Srate mines on the west coast of the

South Island- Seddonville, near Westport, and Point Elizabeth, near Greymouth. 

In the exhibit from Seddonville the nub and slack, the results of screening, were 

also shown. Beheen the two main exhibits were several samples 

of coal from the Point Elizabeth field, from recently discovered 

and 

seams of a highly bituminous mtnre. Near the east wall of the 

," court there was a collection of coal from the Pakawau Mines, 

Collingwood, in the Nelson Provincial District. Near the entrance 

was shown on a table an &bit of magnetic ironsand from the Taranaki beaches. 

Iron is one of the colony's most valuable mineral possessions, and it is probable that 

great foundries will be at work in the near future converting into steel the immense 

quantities of ore at Parapara, in Selson, and the heavy black sand that covers the 

west eoast beaches for scores of miles. Copper, in which New Zealand abounds, 

was represented on benches on the southern side of the court by samples of copper-ores 

and native copper from the Champion and Cnited Mines, Nelson ; from Xoke Creek, 

near Lake Wakatipu, Otago ; from Jlaharahara, Hawke's Bay ; and from Whangaroa, 

North Auckland. Other valuable mind of which specimens were shown were antimony-ore 

(stibnite) from the Golden Treasure Mine at Reefton and ekewhere ; chmmate 

of iron from Nelson ; oil-bearing shales from Orepuki in Southland and Cambrians in 

Central Otago ; galena from Te Amha ; a dab of jasper from Ohinemuri County, 

South Auckland ; a block of chalk from the Eyre River, Oxford, Canterburp ; lithographic 

stone of good quality from the Chatham Islanb and from Jdangonui, North Auckland. 

An exhibit cha-tic of the volcanic districts of the North was some obsidian 

or volcanic glass from Mayor Island, in the Bay of Plenty. This island contains huge 

masses of obsidian, called by the Xatives tuhua or nrda-tdw, and so celebrated was 

it on this account among~t the Maoris, who used volcanic e;las9 for a variety of cutting 

purposes, that it was given the name Tuhua. There was an exhibit under glass of 

diatomaceous earth from Banks Peninsula, Canterbury. This earth is found in many 

qarts of both Islands of New Zealand and will no doubt be largely used in the future 

for the manufacture of dynamite, polishing-powders, &c. The sea-beaches of some pa 

of North Xew Zesland are very rich in gks-making sands of the hest quality. There 

was an exhibit of these sands from Parengarenga, neat the North Cape. These sands 

are obtained from decomposition of quartz diorites, which are abundant over s great 

part of the Mangonui and Hokianga Counties. 

In building-stones, the Department showed a fine block of the hard and ver beautiful 

stone known as Coromandel granite, which occars in e v e dykes on the Xoehau 

Range, Cape Colville Peninsula. A fine example of this building-stone was also to be 

seen in the Auckland Court. A somewhat similar stone came from Ruapuke Island, 

in Foveaux Strait. The various kinds of building-stone which are to be found in the 

neighbourhood of Pencarrow Heads and round the coast of Palliser Bay were illustrated 

by a sample collection. There were sereral large pieces of rough unhenm granite from 

the Hokitih district. h remarkable exhibit, reminding one of the remote when 

the whole of the duckland isthmus was in a state of volcanic activity and when scores 

of bcones threw out their streams of lava on the Tamaki Plain, was a volcanic bomb 

found near Mount Eden, the crater-topped green hill that rises immediately in the rear 

of Auckland City. 

On the walls of the court there were maps and photographs illustrative of the pro- 

~LWS of mining in the colony- Enlarged photographs showed various phases of mining, 

coal-mines and coal-hewing, gold-mines and gold-winning machinerv, &c. The geological 

map of the colony on two sheets, one for the North Island and the other for the 

South Island and Stewart Island, by Sir James Hector, late Government Geologist, 

showed the distribution of the various rock-fodom and also the location of the known 

minerals, each indicated on the map by an appropriate symbol. Various geological

0mabL RECORD 

sedimentary formations were didquhhed by colour, as cenomic, mesozoic, palreomic, 

azoic, and the igneous rocks, as volcanic and plutonicy acidic, and basic. The sheet 

of sections 8ccompanpi.e the map showed the position of the different formations 

in vertical relationship. On the northern wall of the cod there was a large scale plan 

of the Waihi and adjacent gold-mines. 

The New Zesland Geological Survey, of which Dr. J. Mackintosh Bell is Director, 

had an exhiiit in this court, but distinctive from that of the Mines Department 

generally and from the Geological Snrvey prior to 1904. This 

The 

exhiiit was an epitome of Dr. Bell's geological explorations in 

Survey. 

the new Dominion since his amval here from Canada ; most of 

these esplorations have been carried on in the Westland District. 

Mast of the d--specimens and mind shown came from the Test Coast. In 

front of the exhibit, to the right and left, there were cohns of polished @te 

from the country which Dr. Bell includes in the Hokitih Sheet of his Westland 

surve?. Ou a table-stand were shown quartz from the Taipo River and a polished 

liutel of ,granite on two short rough-hem colaruns of the same material: surmounting 

this lintel were slabs of polished serpentine, a mass of nephrite (,penstone), 

and two slabs of polished limestone from Koiterangi, between Hohitika and the 

Southern Alps. In two show-cases under glass there were samples of the rocks 

of the Westland District, including: schist, talc, serpentine, garnet schist, serpentine 

schist, actinolite rock, serpentine-qnartz schist, and greenatone. The valuable iron-ore 

of Parapara, Nelson, was shorn in bulk in the form of two ppmids piled on the floor, 

and a pile of the ~talline limestone snitable for fluxing this iron-ore was also shown. 

. .

SEW ZEAI&W E-XEIEITION. 

On the back wall of the court were two large scale-msps showing the various quadrangles 

into which Dr. Bell has divided the country for the pnrposes of his geological 

survey; between these was the Hokitika Sheet of the North Westland Quadrangle, 

on which the work already done was indicated by a dark tint. Dr. Bell a h showed a 

large 

- 

number of enlarged photographs of Westland's mountain, forest, and lake scenery, 

showing the kind of country encountered in the conrse of his geological work. 

The Xnes Department exhibit had been displayed by Hr. C. E Pierard, draftsman, 

fiea Department, and was in charge of Mr. Alexander McKay, F.G.S., Govmnt 

Geologist. 

At the back of the %in Exhiiition Building the Analpt of the Mines Department, 

Dr. &la&, had a .small detached building in which he conducted during the course 

of the Exhibition a number of the ordinary mining -ys and anal y8es necessary in goldand 

other branches of the mining industry. There were three room in the building--~ 

furnace-room for the ordinary assays of gold and silver, a coal-assaying room, 

and a balance-room for the nighing of samples. Amongst other apparatus provided 

was that used in testing the calodic value of the ditterent kinds of coal. 

Outside and in rear,of the Main Building the State Coal-mines Department 

had a large replica of a subterranean coal-working, in which every detail as closely 

as possible resembled the actual appearance and actual working- 

A conditions of a coal-mine. This structure covered an area of nearly 

an acre ; the drive was 130 ft. long. In the drive rails were laid 

down with trucks thereon, and all the details, even to the coaldwt 

and the dimly lighted drive and face of the workings, were such as to give the 

visitor a thoroughly good idea of the kind of place in the underworld that his 

steam - fuel and his household coal come from. All the roadways in the model 

coal-mine were over 6 ft. in height, and could therefore be readily traversed. ds 

the system of work known as the "bod-and-pillar" is general in New Zealand 

collieries, this method was chosen for illustration in the model mine. On the righthand 

side of the main haulage-road, which the viaitor entered from the road immediately 

in rear of the Exhibition Buildings, there was a parallel road Anown as the 

" return airway," from which working-places or " bords " were shown as driven in the 

solid coal. The fUrst '' bord " shod the method of " holing " or undercutting at the 

working-face, with the overhaWi coal sapported by sprags for the miners' safety. 

Another " bord " showed preparations for blasting in the form of a side-cut. An illustration 

of the manner in which the coal forming the " pillars " supporting the roof of 

a coal strata is worked out \ras given on the opposite side of the main haulage-road. 

The safety of the miners as the coal " pillars " are extracted ia provided for by the use 

of rows of props, sometimes by 'L chocks " or " crib-logs," and also by " pack-wails," 

built with the &bis from the roof of the workings in conjunction with the use of "props " 

or "chocks," or " props " alone. Another interesting festnre of the model colliery 

showed how ventilation was provided for in mines. The air-current, coming through 

the main haulage-road to the inner branch roadwadys, was then divided, a portion flowing 

in each direction. The current n-hich ventilated the right-hand-side workings was directed 

by .means of brattice-work, and travelled out by the ht door to the ventilating-fans. 

The current through the left-hand section had to cross the main air-current at right 

angles on its way to the fan. This was effected by an air-bridge, known as an " aircrossing 

" or " overcast." The fan nsed for ventilating was of a type specidly designed 

to suit the requirements of New Zealand mines. Haulage arrangements were shown 

by a representation of an endless rope, to which the tmch were attached by means 

of lashing-chains. Outside the mine there was a working-model, one-fourth actual 

size, of an up-to-date coal-screening plant, which separated the coal into four distincii 

cbses-lumps, nuts, peas, and dust slack--at one operation.

The great Machineq Hall at the north end of the building was a complete museum 

of modern means of locomotion, of mechanical appliances, and general machinery of an 

up-to-date charader, all triumphs of scientific engineering, and of the methods of dealing 

with some of Kew Zealand's staple products. The largest exhibit was that of the Railways 

Department, whose locomotives and trains and other eshibits filled nearly the whole 

of the two northernmost bays. Then there were the Courts of the Mines, Defence, and 

Prisons Departments on the east side ; the model viaducts and other exhibits of the 

Public Works Department, and a very large display of machinery of a most varied 

character. 

A space of 75 ft. b~ 20 ft. was occupied b?- the Government frozen-produce room 

and refrigerating machinery. This interesting exhibit included four refrigeratingmachines 

and a gas-engine, an ice-tank capable of making half a ton of ice per day, 

and a produce-room, in which samples of the frozen produce expoited from Sew 

Zealand, such as butter. meat, poultq-, &c., were shonn in such a manner as to be 

readd? inspected br passemby. 

In the south-west corner of the hall was the electric-lighting-plant installation 

of the Eshibition. The machine^ consisted of two conipund engines, one of 120 indicated 

horse-power and the other about I75 i.h.p., the larger one running a 110-Nowatt 

generator and the other a i5kilowatt generator ; a self-contained electrical generating 

set coiuprisi~ig a Bellis engine and a Thouma-Houston generator of 75 kilolratts : 

a %-kilowatt balancing-set, and a switchboard 19 ft. long b\- 18 ft. high, with all necessaq 

instrunlents. Then there was a maze of machinery all polished and glittcrbig. 

wonderful to look upon. Sear the Mines Department Court there was a good displap 

of machinen- and appliances used in the nlanufacture of butter and cheese. There \\.ere 

oil-eugi~ies, gas-eiigiues, traction-engines, wood\rorkin,n-nwhi~~es, electrical exhibits 

of all kinds, wool-scouring apparatus, a display of printing machinery and litho- 

,paphic work ; i~icubntors, bicycles and p not or-cpcles. and a splendid parade of motorcars, 

a delight to the eye in their beauty of finish atid their lusnq- of funlishh~p. 

So section of the Esbibition told a more eloquent sto~ of industrial and engineering 

pmgw and triumph over p t natural difficulties than the file exhibit of models shown 

by the Public Works Department. The Department's most important work is the 

building of the I)ominionYs railroads, and in its display in the Machinery Court a special 

feature was made of excellent models of the ,peat engoinecring-worlis in the form of 

viaducts constructed either under its supervision or b?- its own workmen on some of 

the principal railway-lines in both Islands. 

The principal encheering dibits shorn were the models of the great &ko~e 1-iaduct on the North Island Main Trunk Railway, and the Staircase Gully liiaduct 

on the Canterburr- West Coast Railway. The models were exact to the smallest detail 

The scale on which they were constructed aas half an inch ta the foot. The Makohine 

viaduct, over which railway-trains run on the southern portion of the Bhin T d 

line, is 237 ft. above the bed of the Makohine Creek occupPring a v q deep and naww 

go* similar to the many other river-gorges on this line, which are mainly responsible 

for the delay in its completion. The viaduct consists of five spans ; the outside SF 

are each 40 ft., the centre span 176 ft., and the other two 247 ft. each, making a total 

1enggt.h of 750 ft. The St& Viaduct is 235 ft. above the water-level, and consists of 

four spans, two of 192 ft., one of 60 ft,, and two of 36 ft. Alongside the model of the

Staircase Viaduct was a model of the Christchurch Cathedral, done on the same scale 

ss the viaduct ; this gave an d e n t idea of the great dimensionti of the railway engineering-work. 

The top of the cross on the Catha is 215 ft. above ground-level 

Another interesting railway exhibit, illustrating the engineering Sculties which 

are being so sklfdy ovemome on the North Island Main Trunk line, was an excellent 

relief map of the Baarimu Loop, 109 miles aorth of Ahton The conilpration of ihis 

rugged country in the Waimsrino forests dtates the railway-line doubling right 

round, tunnelljng under itdf, and forming a complete circle in ammdhg from Raadmn 

to the plateau above. Prom Rsnrimu Station to Waimarino, seven miles, the height 

ascended is 714 ft. (Waimarino Station is 2,636 ft. above sea-level). At this ingenious 

railway spiral it takes four milea and a third of rail-line to advance in a straight line 

a mile and a quarter; the ruling , de of 1 in 50 is preserved. Another striking 

feature of this greatiengineering-work is the huge eaxthworl;s One of the embankments 

on the spiral ill0 ft. high, another is 90 8, and there are two tunnels. 

- The method of tunnelling adopted by the Public Worlrs Department in building thia 

railway-line was illustrated by a model tunnel under construction, showing timberhg, 

bricking, and concreting in progress. 

Some fine specimens of various Yew Zealand timbers were shown. These comprised 

about forty different woods, some in the roe and some sawn and polished. A 

great huri-pine trunk waa 7 ft. clear through the bole ; a totara planlr m d 3 ft. 

across. Some beautiful figured kauti, rim% and p& were d in a m1 stabwe 

and platform, which had been constructed in order to enable visitom to easily view the 

models of the Railway Vilrrducta

OFFICIAL RECOBD 

Specimens of all the good building-stones which the Dominion produces were a h 

shown. Them included such splendid granites as those of Tonga8ay, 'Nelson (the stone 

which is being lag el^ used in the new building of the Public h s t Department in wellington 

City), some hard &ell marbles, the celebrated Oamaru building-stone, and the 

hard blue volcanic stone which is plentiful in and around Aucbland. There were all 

mlom in these stones, from cream and grey to red and green and a slaty blue. 

A model ~eptic tank was shown readr for use, fitted up b;r the Department according 

to the most modern d\- the Kc\\- Zealand Government 

Railways was the donlinant feature of the Machinen- Hall. It \\-as a mgnificent 

demonstration of Kea Zealand's self-reliance and progressiveness in the world . 

of mechanical engineering, a practical proof of the excellence of colonial work in locomotive-building 

and in every other branch of railroad-work. State control of the 

railways has been a sound success in New Zealand, and the policy of the Department 

is in the direction of doing as much of the mechanical work as possible in its om workshops 

in preference to importing. For man7 rears past there have been large workshops 

at Newmarket (Aucldand), Petone (Wellington), Addington (Christchurch), Hillside 

(Dunedin), and elsewhere, and here a great deal of excellent work in the form of not only 

railway-carriages but locomotives is annually turned out by the expert workmen of 

the Department. There are nearly 2,500 miles of State railways open in the Dominion, 

and over ten thousand men are emplopd by the Department on the various lines and

in the big worlishop~. While primarily serving the purpose of opening up the country 

and of providing indispensable means of intemmmunication, and while &ording the 

public moderate passenger and fwght rates and making liberal conemions to the 

farming population, the railwap bring s substantial sum into the Treasmy every year. 

For the Exhibition year, 191)6-7, the gross revenue of the Department amounted to 

f2,6&600, and the net revenue to f812,ll8-equal to 3-45 per cent. on the capital cost 

of the railways. 

The exhibits of, rolling-stock, permanent-way, and railwar appliances occupied 

a fourth of the whole area of the machine^ Hall. and were situated in a block near the 

llorthern end of the hall,"extending from the rear almost to the front wall. Nmost 

every item and article sho~-n, even to the huge locomotive and hutifdy fiuished 

pase~~ger-cars were manufactured in the railway workshops of the Dominion. 

A h e ioco~otive turned out by the Addington Railway Rorhhop and shown at 

the easten1 end of the section was the third of that class built in the Government railway 

workshops, and of that type the laregst yet built south of the Line. This locomotive 

a four-cylinder balanced-compound 46-2 type, adapted to Kew Zesland's narrow 

pmge. Ib dimensions were as follows : Diameter of coup1ed wheels, 4 ft. 6 in. ; cylinders, 

diameter, high-pressure 12 in., low-pressme 19 in. ; stroke, 22 in. ; worm steampressure, 

225 1b. per square inch ; weight in worw-trim, 71 tons ; ' tractive power, 

calculated at 80 per cent. of boiler-pressure, equalled 15,444-J lb. 

Near by this engine were displayed materials used by the Railway Department 

in variou8 atages of coi~version into finished parts ; and amongst them were a sample 

of riveted boiler-plate showing how the rivets bound these plates together ; a crank-axle 

for large engines-a forgiq weighing 12 cwt.-shown in a semi-hished state, also a 

forging for one of the coupled axles ; iron for- and castings of various kinds in steel, 

iron, and brass from high-premue qlbders down to window-fastenings for railway-cam.

'i'he various stages of wheel-- were well illustrated by good examples from the rail- 

way workshops. A boii for a Single-Fairlie locomotive, made in the railway workshops, 

was also shown, and close by stood a great block of -ted scrapiron partly welded 

up, showing what a forging looh like in its earlier stages. Types of each kind of rolling- 

stock used on the Government d wap were shown. There were passenger-cars, Grst 

and second class, of the moat careful make and hbh. The ht-elm car was fitted 

with " walk-over " seats and panelled within with puriri timber. Each car was 50 ft. 

long over all. A bogie brake-van of the same length was shown with an area for luggage- 

storage of 225 square feet. A bogie horse-box, capable of carrying four horse9, was 

showvn; 8180 a specimen of a hzen-meat bogie-van capable of carrying 350 carcases 

of frozen inutton. An opel~iilg in the wvall of this wagon illustrated the method of insulation 

: the \dl had three skins ; between the inner pair of n-alls was an bidation wmposed 

of heat-resistiq paper, felt, and slag wool, an air-space b- provided between 

the outer and middle walls. Other types of rolling-stock shown were the large wagons 

used for carrying sheep, cattle, tinlber, coal, and merchadise. Everything gave evidence 

of good and careful workmaship, and every part was n-ell and neatly iinished. 

A motor-train was exhibited ; this consisted of a large 60 £t. bogie-car attached to 

a s~nall type of locomotive. This one-carriage train, giving seating-accommodation for 

seventy-two passengers, was shown as a sample of those intended to be used on suburban 

lilies where the traffic is too light to wvarrant the d g of a full train. The car wntained 

smoking and non-smoking wmpartments as well as a guard's compartment. A 

special feature of the car n-as that it is lighted with Stones's asledriven electric light.

All the locomotives, cars, ~81% and wagons eshibited were equipped with the Westinghouse 

automatic quick-acting air-brake. 

Farious branches of the Maintenance Departmat of the Railways were illustrated 

by examples of working-apparatus and by models. In bridgework an excellent model 

of the new Ormondville Viaduct attracted attention and gave a good indication of the 

type of structmes adopted when renewing older tpes of bridges. Other models showed 

Merent tyes of bridges in use on the Xew Zealand Railwa~. Photographs of some 

bridges were also shown. At the west end of the court stood a model of a t-rpical wayside 

station, with the station-building and the general arrangement of the station-pard 

shown in detail The principal railway stations and offices in Kew Zealand were illus- 

trated b~ photographs. Among general appliances was an example of the \rind& 

used for lifting water at wayside stations and of a StOo-pUon tank on elevated stand. 

Other exhibits in this section were a motor inspection-trolly driven b~ a petrol motor, 

\vhich u-as frequently run up and down a length of track in the hall, and various other 

trollies and velocipedes in use on the railu-ars. 

A very complete set of railway signalling apparatus, past and present, was she-. 

A completely equipped signal-box was a noticeable exhibit, with all its sigma1 and switch 

levers and the interlocking devices as used at aU the principal stations, the box operatkg 

a set of points just as on a railway-line, with the corresponding signals and standard 

semaphores on the main and loop lines. The rails on which this operated were part of 

the District Engineer's displar of rails and track It included rails of different weights

varying from 30 lb. to 70 1b. per yard snd fastened to sleepers of various timbers, each 

of which wrra labelled with its name. 

Other signalling appliances shown were the following : A set of Dr. Lemon's blo~li 

instruments, the d est system used on the New Zealsnd railways. A set of Winter 

block instruments, which mded the Lemon block. A set of ordinary visual signal 

tablet jnstruments, which succeeded the Winter block, and is now the standard block 

jnstrument for single-line working on the New Zealand Government railways. A set of 

special tablet instruments for branch lines, which can be operated by guard or engine- 

driver. A s& of electrical lock and block imhments for double-line working, with model 

lines and signals for illustrsting the working. A set of Wynne's automatic tablet-ex- 

changing apparatus, for the exchanging of the tablets at stations by express trains while 

passing at full speed. A portable telephone, ss d by gnards for obtainiig communi- 

cation with a stetion in case of accident or brealdown of train. 

POST Ai TELEGBAPH DEP~l3iEX"r. 

In the Court of the New Zealand Post and Telegraph Department, just to the south 

of the Machinery Hall, visitors had an opportanity of seeing a comprehensive collection 

of the telegraphic and telephonic apparatus used in the colony: all clearly labelled. There 

were relics of the early days of telegraphy in Hew &land in the form of telegraphic 

apparatus invented by Varley and used by the old Provincial Government of Canterbury ; 

old doubleneedle and singleneedle telegraphic instruments ; two old-fdi011ed mag- 

netic alphabetical instruments, the pr-r of the telephone : and an early Edison- 

Bell telephone. The modern apparatus was most complete, and included every up-

to-date instnunent in the science of electric tdegraphy- Postage-stamps of all liinds 

were ahown in frames on the &, and there were1photographs of New Zealand postoffices 

of various grades. 

Some of the marvels of dess telegraphy were made clear to the visitor b~ the 

small instabtion of Marc5ni plant which was included in the Court. This was erected 

by arrangement with Captain L. E. Walker, the Australasian representative of the 

Marconi Wireless Telegraphic Oornpan~, and was operated and explained by Mr. H. h'. 

Do\rsett, one of the company's engineers. The instruments were connected with a mast 

outside the building. A similar inataIlation was erected at Islington, seven nliles awaF. 

and messages were exchanged Meen the two during the Eshibition, and also with solne 

of the British warship outside Port Lyttelton. Behind the apparatus in the court were 

hung photographs dealing with the &oni system. 

The Cona was under the general supervision of Mr. J. W. Gannawap, Inspector 

of Electric Lines in Chistchurch District. 

DEPARTMEXI' OF TOURIST EASD HEALTH RESORTS. 

Suave and eye-resting hues, a pleasantly softelled light, a delicately hanl~ollious 

taste in furnishing and papering, beautiful pictures in oils and water-colours and in the 

black-and-white of artistic photography, and a lordly array of stags' heads were the 

characteristics of the h e Court of the New Zealand Government Department of Tourist 

and Health Resorts, itnated alongside the Mein Comdor, southern side. The court 

occupied a floor-space of 3,240 square feet, a roomy well-ordered apartment, where 

many a wearg visitor songht the comfortable lounpwts, glad to eacape for a while

OFPICIU RECORD 

from the hot and crowded avenues into this cool reposeful corner with its soothing tints 

of green. The Tourist Department certainly effected its purpose of advertisement by 

the judicious location and arrangement of the court, for it was hated in the most 

conveniently reached part of the Exhibition, and its interior was attractive enough to 

compel thitherward the feet of probably every visitor that paraded the long main thoroughfare 

of the big building. Mr. T. E. Donne, the General Xanager of the Department. 

brought his experience of foreign Exhibitions to bear on the designing of the Exhibitioil 

court with admirable results, and he succeeded in not only presenting to visitors' eyes 

in microcosm the singularly beautiful and wonderfnl scenery of these Islands and the 

escellent sport in the form of trout-fishing and deer-stalking, but in contriving a court 

that was in its general scheme a model of artistic taste. The floor-covering was dark 

green, the walls were in soft shades of green, and the ceiling was of squares and lengths 

of coloured muslin, agreeably tempering the strong light that streamed through the shylights. 

Invitingly soft chairs and settees, a long and decorative office counter of dark 

polished wood, Maori wood-carvings, and beautiful wall-panels of various kinds of Xew 

Zealand timbers handsomely completed the attractive impression created, even before 

one entered the court, by the pictures and the sport trophies. 

The well-filled walls of the court were a picture-gallery of wild nature, and held 

several canvases that might with credit have been hung in the Exhibition Art Rooms. 

There were a number of h e oils and water-colours depicting some of the most famous 

scenes in this land of geyser, and lake, and alp, and fiord. There were some of Perrett's 

serenely smooth pastels of lake, and river, and sound scenery, and a beautiful painting 

of the p t 

ice-peak of Aorangi, by Howarth ; there were scenes of dain* beauty 

such as the woody shores of Lake Waikaremoana, and of boldly magnificent rock-architecture 

like the cliffs of Yiord Sound ; there were spouting geysers, glistening glaciers 

and ice-falls, and glimpses of some of the lovsliest forest, and fern, and waterfall scenery 

that this land of greenwood and glancing watem haa to show. The photographic enlargements, 

taken by the Departlllent's own photographers, were illustrative not only of New 

Zealand scenery, hut also of Jlaori lie, of Maori villages and carved houses, of the strange 

life in the Geyserland districts, and of the spas and pleasure-resorts maintained by the 

Department. Three historical pictures took the memory back to the old fightmg-days when 

Xaori and pakeha met each other in fierce border warhre. These pictnres were associated 

with the name of one of the most picturesque figares in our military story, Major 

Von Tempsky, of the Forest Rangers. Von Tempsky was a clever artist as well as a 

dashing soldier : two of the pictures-one a water-colour and the other a pen-and-idsketch-were 

his work. The water-colour showed General Chute's column setting out 

in 1865 on its famous march through the Tsranaki forest at the back of Mount Egmont ; 

the black-and-white sketch depicted a lively bush-skirmish at Okotuku, in Taranaki, 

with the Hauhau rebels. The first picture was lent by Mr. A. Hamilton, of the Colonial 

Museum, Wellington ; the other by Dr. Hoeken, of Dunedin. Then there was a reproductioli 

of an oil-painting, interesting because it represented that disastrous forest-battle 

in 1868. at Te Ngutu-o-te-Uanu, in which Von Tempsh~ \ras killed. The pictures of 

scenery and life in Nen- Zealand even overflowed the court : the outer rear and side 

walls n-ere hung with some excellent works in oils and in photographic enlargements. 

There were a number of paintings by E. W. Christmas. forming a series of farming 

views, from the bush-clearing and " burning-off " stages to the comfortable day of the 

prosperous farmstead and the " cattle on a thousand hills." From 111. Christnw's 

brush also came a good painting of Mount Egmont. 

Then there were the trophies that illustrated the grand sport that ,Yew Zealand 

holds for the deer-stalker and the an&. Around the walls above the pictures many 

a good red deer " uplifted high his cabarfeidh "-ma@iicently antlered kings of hill 

and forest that brought a thrill of delight to the heart of man? an old s$alkerI There

. - 

Two Vnws OF m GOOPBR~RBT TOUPEB~ D B P ~ ROO~. 

' s

were a full hundred of these stately heads, some from the Wairarapa forests, some from 

the mountain corntry of south Nelson, some from the Jdorven Hils and the wild @hlands 

around Lake Hawea, in the South Island. One sportsman who inspected then1 

said he doubted whether a similarly fine collection of stagsy heads had ever been got 

together in the world. Certainly the heads were well worthy the rifle of any British 

stalker who cares to desert his Highland glens to explore the deer-corntry of Xew 

Zealand. It has !ong been agreed that the red deer introduced into this co~lntry have 

developed a massiveness and a h of horn nnapproached in either the Scottish or the 

European herds. The heads, collected from all parts of New Zealand, had all been 

carefully measured rnder Xr. Donne's supervision, and these measurements were given 

in an illustrated booklet issued by the Department to visiting sportsmen The Wairarapa 

heads, the Nelson collection, and those from north Otago (Lake Hawea district. 

Ah* Gorge, &c.) were in each case grouped together, and were numbered so 

that by reference to the Department's pamphlet the visitor could easily tell the place 

of origin of each trophy. The Wairarapa heads nnmbered thirty-five, those from Nelson 

sixteen, and the north Otago heads thirty-the ; the stalkers whose des contributed 

to the great collection were the Rev. W. C. Oliver, Messrs. E. Hardcastle, H. E. and 

C. D. Hodgkinson, R. H. Rhodes, J. Forbes, E. J. Riddiford, T. E. Donne, E. W. Bunny, 

and a number of other New Zealand sportsmen. In splmetry and perfection of development 

of the tines the North Otago heads were a remarkably fine collection In 

the group of Nelson heads there was that of the first stag imported into the district. 

In addition to the red-deer there were a nnmber of good t-rpes of fallow-deer heads, 

from Motutapu Island, in the Hauraki Gulf, and the Waikato, sent by Mr. F. H. Coolubes 

of Aucliland ; also from Nelson and from the Blue Mountains in Otago. 

Neiv Zealand's other great sport, trout-fishing-open alike to the working-man 

and the millionaire sportsman-was illustrated by a splendid collection of big rainbow 

and brown trout, the like of which no other angling country can boast. The Tourist 

Department has a very close concern in the fishing of the colony, for not only are its 

trout-stocked waters a fine source of recreation to its osvn people, but they are a powerful 

factor in attracting visitors from abroad. It is pretty certain that no other fishiapregion 

could offer the angling enthusiast such splendid trout as the specimens mounted 

in this court-an eighteen-pounder from the swift snow-fed Waitaki, another from one 

of the shingly streams of the Temuka district, a 19) lb. fish from Ashburton-all three 

brown trout ; an 185 1b. rainbow trout from Rotorua ; and-monarch of all the finny 

beauties-a great rainbow, also from Rotoruit, scaliuq .7L+ 1b. Giants indeed of the 

trout race these, typifying in their way the wonderfully farourable conditions of these 

new lands for the fullest development of not o a man but the useful animals and fishes 

and plants that are introduced from the older, colder countries of the north. 

Other branches of sport were represented by stded specimens of game, such as 

pheasants, wild duck, &e. In addition, some of New Zealand's curiously interestbig 

avifauna, nor under the protective mans of the Government, mere shown-the %htless 

kiwi and kalcapo, lovers of the forest gloom, and the kea parrot, notorious.because of 

its fondness for living mutton. There iras a painting by Miss Mabel Hill of another 

remarkable South Island bird, the very rare, wingless, blue-plumaged tahhea, or 

:Vdonis hocblettcri, which has by this time probably followed its huge cousin the moa 

to the Reinga of birdland ; if one does still haunt the Ppat dripping forests of western 

Otago, it will be in very truth a ram atis. 

The famous hot-spring spas under the control of the Tourist Department were 

brought to mind by an attractive replica of a bath and dressing-room at the Rotorua 

Government Baths, consisting of a white and inviting-looking bath, sunk below the 

floor-level, with its bright tiled walls and floors, its hot and cold shower arrangements, - 

and its comfortable furniehgcrg.

Other features that enhanced the interest and beauty of the court were a unique 

series of ornamental specimens of New Zealand timbers, each bearing on the lower part 

of the panel a picture of the tree : a large glass case 

filled with a splendid collection of specimens of kauri- 

,- of all kinds, from pieces of a rich-brown colour to 

those of a clear amber-like pellucid beauty ; and some 

h e examples of Xaori art in wood-camhg, of which 

the beat was a handsome pare, the work of an Arawa 

artist with chisel and mallet, mrmo~ting the rear 

door of the court, with its necessary complements in 

the form of leaame, or " legs," beautifuU~ carved, on 

either side of the doorway. Then, set about the room 

were writing-tables with supplies of stationery, directories? 

guide-books, itineraries, and photo-albums for 

the use and information of visitors. At the Inqui~ 

Office. information on all sorts of topics was furnished 

by the officials of the Department, and manF thousands 

of travellers were supplied during the eshibition season 

with answers to all the multifarious questions that 

they asked, from dire-ctions as to how fn find various OBI Doo~wry, 

other mtions of the Ehposition to the particulsrs as DEPAILTXROT'S COEBT. 

to accommodation and cost of travel, spas, spbrt, and 

so on, that come within the special sphere of the Department. A large qnautie of 

literature dealing with the pleasure-places and health-resorts of the colony was distributed 

to visitors. 

The Tourist Court mas constructed and amnged under the persollo1 supervision oi 

Mr. Donne, who was assisted by M-. F. lioorhouse and J. W. Hill, of his Head-office 

std Xr. Hill and other officers were in atteudance in the Inquiv Oflice during the 

season, and were kept busy night and day. Tlle visitors' book in the court contained 

abut twelve thousand signatures by closing-day, but maup thousands of those who 

visited the court did not trouble to enter their names. 

Some of Nen- Zesland's most characteristic wonders of wild Nature \\-ere cleredp 

illustrated in replica form ill the Tourist Departmneut7s miniature " Geyserland," r little 

slice of Rotorua. all in its ~nanubrtl-fenced resen-e, at the rear of the main Exhibition 

Building. Here Dr. k S. \Vohlma~mn, Government Balneologbt in charge of the famous 

Rotorua Spa, had constructed a man-ellousl\- exact copy of some of the more remarkable 

features of the thermal regions. such as may be seen within small compass at the 

-- li%akare\\-aren~ Geyser-valley. .A square enclosure open to the sky was snrrounded 

br r high thick brushamod fence of thc mauuka that is the universal shrubbery of the 

weyser regions. Entering a gateway surmouiited I)? Naori carved @ures, the visitor 

'T-dad himself all at once transplanted to the land of sulphur and uuri-arikis, geysem and 

steam-holes. The sceue was in every detail a bit of Ge-rserland. even to the backgro~d. 

for above the manuka fence ran a cauvas (130 ft. in length) that was an excellent piece 

of scene-painting : it pictured the -geat broken sombre volcanic hills forming the background 

of the Rotorua thermal plain looking east aud south-o typical Ge~emland 

landscape. Everything within was in hannouy \\ith the mouders of Hot-Spring-Land. 

eveu to the stunted manukc that grew in clumps and tufts in the clefts of the siliceous 

rock and alongside the sulphurous springs. Just inside the gate, too, stood a msbbuilt 

thatched Maori whare of the old @pe. with its door on one side and its single little


dndow like the square port-window of some old-fashioned ship ; just such a hut as one 

lua~ see to-day at the Tihitere thermal alley of horrors, where the modem ugly iron- 

roofed \reatherboard cottage has not pet replaced the mupo whare. Be?.ond the n*hare 

jets of steam issued from the rock- earth, and in the centre of the ellclosure rose the 

geyser-cone, a replica to a large exteut of the mound of the beautiful ffailiite Geyser at 

Whaliarewarewa. Yapour came in soft white clouds from the ge-=-well, and every 

now and then the pub burst forth (regulated in some occult fashion behind the scenes

y the guardian white tohungcr, 3fr. Turner, from Whahmewarewa), and hurled its 

glittering columns of water and spray into the air with all the fuss and commotion of 

" the real thing." The fact that the thin spray when it fell on one was cold in no way 

detracted from the general effectiveness of the imitation puiu. In constructing this 

rocky cone of the imitation Waikite, with its smoothly polished gepser-lips, its silica 

incrustations, steps, and terraces, and miniature 

pools, Dr. Wohlmann made considerable 

use of plaster casts obtained from the actual 

[ g 

ge~r-mound at mhakarewarewa. so that it 

was to the smallest detail a faithful reproduction 

of the finest of Geyserland's great 

puk. To the left of the geyser was a solfatara, 

an exact imitation of one of the 

steaming sulphur-holes which are to be seen 

in their thousands at and around Rotorua : 

the escaping steam, mixed with sulphurousacid 

gas, deposited crystals of sulphur on 

the surrounding rocks. There were a number 

of fumaroles sending out here and there 17. 

gently sighing steam - jets. Half concealed . . 'qi"'.c 

a - 

by a clump of low man* scrub was a . --grey-hued 

mud-volcano, an exact replica of Coo~~sc n THE Hm SPBISG, ~h' TAC 

one of those in the thermal area at hikika- 

.\lonu. GEYSISBLAKD 

pakapa, between Rotorna and Whalisrewarewa. 

The cone mss about 6 ft. high, and in its little crater-top hot mud bubbled 

and plashed just as in it9 Nature-built prototppe. Xear by was a typical " porridgepot" 

or spring of unctuously boii grey mud, containing volcanic mud special1;rbrought 

from Rotorua for the purpose. In front of the Maori dare was a stean~ 

eookiyokaie, similar to the natural steam-ovens at Whakarewarewva and Ohinemutu. 

in which the ZTatiw women cook their food. This fumarole often came in useful for 

cooking not only the Xaori liwnara and potatoes, but also hams and puddings and other 

pakeha eatables for the Exhibition restaurants. 

Nest to the geyser the great attraction of the model Geyserland was the warm 

bathing-pool, surrounded by the same silica rocks that one sees in the hot-springs 

districts ; this pleasantly hot uai-ariki \ras genemlIy occupied b>- a party of lively 

Maori children from the pa, splashing about and diving with a liberal display of brown 

nature unadorned for the pennies and coins of greater worth that visitors were never 

tired of throning them. 

" Geyserland in Miniature " was an ingeniously contrived and esceedinglp faithful 

presentment of some of the features of our northern IVonderland, and no visitors were 

more pleased with Dr. Wohlmann's clever work in building an " Exhibition Whakaremarewa 

" than the Hot Lakes Maoris themselves. 

The ceremony of formally " starting " the gepr was performed on the afternoon 

of the 1st Sovember, the opening-day, b~ Lady Ward, in the presence of a Iarge 

gathering of visitors. The geeper had been christened the " dwarna," after the southern 

constituency of which Sir Joseph Ward is the prliamentaw representative. Lady 

Ward, in the course of her pleasant little address, con,ortulated Dr. Wohlmann on the 

escellent taste and the scientific skill displayed in producing such a good representation 

of what was to be seen in the thermal districts of Yew Zealand. After the " Awarua " 

had been " turned on" and had demonstrated ita working capabilities by spouting to 

a good height, cheers were given for Lady Ward and for Sir Joseph Ward, and on the 

Premier's call a similar compliment was paid to Dr. Wohimann. 

b-r , )

OFPICIdL RECORD 

GOVEFLXMEXl' DEPARTMEST OF LiBOUR 

The court devoted to the exposition of the functions of the New Zealand Govern. 

ment Department of Labour was situated in the southern portion of the ?bin Building 

near the northern side of the Canadian Court. The Department's work is to a large 

eitent supervisory and statistical, and so does not lend itself particularly to a picturesque 

disp1a.y ; but the court proved in many ways a source of more than casual intereat to 

Exhibition visit~rs. The fmnt of the court consisted of three wide white arches, with 

the name of the Department in bold gold lettering over the entrance. Inside, the walk 

mere painted in a light-straw colour, with a llandsome frieze, a portion of,whi& vvas 

painted by the Wellington Painters' Industrial Union of Workers. Thelonion also 

sent si..mp:es of decorative panel-work, whicl~ were used in the adornment ofthe C m. 

It was under instnictions &+en early in 1906 br the late Right Hon. R. J. Seddon? ' 

Nier of Leboiir, that the Labour Department made preparations for its exhibit. 

The scheme outlined b?- the Minister was that tl~e Department should illustrate its func- 

tions and work by means of photographs. statistical charts, special p~iblications, and 

models. 

Since its establishment in 1891 the Department has steadily ,gown in importance 

and in its solid advantages to the \vorkers of the colon\-, and the Exhibition Court focused 

ill an excdiqzly skilful manner its wide range of uses, and made a special feature of 

information dealing with the growth of the co1on;r-s manufactures and the numbers of 

workers employed in the vadbus factories and n-orliims that came within Govern- 

mental supervision. The special putlications shorn included a handbook of the

SEW ESEbLbSD EXHIBITIOX. 

labour laws, compiled by Mr. Edward Tqear, Secretary to the Department ; a work 

entitled "The Department of Labour, its Organization and Work" ; an illustrated 

phamphlet explanato~ of the growth of the Department since its establishment in 

1891 ; and various annual reports of the Department, also awards, recommendations, kc., 

made under the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act ; decisions under the Workmen's 

Compensation for Accidents Act, and the New Zealand labour laws, bound in six 

volumes. 

The statistical charts exhibited included those showing the numbers of workers in 

factories, male and female, and annual increases in the number of employees from 1895 

to 1906 inclusive ; the number of registered fadories in New Zealand, 1895-1906 (these 

increases were showd in a fashion that compelled attention by a drawing to scale of a 

factory building, each year's increase being shown by an addition to the main building) ; 

two coloured charts showing the number of employees in some of the principal trades 

in New Zealand, from 1895 to 1906; charts showing the number of men and their 

dependants assisted to emplo-pent by the Department for the same period of rears ; 

a chart showing the conditions of labour in Xew Zealand in regard to the wages paid 

per hour and the number of hours worked per week, 8s compared with labour in Great 

Britain, the United States, France. Germany, and Belgium ; tn-o charts showing (1) the 

number of industrial unions of employers and unions of workers registered under the 

Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act ; and (2) the membership thereof. 

Some of the facts brought out in these charts are worthy of record here. In 1899- 

1900 only 152 new factories were qistered in the colony, whilst in the last three years 

shown (1903-6) the number of new factories opened were 698, 750, and 758 respectivelr. 

The coloured charts illustrated the fluctuations in the principal trades in New Zedand 

since 1895, and revealed some interesting facts. One line showed the growth of the flax 

trade and its remarkable fluctuations up to the Exhibition year. In 1895-96 there were 

350 hauds employed in the flax-mills of the colony ; in 1904-5 the total hands employed 

. numbered 3,300. A significant dserence was shown in the line illustrating the condition 

of the bootmaking trade. I11 1895-96 there aere 3,000 hands employed hl the bootfactories 

of the colony; in 1898-99 there m-ere 3,250; but since then there has been 

a steady though small decline until in 1905-6 the number of hands employed aere 3,050. 

The employment chart brought prominent1.r- before one the escellent work done by the 

Department in tinding emplo-ment for people out of work and ill doing away with the 

" unemployed" difficulty. In 19a5-6 it was shown that not only had a large number of 

inlnligrants in want of work been dealt with by the Department. bnt that departmental 

rid had also been esceediugl?- useful to employers \rho required labour. The industrial 

charts showed that in 1905-6 there were 61 unious of workers with 3.869 nlembers, 

and that the unions of employers at the same date totalled a membership of 3,276. In 

addition to these charts, returns \\-ere shown giving the prices of commodities, LC., in 

various centres of New Zealand and also in the principal centres of Australasia. Through 

the courtesy of the British Co~nmissioner, Captain Atkin. the Department also exhibited 

duplicates of the charts, some\&at reduced in size, shorn in the British Court (exhibited 

by the English Labour Department and Board of Trade) illustrating the statistics of 

bde employment and conditions of labour in the United Kingdom. 

To oversea visitors the co-operative system of carrying out railway and road n-orks 

has alwa~ been a matter of ,oreat interest. The Department showed a vev fine ,group 

of eularged photoEgaphs depicting the class of work upon which co-operative workers 

were engaged, and also showed the c b of houses, whares, and tents in which the^ 

lived. 

In connection with the Workers' Dwelling; Act, there was an interest in,^ exhibit 

consisting of a number of specially dram sl;etches and plans of n-orhen's model houses 

contributed by the architects who were successful in the competition promoted by the


Government for the best designs for this class of building. The Department also 

showed photos of cottaga already erected, besides small models of these dwellings. 

In the Eshibition grounds a house on the lines of one of these model dwellings was 

specially built and M e d from the plans of Xeasrs. Hurst, Seager, and Wood, and 

was inspected by a large nnmber of those who visited the Exhibition. This model 

cottage stood on the south side of the Victoria Lakelet, between " Wonderland " and 

the tree-groves of the park It was a two-sto~ building, furnished'and fitted completel~, 

fenced in, and with garden attached. It contained four rooms, scullery, bathroom 

&c. 

A model of an intereshg character included in the exhibits was that of a shearingshed, 

the origginal of which stands on a sheep-station near Masterton : it was an excellent 

esample of the improved class of shearing-establishment, with spacious and comfortable 

sleeping and quarters for the men emplopd. A large number of photographs 

mere also eshibited in illustration of the class of accommodation provided for shearers 

in 1-arious parts of the colony, and which by T&U~ of the Shearers7 Accommodation Act, 

is wider the supervisory care of the Labour Department. Other large photographic 

vie\\-st showing \-arious phases of the wool industrr, were those presented tb the Department 

b;r the Canterbury Sheepowners' Industrial Union of Employers, through Mr. F. H. 

Lahtt, Seere*, and Ah. Rutherford, of Glen Wye. A series of views showed shearers 

at work n-ith the machine as well as with the old hand-shears. 

Amongst the exhibits sent b~ industrial unions of employers and workers n a good 

collection of kauri-gum, compris'i samples taken from ex- important , deld in the 

,iuel&nd Province, by the members of the Suckland Gum-diggers' Industrial Union of 

IVorkers. 9 fine piece of balk rimu timber measuring 11 ft. 6 in. in length by 4 ft. ill 

ij-idth was contributed by the Wairarapa Saders' Industrial Association of Emplo~ers. 

There were some exhibits of ll~tcrest connected with the printing trade, iucluding an 

old printing-press of primitive character : photographs illustrative of machines used in 

the earl?- da~s in Kew Zealand. and of " old hands " in the printing trade. sent by the 

Christchurch T?-poCpphical Union ; and an album from the Wellington Tvpopphieal 

I-~lion of 11-orkers containing samples of letterpress printing doue b?- members of the 

Union. On the walls of the Court, both inside and out, were displayed a large number 

of vie\\-s, including pictures contributed by various kc---owners in the 

colony, sho\ring the hands at work. There were also portraits of the successive Ministerial 

hwds of the Department since its establishment. from the Hon. IY. P. Reeves. 

the first Minister of Labour, to the present head of the Department, the Hon. J. -1. 

Uiar. 

Tkr Court was designed and arranged by Mr. J. K. Colhls, of the Head Oilice of 

the Department, under instructions from Mr. E. Tregear, Secretary for Labour. 

-Duriig the bhibition it was under the charge of &. 8. H. Hagger, of the Christchurch 

office. 

ENGLISH SWEATED y7 IX~USTRIES EXHIBIT- 

In sad and unpleasant contrast to the exposition of the methods n-hich this ,peat 

and benevolent Department of State has adopted in the interesta of our workers, was 

an eshibit of articles made b~ " sweated " labour in Great Britain. This was a large 

collection of garments and goods of all liinds, from nails to children's tors, gathered 

for the purpose of showing the miserably paid condition of thousands upon thousands 

of workers iu Great Britain. They were collected at the request of the Hon. J. A. Milk, 

Nhister of Labour, by the New Zealand High Commissioner in London, the Hon. W. P. 

Reeves. At h t it was hoped to borrow the exhibit shown in London by-the proprietors 

of the Daily Yail, but as this exhibit was still on show throughout the British provinces 

the idea was abandoned, and the High Cammissioner was asked to purchase similar goods

and send them to the Labour Department as soon as possible. To emphssm the fact that 

the goods were actually made at the prices quoted, the names of the contributors to the 

Department's collection, together with the organization they belonged to, were given 

in the catalogue prepared by the Labour Department. 

They were a great and significant object-lesson, these products of the poor sweated 

people of the great cities. Mr. Edward Tregear, the Secretary of the New ZesIand 

Department of Labour, in his introduction to the descriptive catalogue, forcefully indicated 

the reasons which actuated the Department in making the display, and the evils 

not only to workers but to society in general which were the result of such a debasing 

system as was here illustrated. " These materials shown," he said, "are exhibited 

as a warning against that which dl happen if strenuo11~ and sustained efforts are not 

made to bar the entrance of the system through which such results become possible, 

and to strengthen the present determination of the colonist that no such modes of workiag 

or such payments for work shall flonrish, or shall even begin their evil influence, in 

this colony. New Zealand for some yeam has, by means of a stringent Factories Act 

and by awards of the ,Arbitration Court, &e., endeavoured to control not only the wages 

paid and the earnings of .workers in local industries, but also the health conditions under 

which industries are carried on. These controlling powers have two distinct directions, 

one of an economic and the other of a hygienic character." 

The economic evils of the English sweated industries were brought vividly home 

to New-Zealandem by the labels on the goods, representing almost inconceivably low 

payment for hard, exhausting, unremitting toil ; and the hygienic dangers were only 

too apparent when one reflected on the awful conditions of dirt, disease, and misery generally 

which exist in the homes of the British workers in which these trades rrre carried 

on. New Zealand, as 3J.r. Tregear remarked, saw that there was a hygienic side to the 

question of " sweating " and " home-work." " It was recognised that people starved, 

badly clothed, and badly housed would probably be diseased and spread disease. It 

. was therefore enacted in this colony that on every garment intended for sale and made 

outside a registered factory a large label should be placed, such label stating that 

the garments had not been made in a registered factory. Severe fines were to be 

inflicted if this label were removed or concealed before the article was publicly sold. 

Fortunately no snch labels were ever needed. Textile work (tailoring, dressmaking, 

shirtmaking, kc.) is now usually esecuted only in registered factories, whose spotless 

cleanliness and healthful surrounding are fully open to blspectiol~ Moreover, if among 

the workers in any factory dealing with testiles or with food-preparation any person is 

considered by the Inspector as in a state whereby contagion or infection could be conveyed 

to others, such worker is at once suspended from work until the Public Health 

officer gives him or her a clean certificate. With snch precautions the citizens of the 

colony have nothing to far either that English rates of pap in the sweated industries 

will induce our people to compete in snch trades or that the ,pods locally made are 

vehicles of dent diseases." 

The folloning articles were amongst the most glaring esamples of "sweated " 

industries in the collection :- 

Baz-in&~.-Rste paid, '%I. to 2-6 per gross ; average workin_n-dap, sixteen honrs ; average earningn 

of worker, Is. 3d. per clay. (Sew Zedand rates pid to women and girls range from is. 6d. 

to El 10s. per week of forty-five kouii ; men are paid from El 2. to f2 1%. per week) 

Hmka nnd Eyes. Carding (Binuingham).-Rato paid 4@. for 71 cards ; workers tind their own cotton 

and ~wdles, amounting to about 4d. in every Ss. earned ; awra earnings. 3s. 3d. weekly. 

Carding B&tonu (Biimingham).-Rate paid. 3s. per 100 gross oybbnttone; worker's 011th~ for 

lh-ead dce:, l?d. in ewty 4%. earned ; average earnings, 3s. &L per week 

Papr-&g Jfd8ng.-Rste @d. 6d. per thonssnd; awnage uorkhg day, twelve honra ; aversge 

earnings, -4s. &L pr seek. (In Sew &land this work is done by machinery, and tho average 

wagen paid to women omr twenty _vcanr of age mop from 1%. Gd. to El per week of forty-five 

houra)


Ll& S&~zd.-iM. IWi cl~z*n 1G.a ; a m earnings, Ga. p~a -L;. 

Uniform Butlow.-From 2% to 89 per gross ; workers crrn urn from 1 jd. to -2d. yer bur- 

Uniform Barllo~~.--ed pr dozen ; weekly dugs a v e 6;. ~ 9d ~ 

Pe& ior Sddias' Cap.-1s. per gross ; worker pmrides om glue. 

Bop' h~ic&rs.-l &I. each ; woihr finds mseW md tkxd, md can nulra one gmnemt per hour. 

SaiZor Srira-3~2d. yer doam anits comploto. 

Hair-bracskea-ld. sseb The bad eshibitcd was made by a woman who has been at the trsdc for 

&-sew yeers She began woik when six years old. She can neither read nor ete. E.ch 

b.

SEW ZEII.*KT) ESB-OX. 

their representatives, and the esistii funds of the Department amounted to nead~ 

four millions sterling. There were at present upwards of 45.00 policies of all classes 

in force, assuring a total 

of nearly eleven d ons 

and three-quarters, in- 

cluding bonuses. The 

accunlulated funds in- 

creased from f5,113 in . 

1871 to 43,822,577 iu 

1905. All profits are 

divided amongost the 

policyholders. Assets 

are held in trust for the 

polic?-holders by an in- 

dependent Board, being 

specially " earmarked " 

by statute, and the 

financial position of the 

character. and has been 

~{K?%e is ZZi2 

vouched for time after 

time by emulent Eng- 

lish actuaries. The 

guarantee of the State 

goes ever?- policy 

issued by tbe Depart- 

inent. -4 liberal system 

of non - forfeiture pro- 

tects el-ery insurance 

policy, and the policies 

issued contail1 no un- 

reasonable restrictions. 

The business of the 

Uepartnieat is confined 

to Ken- Zeahlid, the 

healthiest countryin the 

world, and all money re- 

ceived is hlvesqed in the 

colon^-. For eyer?. f 100 .I Ctbas~a or THE GO\-EBSUEST IJFE ILSC'JLASCE U EPAU~E~T.~ 

cohected in preluiulus corn^. 

the Department has re- 

tmed to its policyholders or their representatives, or hold8 ill trust for thcl~b f 117. 

.kt the 31st December, 1905, f 179,000 in cash \\-as distributed anlongst the jmlicyholders 

iu bonuses. 

The Department issued a special Eshibition number of its periodical. the Recorder, 

containbig plans of the City of Christchutch and of the Exhibition Building, together 

uith other illustmtions. These were distributed by thousands to visitors at the 

Exhibition. 

Mr. D. P. Dennehy was in charge of the Life Insurance Court during the Exhibition. 

h the visitors' book kept at the court over thirteen thousand names were *bed 

during the seven months. Opportunit?- \\-as taken of recording the age. height, weight

aud ~iationality, and the qinions of each visitor; and at the close of the Exhibition 

the book was sent to the Head Oftice, in Wellington, to be kept as a statistical record. 

Mr. John T. Donovan, an Irish Nationalist delegate visiting the colony, e x p d 

his opinioh of tlie Government Life Insurance OfEce by writing in the visitom' book. 

" Unique as a national institution ; progress marvellous ; enterprise magnificent." 

At the western end of the West Coast Court, and directly opposite on the western 

avenue, the New Zealand Lands and Survey Department had some excellent examples 

of mapping and other work on view. There was a he collection of maps of New Zesland 

and the various districts of the colony, prepared by the stafE of the Survey Department 

; besides a series of photographs, including good views of alpine scenery. 

The principal eshibit was a large original pictorial map of New Zealand, shown in a glass 

case. This map, measuring 8 ft. in length by 4 ft. 6 in. in width, was the work of Mr. 

W. Deverell, Chief Dmughtsman in the Department's office at Inver~~qill. It was 

a triumph of the draughtaman's art m a topographical picture-map. The mountain 

features were shown in pictorial relief, and all the nvers, lakes, glaciers, and other prominent 

features of the country were clearly and prominently indicated, besides railway, 

d, and other routes, and steamer distances along the mast. The making of the 

map-occupied Hr. Deverell for nearly three years, and it cost over £1,200. A large number 

of reduced copies of this very compieb map were distributed to visitora to the court. 

Another large map shown waa one of hedin City and suburbs, the first of a seriea 

of city msps to be kued by the Survey Department. 

The exhibits were arranged by &. H. McCardell, of the Department's Head Office, 

Wellington, and Mr. Goldsmith, the Chief Surveyor for Canterburp. 

In a small court near the southern side of the Wi Corridor the Government Printing 

and Stationery Department made a display of its printing, lithographing, processengraving, 

and bookbiding work. The Department, employing over four hundred and 

fifty hands, undertakes the whole of the printing required by the Government, and 

covers a great variety of important work, from postage-stamps to railway-tickets and 

survey maps, besides a multitude of books, including illustrated books and pamphlets of 

high artistic quality, as, for example, those printed for the Tourist Department. Specimens 

of the various important books and Government reports which brru part of the 

immense volume of work passing through the Printing Office were shown. Conspicuous 

amongst these were the six handsome red-bound volumes of John ?VhiteYs chic work 

" The Ancient History of the 36aori." Then there were specimens of stereo plates and 

electrottyping work; the lithographic work so largely required in map-printing ; exhibits 

illustrating the various stages of process-engraving work ; an unusually large 

photographic n-tive nleasaring -30 in. by 30 in. ; lantern-slides, and other specimens 

of high-class artLstic work. Various classes of bookbinding work were shown, demonstrating 

that in this as in other divisions of the Department work could be produced 

quite equal to that tamed out by the best private ~rinting fums in Australasia. Mr. 

John &hy is the Government Printer, with JLr. B. B. ,Uen as Chief Clerk 

THE DEFEXCE COURT. 

The methods adopted for the defence of the country were well illustrated in the 

Government Defence Court, which occupied a position off the Main Avenue near the 

general machinery exhibit. The Court was erected bp the members of the.Permanent 

Force in Lyttelton, under the direction of Captain W. P. Wail, the local officer com-

manding the R.K.Z.A. A.ll classes of ordnance and small-arms in use in Kevi Zealand 

were shown, together with am~~lanition manufactured in the colony, and submarine-mine 

fields. The exhibit that first caught the eye on entering the court was the great 6-in. 

breech-loading gun, ga~~ison mounting, such as is used in the forts at the chief ports of 

the colony. Tith th gun it is possible to throw six 100 lb. lyddite shells per minute a 

distance of 10,000 yards with a 20 lb. dharge of cordite, or an 11+ lb. charge of modified 

cordite. This ,great projectile leaves the muzzle of the gun with a velocity of half a mile 

per second, and its penetrative power at 100 yards is through 15 in. of wrought iron. 

The ,a was fitted with automatic and rocking-bar sights. !Che ,pn with its pedestal 

weighed 16 tons. Several other pieces of artillev were shown. One was a particularly 

useful and beautiful weapon, a 12-pounder quick-firing gun on a pedestal mounting. 

This ,pn can fire fifteen I2 lb. shells per minute ; its range is 8,800 yards ; it is fitted 

with electric firing-,par and nith similar sights to the bii 6-in. ,p.m. The special work 

of the 18-pounder in case of n-ar would be the repelling of torpedo craft. Another ,pn 

was a 6-pounder h'ordenfeldt, Mark VII, mounted on a garrison central pivot mount:%. 

This gun was fitted with an aiming-die, and at its mde was affixed a " dotter," 

somewhat similar to those used in England, but of local manufacture and design. The 

artilleq "dotter" was invented by Captain (now Adn~iral) Pm;r Scott, of H.M.S. 

" Pow-erful," who assisted in the defence of Ladysmith at the Boer War, and its use is 

considered to have been mainlr responsible for the p at improvement in ,pmery practice 

in the British navy, for it ,patly simpMes and assists the aiming of the gna Other 

guns on exhibition were an infantry Maxim, dth carriage ready for field-work; a 

15-pounder breech-!oading field-gun, such as is used by New Zealand's Field Artillery 

Volunteers ; a %pounder Hotchbs, marli I, mounted on an elevated stand, and capable 

of firing fifteen shells per minute ; a parapet Maxim ; and a field Msxim on a Dnndonald 

galloping-carriage, a most useful weapon in rough countq, and one that would probably

1% OFFICIAL BECOED 

IN? excellently adapted to -the defence of New Zealand. Along the aid- of the court 

were exhibited projectiles for use in various guns, shown in sections. 

The northern wall of the corn, behind the guns, was covered by a painting of 

Lytteltot~ Harbour, showing the Banlrs Peninsula side. This was the work of assistant- 

4cer S. E. Wright, who also painted the coats-of-arms and other decorations which 

adorned the court. The harbour picture formed the background for a running target 

in the form of a cruiser, which was manipulated by a string passing from east to west 

of the wall. This tar@Cet illustrated the manner in which a gun would need to be laid 

on a moving vessel from the forts. The methods of training the guns were shown by 

membera of the Royal Yew Zealand ktdiery. 

Attached to the electrical d o n of the Conrt mas a signalling plant comprising 

heliographs, lamps, and a semaphore. An escellent raised contour model of a piece of 

country constructed by Lieutenant 0. Luttrell, assisted by Mr. T. Andrews, was shown. 

and was highly commended by many military experts who visited the court. 

In small-arms, racks of rifles round the walh showed a century's progress in the 

manufacture of infantry weapons, from the old flint gun and " Brown Bess " up to the 

modern Lee-Metford and Lee-Enfield rifles. A number of revolvers and pistols of 

various makes and dates were also exhibited. 

A particularly interesting section of the court, to both Volunteers and civilians. 

was the exhibit of the Colonial Ammunition Company of Buckland. This company 

makes all the small-arms and ammunition used by the Defence Forces of the colony. 

A case was shown illustrating erep- stage of the manufacture of a -303 cartridge, from its 

initial stage right up to the finished article. At the back of the ease was a rope of the 

crodite used in loading the cartrid-. Pictures of the company's works at Mount 

Eden, Buckland, and of the company's founder and managing director, Major A, 

Whitney, were shown. 

In a corner of the court a numher of models made by the Dunedin Engineer Volun- 

teers were exhibited, including a model blockhouse and a good model of Fort Jervois. 

The Submarine Xhing Corps of Wellington eshibited the apparatus used in its mine- 

laying and other work. A Xark I11 projector of the latest pattern was shown, 

containing a horizontal lamp, an electric dial for direction and an electric motor for 

elevating and depressing the projector. The power of this light is from 45,000- tn 

60,000-candIe power. 

The walls of the murt mere fittingly decorated with trophies of rifles, revolvers. 

swords, and bayonets. There was also on view a handsome case containing the badges 

of every regiment, British and colonial. which took part in the late Boer War in South 

,Ahica. Thii collection was presented in South Africa to Mr. T. Pollard, who lent it for 

exhibition. 

Eve11 the Prisons Depadent of New Zealand had its eshibit-one that opened 

the eyes of visitors to the skill and ingenuity often # by inmates of the gaols. 

This displa~ was located in a corner of the Mac* W, and was under the charge 

of Acting Principal Warder J. Do- of New Plervmouth, assisted by Warder Spier, of 

Lyttelton ; the former o5cer was responsible for the arrangement of the court. A large 

collection of work of a miscellaneous character. done in the L--ton and other prisons. 

was on view. Iu the LIvttelton Gaol many prisoners are taught carpentry and joinery, 

and a numb= of excellent specimens of useful work were the result. One of the prisonmade 

pieces of furniture was a aell~mtructed wadrobe ; another, a woodm mantel 

and overauntel : the basis of the manteldesign was marble picked out with gold ; 

the ovemntd, of American ash and New Zealand rim- had some clever carving done 

w i t h a penknife only. Another product of Lyttdton prison industry was a model of a

Whitechapel cart, built of mottled kauri and walnut, nea* lined and painted, aid 

mounted in silver. There were photographs and a pen-and-ink sketch of the gaol 

buildii. Other branches of industry illustrated by exhibits were sign-writing, and 

illuminating, and metal-work From ReII'igton Gaol came a large number of coirfibre 

mats, worked in mlours and carrying a variev of designs : also flow-pots, tobccojars, 

model clay fignres, and a quantity of bricks. From Mount Eden, Buckland, came 

specimens of the volcanic stone quarried for the construction of the new gaol Some of 

the prisoners in the New Zealand pols are drafted to tree-plantation camps at Waiotapu 

in the Rotorua district and in other parts of Kew Zealand, for the useful n-ork of afforesting 

the treeless parts of the count^. Some of these " outdoor" prisoners contributed 

specimens of the work of their leisure hours. The Waiotapu camp sent a wax model 

of the Christchurch Roman Catholic Cathedral: the Dumgwe tree-planters sent a 

collection of well-made flax baskets. A stone-arched window was sent from the Rapier 

Prison. Warder Down, of h'ew Pl-mouth, showed a very clever model of the hTea 

Plymouth Gaol, made of plaster-of-paris, on a scale of 4 in. to 1 ft., with evq detail of 

the building complete. This model was the result of several months' diligent and 

ingenious work. Another excellent exhibit, also the work of Mr. Down. was a model 

of St. Mary's Church, Neu Pl.mouth, of the same material as the pol model, and lit 

br electricity. Br means of a phono,pph inside the n~odel building the church chin~es 

and a musical service were cleverlr reproduced. 

TRE FISHERIES 

Cool-looking and white without, and cmler still within, and soothing to the salses 

with the rippling flowing of waters and the crptal clearness of the glass-eased tanks in 

which beautiful fishes swan1 to and fro, the -4quarium of the Government Fisheries 

Department n-as a delightful little retreat in the hot daps aud wann nights of sunlnler. 

Thii home 6f P i stood in the rear of the main Exhibition Buildings, and faced the 

Yictoria Lake. It was erected under the direction of the Chief Inspector of Fisheries, 

Xr. L. F. A;rson. It was but a mall building, but in the opinion of many visitors it 

came next to the Fernery as the prettiest court in the Exhibition. Both by day and 

by night it drew its crowds of visitors dl through the Exhibition season. 

The fmnt of the Aquarium above the entrance bore a relief moulding that appropriately 

indicated its character, the familiar conventional representation of old Poseidon's 

ocean-~nonster. open-mouthed, half-dolphin half dragon, a sea-freak that to many &mri 

visitors-for the Maoris took a particularly great interest in the Aquarium--suggested 

the dreaded tanitch of their om ancient m-rtholos. Within the building were sixteen 

glass wall-tanks devoted to various liinds of fish. and a large square pool containing 

monster trout. The tanks were constructed after the designs of the latest American 

aquaria, as seen by Mr. S;rson on his visits to the ZTnited States. They rested on a 

platform running round the outside of the building, where the? \rere open to the air: 

the tops n-ere open except for a gauze cover that would be represented in a permanent 

aquarium by a glass sky-lit roof. The glass fronts of the tanks \\.ere from 6 ft. by 24 ft. 

to ft. by 2 ft. in size, with the backs sloping inwards to the bottom. Into each tank 

a supply of fresh water continuall?- flowed from an artesian well which had been specially 

mli. This well went down 422 ft., and the water, risii 20 ft. above the *?und, gave 

a flow of 3,500 gallons per hour, nearly all of which was need in the tanks. The supply 

was quite free of minute life, so that the fish \-ere altogether dependent upon artificial 

feeding, but its clear and sparkling trans1ucene;r was a great advantage from the 

spectator's viewpoint. There, only a few inches between his eye and the fiah, he could 

literally watch them breathing, as they swam slowly round and round, with soft. 

tail-fannings and little rudder-twists, now to port, now to starboard, that reminded one

at once of the steering of a ship ; or lay at their ease on their silver sands and amidst 

their miniature rocks, opening snd closing their mouths as they peered at their strange 

Visitom through the front windows of their glassy homes. 

The wall-tanks contained specimens of all the species of imported trout natnralised 

in New Zealand, and four varieties of &on from the hatcheries at Hakataramea. In 

the tanks the visitor as he walked around also saw teneh and perch, American catfish, 

gola. silver carp, qninnat salmon, young landlocked salmon, American brook-trout. 

Californian rainbow trout, English brown trout, zebra trout, eels, and some very beauti£ul 

little Japanese double-tailed gold6sh. The h e floor-pool 2 ft. 6 in. in depth, contained 

the largest trout that &. Admn had been able to procure in New Zesland. The 

hatching and care of fish-fry were illustrated by the exhibition of hatching-boxesifilled 

with young fish. An interesting exhibit was McDonald's automatic tppe oi box, largely 

used for the hatching of cod in America. By means of a siphon arrangement the rise 

and fall of the tide was simulated in the hatching-boxes. This ingenious arrangement 

and the Downing white fish jar were illustrations of t.he ,mat care given nowadays to 

the propagation of fish. 

There was also an excellent display of mounted specimens of trout taken from 

New Zealand waters, contributed largely by the Canterbq and North Otsgo Ad- 

matisation Societies. An interesting fish shown mas a mature quinnat salmon, caught 

at Hakataramea when a large run of salmon came up from the sea into the Waitski 

=ver and some of its tributaries. Other mounted fish were &on of various kinds. 

and h e specimens of English cod, turbot, and lobster.

The walls of the building above the tanks were covered with coloared pictnres of 

various hhes of the world, including a padcnlarl~ good displap of Japanese & 

The sea-&- indastr;r was represented by a model steam-trawler towing a net. 

In the way of fish-products, Mr. Apn shod a novel article in the form of a 

quantiq - of shark-oil ; a powerfal shark fertiliser waa also exhibited. 

The Marine ~e~artment made a display of various articles connected vith the 

equipment of vessels, including port lights, eide-lights, and masthead-lights. Another 

item of interest to sailormen was a portrait of the " sailors' friend," Samuel PlimsolL 

In addition to the other 0-enta in the Aquarium, Mr. -A~SO~ had two large 

mounted albatrosses of the royal and sooty varieties.

SECTION VI. 

NEW ZFALAND'S NbTT,%AL HISTORY. 

F-IUX-1 ASD FLORA. 

OUR XATIVE BIRDS. 

HALF hidden away in the northern end of the gaUerp of the Jdain Building n-as 

the Natural History Court, where a larg display n.as made of stuffed specunens of 

New bland native bi, together with ~Uustrations of some of the most interestkg 

indigenous vegetation. The natural-history collection here was confined to inanimate 

specinlens, but outside the Exhibition Building, in a little aviaq under the pinetrees 

in the park, the Yatural History Committee had collected a number of live Sew 

Zcaland birds--some of them the most curious specimens of the animal kingdom known 

to scientists-besides a number of examples of that strange survival of pre-historic 

creatilres, the tuatam lizard. In addition, a number of inhabitants of New Zealand's 

ofihore islands--seals, sea-lions, and penpins-were on exhibition 

in a fenced-off pond of the Victoria Lake. 

The display of birds included all the most distinctive birds of these 

Islands, one of which-the moa-had disappeared before the days of 

European settlement and European-introduced birds 

The and adnmls. Conspicuous above all other exhibits 

vanished 

rose the reconstructed moa, the huge bird twice the 

Moa. 

height of a man, that once stalked through the 

forests and over the plains of New Zwlaud, perhaps the most 

singular feathered creature that ever the prehistoric natural \rorlcl 

gazed upon. Thii moa reconstructiotl \\.as the clever work of Mr. 

k Hamilton (Director of the Colonial JIuseu~n at 

IVellington, and formerly of the Otago lIuseum), 

who made casts of the lers aud cla\\-s fro111 the 

L 

bones of the nloa, and used emu-feathers for 

the plmnage. .A lnonster bird indeed. hut one 

that fell m easy vieti111 to primiti\*e man. 

Close by \\.as the kiwi or apteryx, that singular 

flightless, tailless bird, with the loag sharp 

beak and soft furry plunlage, which lnore than 

any other hing feathered denizen of Sew Zealand 

has conle to be considered t-qically representative 

of this country. It n-as the Aiwi of 

which 3ir. Charles Hursthouse, one of the earl?writem 

on New Zealand, gave an apt and \\

An oil-painting by Mrs. Hocken, of Dunedin. depicted that most remarkable 

of living New Zeaiand birds (if indeed there should still be one in existence in its 

ancient habitat, the Southern Fiordland), the takaha (Notomb 

T I r e L or mul~leUi). It was rather a pity that the fine specimen 

o=nge tlighda bird now in the Dunedin JIuseum was not 

sent up to supplement the collection; but it is a treasure that is probably too 

precious to be allowed out of that institution, considering that it is the onlJ. one 

in a New Zealand museum. The takahea, as represented in the painting, is not 

dike a pulieko or swamp-hen in general appearance ; its plumage is of a bluish tinge. 

it has a very strong and peculiarly arched red bid ; its wings are so rudimentary that 

they are useless for purposes of flight, but are armed below the carpal joint with a sharp 

spur or claw. h. Hocken's painting was done from a specimen in Dunedin, which was 

captured on the shores of Lake Te Anau in 1898-the last occasion on which this vanishing 

representative of bird-life was seen. The southern Xaoris sa? that the taliahea 

was in former days often obtained mund the mountainous wooded shores of Lakes 

Nanapouri and Te h. The bird was hunted for food by the Xatives, who used dogs 

in the chase ; when attacked it showed fighe, striking out with its feet, and biting with 

it strong short beak, and hissing like a bittern. 

There were specimens of the two sweetest smgers of the Yew Zealand forest, the 

korimsko or bell-bird, and the tui or parson-bird. The korimako or bell-bird (also 

known in various Jdaori districts as the makomalio. and in the extreme 

-o-' 

South as the koparapara) is now exceedingly rare in the northern 

SomB-b*. part of the colony, at a? rate on the mainland: it is ouly to be 

heard in nunlbers on the Govemuent awrifauna sanctuav islands, the Little Barrier 

Island, in the Hauralri Gulf, and Kapiti Island. 0% the Welliugton coast, where its dc- 

lightful early-morning concerts are to be heard as they \\-ere in the day of 'Jdsoridool. 

In the South Island the bell-bid is more plentifnl. and it is pdcularlp numerous in 

the wooded parts of Otago, Southland: and Stewart Island In at least one locali~ it 

holds its own surprisingly right in the nudst of palieha cirilisation : this is the Township 

of Akaroa (Banks Peninsula), where it breeds in r little wood quite close to the town, and 

feeds on the plunls, pears. and peaches in the tounspeople's orchards : in the sanle place 

it has developed a taste for the flowers of the acacia. -4" eloquent speaker was likened 

by the old Xaoris to the SN-eet-tongued korimnako. In ancient d a when ~ a chiefs son wras 

born, a korinmko was sometimes killed and cooked iu a sacred oven for the ceremonial 

feast of the tziatanqa or " mmiq," and was eaten in order that the child might have 

a sweet voice and become an orator. Students of the classics \\-ill re~nenlber the Greek 

storp of the swarm of bees that left honey 011 the lips of the poet Pindar in his youth. 

Another beautiful bird shown was the huia. the aristocrat of the North bland 

forests. There were two specinlens showwm, nde and fende. Sowadays these birds 

are esceedinglr rare, and are found only in the most remote parts of the Tararua and 

Rnahine Ranges. Well+01l Province. I remarkable distinction between the male ant1 

female huia is UI the bill : the male b i s bii is s-ight n-hile the female's is markedly 

curved, and is considerably longer. Xost nat&ts who have olmrved the hub account 

for this unique dix-ergence in the shape of the bills by the theo~ that it is to enable the 

birds to perform different offices in securing their food. n-hkh consists chiefly of ,ah 

and insects found in the bark of trees and Ul decayed log. The beautiful white-tipped 

black tail-feathers of the huia are highly valued by the Maoris as head and hat 

ornaments ; the huia-feather head-dress is, in fact, the old Jfaori badge of a chief. 

There were two Xen- Zealand crown or kohko, one with blue wattles from the 

Sorth Island, and the other with orange wattles hm the South Island ; the fonner 

is quickly disappearing before the advance of the white man and the destructive 

animals that come in his train. 


Amongat the wading-birds, shom in contemplative attitude was the yceful white 

heron or crane, the kotnh~, so famous in Maori poetry and proverb-- Te liotuhmrerenga-tahi," 

the rare bud whose *ht is seen but once in a lifetime. 

The It is now found in just one or two parts of the South Island. 

There arc also some stray kotuh-n occasionally to be seen in the southern 

White 

b a of ~ Stewart Island. One of the veq few places where the heron still 

Heroh 

esists is in the Okarito La,pon, a hbb&th of tidal creeks and sandbanks 

and small islands don on the West Coast, about ninety miles south of Hokitika. 

This lapn =arms with all liinds of snter-birds and waders, and amongst them are 

some white herons. One of these birds is frequently secn, and ventures right into 

the qniet little Okarito Towwhip. He is often observed fishing in statelr solitude in a 

pond just at the back of the local hotel, and he seems to know he is safe-no gun is 

ever raised against the white spirit-like bird of the lagoon. The Maoris say that the 

kotnhx is an inhabitant of the nether world, the spirit-land of the Reinp. An old 

funeral lament ends with these words, in apostrophe to the departed : " KO te kotahm 

to tapui, e tania--e ! " (" The white heron is now thy sole companion, 0 nlr son ! "). A 

high chief or other distinguished visitor is often likened to the rarely-seen kotnku. 

The snow? feathers of this bird were the niost highly prized head-ornaments of the 

olden Maoris. 

Other interesting wadiag-birds shom were the pukeko, the long-red-legged, hlueplumaged 

bid of the swamps. u-hose progenitors, according to Maori tradition, were 

brought to New Zealand by the early Polynesian immigrants in their canoes ; spimens 

of the Sew Zealand bitten), the matuku-type of all that is lonely aiicl dcsolate- 

\%*hose nightly booming " Hu-hu " in the marshes disquieted the h t Maori explorers ; 

and a beautiful white-fronted heron in the act of flying. 

KCIF Zealand's three large parrots, the hh, the kakapo, and the kea, were represetlted 

by excellent specilncirs mounted in appropriate surroundings. Of these, the kalia, 

the large bro\vn parrot. is numerous all over Ken- Zealand. In sonle native districts 

it still fonm an ite~n of food. The rrewera and other nloulitain tribes until quite lately 

used to catch large nuo~hrs of kaka by means of noosed carved snares or perches called 

9~~tu-Ld~a. This ingenious art of woodcraft is still to be seen practised in such reniote 

localities as the shores of Lake \\'aihrenioana and near Blataatua and other dla,~ 

in the rre~vera rountn-. The kaka is the noisiest bid in the h'ew Zealand forests, and 

its intense curiosity and i~iquisitiveness assist in its capture b!- means of decoy birds 

and I)?- snares. The kakapo is a curious big brown parrot u-ithout nieans of flight ; it 

inhabits the dense moss? forests of the south-western segment of the ,South Island, the 

,pat Fiordlaird Piational Park. and it is amongst the peculiar birds of that part of New 

Zealand that are being presen-ed in the southen) bird-sanctuary, Resolution Island, in 

Dnsli\- Sound. 

Then there was the kea. the sharp-beaked alpine parrot (Xedor ~otabilis), notorious 

because of its sheep-killiirg habits. The kea, a vegetarian before the white man 

came. acquired carnivorous tastes when the southern runholders began 

The to depasture their sheep arou~id the foothills of the Southern Alps. 

Kea 

A price is on its head in several parts of the South Island: where the 

County Councils pay a reward or every kea killed ; so the sheep-kill' 

parrot's numbers are being lessened on the sheep-runs, where the shepherds an a 

runholders a,- that the only ,pad kea is a dead kea. But far away up in the 

mountains, in the wastes of rock and ice, is the kea's true home. Here his frequent 

plaintive scream dl be heard as he circles round the climber on the clifk or hop 

across the surface of the glacier after him-for he is as inquisitive and impudent as the 

weka-yelling " Kay-ah ! liar-ah ! " at the top of his voice. 

The kea is a h-loring bid too. When the alpine hats mere first erected in the

Tasman Valley near Yount Cook, Rocks of keas used to divert themselves in the early 

morning by noisily sliding down the iron roofs, with a tremendous amount of unmusical 

bird-laughter. They would keep up the game for hours, and evidently looked upon 

the huts with their shining mofs as a new kind of amusement specially provided for 

the kea tribe, and loud and shrill were their expressions of pained disappointment and 

surprise when the inmates of the huts emerged in hot anger to heave boots and rocks 

and pannilrina at them. Not, however, that it is safe to pelt a kea with anything yon 

want back again. He win deftly dodge the projectile and make off with it into the 

scrub, especially if it happens to he something b*ht and glittering. The kea is ntterlr 

destikute of principle, and, with the weka, his copartner in bid-iniquity. is an inveterate 

pilferer. 

In the high sheep-country on the eastern side of the Southern Alps the carnivorous 

kea has his best hunting-ground. A little flock of sheep, or a solitary straggler lost 

in the snow. is his favourit. spoil. The silly sheep, frightened by the mountain-parrot's 

sharp scream, runs round and round in the snow, weakening all the time, but still urged 

on to vain activity by its relentless enemy wheeling about its head. Then the kea pounces 

with a devilish swoop on-to its back, and sinh its taions 6rmlp into the wool. Wlth 

its powerful curved beak it digs down through wool and skin and Beah into the poor 

animal's body, and literally devours its palpitating vitals while it is stiU alive. So the 

kea is -elite of the mountains, and a price is on its outlawed head. The exact 

degree of the mountain-parrot's d~ctiveness is a moot point ; perhaps he, like many 

another sinner, is sometimes blamed more than he deserves. But hi reputation is 

bad amongst the sheepowners of the Waipounamu, and hi discovery of the sweets of 

living mutton is bringing about his decimation and extinction. One method of capturing 

the kea on some stations on the eastern side of the Otira Gorge is an ingenious idea bore 

rowed from the bird-snaring Maoris. A decoy kea is tied up near a trap in which food 

is placed. The fettered bird, with its shrill cries, soon brings its free-\singed kindred 

around it, and the? race greedily for the shepherd's bait. When a bird is in the net 

the concealed watcher twitches his string, the kea is aught wildly fluttering, swearing 

in bird-language in the meshed snare of the fowler, and soon thereafter his head is borne 

on a charger to the County He&. 

New Zealand's most remarkable migrant, the godwit or k'uaka, was amongst the 

other bird-specimens exhibited. The ,dn-it is probably the most wonderful migrato~ 

bird known to naturalists. It is said to breed in eastern Siberia fro111 June to the end 

of July, and then to take its long, long eht for Xew Zealand, passing on its way Illany 

countries and many seas. In Xovember and December it amves in Xen- Zealaad. 

At about the end of April the godwits assemble in vast numbers in the vicinity of Te 

Reinga, the rocky cape at the northern estremitp of New Zealand. whence the spirits 

of the dead, say the JIaoris, take their last leap into oblivion ; and from this point the 

adventurous birds sail off again for their distant northern homes. The birds' depamue 

from Xew Zealand takes place about the same time, in fact allnost the same dsy, every 

year ; the regularity of their movements, year after year, is one of the most wonderful 

facts in natural history. 

. The two migrant cuckoos were shown -the long-tailed cuckoo, koekoea or 

koheperoa, whose glossy barred tail-feathers are valued as head-dress ornaments by 

the Maoris ; and the pre* pipiwharauroa, or shining cuckoo. These 

Maui's 

little ocean-fliers come to Xer Zealand for the sun~n~er, arriving about 

Bird' 

October, and breed here. The koekw returns to the South Sea 

islands about the end of Februsrv; the pipiwharauroa takes its Wt for its 

winter quarters in northern Australia and ?Jew Guinea. Like the Engiish cuckoo, 

the pipiwharauroa is regarded as the harbinger of spring. The Southland Natives 

call it " Te Manu-a-Maui" (" Maui's Bird"), because its notes when heard in the

OFBCIhL RECORD 

spring are a signal to begm the planting, &ui binp the tutelary deity of the food- 

,aardens and cultivations, Its sweet and £requentl~ repeated whistling notes, heard 

oftenest round the sea-shore and in the coppices which compose the outex fringes oi 

the forest, are interpreted by the Maoris as '' Ku-i. h-i ! whiti-whiti-ora ! " concluding 

with a long " Tio-o ! " 

Of New- Zealand's water-birds, the various ducks shown included the now protected 

paradise duck or putangitaqi. and the little blue mountain-duck or whio, so 

called by the Naoris because of its whistling cv. There were sea-birds of many Ends, 

from petrels to albalm~~~ All the specimens of birds exhibited came from the Otago Museum, of which 

Professor Benham is D i r . 

Of other living creatnres, the tuatara lizard is probably the most strange that Xew 

Zealand has to show a visitor. 'I'he tuatara inhabits only a few of the small uninhabited 

off-shore islands, such as the Chicken Islands, off K h a w Heads ; b r a Island, 

in the Bar of P1ent;r : East Cape Island ; and Stephen Island, in Cook Strait. A +gar 

fact about the tuatara is that on the Chicken Islands and elsewhere this curious harmless 

saurian shares the cli* burrows of the mutton-bird or titi, and is also believed to share 

the fishy food brought home daily by that petrel. 

Sew Zealand vegetation was illustrated by a large number of excellent photographs 

displayed on the walls of the court and at the back of the showcases. These pictures 

\rere taken by Dr. Cocks-me, of Christchurch. n-ho has made extensive use of the camera 

for plant geo,~phical reaeamh. The pictures were vtematized so as to illustrate the 

nlanner in n-hich plants ,pow in the forest, the coastal and the alpine regions. Of particular 

interest \rere the pictures showing that most curious of Kew Zealand plants, the 

" regetable sheep" (Raoulia ~lamt~tdkris). so called because of its resemblance, seen from 

a short distance, to the \roo1 of a sheep. This peculiar plant is seen in many places on 

the eastern slopes of the southern Alps and the upper parts of the Canterbury river-beds. 

Stephen Island, the home of the tuatara lizard in Cook Strait, has a veF singular forest, 

which \\-as illustrated by two good photographs. Of particular value were the pictures of 

the characteristic vegetation in the sub-Antarctic islands away to the south and southeast 

of Sen Zealand. The rare and beautiful native forest of the Chatham Islands was 

pictured, and there was also an illustration of the p t Chatham Islands blue forgetme-not 

with its large leaves, n-hich at one time fornied a belt almost round the shores 

of the Islands. 

Mr. E. R. Waite, F.L.S.. Curator of the Canterl~uy Museum, exhibited several 

fresh-water aquaria containing fish and plant life. ,imongst the fishes shorn were 

Sew Zealand whitebait and kokopu. Australian carp. Japanese goldfish, and Chinese 

paradise fishes. Hr. Waite also exhibited in cases a collection of articles for catching 

snakes and extracting their poison, besides casts of Australian snakes and specimens of 

other aninlalr belonging to various orders. 

Sew Zealand's mammals were represented only by two species of bat, for this 

countr;r was almost entirely de~oid of mammals before Europeans settled here. The . 

Maoris, when they reached New Zealand in their canoes from the Polpesian Islands. 

brou~ht their dogs with them. Before this the swll native rat was probably the 

solitay q~~admped that lived on Kew Zealand soil 

In order to provide an exhibition of some of Xew Zealand's little-known animals, 

the Governn)ent had brought up from that most remote of its outlying islands, h- 

quarie Island, a number of seals, penguins. mollbermawlis, and petrels. These sub- 

.Intar(-tic creatures were collected by Captain Bollons of the " Hinemoa " at Macquarie, 

a storm-bound, lonely spot, belonging politically to Tasmania, and visited only occasionally 

by a Government steamer or by a penph-oil-hunting schooner from Dunedin or 

the Bluff. The seals included a great sea-lion, a rather savage animal with quite a

1 

. 

' 

lionlike mane. There were two black seals, and one of a lightbrown 

colour, and a good specimen of a fur-seal. These birds 

and seals were liberated in a pond and enclosure made b!fencing 

off a portion of the Victoria Lakelet near the tree- 

,pves close to the Maori pa. The penguins, always interesting 

and amusing creatures to watch, were of 

the varieties known as crested and tufted : 

both kinds were much alike, with white 

breasts and black oily-looking backs. The 

rn~ll~rmawks~ too, mere interesting birds 

-great petrels, with head and beak like 

the albatross and a huge spread of wing. 

There was also a pair of " Nellies," a 

species of brown petrel. At the close of 

the Exhibition the seals were liberated in 

USE OF 'ZHE ISHABITAXTS:OF RIE SWL-POKD. the sea near the mouth of the Waimaliariri 

River. 

The flightless-or, perhaps more correctly speam, short-flighted-hck of the 

Auckland Islands was shown in the aviary outside the Eshibition Buildings. 

THE FERNERY. 

Cool, fresh, and fragrant of the forest, the glass-fronted ,pen Fernerp that opened 

its doom just opposite the west end of the %in Avenue was a spot of delightful sylvan 

dneas after the bustle and nok of the outer Exhibition world. Within those 

quiet mossy &, where the subdued light came soft and pleasant to the eyes at night 

in refresh contrast to the blazing radiance outside, it was a fairy dell in Fern Land. 

- A p t &us-roofed 

building a hundred feet 

in diameter had been 

transformed into a true 

bush gully. where ferns 

by the hundred and 

masses of lppods had 

been gathered from all 

parts of the land to 

make a woodland nook 

convincing to all who 

entered its shady portals 

that Sew- Zealr ild 

well deserved her title 

of the "Land of 

Ferns." No section of 

the Exhibition was . 

more typical of these 

THE Fmm. beautiful Islands than 

the Fernw7 with its little forests of rich frondage? deliciously soothing to the senses 

with its sugstion of some far-awa~ valley in the heart of the mountains where the 

forest-roof made perpetual twilight ; one almost expected to hear " the whirr of wings in 

the drowsy air and the cooing of pigeons." Of the lU)-odd species of fern8 that the 

New Zealand forests hold, there were about eighty species represented in this museum 

of plant-life ; all kinds one saw, from the tall tree-fern that spreads its great languorous

cronn of soft fans overhead, to the daintiest, tiniest filmy fendets that matted the 

trunks of their bii CO& or trembled in hunible beauty on the dewy ground Paths 

and walks led through the Fernland park, n-hich sloped down to the centre, where a 

boulder-strenu pond held trout in its clear cox n-aters, and where fountains cast their 

rooling spra?s in air. All ammd grew those sweetest of Tane's children, all plumed 

and feathen--fronded--oflspring the most dear, most delicate of Maoriland's God of the 

JToods- 

The solemn d beauteous Trine, who gathers his st.tclia&, pn-cver, 

t*.e!Swa.ing annghters 

Into foists. the sunny. the songst@:-bethriddm. 

A true lush-bridge made of the spring trunks of tree-ferns spanned the pond. From 

the rock?- moss-crusted walls of the miniature ,dy gushed little waterfslls, and little 

streams came, tinkle, splash, and tinkle, do- to the pond, just U-e any little bush- 

creek 

That to the sleclii woo& ell night 

Singeth s qniet tune. 

A JIaori tvould have called it the tcumra-mi. the hbble of the n-atcrs, tht often 

carried ia it to the brown forest-lllsn's faucy the human-like voice. of the spirit 

world. The slopes on either side of the pathwa~ri were built of ,peat blocks of stone 

(brought. fro111 the Port Hills) and specially prepared soil. On the eastcr~l side then! 

was n little ruck!- ,ptto ; all that it needed by night ~ras the glina~~cri~ig of g101v- 

worms to renii~ld oiie of so~ile hollon-ed bask on a Souith Westland forest road \\-hell 

the tiny \vonn iiightl?. lights up her faii- lanip. The walls were everpvhere concealed 

lu~idcr a &mil pnnent of bog-moss, sphagiun, out of which pn- littie curling 

lenis. Noses and creeping lpcopodiuni filled the roc];?- crevices of the gall>--slopes. 

a~rd tree-bark so covered the pillars and posts that in the half - light they seemed 

veritable p\\i11y trees. The \vood\vork overhead in places had beell so cleverl?illasked 

that it rese~~~lled tree-branches, and there were little "pockets " here and 

thcre froin which sprays and festoons of the drooping spleen~vort (ds~&)~iu~~t 

floccidua~) hung as in a natural bit of woodland : it is this prett? cli~igii~g plant 

that is poetically called by the 11-aikaren~oana and I'rewera Maoris "the Tresses 

of Raukatauri " (" Kga Makawe a Raukatauri "). 

And e\-erpvhere the ferns. Hun* of them. of all sizes aud ,mccs. c\.c.ry orrc. 

of then1 kauutiful, d i n g ill the humid air a scent of lush leaf and atonlatic froild. 

There was the statel? iiurrnabq the black-stemmed tree-fcrn Cydhen r)tedullaris, the 

Ling of our ferns, a splendid plant 20 ft. high. Just such trees, but oftell twice the 

height, oiie sees e\-er?~here in the Xorth Island forests, or leaning out over the water on 

such a wood-lwlted river as the Mokan, where the canoe st\-ings past beneath their spreadiug 

froilds. In the Taranahi forests the maluaLx grows in particular abundance and 

to a peat size. It prokided the Maori with olic of his bush-foods : the pith of the man~aku 

was oftell cut out and cooked in the steal11 ovens or ha+, then dried. During the last - 

Maori wars the huuted Hauhaus, when driveu into the forests far from their homes and 

cultivations. n-ere often reduced to eating the manurLc ; the Katives say it is a nourishing 

food, but that niuch of it induces hea~ drowsiness. Maori songs make reference to 

the niamaku. There is one beautiful lament that compares a weeping mourner to this 

,pat fern :- 

Ah, me. my children ! I bow my hcad 

,As droops the manudm fern-tree. 

There \\-ere other arborescent ferns, of the kind called pone ; one of these nras the 

beautiful silver fern-tree (Cyaihea daaEbata), nith its ,pat handsome fronds silvery-white 

on their under-sides. There was the Dkk%~~io squawosa, snlrrller than the mamahc

NEW ZJULAXD ESHIBITIOX. 

but equally beautiful; the Hemit$k mithii, which is said to estend further south- 

wards than any other tree-fern, and other tall ferns. Then came the smaller ferns that 

everywhere feathered the ground and filled the spaces between their tall relatives. The 

most plentiful one, planted like the other ferns in natural-looking groups, was the Lomuriu 

d&c&r. But loveliest of all was that princess of Fern Land, the very beautiful 

feather-fronded Todw superba, lover of the damp cool bush shades where only the dim- 

mest, softest of light a n come. The rich clusters of this grand fern took one back in 

imagination to some of the innermost sanctuaries of the " Wao-nui-a-Tane," the " Depths 

of Tane's Woods "--away to the shadowy caiions and cloudy ranges of the Huiarau, 

in the Orewera forests, where the narrow old Maori war-tracks wind in places through 

whole acres of the Z'odca superba, everywhere coneeahg from view the ground and the 

lower part of the tree-trunks. Nowhere does it grow to greater perfection, this soft 

forest X i, than in the very ancient bush-lands of the crewera and the valleys around 

Lake Waikaremoana. An uncommon and beautiful fern \rss the T& borbora, or 

royal fern ; the specimen grown came from the Wahto district ; it is onlr found in 

the north of New Zealand. An interesting plant was the para fern, Uaraitia fraa5neu, 

sometimes called the horse-shoe fern. The root of this large fern. as well as that of the 

common braelien fern or rarauhe, used as food by the olden Xaoris; hence the 

Northern place-name Kai-para. And underneath these ferns again, and in and around 

the boulders and climbii the pillars and the fern-tree stem, there in pat abund- 

ance the little thin filmy ferns of the genera known to botanists as H-menophpllum and 

Trichomanes, including the tender maidenhair and the shapely kidney fern. 

There were other plants that grew amid the ferns and on the borders of the path- 

ways and the fountain-pool, and heightened the forest-like atmosphere. There were 

some nikau palms (draur mpidcr), the heart of which is a bush-food in the northern h r i


districts, while the leaves make a splendid thatch for w b : some bushes of fias or 

harakeke (Pfimntiut~~ team) ; astelias, with heads of sn-ord-like lea~es. usually see11 

growing in great tufts in the forb of forest-bees : the straight and slender lance\rood, 

nith its sharp-pointed leaves ; the famhr cabbagetree or ti-palm (Cordgine australis) : 

and, handsomest of all, the toi, or mountain-palm (Cordyline indicisa), with its ,peat 

broad flax-like leaves, from which the Maoris in such moul~tain-districts as the Uren-em 

country used to make their ,gumen& The toi seldom ,mm away froiu the mountabls. 

it is seen in its glory in the pat hill-forests of the Sorth Islaild : around the mountaims 

shores of Lake Waikarenloana its leaves. tougher and stronger thau ffas, measure 

eight or nine inches in width. Some of these plants. such as the hu-palm, together 

with the im~nense variety of ferns, suggest the thought that Ken- Zealand's unique and 

veF ancient flora was or@m&- a true tropical one. 

The members of the Eshibition Horticultural Co~umittee, with whom the idea 

of the Ferne~ origdnted, certaiuly succeeded remarkably \dl in their endeavour to 

present to visitors' eyes something of the charm and glo~ of Kew Zealand feni-forests. 

The ferns had to be brought from 'Restland and fro111 the h-orth Island, lifted and tram- 

planted 6th p t care, and carefully cherished in their nen- home. 31r. & Pe4uso11, 

the landscape gardener under the Tourist Department at Rotorua, m-as chiefly responsible 

for tbe excellent desi-hng and lalaring-out of the Ferne~, and it ws coustmcted under 

his supervision. blr. G. B. Armstrong, of Christchurch gave advice aud much assistance, 

and took chav of the F m e wheu ~ Nr. Pearson left for the Korth, after the work of 

erection \\-as coniplete. The 1m11ung and labelling of the ferns and other plants, which 

helped to make a da?*light \isit to the Fmiery nu uhject-les.;oii in botany, was curri~rl 

out by Mr. Armstrong. 

The one fault that could k found with the Femeq- n-as the mlonr of the g h used 

ill the roof. The gIass was of a light-,pen tint that gave the fens a husof an unnatural 

ai~d siclily kind iu the Jiyti~i~c At iiight, hon-ever, the ferny bwcr \vas perfect.

SECTION VII. 

HOHE m1)GSTRLE8 A33 TECHhTCfi SCHOOL5 EXHIBITS. 

TEE Home Industries Section, containing an exceedingly divedied collection of 

practically everything that it is possible for adults as well as children to mamfacture 

in their own homes, and also a great deal of work done by the pupils of the 

technical schools of the cdony, was situated on the large gallery to the south 

side of the dome. It was reached by staircases leading off either side of the grand 

vestibule. The gallery contained an immense ~ariee of work iu \vood, plasticine, 

metal, and other materials, and an eqeciaJlr large and beautiful subsectio~~ was 

. the displar of frrncp needlework ; and there sere a large l l ~ ~ of h r exhibits in 

brushwork, mapping, h., from the p@ schools. 

The nature and scope of the Home Industries Conlluittee's n-orb- is set o11t in the 

fullotving introductory note to the schedules of coulpetitiolls sent out by the Col-11mittec 

:- 

Tho dewion of the tcmn "home indnsbies" an adolrtd by the Comnittw, is the. work oj 

the individual, as distinct f.m~ tk u-ork of firolk s~d fautoritra. 

h compiling these schedules the Home hdhes Committcrn have btwl k$dy ~ I ~ U C I Lby C ~ ~ 

the desh that. through the medium of thene oompetitionu. a lore for e~nulst.iun lnay In. crcatc-d or 

fosteml thrt will rarult in a ~ ~ I - I I Idumtional U ~ ~ adrmt8gr to the conuunnity. 

!Che aim has k n to prnride spc-id facilities for aU to dispkir their ability. in \lratcv~,- 

Jirectiun it linr ; but it rRUi won found. as the work prucredd. that IUSII~ bra~~rlu.?; d indnut~ and 

commerce do not lend thc.m~lms ro compctitionr uoruing within the scoln- of a Hoaa Indu~~rie~ 

Section. 

Ttu. brosd a d liberal lines upon which thesa SCII~~III(.~ LYC been prelmrd inslike the Conimittee 

with the hop that the Home Industries Won be enLong the ~ost attrautive at tlw 

Exhibition, and t h ean be but littlct doubt t.hnt the succegs of this section 111ust prove 

one of the gm&mt oclvertkm~nts tbat tk oc1111ny an have, as it rill show that the individual 

worker has an en- and sbiliq that rni~rrt of nemwit.y piotuotc: tlu. growth and can- 

Yrcluent prhipritr of the conuuercr and indnstries of tb colony. 

TIM+ Canunittee, themfa~rr. cnrnmtly ap~wds to all ernl>loyers to =kt tllia iuoreacc.nt. 

bp urcing their best anhvuars tcl ancowage t.hcir cmployecs to take theif ]*art in proving 

that. t.lw hop of present SII~ furm succnss ix not bwd on fd. gro~nds 

A perusal of the auwmlunyi~~g whedluk. rill show tlut the eotulllrmid and iudustrial 

clww, whist olwn tu all. affoid special olilmrtunities to studen& at rtrchnid whwLs tf dl 

tu ~~;oct.iealIy demou..trnrr the vsluc. of the tlleory that is thwein taught, and fm that 

pmpoac uuch student% can enter not only irk any of t.he Sections thro~lghc~trt the achdi~les, 

but an enter in the sections slwcially set al-rt for thenl. 

With a view of increasing thc intrmst talrcn in techlid dncetio~~ it wa thought that 

complete sets of exhibits. showin;: the methods adolmxl in uom of the ksl technical schools 

in the mild. would be m a interesting to the public and azudents, and of special nstt to many 

of the teach engaged in the various xohookr. 

& the best masm of accom~~lin~ng this object. the Home 111.11wtries C!ommittee asked 

t.he ansistsnm of the Mini* of Education, which aras d y granted. ktters hi%- been 

sent to some of the Ieading twhnicd iichools in En,-hd. Germany. -hcrica France, and 

Anstralia, and it ia hoped that a most interesting and instructive di91hy dl be made of 

nlodern educational rnethod.5 and appliances- ~~ ~ S O S , 

Chairman. 

How far the hops and aspirations of the Committee were satisfied by the number 

of entxies received and qualiv of the exhibits d be gathered fro111 the following remarks 

which have, at the request of the compiler, been furnished by the Comn~ittee :-

]Li.ny of the featured in tho Home Inddes Seetion warn entirely novel in conneotio~: 

with industrial eshibitirma, consequently tbe Committee was in a grert measmc bresking noaground 

dded by psat esperiencea 

A review of the mnltm gives tho org.nirms tho impression that with the eqmiencr 

now gained a seeond effozt wonld phbly seGnre mnch bottsr resnlts. 

As mgdn thc number of cshibib rewivcd, tho Committea had ample fat satisfaction 

A stndy of the ~ n l e issued s mtnrdly created tho feeling %hat such competitions 

would bo mainly snpportod by l d industries and commerce, and that, thinefom, the edncational 

adv&nt.ne to be gained by the oircdstion of new and oiigind idea from a mder centm 

wonld be minimised; bnt an esmnhtion of the +-lists shows that vciy many of the best 

displays of -skill and oi-igiiq came from the greater distances, a fact which tends to show 

that the d t s of the Commi*'s efforts must hsve a mnch wider sphere of ntinlulntin,n 

inliaence than wm at first. exptcd. 

Thc cluality of tl~c cdibita also dlb for a word of praise. for while, of coiuatt, in si~cb 

a large number of eutries comins from all soiuces. from scl~oolcl~ild-en and apprentices up to 

alaster a.orIce~s, end amatcurs who had follod thcir buuines.\ or their hobbies for a long 

tinlc, some were not 111, ta the standard ot eshib~tion displar ; yet a very large number of 

the successF~il exhibits called forth most ei~lugistic comments Fiom those csp&s who consented 

to ju*. and thc general expression of opinion both in the Horuc. Indnstrius Coiirt and amongst 

the ontside pnblic, aped that the display p:ovrd that home indiistrj is still an important 

factor in the home-life of tllc Duminiou. 

The Committee f& that the excellent examples of work sent in by the various sehoolr; 

of art, technical classes, and other edncstiod organizations. demand special acknowled 

and ventures the belief that both the institotiom and the community will derive con.siE3I; 

bcnefit from those dirldays. 

The exhibits occupied over a score of bays in the long gallery. Perhsps the best 

branches of work shown were the mood-carving, copper and brass repoussh work, brush-

0FPICI.U EECOBD 

work, and needlework. In the wood-carving there was an excellent display-plain and 

ornsmenhl carving, high and low relief, chip and incised, and carving after the h e patter~~ 

of the Maori. New Zealand woods were chiefly used, with the best results. There 

were tn-o handsome collections of native timbers on view. Particularly good were some 

of the examples of artistic woodworking as applied to household furniture. One exhibit 

that attracted much attention was a clock, with female figures and decorative foliage, 

carved from the solid piece. Another fine example of art design applied to common 

objects was a writing-table with incised panels carved in representation of oak-foliage. 

There were model carved houses, wall-cabinets. Xaori canoes and walking-sticks, sideboards, 

settees, desks, chairs, picture-frames, mirrors, and so on in seemingly endless 

variety. There was an inlaid casket skilfull~ made of h'ew Zealand woods. There 

were some good examples of fretwork, and several accurately built and rigged models 

of ships were shown. Other notable &bits were a model of a cottage piano, a quarter 

the size of the original, and complete in every detail ; several locally made violins, a 

banjo, and a set of bagpipes. 

In needlework there was a very large collection, ranging from plain sewing+me 

of the best of this came from the girls in the Maori schools-to beautifully embroidered 

work such as ecclesiastical vestments and altar-cloths. 

In the beautiful collection of hand-made lace there was one very fine and quite 

unique exhibit, a large collar of the Maltese-lace pattern and a length of lace, about 

2 in. wide, made out of the fibre of our New Zealand k, the Phormium teaax, by h. 

Williams. The material, it was stated, was prepared by scraping with an ordinarp 

pocket-knife. The fibre was left in its original unbleached condition. It was a surprising 

and beautiful example of one more of the man? uses to which our fanliliar 

hankeke plant may be turned. 

The technical schmls' cclaas-work shown included the subjects of plumbing, metalwork, 

carpentry and joinery, building-t~nstruction, coachbuilding, cabinetmaking, Bc. 

The entries made by the various schools and the individual students attending the classes 

showed that these institutions are already proving of seat value to the industrial sectioil 

of the commuiuty. 

The Wellitq$.on Technical School exhibited a considerable number of articles of 

first-class worlimanship. The most interesting eshibit of this school was a model cathedral 

made from original designs and m-orliing-plans supplied by the students under the 

direction of Mr. A. R. Fraser. Every detail of church-building was shown with exactitude, 

even to the caning of the small doors into the x7est~-, aud the tiny cross surniountiug 

the rood were shown on a larger .scale in detached parts. The cross, for 

instance, full-sized, of beaten-lead work ; the altar-rail, with a design based on the 

wild rose, was shown in coloured plaster. This school also showed some fine beatencopper 

work, burnished for a wall-panel and used as a franie for a mirror. Some god 

stencil designs for frieze and other decorative .e\rork \\-ere shown. There was a nidel 

circular staircase on exhibition. designed and nude by the students of the Wellington 

School evening elm, faithfully and well finished. A ~luinber of paiutings, - both oil 

and water col~m, were shorn, and several good -. 

The Auclrland Technical School sent as its quota an excelleilt collection of work 

hl plumbing, carpentering, and cabiietmaking, which did high credit to both instructors 

and pupils. hiother exhibit sent by this school, and an excellent one too, was a display 

of dressmaking and millinery, done entirelr by the pupils of the si:hool. There were 

dresses, coats, tea-gowns, and hats which rivalled any display made in the showcases 

of the millinery firms downstairs. 

Other technical schools showed some capital work in oil paintings, black-and-white 

drawings, and designing with pen and pencil, carved ftuniture, and plumbing. 

One bay in the Home Industry Section was devoted entirely to aign-writing,

marbling, and decorative work generally. The plumbii exhibits from the \-arious 

schooh were considered by - espert - judgg - - to be capital worli, faithfully and neatly 

done m every particular. 

The Canterbury College School of Art had a bay fitted up as a hall and comer. The 

walls were battened and decorated with stencil desips and with a deep frieze in harmony. 

In the coma was a fine settee. well carved and panelled with pod examples of repod 

worli. This school is doing escellent work under the guiding hand of Mr. R. Herdman 

Smith, formerly of the Wellington Technical School. In this cosy corner of the Canterbury 

School the most remarkable feature was a large corner seat in brown oiled \mod, 

decorated with carved panels. and with beautifully designed beaten-copper panels let 

in around the top of the woodwork. The carving was based on an oak-tree motif ; the 

beaten-copper panels had designs of wide-wiq,oed ship sailing ova highly decorative 

seas. This seat was considered b;r the judges to be a most escellent example of shill 

and taste in applying decoration to the treatment of household furniture so that it 

becomes a thing of beau@ without losing its practical utility. Another article worth 

nlentioning was a hall-stand in the form of a pillar decorated with clinging vine-leaves 

and bunches of ,gapes. The wall-decoration of this corner was a tasteful study in pale 

greens with wild-rose painted embellishments, panelled in dark-brown oiled wood. 

Amongst the art designs in the Home Indnsm Section were r nu~nber sent out 

from the South Kensington School of Art: illustrative of the manner in which flowerdesigns 

are evolved from the original sketches of flo\rers. -4t the close of the Exhibitiol~ 

these desips were distributed ainoiipt the different technical schools of the roloiiy. 

h'ew South Wales made an excellent displar. illustrating the advance of the homein 

dust^ idea, from paper-folding in the infant classes to cardboard and plasticeuemodelling 

ill the internlediate grades and elaborate and artistic n.ood\\-ork and inodelling 

in the upper claeses. From South Parranlatta School came sonle water-eolours 

done from life. An excellent show of woodwork, from the rough timber to the complete 

article, was sent by the Ken-town Public School. Sydney. This h'eu South Wales 

exhibit was housed separatelr froin the other home-indusw eshibits in a little bay 

near the southern entrance of the Ehibition. 

An exhibit in the northern plle~ 

that illustrated modern methods in scientific 

instruction was that of the Canterbury College Chemical Laboratoq-, sho\rn b?- Dr. 

Evans, Professor of Chemistry in that hlstitution. In the centre of the bay there nras 

an experiment table for students, with a collection of some of the mechanical apparatus 

used in chemical research and n-ork, including an electridy driven ball inill (a modem 

successor of the pestle and mortar) : a hot-air motor driving a shaking-machine for fluids : 

an apparatus showing the process used in driving turpentine out of fossil kauri-gum. 

-1 special feature of the eshibit was a large dia,pm drawn by Dr. Evans, mp~-ing 

the wall behind the other exhibits, showing readily the composition and the heating- 

powers of seventeen typical samples of Keu Zealand coals, varying in size according 

to the constituents they represented. Coloured rectangles shored the proportions of 

coal, sulphur, and water present in each coal, and a red flag showed the heating-value 

of the different coals. On the northern wall there was a large diagram shoning the effect 

of volcanic action on coal, and illustrating an esample from the Malvern Hills. iri Canter- 

bury. A variety of other exhibits made this little bq- of particular interest and service 

to students of chemistry.

OFPICI&L RECORD 

SECTION VIII. 

NEW ZEALAND PROVINCIAL COCRTS. 

XOST of the provincial districts of New Zealand grouped their staple exhibits in special 

courts, which were in several cases highly decorative, and invariably with the exhibits 

conveniently classified, well labelled, and displayed with a good eye to artistic effect. 

Cnfoitunately two of the most important provinces, Wellington and Otago, were not 

represented by special courts ; and the lasity of the business men of Wellington and 

Dunedin Gities in this respect via in remarkable contrast to the public-spirited energy 

of, for instance, the Westland people, whose display of their products and resources 

was probably the most complete in the Exhibition. Dunedin and Wellington lost a 

splendid opportunity for advertisement ; many of the productions and manufactures 

of their provinces were, it is true, on view, but scattered and dispersed amongst the 

thousands of private exhibits in the big building. Westland and the two Canterbury 

Co* combined the utilitarian and the ornamental very happily ; the solidness of the 

displas of minerals, and timber, and cereals, and flax, and wool were skilfully redeemed 

from the prosaic by the introduction of suggestions of nature in ferns and flowers and 

corn-sheaves, and by galleries of beautiful pictures. duckland's Court was picturesque 

and hright, but here one could not help feeling that an even more expansive and 

attractive display might easily have been nude. It was, after all, inadequate when one 

mentally rewiewed the singularly varied character of the largest and richest province 

of the co'ony and the multitude and magnitude of its resources and its industrial 

interests. Industrially and spectacularly such a province as Auckland could have done 

much more on liiles which will be indicated in the description of that court, and which 

might with benefit be followed jn future eshibitions. Broadly speaking, most of the courts 

might have done more in providing industrial object-lessons that would have drawn 

the eyes of visitors, in the form of models and worLing models illustrating sonle of 

the most interesting of phases in Sew Zealand's nation-making and wealth-winning 

pursuits ; and duckland could have done most as being pre-enlinently the pioneering 

province. 

In these provi~lcial elrhibits the eye-value of contrasts, of ppt and present side by 

side, wm singularly ignored. No more striking and unforgetable illustration, for instance, 

of the enormous advances in the science of gold-mining could have been shown than a 

model of a digger with his " cradle " alongside models of a ??at hydraulic sluicing claim 

or a great battery like that of the Waihi Company at Waikino. Sinlilarly, in the frozenmeat 

trade, a model of one of the first sailing-ships fitted \rith refrigerators that carried 

carcases of mutton to London in the early da-n of the freezing business could have been 

shomd alongside a model of a modern steam leviathan that transports with ease its 

10,OC)O carcases for the English market. A model of one of the pioneer sailing-ships of 

the " forties," such as the " Tory," or the " Duchess of ,ir-le," or the " Charlotte Jane." 

together with a model of a nlapificent ocean steam-liner of to-day such as might have 

been seen ill one or twvo of the shipping companiesy eshibits. would have driven home 

as no amount of written descriptions could the enormous difference that the passing 

pears have wrought in the speed and comfort of sea-travel between the Old Land and 

the Yew.

t!! 1

1 OFFICIAL mom 

The provincial districts and subdistricts represented by courts in the Exhibition 

Building were-Auckland (with Waikato), Taranaki, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu (in Wel- 

lington Provincial District), Nelson, Marlborough, Westland, North Canterbury, South 

Canterbq (including ,4shburfon and Timaru), and ,Southland. There were also New 

Zealand's oceauic poswsions, the Cook and other Islands. Each court was arranged by 

a local committee, who devoted much labour and trouble to the obtaining of exhibits, on 

loan and otherwise, and whose efforts went a long way towards making the Exhibition 

an attractive as well as an educational exposition of the Dominion's raw ~nateriaI and 

its manufactured goods. In spite of sundry shorteomhgs -such as have and @ 

dl be indicated, the provincial courts were in the mass well representative of New 

Zealand's present sources of wealth and its obvious capacity for enorl~loudy hreashq 

that wealth in the quickly coming pears. 

AUCKL.~ Pmm,vrn*L CO~T. 

The Auckland Provincial District? with its area of nearly 14,00,000 acres, its total 

length of 365 des from the North Gape to the 39th padel, south of Lake Taup, and 

its extreme width of about 180 miles, afforded opportunity for an exceedingly varied 

exhibition of raw InateriaLq products, and manufactures. Naturally, the first thing 

the visitor acquainted with Aucklsnd expected to see exemplified was the picturesque 

aspect of this northern province, so 

full of glowing warmth and colour 

and strange sights. In this particular 

there was s good deal. to 

hold the eye, but one looked for 

more horn this favoured part of 

?daori Land, so a-ell endowed by 

nature over all its length; A beautifd 

and wonderful land, from its 

surf-beaten Land's End where the 

Xaori "Spirits' Leap," Te Rerenga- 

\teairua, dips into the kelp-strew 

sea, down through the delightful 

.. . Sorth Auckland Peninsula of balnnairs 

and subtropical hits, of omq;g01-e~ 

and vineries ; land of a thousand 

n-hite-beached ba-s, and bays 

nithill bays, rocky coasts where 

whales are chased by the half-caste 

boat-&ws ; of long tidal rivers. 

mangos-e-fringed, flecked with the 

sails of the timber-scons and ali~e 

with the hum of &at saw-mills; 

THE MAIZE TBOP~, AFC~L~ND Corn. the land of the ka& ; down to the 

Hauralii's many-islanded seas and 

the jumbled and scarred golden hills of the Commandel, and Thames? and Ohinmuri : 

.wuth\rards through the farms of the Wailiata and the once " tapu" Roheptae, where 

the hem of the New Romance, the pioneer with his we and his plough, is breaking in 

the land ; down through the fuming Gepezland and on to Tap's blue inland &a, that 

lies in the Island-heart Ue a huge tank of sapphire, with the Olympic mountain-trio of 

the Tongnrim National Park mounting guard over its southern shores. Such infinite 

variety, topographic, mineral, vegetable, Auch-land Province has to show; but one,

- 

unfortunately, looked in vain in the provincial court for some large-scale and pictorial 

map that would focus for the ito or the remarkable characteristics of the province, such 

as the Taranaki Committee. for example, had provided in their little court. 

The Auckland Court, with its subcourt of the Waikato (Aucliland's principal farming 

district), was situated to the.left of the Corridor at the rear of the Tourist Department's 

Court and the Fiji Section. The Auckland Court proper had a floor-space 

of 3,000 square feet, and the Waikato subcourt 1,500 ft. 

A trophy which caught the eye immediately one reached the court was a gilded 

obelisk representing the total output of gold for the Auckland Provincial District up to 

the 30th Apd, 1906a value-af-£14,000,000 sterling. There were ores from the different 

levels of the great Waihi Gold-mine, which ranks second amongst-the world's gold-mines. 

and a collection of specimens from the other leading quartz-mines of Commandel, Thames, 

and Ohinemuri goldfields. Other minerals yielded by the Auckland Province made a 

comprehensive display, ranging from coal-to granite. There was a fine eshibit of Coromandel 

granite in the form of an obelisk weighing nearly 3 tons ; this was exhibited 

by J. Bouskill. The Hih-arangi Coal Company showed samples of coal and buildingstone 

from North Auckland. From the Dmq Coal Company came samples of coal, 

and firebricks and pottery made from clay in the Drury district, south backland. The 

New Zealand Portland Cement Company made a display of specimens of cement in blocks, 

and cement and lime in powder, besides photographs illustrative of this important Auckland 

industry. 

A unique display, one that only Auckland can furnish, was the splendid exhibit 

of kauri-gum. This &%it and the famous fossil resin of'the kauri-of which over 

Kauri-gum. 

f12,000,0 worth has beei exported from the colony np to datx 

-was the entire collection of the Hon. E. Xtchelson, of AuJrla~ild. 

whb has been co11ecting for the past thirty pears. It included every k%d of kaurigum, 

from lumps and mugh pieces, just @ they were taken from the ,pund, to various 

. kinds of gum as ,-ded in the stores ready for e.xport, and beautifully polished specimens. 

some containing various curious objects. The kauri-gun1 fields are the gold-mines of 

the North. From south of Auclrlsnd City to the Xorth Cape the vanished kauri forests 

have left in the ,pound their legacies to man, the deposits which have come into su~h 

request for varnish-nubring in Europe and America. About three thousand people in 

the North gain their living from kauri-gum. rsuall~ it is dug from the ground, often 

it is obtained from the forks of living trees by climbing for it. An interesting experiment 

\ras rece~~tlp tried in the Hokiaw district--the tapping of stauding trees for the gum. 

The method of climnbing these bush ~uonarchs for lumps of gum is worth ren~arking on. 

A light line is thrown across one of the lower branches, and a strong pmed mpe attached 

and hauled over. Then one of the gum-hunters hauls the other up, the climber helping 

br nicking his tomaha\vk in the thick bark as he ascends, and sticking hi toes into the . 

rough crevices and uneven surface of the ,alpat tree's outer sliin. The tomahawk is used 

to detach the brittle solidified sap from the tree. The swamps md the sombre mannkaclad 

hills and flats are, however, the chief fields of the gum-digger's trade. Armed 

with a spade and a long spade-handled spear for probing in softer pound, he wanders 

over the Northland, pitching his primitive camp under the lee side of a clump of the 

taner manuka in convenient proximi* to a water-spring or a creek. In someswampy 

tracts deep drains are cut through the gum-countrp--a laborious undertaking, but one 

generally yielding a rich return. The gum is prepared for market by being scraped : 

it is then sold to the storekeepers, and by them to the duckland gam-merchants, who 

sort and grade it for export. The output of kauri-gum for 1906 was 9,154 tom, of a total 

value of e522,4.86. 

In the f d state kauri-resin occurs in lumps from the size of a walnut to that of 

a man's head or larger. Pieces have been found weighing upwards of 100 1b. When 


scraped, some of the best specimens are of a rich-brown colour. Sometimes translucent 

or even transparent specimens are found, such as were exhibited in Mr. illitchelson's 

collection ; occasionally these have leaves or small insects enclosed. When obtained 

from swamps the resin is v- dark-coloured, or even almost black, and fetches a low 

price. Transparent or semi-transparent -hens fetch hi& prices ; they are useful 

substitutes for amber in the manufacture of mouth-pieces for cigar-holders, pipes, &c. 

The pat bulk is used in the manufacture of oil varnishes, and in all countries where 

much varnish is made it holds the chief place in the market. 

The trade in kauri-,- bgan about 18-47, but its price then and for some pears 

onwards was only about £5 per ton. Sow the best kinds are worth about f 100 per ton. 

There are other competitors with kauri-,pn in the market ; some of these are from 

Zanzibar and other parts of Africa. but are not produced in sufficient quantity to offer 

effective riralq-. An important con~petitor with kauri-gum, however, has now been 

found in China. 

Besides the kauri-gum collection shorn by Mr. Mitchelson, Mr. Bennett sent a good 

exhibit of gum-specimens. Another and very beautiful collection of choice, and plied pieces of gum-that of G. W. E. Patterson and Co., of Auckland-though not in the 

Auckland Court, was to be seen a few ~ards away, in the large public mm of the Tourist 

Department. 

Auckland, with its vast extent of good pastoral counm dl before long be the 

patest wool-growing aud dair?-ing proi.ince -in the colony. At present some-millions 

of a m of excellent land--some in forest, some open fern and tutushrub 

counq-are I$np untouched and idle ; when they are opened 

and 

up and settled, and ~uade to contribute to the wealth of the natio~ 

urical- Aucliland 611 prolJ,l>- do as much trade as the two big .seaports of the 

South Island combined. Aread?- wool is a large item. Some excellent samples of ,mded 

wool, embracing con~prehensi\*e specimens of fleeces from the 1906-i season's shearing, 

were shown b~ the Auckland ITuolhrokers' Assotiition. The w a g business was not 

represented by a general provincial eshibit, but the Kaikato subcourt contained a 

,pphic and eye-arresting statelnellt of tllat district's wealth in butter and cheese. The 

Auckland Province during the Exhibition season contained 130 creameries and dairy 

factories, and had during the previous ;rear esported to Great Britain just over 

W00,O n-orth of butter and cheese. 

Agriculture \\-as repn?sented by a large make trophy stancling in the centre of the 

court, a pyramid-like corn-crib of the golden cobs, sent by the -wcultunl Society 

of Opotiki, Bay of Plenty. Optiki and the ~~eighlmuuulg clistrict of IThahtane and 

the coastal vallep extending from there to the East Cape are the principal maize-pwhg 

districts in the colony : rich. w-arm, sheltered river-flats and slopes 1.~11s well to the 

sun, where the yellow maize-fields--one of the loost beautiful sights in Kature \\-hen the 

tasselled corn-sheaths begin to unfold-nletin~es yield as much as a hundred bushels 

to the acre. 

The flax-milling business, one of Aucbnd's man>- sources of wealth, was illnstrated 

by some samples of dressed Phium tenax fibre and a case containing san~ples of 

nlanufactured rope and twine from the Grey L;mn Rope Manufacturing Company. 

J. Bums and Co., of Auckland, had a comprehensive exhibit under this head. 

The pat timber-mibg business, so pre-eminentl~ Auckland's om, and its earliest 

industry, was not nearlywell enough represented. There were some good eshibits of 

worked and dressed ornamental timbers ; A. J. Osborne showed some 

APC-'s 

beautifull;r inlaid table-tops and violins manufactured from Aucldand 

native timbers ; G. B. Beere. a handsome inlaid secretaim: and some 

IdUsm* 

carved and inliid work in various woods : and J. Bartlett sent some 

fine photographic edargementa of bush scenery and phases of the timber in dust^. Two

NEW ZEALAX?) E-OX. 

timber-milling firm?-Parker, Lamb, and Co., of Auckland, and the Taupo Totara 

Tinlher Company--contributed good examples of furniture and fancy-timber specimens, 

and polished veneers of ornamental timbers. Bnt the timber exhibit, considered as a 

whole, failed to convey an adequate idea of the immense importance of the woodsman's 

industry to the Auekland Province. The unique kauri-pine, so quickly becoming a 

timber of the past, could have been made a lea- feature of the court. What could 

have been more strikingly effective and eye-arresting than a trophy of great kauri logs 

arranged as an entrance to the Court ? Three big logs would have done, and could 

easily have been got from amongst the he trunks six or seven feet in diameter frequently 

cut by the Northern mills. Set up in the form of a huge timber arch, two on end and 

the third acIoss on. top, trilithon-fashion, the grand kauri logs would have given an individualie 

and a distinctive character to the court that it entirely lacked. For that 

matter the court could have been literally fenced with kauri logs. It would have had 

the merit of a rugged and noble simplicity. And there was an excellent opportunity for 

a display of interesting models illustrating the timber business of the North, for example 

a mode! of a timber-dam and of a typical liiuri-timber sawmill, such as the splendid 

millii establishments at Aoroa, Srstapu, Te Kopuru, Jiangawhare. and elsewhere on 

the Northern Wairoa River, the great highway of the kauri trade. Alongside a model of 

a s a d could have been shown in contrast a primitive bush saw-pit. There was 

nothing to remind one either of the immense rafta of kauri logs that trail into Auckland 

Harbour astern of towing steamers from the coastal creeks, or of the log-laden scows. 

or the pat timber-booms of the Aucbrland and east coast miUs. These are all special 

featnres of Auckland indnstrial life that would have made the court ten times more 

instrnctive as well as superficially attractire. 

The maritime business which is of such important dimensions on Auckland's great 

coast-line of many baps and harbours was represented bp an excellent collection of 

models of the Northern Steamship Company's fleet. But the very 

Auckkind*s 

large sailing-Beet of the Port of Auckland, and in particular that class 

Coasting 

of craft evolved br shipbuilders for the special exigencies of the 

Craft. 

coastal tradethe schooner-scow' caeng big deck-cargoes on a veff 

snlrrll draught of water-was not represented at all. It is this b~ small sailing-craft 

life t.hnt gives Auckland Harbour and its neighbouring island-dotted waters their own 

peci~liur character and colour. The distinctke feature of the Waitemata's shipping 

is the numerous coasting fleet, both sail and steam, schooners, scows, ketches, cutters, 

auxilizrry oil-hookers, and what not, continually passing in and out, poking into every 

lit& Lap and estuary, droghiug timber 'from the loug estuaries that tap the kauri 

forests, and maintaining communication with man? a remote settlement right up to 

the Xorth Cape. The schooner-scow is peculiar to Aucbnd; it gives it a shipcharacter 

that another class of sea-craft did in former years-the South Sea Island 

trading-schooner. There are whole fleets of scons to be seen in hckland Harbour, 

I*-g off the timber-booms, often beating up the harbour against a st8 westerly, or 

whng free merrily with everything set, and making enough white water for a man-ofwar, 

their decks piled high with great logs for the city mills. Many of the modern 

scows are large and handsome vessels ; some of these centre-board craft are rigged as 

three-masted topsail schooners, and are engaged in the timber trade between Auckland 

ports and Australia. Out of Suckland's -tal fleet of steamers and sailing-vessels, 

quite sixty are of the centreboard-scow build It was a pity that some models of this 

type of vessel, and also of the smart schooners such as those of the "Countess of -Ranf~rly 

" classl periodically k e d off the stocks at Wngaroa Harbour, were not placed 

in the maritime section of the Auckland Court. Xodels of the beautiful yachts for 

which Auckland builders are famous might also have been procured to complete a 

pecnliarlp interesting and picturesque northern indw. The only model shown


&ides those of the Northern Company's steamers was a handsome model of a ship's 

dinghy. shown by Mr. C. C. Dacre; it was stated that this little dinghy was bdt by 

a seventeen-year-old boy. 

Another AucJhnd industry of special character was also lo& sight of-shore-whdhg- 

The unique method of whale-catching pmed at Rhanpmumu, near Cape Bmtt, by 

setting long lines of strong nets in the inshore track of the humpback whales when they 

are moving tropic-wards in June and July, and then lancing them when they are entangled 

in the great nets, has been frequently described. Something might have been done 

to illustrate this singular device for conqu- Mathan, which has particuhdp 

interested such an experienced whaleman as Mr. F d Bullen. 

Aucliland's fishing industq was represented b~ samples of canned mullet and shellhh. 

A novelty in this section was the exhibit of canned toheroa, a large kind of clam, 

cockle-shaped, found on the west coast beaches near Kaipara Heads. 

hn,& the misdhneous exhibits sent from Aucbd were plans and photographs 

of the Waitematxi Harbour, and of the wharf and dock works, sent by the 

huckhnd Harbour Board. 

Included in the Northcm Company's attractive exhibit were a number of excellent 

photo,pphic enlargements of scenF on the Korth Auckland coast. Other beautiful 

photographic pictures gave the visitor a good general idea of the beauties by land 

and sea throughout the Auclrland Province. Some good pictures of yachting scenes 

in the Hauraki Gulf impressed one nith the beauty and shapeliness of the sailing-craft 

lxlonging to the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, which has its headquarters at 

duckland, and with the splendid opportunities n-hich these sheltered island-studded 

seas afford for pleasuring on the water. 

A novel Auclrland industqr, and a particularl~ iuteresting one, represented in the 

court was ostrich-farming. It is no doubt new tu rnally Eew--Zealandm to learn that 

on an ostrich-farm near Auckland there are now sollle eight hundred bid, and that the 

raising of ostriches is being camed out on a very coi~lplete and successful scale. This 

farm is the property of the Helvetia Ostrich-farini~~g Canlpany, represented by lessrs. 

L. D. Sathan aiid Co., of Auckla~id, who sent an excellent exhibit of ostrich-feathers, 

plumes, tips, feather boas, and eggs. There were also some sded ostrich chicks and a 

number of photos of the farm. 

Auckland being br far the richest of New Zealand proviiices in historic interest and 

in Naori alitiyuities and war-relics aiid roinancc, the historical side of this court 

naturally was e-xpectd to Le of some magnitude. It was confined 

chiefl- to Maori weapons and other handiwork, and in this respect 

the 

made a reall? fine shoa, due to the fact that the splcndid collection of 

Maori. 

penstone weapons and omanleiits and wrious laori inlplements gifted 

mail?- yeam ago to the Civ of duckland by the late Sir George Grey was loailed by 

the tie authorities for the Exhibition. This collection is housed in the duckland Art 

Gallery ; it was shown iu the Exhibition in large glass cases. Particularly fine were the 

peenstone weapons and ornaments, probably the most handsome specimens of Maorimqht 

pouwtnu in European hands. One beautiful pestone mere, or sharp-edged 

war club, was once the property of the celebrated Southern chief Tuhawaiki, whom 

stronghold was Ruapulie Island, in Fovea- Strait. Another, a splendid polished 

\reapon 16 in. in length, carries a story of Auciiland's early life, when the embryo City 

of the Korth was threatened b~ warlike Native tni It was laid at Sir George Grey's 

feet (Grey was then the Governor of Xew Zealand) at Constitution Hill, Auckland, in 

1851, by the head chief of the Ngatipaoa Tribe, of the Hauraki Gulf, in token of submission; 

the Hgatipaoa and allied tribes hsd invaded the town in their war-canoes. but 

prudently "backed down" before the guns of a British frigate in the harbour and the 

nluskets of the militia. Probably the most interesting of all the antiquities in the

collection was the sacred atua-hmara, or sweet-potato guardian-god, called " Slatuatongs," 

given to Sir George over half a century ago by the priests of the Arawa Tribe, 

Rotoma. The atw is a small med image of a dark-reddish stone ; it is said to have 

been brought to New Zealand six centuries ago in the Arawa canoe from the South Sea 

Islands. " Stua-tonga" was kept on Mokoia Island, the Olympus of the Arawas, in 

Lake Rotoma, and for generation after generation it was revered as a symbol of the 

powers of nature which i n d the fertility of the knmar8-dtiv8tio118, for which that 

beautiful little island was famous. Other tmmnms of the ancient d of them 

bestowed upon "Good Governor Grey" at one time or another by his chiefbin friends 

of the Maori tribes-included a very rare rcrka~whakapparanga, or notched wooden 

genealogical stick ; a &&re, or shell-trumpet ; some splendid tikis, or carved neck-pendants 

of greenstone ; carved kuWt or d e n bowls ; carved canoe-bailers ; beautifully 

carved ppa, or wooden boxes in which chiefs kept the head-dress feathers with 

which they adorned themselves on important Occasions ; black basalt-stone palus, or 

meres; bone flutes; bone and wooden fish-hooks, and many another weapon and 

htensil of olden Maoridom. 

In the section of Maori art there was also a carved paiiab or storehouse, fronted 

with some rare realistic carved figures, the work of old-time Native artists in the Bay 

of Plenty district. This was exhibited by J. Larsen, of Auckland. 

Many other aspects of Aucklsnd's early history could, however, have been illustrated, 

pictorially and by models and otherwise, as, for example, a model to scale 

of Xount Eden (the ancient Maungawhau Pa), or other hill-fort, showing the wonderful 

industry, perseverance, and military skill with which the ancient Maori inhabitants of 

the site of duckland scarped and terraced every one of the many round volcanic cones 

that stud the beautiful isthmw of Tamaki-maliau-rau. No one has yet attempted a 

model pa of this sort, but it has been more than once suggested in Auckland. Another 

and much more recent phase of Buckland's history could have been exemplified most 

picturesquely by a model of one of the numerous blockhou~es and redoubts that were 

' 

erected along the frontier in Waikato after the war of 1863-64, for the defence of the 

infant European settlements against the hostile Kiqite Maoris who lived beyond 

the pale of the auhi-line. These blockhouses, with loopholed walls and overhanging 

upper story, were commanding landmarlis for many .ears after the wars, perched on 

hilltops along the borders, but not one now remains ; and a replica of one such as that 

which stood till recent years on the famous battlefield of Orakau would have memorised 

for New-Zealandem those anxious days when the furthest-out farmers of the Wailrato 

stood their ground in spite of many an alarm of murder and war. In these days of 

prosperity and peace, when the Xaori's war-tomahawk is a museum curio, we should 

gratefully remember the pioneers who made this land fit to live in. 

From the Waikatds beautiful stretch of valley-and-plain country extending 

southwards from within forty miles of duckland City, and covering the watershed of 

the finest and most historic of Xem Zealand rivers--came a splendid display of agricultural 

and pastoral products, very comprehensively illustrating the wealth-produciq 

capacities of this one-time garden of the Khgite &oris. In w&l there were numerous 

he fleeces from Leicester, Romnep k h , and Lincoln sheep ; in grains there were wheat 

and oats of ,pod quality, and Cape barley ; and excellent samples of butter and cheese 

turned out for export by the Wailiato factories represented a great staple of south duckland's 

industry. Other articles of produce were some ,pod dressed flax-fibre ; various 

Waikato timbers ; honey in the comb and in bottles ; coal, stone, &ax, timber, and 

maim from the Raglan County (which lies between the Waikato River and the west

d) ; nines and wattle-bark from the Government vineyards and tree-phtatio~ 

at Waerenga, south Buckland ; and from Te hha two such diverse eshibits as 

bacon and mineral waters from the hot springs. There were exhibits of sand-soap, 

fire bricks and clay, pumice, concrete, and Inany another article, each represent;nS an 

hldus@r of solid value to the province. 

Of the exhibits from Xaikato worth special mention, the chief \r8s the excellent 

exposition by means of a statistical statement of progress during the past six years, and 

by a substantial trophy of the great dair$ng in dust^ that brings the Waikato most 

of its hard cash. The output of butter from the dairy factories of the district since 1900 

\\-as set out as follows : 1901, E170,00(1; 190'2, £211.000 : 1903,3239,000 ; 1% E270,000; 

1905, e307,OO. (These fiPm represe~~t the total output including that of butter sold 

for local cons~~mption.) The d+ trophy consisted of a structure of butter-boxes of 

kahiliatea or n-hite-pine. represent& twentj--sis factories in the districts of which 

Hamilton. Cambridge. and Te Awamutu are the chief business centres. But sonth 

Aucklaiid's butter-and-cheese production, and also its arailable pra+~-acreage for 

sheep, are at present only a fraction of what the? nil1 be n-hen the pat back co~mw 

of the Rohepotae is made full? available for settlement, and when from Te Awamutn 

right do\\-11 to the Mokau, the hole of that district. served by the Mahi Trunk 

Railway and its feeding-roads, will be one ,pat pasture for cattle and sheep. The 

,mter part of this beautifill volcanic and limestone country is still unsettled and 

n-aste. mncb of it in Naori hands. 

There \vent sa111ples of good wines illade from the escellellt ,ppes ,mmm at 

IYaerenp, the Government's experimental nufse~ and xlneyard near the banks 

of the lower 11-aikato River, and two tolls of splendid eating-grapes of various hinds 

from this \inen- were brought to Chistchurch towards the end of the EGbiti011 season 

by the 1-iticultural Division of the Agricultural Ikpartnient ; those for sale were disposed 

of as soon as the cases were opened. This Kaerenga was " poor " kauri-gum 

clay land. bought by the Goven~n~ent at 10s. per acre ; but it yields four tons of Golden 

~hasselas ,grapes to the acre. 

Three good heads of fallow deer from the Yaunpka\va Ranges, near Can~bridge, 

\rhich \\-ere exhibited at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. adorned the walls of the conrt 

and t?-pified the sport of the district. In Maori handicraft there \\-ere soine well-woven 

flax n~ats of the soft sillri fibre, hand-dressed, u-hich the white miller with all his 

appliances cannot riral. There n-as besides a no~el little exhibit of Maori pattern but 

n-hite n~an's make. a beautiful model of a war-canoe. such as --ere seen in former dars 

on the IVaikrto River, xi-itb spiralled figure-head, carved stempost, paddles, and all 

-complete : this \:as the n-orbanship of H. 11-right - St. Clair, of N,pmawahia. To cap 

Kaikato's escellent show there were pod photographic enlargements picturing the 

industries of the district and some of its best farms and farnl-stock. 

T-*AS-4 KI. 

Pictorially and te-stually the beauty and fertilitc of the Taranalii Prorincial astrict 

sere \d advertised in a sightly little court. or, rather, corner, whose neat arrangenient 

and attractiveness made one wish for more of Taranaki There was no room in 

the tiny court for the display of huge trophies of butter and cheese. piled sacks of ironsand, 

and other samples of the particular riches of Taranahi ; the Sew Pl-m~outh cornmittee 

had instead devised an effective method of publicity which consisted chidyof 

large picture-maps, photographs, and sketches, and booklets and leaflets setting forth 

the ad\-antap of this province of nearly two million and a half acres for the traveller and 

the settler. Historically and topographicall?- Taranaki holds an interest unique. It 

has been the theatre of more warfare than perhaps an?- other district in these Islands ;

and the stout-hearted settlers from Devon and Cormall who first set up their homes 

here and hewed the dense bush away had to fight their way through a terrible period 

of murder and foray-the Maori -1-3 of 1860 to 1869. Everywhere there are old re- 

doubts, sites of bush-forts, and battle-,mmds. Evq mile almost has its sacred memoq- 

of the wars. To-day the lovely peaceful province contributes very largely to the nation's 

wealth. Its great daiying business brings it in annually from overseas something We 

three-quartern of a million sterling ; then it has its large businesses of aool-growing, 

meat--a, timber and flax milling, and so on. Its white population, once almost 

swept into the sea by the Maori warrior-bands, now numbers about 44,000. 

Youn EGXOAT, TARAXAKI. 

[From the Painting by E. W. Christmas1 

Tarnnaki's highl?- picturesque outline of coast and mountain was well indicated in 

the excellent large coloured wall-maps a-hich at once attracted the eye as the court a-as 

approached ; the two largest of these each measured 8 ft. 6 in. square. The maps 

illustrated the ph~siopphy, geolop-. resources, industries, and even the history of the 

province. The large pictorial map shorved the fine pastures that encompass the ,pnd 

mountain, and red and blue streaks stretching away inland indicated the roads and the 

main rivers. The laqe district map showed the nature of the country, the uses to which 

it is being put, the chef cattle and sheep districts, the mineral zones, aud the lands that 

hare pet to be brought under settlement. An industrial map indicated in colouts the location 

of the various daii factories, freezing-works, bacon-factories, sawmills, and other

works ; and other maps showed the boundaries of 1 4 governmental bodies' dbtri~ts 

and the schools and post-offices. A historical map showed the sites of the various foaified 

pas and dlagea. past and present, of the lKaori tribes in Taranalii. On either side of 

the rear wall were two large panels lettered with the values of different Taranaki industries 

for the past twenky-five years, and the values of the various of land in 

the province. On the side walls were photoEpphic euhgements illustrative of the 

tourist resoums and sceuic beauties of the province from the Mount Egmont National 

Park to the Mokau River. 

Taranalti's ph.pical character combines charm of landscape with fruitfulness of soil 

iu a high degree ; the two. in fact. almost seem interdependent, for the very feature of 

the province that gives it its chiefest quality of scenic grandeur is also 

The the pat source of its productiveness-the splendid mountain-peak of 

Epnt. Lifting away up to the clouds in a gracefull J-tapering white 

spear-head, its gentler slopes covered with blue forests, its massive 

base falling ,ptly awa? into the well-wooded and richly pastoral lands, Egmont 

is indeed. as it looLc, the Mountain Father of the promce. Far removed from other 

high moo~~ntains, it stands alone, commanding and enriching all that , dy region that 

curves iu a sn-eeping half-moon of coast-line round from Faitam in the north to Pafa 

in the south, a snov landinark for the sailor a hundred miles out in the Tasman Sea. 

shapely a volcanic cone as Ten& or Japan's sacred mountain, its 8,260 ft. of 

height seenu even more, so much does its remoteness from other peaks appear to 

magnify its altitude as well as its rnajestp of form. It \ras rather a pity, perhaps, 

that the court did not contain. in addition to its photo,pphic pictures, sorue work 

ill colours that would hare given the stranger an adequate idea of the majesty of form 

aud beaut;r of hue of the ancient Puke-hauppa. However, not very far away, on the 

outer wall of the Tourist Department's Court, there hung a painting by Nr. E W. 

Christmas, which showed Tarauak's peak just as one often sees it, with the wispy. clouds 

floating ahnt its snow-tipped summit and hazy blues etherealisig its gentle base 

\\-here the timbr-la~rds and pastures meet. 

Hany thi~qp s?mbolized Taranak's solid prosperie to-day, fro111 panels lettered 

with the aggregate values of difIerent industries of the pro~irrce for the past twenty 

five ?-ears to various articles of ironware manufactured from the black titarlifernus 

sand that corers the Taranaki beaches from the Yohu River mouth down to Pates. 

These vast clepits of ironsaild now lie waste and unutilised, but this at present refractoq- 

nlineral is the prophesied source of enormous future n-ealth: and the is very 

pos"bl?- close at halid hen on Tarann)ii's shorn n-ill be seer1 large iron-fou~ldries, and 

\vllcn these black sea-sar~ds and the pat iron-ores of Parapara in Kelson nill furnish 

Sew 7mland with all the pig-iron and the steel which she has to-day to import fro111 

the other end of the world. Another source of possible peat wealth in the future is 

Tarnnaki'k petroleum : a six-foot-high rnodel of the petroleuln bore .and demck at 

Xoturoa near Xen- Plynlouth was placed on view in the court. 

Trout-fishing. to be enjoyed in the nunlerous clear strealus that flow fro^:^ Xomt. 

Epnont. is oile of Taraualii's special attractions, and two fine specimens of rainbowand 

bro\\-~l trout caught in the district were shown 

An interesting framed picture, a copy of an old en,mviug, carricd one back to the 

wild early dams of Tarallah. It represented the landing from the schooner " Triton " 

of one of the piorleer missionaries, the Rev. C Creed, with his wife, on the Taranaki 

beach. near where the tom of Kew Pl?mouth now stands, in 1841. In the picture, 

ME. Creed is being carried ashore through the surf from the schooner's boat b~ a band 

of seven &ori girls, all naked to the waist, and on the beach a crowd of mat-garbed 

h'atives are waiting to welcome the " mihinare " and his lady. 

The decorative effect of this little court was largely due to the hendsome front,

a masterpiece of rhu-pine joinq manufactured at the Ken- Pl-mouth Sash and Door 

Factoq; it formed part of this factory's exhibit at the recent Taranaki Industrial 

Exhibition. The colours in which the court was hished were in fine harmony, and 

palms and potplants were set on a whiteemmeUed str;p of flooring. 

Visiton to the court were preaentecl with an attractive illustrated booklet entitled 

" Taran&, the Garden of New ZeaIanv con- a short hiat~ry and general description 

of the province+ by Bbr. S. Percy Smith, F.R.G.S., with a little tourist-gnide to 

Taranaki as an appendix, by Mr. W. J. Penn. Leaflets were also distributed seting 

forth the physical advantages, climatic and other, which Taranaki possesses. Amougst 

the facts set out in this it was mentioned that Tmmaki's chief industries were 

dairy, cattle, sheep, and general farming ; butter and cheese mandadme., meat-freezingy 

taming, wool-scouring, bric-, and timber-working. Taranaki's annual exports 

total ElY000Q00, of which butter yields 2650,000 ; the province contains over 120,000 

dairy cows and nearly half a million sheep ; its grain-crops give the following yields per 

acre-wheat 36 bush&, oats 48 bushels, bade? 66 bushels, and maize 50 bushels. The 

province has total area of 2*430,000 scres, of which onl~ a little more than half is at 

present occupied ; there is an area of something over a &on acres of good land still 

waiting for settlement. In 1906 there were in the province eightynine butter-factories 

and eleven cheese-factories, with eightyone skimming-stations, nearly all of them 

owned and run on co-operative lines br the farmers who supply the m;k The output 

for the 1- season was 7.250 tons of butter and 413 tons of cheese ; the butter-output 

was about one-third that of the \\-hole colo11~. At h'ew Plymouth, Patea. and Waitara 

there *re freeing-n-orb and cold-storage for dai~ producers. Side by side with 

dairyin& a large bacon iudustr?- is carried om 

The Haa-ke's Ba?- proviacial exhibit co~lsisted very largely of an escelle~it display 

of the great fruit-growing aid wine-producing capabilities of t b \\.ell-favoured district ; 

but, while much prominence was given to these two important branches of industry, 

the ,pat wool-growing business that is the mai~lsta? of Hawkeys Bay was also well 

represented. No part of Sew Zealand is so well fitted by nature for hun~an mupation 

as this large province, with its wide open plains free of all bush, its rich soil. and its gentle 

slope ton& the sun. n'o part of We\r Zealand is better suited for daii-fa- and 

fruit-growing, and its rich flats uear the sea and hill^ countq- as one travels westward 

give unequalled pasture for sheep and cattle. The total area of the province is 

about three lllillion acres, extendi~q fro111 the east coast back to the nlountains of the 

Ruahiue and Kallnauawa Ib~iym. There are something over three million sheep in 

the province. 

In the construction of this court no elaborate decorative scheme \\-as followed, 

but the exhibit won man>- praises for ity sWul and eye-pleasing arrangwment. The 

wine-and-fmit section occupiecl a loi~g frontage ; a pat deal of this was devoted to a 

display of fruits of all ];in& produced in the celebrated Frinde~ Orchards, near Hastings, 

which amoq other fruit-areas contains 150 acres of peach-trees alone. There were 

canned frnits of evev bid arraqed in tiers, and the general attractiveness of the 

displa~ and the well-horn escellent qualities of the contents of the tins made one 

wonder wh? Sew-Zedandem ever buy imported American canned fruits. Various 

kinds of pure fruit-jams were shorn besides fruit-pulps, tomto-sauce, canned tomatoes 

and green peas, all from Frknlq. The wines from the vinepards of this land of sunshine 

made s pretty display in the western end of the northern frontage and on the southern 

side. These wines came from the vinepards at Greenmeadom, Te Mats (near Havelock), 

and the Meeanee Mission Station. Pure ,gape-wines of various hds were

OFFICIAL RECORD

included ; amongst those from the Roman Catholic bion Station at Meeanee were 

special altar wines ; the Mission also made a display of honey produced on its farm. 

The wine industry of the province was further illustrated by means of photos of the 

vineyards and the processes adopted in the mannfactare of these pure-quality wines. 

The exhibits of wines from Greenmeadows were from B. Steinmeta and Mis. Rsndell, 

and those of Te ildata were hm B. Chambers ; J. N. Williams, of Hsstings, also made 

a good exhibit of pure grape-wines. 

A pretty display of another kind was J. Horton's exhibit from his nursery-gardens 

in Has'tings, conskhg of evergreen and native trees and shrubs in pots, and flowers 

and fruit, beaides native tree and fern seeds. Close by, two cases contained some 

beautifnl examples of the Maori weaving art, mab-or, rather, cloaks-of the finest 

dressed and coloured flax, and others covered with feathers of native birds, chiefly the 

kiwi and the pigeon. These splendid native garments were lent by several Maoris of 

the province. The dairy industry of Hawke's Bay was represented by exhibits of 

butter from the following dairy factories : Crown Dairy Factory, Woodville ; Beattie, 

Lai and Co., Dannevirke; Dannevkke Co-openrtive Dairy Company (Limited); 

Norsewood Co-operative Dairy Company ; N. Niolison (Alpha Dairp Factory) ; Weber 

Waione Dairy Company (Limited), Weber ; Excelsior Dairy Company, Napier ; and the 

Heretaunga Dairy Factory, Hsstings. A number of merino flm of the best quality 

and samples of other wools were shown. Tinned meats and asks of tallow illustrated 

the meat-raking industries of the province. Grains of various sorts, with some good 

samples of psa-seeds, and hops grown at the Riverslea hop-gardens, near Elasti1.473, 

completed the agricultural don. ' Of mbcdaneous exhibib, one that attracted the 

eye was a display of furniture made from Hawke's Bay rimu-pine by 8. E. Aahton, of 

Hapier. The White Swan Brewery Company of Xapier made a good exhibit in the 

form of columns of beer-kegs, 

Various park of the Hawke's Bay Court contained large photographs that gave 

the visitor an excellent idea of the natural beauties as well as the solid - productiveness 

of the provillce. 

A sectional industrial exhibit of some merit came from Dannevirke, the important 

town and farming district of southern Hawke's Bay, which, as its name indicatesD was 

founded by Danish settlers. Danes and Scandinavians were the men who conquered 

the " Seventy-mile Bush," and planted a number of settlements in that great wilderness 

of forest where to-day rich dairy farms cover much of the land. One day thirtp-five 

years ago-the exact date was the 16th September, 1872-two sailing-ships bringing 

Scandinavian immigrants dropped anchor at Napier within a few hours of each oth~r ; 

neither had sighted the other during the long voyage from North Europe. One, the 

" HZivding," was from Nomy and Denmark; the other, the " Ballarat," brought 

mostly Danish families. Their arrival was the response to efforts made by the New 

Zealand Government to induce Scandinavian and Danish agriculturists to settle in the 

colony. The newcomers took up land in the dense bush districts now Eown as Danne- 

virke, Norsewood, Makotuhx~, and Ormondville. Dannevirke itself was fomded by 

twenty-two pioneers, of whom fourteen were Danes, six Norwegians, and two Swedes. 

The appropriate name-" Danesy-Work "+ven to the little settlement which they 

stout-heady hewed out of the immense forests commemorated an incident in ancient 

Danish history, the erection of a frontier line of forts by King Gottrick in the ninth 

century as a protection against foreLon invasion; it was to that chain of fortresses 

(in Schleswig, lost to Germany in 1864) that the name " Dame-vitke " was originally 

given. Dannevirkeys exhibit contained chiefly articles which appealed specially to the

farmer and the bushman. One item was a recent1.r patented haystack-cover n~ade of 

metal, designed for handy and speedy use in an unexpected rainstorm. This was shown 

by Morgan and Company (ThGted), of Dannevirke ; a nlodel haystack was shown 

alongside the full-sized article, with a model cover on it showing the method of fastening. 

Collett and Son made a display of sawmibg plant of all hinds. Saddlery and harness 

were shown by E. A. Ransom and A Johnston, of Dannevirke. The Dannevirke Cooperative 

Association and Gordon, Chamon, and Co. showed some massive and beautifully 

finished furniture in fignrexl rimu and other New Zealand woods. The hperative 

Association's exhibit was a wardrobe of Louis XIY swe, in rim and mottled kauri ; 

the other furniture &bit comprkd a handsome sideboard of puriri and rimu and a 

hall-stand of the same timbers. J. C. Davidson showed a patent double-hinge snatchblock, 

speciall~ made for hauling-purposes. Other Dannevirlie inventions on exhibition 

included a folding deliverybox and a hand^ cheese-cutter, sent by S. T. Smith. 

The name of Wanganui has pleasant associations for the traveller who has steamed 

or canoed along New Zealand's most beautiful rirer. It brings up mind-pictures of 

huge caiion-waterways where the strong deep stream of the Wanganui rolls down between 

papa clifh, of singular straightness, smooth-shaven at the base and feathered higher with 

the most delightful mingling of ferns and dewy mosses and shrubs, and topped br the 

,pnd forest ; where the launches and steamers shoot a hundred rapids in their voyaging 

between Taumarunui and Wanganui tom ; whew Maori canoes swing merrily down 

with the quick current, or pole up the rapids and su-ift reaches : and little Maori churchspires 

rise from villages that are half-buried in tree-,goves. This ,-nd river, with it4 

I40 miles of navigable course, is Wanpnui's p t scenic glory, aud the river-fleet that 

uses this fine inland waterway (made navigable to its present head of traffic at the 

expenditure of *many thousands of pounds of Go~ernment money) brings lunch dyertisement 

and profit to the pre- town that sta~ids near the river-mouth. But, apart 

from its rirer, Wanganui is a district of many solid qualities. It is a prosperous 

agricultural and pastoral country, well served by the Wellington-New Plrvmouth 

Railway that traverses it, and it contributes a good deal to the colony's wealth and the 

list of products exported. 

The court in khich Wanggnui's products and manufactures as well as its charms of 

scenery were set out covered a space of about 1,300 square feet. Many of Dento~l's 

artistic porhaits and other photographs adorned the of the court. Another set of 

photographs was of a more prosaically commercial character, picturing the Wa-nui 

Xeat-freezing Company's works and the lighters used to convey the meat, &c., to the 

big English steamers that anchor outside in the roadstead. This conlpany also showed 

specimens of its canned preserved meats and meat-exqract. and fertilisers and other 

by-products from its works, together with photopph~ denlo~istrating t.he results of 

the use of the fertilisers. The Mephan Ferguson Steel Pipe Company showed samples 

of the patent locking-bar steel pipes now being largely used in municipal works in New 

Zealand. The Southern Cross Bit Company, of Kanpnui, made an inviting show 

of its manufactures, exhibiting every stage in the process of biscuit-making, from the 

wheat and the flour to the fmished dainties of various bds. Joseph Soler sent sanlples 

of wines made from Wanganui-,orown grapes. A. C. Robertson, of CastleclS, contributed 

a mantelpieoe carved in wood after the art-patterns of the Maori. Of other 

Wanganui products and manafactnres, J. G. Swan and Co., brewers, exhibited their 

bottled stoat ; Whitlock and Sons, muces, pickles, cordials, &e. ; D. Murray and Son, 

a wool-press ; and H. J. Jones and Son, books and stationery of various kinds.

JuY~rn-mu. 

The only exhibit representative of the Wellington Provincial District mas the little 

court of the JIanawatu district, on the west coast of the province. The district whose 

products were here set out has an area of about a million and three-quarters acres, 

stretching from the sea to the Tararua and Ruahine Ranges. Once it was nearly 

everywhere covered n-ith dense forest which has now in most parts given place to wellgrassed 

dairy farms and sheep and cattle runs. Through the district run the Manawatu, 

Rangitikei, and Otaki Rivers and their tributaries. Over a million and a quarter 

sheep and about two hu~dred thousand cattle are depastured in this country, and the 

output of butter from the dairy factories is worth half s million sterling. The popnla- 

tion of the district is almut fifty thousand. The principal town, Palnlerston Xorth, 

which has a population of over ten thousand, is the largest country tomq in New Zealand, 

is a great market centre for live-stock of all kinds, and holds the largest agricnitursl 

and pastoral shows in the Xoah Island. 

The pxhibits of the court covered every branch of industry of this progressive 

district. The dairying business was naturally well in front with exhibits of well-known 

brands of butter sent by the Yew Zealand Farmers' Dairy Union and others. The 

flax-milling industry, which is of particularly large dimensions in this district on account 

of the e-xtensive areas of splendid flas on the low-lying lands near the coast, was illnstrated 

by specimens of d r d hemp from Foxton, one of the most important flasnill 

ling centres in New Zealand. Of miscellaneous exhibits there were a violin and 

case made from New Zealand woods by a Feilding resident : butter-boxes, tallow and

eer caslcs from Palmerston h'orth ; cream-separators ; sauces and pickles ; furniture 

inlaid in New Zealand woods ; and specimens of the output of the Palmerston North 

timber-factories. 

Some of the articles shown were the inventions of the exhibitors ; among& them 

was a wool-press which it was claimed would enable one man to do the work of ten. The 

court was illuminated with gas produced from volatile oil, by a plant which was the 

invention of a Palmz&on North resident. 

The Manawatu Conrt occupied 1,000 square feet, and was under the charge of 

Mr. D. iUacpherson. 

XARLBOROUGH. 

The court devoted to the exhibits from the Marlborough Provincial District was 

situated at the corner of the western avenue, just opposite the Concert Hall. Though 

small in space and without an? pretentious decorations, the province's exhibit was neat 

and displayed with some taste. A heav balustrade surrounded the court ; above them 

were decorations of grain on draping3 of blue and white. An excellent display of 

wool illustrated one of Marlborough's staple industries. Then came a comprehensi~e 

exhibit of pins and seeds of all kinds shown in bushel samples interspersed with 

sheave of wind-resisting barley; butter and cheese, root-mops, timber, hemp. and wine. 

In woo1 a particularly h e display was made, for Marltorough flocks are noted for 

their remarkablr fine qualities of fleece. The annual export of wool from the province 

totals about 13,000 bales. Amongst the fleeces exhibited was one which obtained a 

first prize at the St. Louis World's Fair. Hr. C. Goulter, of Hawkesbury, Bleaheim,

who has @ for many yesrs a very successful exhibitor of wool showed a glass case 

cont9- two gold medals and thirty-& silver medals, silver cups, and diplomas, 

gained by him for his wool displays at various competitions. 

Jn a collection of goat-skins prepared for mats was a h e soft 'silky-haired Angora 

sliin, showing the suitabili9 of these s b for mg-maljng. Two half-bred-kid skins 

alongaide it showed the intermediate quality.- Angoras thrive on mountainous country, 

and those who have had anything to do with these animals say that they are exceedingly 

useful for stations where there is much rough eounm. 

Marlborough is famous for its splendid barlep-none better in the world. The 

principal exhibits of barley were made by Messrs. H. D. Vavasour, of Ugbrooke ; D. 

Biihell, of Blenheim ; McCallum Bm., of Blenheim ; and the New Zealand Loan and 

Jiercantile Apenc!- Conlpany (Linlitecl), on account of clients. Oats and peas of fine 

quality were shown hr 3iessrs. Bishell : James Gane. of Spring Creek ; A. .W. .Jackson, 

of Hlenheinl : JIcC'allu~a Bros. : d. Rose, of Kegworth : and T. Tapp, of Blenheim. 

Sonle first-class cheese was shown by the f aitohi Co-operative Dairy Con~pan?- 

(Limited), Tuahrina. Messrs. Browdee and Co.. of the Pelorus Sounds SaG~nills, 

Havelock. sent some large planks of sawn ri~nu (red-pine), matai (black-pine), and 

kahikatea (white-pine). In flax-hemp, three bales of beautiful fibre made at Langley 

Dale, Marlborongh. were sent by W. ,%dams. flax--miller. Two excellent bales of 

fibre made from the native flax were shown as examples of the output from the 

Hillersden mill. 

There were some well-woven Maori mats and cloaks. made of flax-fibre, coloured 

with dyes made from the hark of trees, by the Xatires of Spring Creek, Wairau ; and a 

-

SEW ZEdLAND RxEIBm0,Y. 

novel exhibit in the form of a pair of paraerae or s&dals, such as kere worn by the 

Jdmris in fonner times, made of unbleached flax-leaves, with plaited flax tie-strings. 

Amongst the miscellaneous exhibits were various Ends of Iocall~ made wines. A 

curious and valuable historic relic was a Captain Cook bronze medal? piclied up in East 

Bay, Queen Charlotte Sound. 

-VELSOX. 

"Sunny Xbn," the land of fruit-orchards and hop-gardens, was represented 

in the northern section of the Main Building. The province's exhibit occup~ed but a 

small space--31 ft. by 16 &.-but it covered pretty well the main resources and indus- 

tries of the district. The mineral wealth of the province-a district soon probably to 

be the scene of a great iron industry-was represented by an excellent collection of ore- 

specimens. Photographs of the City of Nelson and various parts of the beautiful 

province, with its ~nountains and its forests and its pleasant bays, made adornment in 

the court ; views calculated to make many a traveller pap a visit to Yelson, if only to 

see the pretty tom set betmi-st the uiountains and the ocean, the tom of sunshine, 

fruit., and flowers, rith its half-srlvan, half-seaside chams,- 

Bluo form? sea. high circling hills 

With clrea~ning garden-squares between. 

An oltl-World fragnmnce breathing soft 

Amid the -ring ,wn. 

Nelson literally hung its banner on the outward wall: for a flag with the words " Sunnp 

Nelson "--a title which the little cit.y well deserves-was diilaped. beiring also the 

sum of the dailr sunshine recod for 1905 and 1906.

In the mineral section there ww specinlens of coal from the Xurehison, Pupnga, 

and Westport mines, and specimens of various native ores, including native copper, 

oxides, carbonates, and -des. From Parapara, Golden Bay, now becoming famous 

for its immense iron- deposits, there were samples of hmatite iron-ore, and two 

natural " pots " of pure iron. Granite, asbestos, and ,penstone, collected from various 

portions of the province, formed a portion of the exhibit. The output of gold won in 

the province up to June, 1906, was represented by a number of gilded wooden blocks. 

The district's excellent buildmg and ornamental native timbers were represented b;r 

saluples. An interesting collection of Mkri implements and ornaments, discorered 

in the Takaka district, was lent by the owner for inclusion in the pro~incial exhibit. A 

map of the Takaka district, famous for its minerals, was displayed. 

Hop-,mffing, a leading industry in Xelson, particularly on the fertile Kaimea 

Plains, was represented by several bales of hops and a number of growing hop-plants. 

Manufactures wexe represented by samples of the fine jams and sauces for which 

Nelson has won celebrit~ ; bj- spice, biscuits, confectioner;r, flour, wheatmeal, cordiils. 

aerated watem hop-leer, and porter. 

At the end of the court was a pedestal bearing a bust of Lord X-elson, n-bich was 

presented to the local branch of the x a League ~ by the Rer. E. 8. Uattheas, 

Secretary of the British and Foreign Sailors' Society. 

The fine deer-stalking which the back couniq affords was illustrated br two wddeer 

heads, ro~als, mounted at one end of the court. 

The business 6nns who exhibited in the court included-Kirkpatrick and Co., jam, 

&c. : Griffin and Sons, biscuits and confectionq ; E. Bu-ton and Co. hops ; J. R. 

Dodson, cordials, &c, ; the Xehn Chid office, printing ; G. Prirpnell. flour and other 

milling products. 

XORTH C;LERBURY. 

A display of a hiihl? picturesque and in some respects unique character \%-as that 

made by the Xorth Canterbv district committee, en~bracing in its scope all that ,wnd 

stretch of agricultural and pastoral country extending from the southern boundaq of 

Jdarlbomqh Provhc-e right. down to the Ashburton. The court occupied a space 

105 ft. ill length by &I ft. in depth, in the northern division of the Main Building. Its 

decorcrti\-e schen~e included beautiful ferns set ahout the court, and pillars and arches 

conlposed of shares of what and oats, varied br bundles of the long green leax~es of the 

native flas. In addition to a coulprehensive eshibition of the natural wealth of the 

district. there n-as a partidarl?. interesting early-histov section. besides some reuwrliable 

natural-histov specimens and a number of relief models. 

Of n-001, dairyproduce. and ,& there were displa~ befitting the rich district 

that centres i Christchwrh City. There n-as a splendid collection of san~ples of wool. 

t~tallinp 258 fleeces and seven bales, the product of some of the best-known South 

Tsland sheep-runs. This wool-displar \\-as possibly the finest in the Eshibition, and in 

the judges' awards received the hi,&& possible number of marlis. The n-ool consisted 

of representatire fleeees. comprising ram, ewe, and hogget wool of various ages and 

the following classes : Fie-combing merino, strong-combing merino, Lincoln, English 

Leicester, Border Leicester, Romne? Marsh, Shrophire, Southdown, Ryeland, Half-bred 

(first cross), Comedale, crossbred (three-quarter-bred'), crossbred (seven-eighths-bred). 

The da& industq n-as represented by a gigantic cheese weighing half a ton from 

Banks Peninsula, and br exhibits of butter and cheese from other parts of the province. 

Canterbv has very little native timber, but some specimens of introduced trees 

showed what the fertile plains are capable of in the way of timber-growing. A 1Win.wide 

plank from an oak-tree and a sawn plank from a blue-gum 27 in. wide and 9 in. 

thick were shown, besides some large blocks of pine.

.YEW ZEbLA-YI) EXHIBITION. 

I:, '

As for the agricultural resources of h-orth Canterbury, they were evvhere the 

great distinguishing feature of the court. There were arches of corn-sheaves ; there 

were sacks in profusion of all kinds of grains which 

grow to perfection on the Canterbury Plains ; wheats 

of various kinds, oats and barley, grass and clover 

seeds of all kinds; peas, beans, and potstoea Excel- 

lent photographic enlargements of sheep, cattle, and 

horses illustrated the fine class of stock bred in the 

province. ,mrn ostrich-feathers were shorn ; 

the live birds n-ere on view in an enclosure at the back 

of the Exhi'bition. Townsmen and farmers alike were 

interested in two -'regetable sheep" (Raoulia rnawt- 

m&tis) or enshion plants, from the rocky sheep-runs 

of the interior. alongside a stuffed specimen of the 

kea or sheep- eating parrot, once a vegetarian, nos 

a carnivorous bird. On the walls there were game 

trophies, antlered heads of deer shot in the North 

Canterbq Pro-&ce, and splendid specimens of the 

,peat brown trout for which the rivers of the prorince 

NIL F. Sarrrss UEAIY~~ .SEC-~ FI1 

m. SIIRTR CATTYI~TR\ COJIXI-L 

are famous. 

The fo110wing were the principal exhibitom in the 

various classes of farm-products which bullied so 

largely in this court :- 

In butter the exhibitors were four lap da*ng companies of the Plains-the 

Canterbuq Central Co-operative, the Taitapu, Sefton, and Canterbury Dairy Com- 

panies. In cheese, hides the monster half-ton cheese made by the Barry's Bay D w- 

factory Con~pany for the Banks Peninsula Associated Factories, there were exhibits 

from \*arious factories in the fine X ing district of tUraroa and surrounding Peninsula 

country. Large, n~ecliunh and loaf cheeses of excellent quality were sent by the daiq-- 

factories at Oliain's Bay, Kainui, Little Akaroa, German Bay, and Barry's Ray. 

In ,pain and seeds there were about a hundred e-&biter, all we11 classified and 

neatly arranged. 

The wheat-samples shom by farmers were : Purple-straw Tuscan wheat-pwn 

~nd exhibited by Iuwood Bros., Southbridge: R. Evans, Clifton. Waikari. White 

straw Tuscan-James Goug'h, Greeudale. Hunter's l\hite-George Judd. Waddington : 

Gillander Rros., Waddington ; D. Hun~m, Taddington : R. Evans, Clifton, Waikari : 

H. Archer. ,Southbrook; Mm. Green, Darfield Golden Drop Pearl-J. Isles, Taldhurst 

; J. T. Blachmore, Springston. Pearl n-heat-H. Archer, Southbmk; J. 

Oslmrne. Doyleston ; Jnwood Rros., Southbridge : R. Evans, Kaiapoi Velvet chaff- 

J. Ste~enson, Flaxton ; A. McPherson, Southbridge : P. Chamberlain, Leeston. Solidstnrn- 

Tuscan-R. Evans, gsiapoi Essex-,i. McPherson, jun., Lakeside. Goodgrade 

samples of Champion and Webb's Challenge wheat grown on the farm-lands of 

the T,incoln Agr:cubra' College, near Christchurch, were aLso shom. 

Excellent samples of oata of various Aids were contributed b~ the following eshibitors 

: David NcGom, Hororata ; S. Gilbert, Dunsandel ; J. Osbome, Doyleston ; 

G. Judd, Waddington ; H. H. Hudson, Rangiora ; F. Benham, Kowai Bush ; A. Tutton ; 

Rangiora ; R. Evans, Kaiapoi ; R. Evans, Clifton, Waikari ; Sir John Hall, Hororata ; 

J. Cumhqham, Sheffield ; and 6. Storep, Southbridge. Oat. in the sheaf were shom 

by some of the above and also by John Boag, Brookside ; 8. Lockhead, Southbridge ; 

J. Nyers, Cooper's Creek ; W. Withell, Broohide ; F. k Courage, Amberley ; F. Bond, 

Cairnbrae ; and W. Bradshaw, Shdeld 

In barley, the growers who sent exhibits were : H. H, Hudson, Rangiora ; M. F.

SEW 7&U?rl) EXHIBITION. 

Ryan, Springston ; W. Thompwn, Gebbie's Valley ; W. P. Parkinson, Kaitum ; J. 0. 

Coop, Little River, Banb Peninsula ; and W. Watson, Brookside. Beans were shown 

by R. Evans, R. Withell. and the North Canterbury Committee; clover by Levi Lowe 

(Rollaton), J. 0. Coop, W. F. and J. Parkn, and J. C. Gebbie ; cocksfoot-the 

,pat crop of Banks Peninsub-by J. 0. Coop, S. B. asrris, and W. H. Jdontgomery. 

of Little River, and the Akaroa Committee ; peas by W. Scott (Southbridge), F. Beeker 

G. Judd, R. Evans, W. McHeeliin, h rge Bhodes, and others. In addition, there were 

samples of liaseed, millet, yearn, rye-grass, tnmip, and csnot seed. 

Root-crops of good quality were shown by farmers in many parts of the province. 

A fine wlleetion of potatoes shown waa gathered by the committee from various farms. 

0th shown outside this collection were potatoes grown by 6. Rhodes, Ueadowbank ; 

S. Gibb, Woodend; J, Tollerton, Rillinchp; F. Broughton and & C~unuan, kuth- 

bridge ; M. P. R-ran, Springston ; W. F. Parlriuson, Kaituna ; J. 0. Coop, Little River ; 

and R. Withel, Giapoi 3fangolds of large size were shown by J. Lambie, of Labide : 

J. Chambers, hton; J. Hsrris, jun., Rolleston; W. F. Parkinson, Kaitnna ; J. 

.Johns, Belfast ; H. Weston, Fendalton ; W. B. dndrews, Southbridge. The swede 

turnips exhibited were horn the farms of F. Bull, Wnddington ; W. B. bndrews, South- 

Iddge ; Thomas Davidson, Rollestou ; H. Watson, Fendalton ; S. Gibbs, Woodend ; 

A. Tollerton, K ichy ; and F. Becker, Flsxton. 

In the mineral section the specimens exhibited demonstrated the possession by 

North Canterbury of such varied treasures of the earth as ant&~te, gold-bearing quartz, 

alluvial gold, bkk sand, iromtone, amethysts, agates, garnets, quartz porphhyyt copper- 

sulphides, syenite. The hard basaltic and trachyte rocks from the Port Hills make

excellent buildiug materials ; specimens of these building-stones were exhibid by 

Pitcaithly and Co. and W. Radcliffe. Blocks of Waipara stone and Castle Hill limestone 

were also shown, the former b~ 

the North Canterburp Committee, 

the latter br R. Cloudesley. 

In -1 there were samples from 

Homebush, exhibited by Johr 

Deans ; from Spring6e1d an& 

Broken River, on the line of 

the trallsalpiue railway, by W. 

Cloudesley ; and from Snowdon, 

sent by G. G. Gerrard. From 

Oxford came specimens of chalk 

and flint, exhiiited by R. Ingram. 

L. Adam, of Spdenham, 

showed a san~ple of Canterbv 

marble. Clays suitable for brickmaking 

and fireclay were shown 

bp John Deans (Homeb~sh)~ 

W. Cloudesley (from Spriugfield), 

and the Glenmore Brick 

Company. In fosqil riches there 

were specimens of bones of the 

nloa, founcl in large quantities 

in former years at Glenmark 

and in other parts of the province. 

The luiuernl aud geological 

specin~ens were lent fro111 

'the collections of Jiejsrs. W. 

Izard, .Job1 Deans. .I. Ancel. 

\V. Cloudesley, T. Philip, F. S. 

Meadows. G. Gerrard. D. W. 

I Bc-rrm EXHIBIT, SOETII CISTERBCBT COFT. 

McLean, Ad Dr. B. dor rho use. 

The pictures that brightened the court, chiefly good photo,pphic enlargements. 

were illustrative of Lyttelton Harbour and the environs of Christchureh City; the 

natoral beauties of such pleasaut Canterhury corners as Baab Penhula nut1 Ahroa 

Harbour ; Kaikoura-by-the-sea ; Cheviot, with it* homesteads and fanu-life ; Sumer, 

one of the city's seaside resorts : champion stock on Xorth Canterbury farms ; nml 

industries such as ,paeJeecXing 011 Banks Peninsula ; harvesting and sheep-station 

scenes ; and pictures along the course of the Midland Railway nor slowly maLig its 

way from the Canterbuq Plai~w into the Southern .Ups. 

Amongst the models that formed nn ulteresti~q: feature of the court was one of 

L-rttelton Harbour. with the railway-line to Christchureh. shoa;bu .possible extensions 

in Port L-ytteltou. and also the suggested ship-canal from Sumner to Christchurch at?, 

with tidal docks at Linwood and in Heathcote Estuary, in illustration of the Harbour 

Board Engineer's report of the 25th Sovemher, 1905. The scale was about one mile 

to the foot. The model was prepared hr Mr. C. E. Warden, under the direction of the 

Board's Engineerf Xr. Cprns Wibnw. 

The court contained the moat interesting collection in the Exhibition relating to 

the early days of European settlement in this country. This section was largely pictorial 

and docurnew. Prejpant with nuany memories of other days were the old posters 

and pictures of the early immiggnt ships, the " sea-w~got19 " of the times when to

[a- 

- 

- . 

I i 

1 . . 

Il

hT.W ZIUUXD EXHIBITION. 

reach New Zealand from London often meant a voyage of four or fire months. There 

\\-as a large time-stained poster, undated, announcing the projected sailing from Lolldoll 

for Lfielton of the " ht-class passenger-ship ' Steadfast,' 535 tons 

Hi*0ric 

register, chartered br the Canterbuy Association " ; the .poster \\-as 

Pictures adorned with a woodcut of a clipper ship of the whole-topsail al~d 

gtu'ns'l-boom era Another p&er announced the early sailing for 

L9elton of the " ma,Rnicent well-?mom full-poop ship ' Oriental,' 

Captain Macep," and gave a scale of the passengers' dietary for the vo~age-a lneull 

that would certainly be regarded as Spartan by the luxuryloving sea-traveller of to-day. 

TEE " CHAELOlTE JASE," CAX~BURY'S PILGRIx SHIP. 

CFrox11 a .It& by Dr. Huker. 11150. doum in the North Cantarbor)- Court.] 

Four sketches by Dr. & C. Barker were shown. The most interesting \\-as a pen- 

and-id- drawing, a deck view of the pioneer ship, the famous little " Charlotte Jane," 

which brought the headquarters of the Canterbury Association to the then nnpeopled 

province of the Plains. The sketch was one made at sea iu 1850, from the port quarter 

of the ship, showing the "Charlotte Jane" going along right before the wind, with 

studding-sails set. 

Another interesting reminder of Canterbq's " day of small things" w.as an en- 

graving (lent by &. E. W. Seager) of the first merchant steamer that entered Lpttelton 

Harbour, date 1854. The vessel was the " Ann," commanded by Captain F. P. Gibbs.

The picture showed the " Ann " under sail and steam off Cape Farewell ; she was a 

handsomely modelled steam-craft, rigged as a barque, and setting the old-fashioned 

whole-topsails ; in those days steam was really only an aailia~ to sail-power, for 

canvas still ruled the seas. 

An exhibit of artistic 

* as well as historic and 

topoppbic interest 

was a series of eight 

large framed sections 

of a chart of the west 

coast of the South 

Island, bearing the date 

1867 ; in those days 

Wetland formed part 

of the Canterburg 

Pro\-ince. These charts 

shon-ed the n-hole of 

the n-estern coast down 

to JLilford Sound, and 

\\-ere adorned with emcellent 

littie vignettes 

in water-colour illwtrati~e 

of coastil scenes- 

Tri~ " -hX.'' THE F m SIE.%MER TU EhC PORT LY~TELTOS. the &,"them Alps, the 

[From a piatme in the Sorth Canterbm Coos] old dig$p-to\\-ae, the 

nloutbs of the Oliarito. 

Haast, und other rivers. 111 all there werc shut seve~rt>- sketches in colour. Several 

of these carefull\- dra\\-11 n1a1r~411al pictures showed Slount C'ook alld other giants of the 

,mt white Alpine chain. One sketch from the sea near Okarito-ill 1867 a wonderfully 

rich alluvial goldfield--shod in the foreground a brig beating up the coast, then 

in the middle distance the surf-beaten beach and the ,pen forests of the Waiau, and 

beyond the milky ice-flow of the Fmnz Josef Glacier descending fro111 the Alpine Range 

into the anus of the bush. 

lncluded in the court and shoi\-11 in cases was a valuahle collectiol~ of bkr; and 

docwnents of the Canterbury hmciatiou and the Prox-ineial Cou~~cil. goi~il~~' 1)ack to the 

Eonndation of the Canterbury Province and the Ci@ of Cbristchurcl~. Anloapt these 

was a printed prospectus, setting forth for the information of 1iliel~- colonists amongst 

the Euglish public the krt~~s and co~~ditio~~s on which the land ohtailled iu the then 

infa~tt Colony of Sea Zealand uus to he &posed of. This doeunlent. bearing date 

the 1st January, 1850, stated that the Canterbury Association n-as incorporated by 

Ruyal charter on the 13th Sox-ember, 1849, and had secnred a block of f,#NI,(m acres 

of land in the South Island of Sew 7aland Alongside this \\-as an or&nal list of the 

inteading colonists rho gave ill their names to the association in 183). Othet docunie~itu 

dcalt with the methods of disposing of the land by nleans of sale and ballot. which settled 

the qnestion of priority of choice anlongst the applicants. the first " landluokers" ; the 

a~m~ncnt under which the Canterbury Assxiition acquired this ,-at area of country 

fro~ll the New Zealand Conlpaa?- : the proclamation (on parchmnent) of Chernor Grey 

constituting the Province of Canterbury under date Febmaw 28, 1853, and the proclanlation 

of the following month, containing directions for the election aud procedure 

of the Canterbuq Provincial Council : the first nuniber of the Government Gazette, 

printed at Lyttelton ; a large number of documents relating to the pastoral m s and 

other la~~ds ,panted ta the early settlers ; a manuscript of Commissioner Jan~es Camp-

SEW ZEUSD ESHIBITIOS. 

bell's report to the Governor on the Banks P e n ' d i ~ ~ 

inemorial of the pt, either in manuscript or in printed forni. all esceet%ql$ valuable 

material for the future historian of the Canterbq Settlemeat. All these docunlentil 

had been stored. half forgotten, in a room of the old Provincial Council Chambers, nor 

the Governeat Departmental Buildings. Mr. Johaniies C. ,Andemen, of the Crown 

Lands Department in Christehurch. had diligeiitlc sorted then1 out from amongst lnuch 

\\.orthless material, with the result that many valuable documents were lodged in the 

Christchurrh Public Libraq-, while some of the most importa~~t n-ere shown ill these cases 

at the Exhibition prior to being give11 a pernlalleilt resting-ldace \\-here they \\-ill Le 

preserved from neglect and decay. 

Other exhibits of historical interest included the first SpeakerSs chair used in the 

old Canterbury Provincial Council. and the first copy of the Lyttelton Tiiim, published 

on the 11th January, 1851. 

AUROA. Bah-KS PENINS~LA. 

Of particular value, both fro111 a picturesque vies-point and historictally, was the 

seetioil of the h'orth Canterbury Court devoted to products. pictures, iiidels, aiid 

historic relics associated \\-ith Akaroa and Ba~ilrs Peninsula pilerally. 

A 

Besides the saii~ples of the Peh~da's solid dair+g aiid agcul- 

Picture-land 

and 

tural wealth in the fonn of prime butter and big cheeses, aird the 

rocksfoot-,pas-seed crop that brings its settlers in huudrrds of 

thousa~ids of pounds ailnuall?--for Akaroa supplies a large proportioii 

of the I\-orl's supj,lv of cocksfoot-seed--there \\-ere a itu~nl~r of eshihits that reiiilllded 

oiie of the ilnporta~it place the Fe~liilsula occupied in the early hi5tor:- of Kt-\\. 7,calaud. 

First of all. to sire a good idea of the shape and situation of this remarkabl~- intercstiug 

scrtioil of tlic C'uiiteribuqr Proriiice. there 1- a relief inodel of the Peninsul~. 

with its muiiy pairs alrd inanj- bays : and the \\.rlls \\-ere hull= with photorraphs of 

.Ikaron aud'surrouildiiig parts. Baldis Peiuilsula is the loft. aird broke11 islalrd-like 

1-olcatlic k~rob that projects sea\r-ards 11ia11?- milw fro111 the Caiiterb~ir~- Plai~is : a land of 

level- and \-aried yrel1er.r. Imutifully greetl, diversified with cascading moulltain-streants, 

\\.c,od?- valle.rs. si~iplarl~ shaped rhyolitic peah, and quiet sheltered bays. ,4karoa, 

the nletroplis of the Peniilsula. is a t7er!- pr~tty tom1 on the shores of s splendid 

harbour, the hst oil the east coast of the South Island. -4 beautiful little town it is, and 

historic ; feu- places ill Set\- 7ale11d arc so redoleiit of the antique. 

Tl~rough th.: efforts of 

Nr. Eticilitc Le Licrrc. 

Mayor of Akaroa-o so11 

of oile of thc pioilecr 

P r c n c h s?tt:ors - a1.d 

vther rasideilts patriotica!!y 

co~weriled with throiilalltic 

past of their 

beautifu! town. an eshibit 

of partirdar illterest 

n-as sent out b~the 

British Adluira!t!-. 

from the Ro?-a1 Arscna! 

at Woo!wich. for disp!ay 

in the Bew Zslai d Exhibition. 

This consisted 

of an old-fashioned ship's 

cannon -a smooth-bore

six-pounder bronze gun, mounted on a naval travelling-camage-such as formed part of 

the armament of the British warship despatched to annex Akaroa to the British crown 

in 1840 ; together with a smooth-bore muskat of those days, with bayonet ; and a boarding-pike 

and a cutlass of the old style. These warlike relics embodied a he story in 

our Dominion history. They were representative of H.M.S. " BritoIllart "-a ten-gun 

brig of war, built at Portsmouth in 1819, carrying an armament of eight 18ponnder 

carronades and two Bpounder S.B. guns (similar to the one shown)-which Governor 

Hobson sent from the Bay of Is!ands in 1840 for the purpose of securing to the Empire 

the South Island of Xcw Zealand. A French company-the Nanto-Bordelake-had 

previously projected a settlement at Akaroa, and had despatched thither a party of 

immigrants in the " Comte do Paris," which vessel was supported by the French 

Government with the frigate " L'Aube," under Commodore Lavaud. " L'Aube " 

called in at the Bay of Is:ands, and Captain Hobson despatched the " Britomart " 

ahead of her to Alraroa, and sent Messrs. Murphy and Robinson, Police Magistrates. 

with her commander, Captain Stanley. The " Britomart " arrived iu Skaroa first. 

and Captain Stanley, on the 11th August, 1840, hoisted the flag 

The 

Hoisting 

of 

and proclaimed Brihh sovereignty over the South Island. The 

British flag had already been hoisted at Cloudy Bay, JZar!borough, 

but the Akaroa ceremony made things doubly safe for the British. 

The French frigate amvd on the 15th August, and the " Conlte de 

Paris" 011 the following day with f&y-seven French irnnligrants, who found to their 

surprise that they were in a British colony. The disappointed immigrants were 

offered by their Government free pasaages to the Ialsnd of Tahiti and the Marquesss, 

then lately taken possession of by the French nition. Ifany of them preferred 

however, to remain at bkaroa, and both French and English have ever lived together 

on the bsst of tern= as fellow-colonists. 

An object of unique interest was a large 

nlodel of one of the blockhouses erected by 

the early French and English settlers at akaroa 

in 1846 during a period of alms of Maori 

raids, and on several occasions occupied, but 

fortunatcip never required in earnest. This 

I rep!ica of the old-fashioned little forts had the 

upper story projecting beyond the walls of the 

lowr ome, just as in the military blockhouses 

erected in much later times on the Waikato 

frontier. It was loopholed i both stories for 

rifle-fire. The model did not shot\- any door 

in the lower story; a ladder gave access to 

the door 011 the upper floor. 

Another Akaroa niodel of historic interest 

was one in relief of Ona\\-e Pcninsda, the pic- 

turesque high point jutting out into the upper 

part of Akaroa Elarbour. On this green hill 

are to be seen the parapeted remains of the 

fighting-pa of the ,llama Maoris, which was 

MODEL OF TEE OLD BLOCKHODSH, 

.stormed and captured in 1830 br the raidine 

northern cannib'als under Te ~ai~slaha, 

AKABOA. wh; 

hilled and ate many of the unfortunate defenders.

A d wd-arranged Court represented the prosperous Canterbnry County of Ash- 

bnrton. The Aahbnrton County, one of the richest grain-growing and wool-producing 

districts in New Zealand, has an area of 2,542 aquare milea, extending from the ocean 

inland to the Southern Alps, and horn the hkab to the Rangitsta Rivers, being tbus the 

central county of the Canterbtq Province. It has over a million sheep in its flocks, 

and for the season 1906-7 it. wbcst-fields totalled 39,500 ecres, yielding 1,027,000 

bnsbels of wheat ; of oats its 40,473 acres yielded 1,295,136 busheis. A special feature 

of this counq is the large amount of water-race constroction, done b~ the Ashburton 

Ca1111@ Cnuncil, for the purpose of irrigating farm-lands between the Rakaia and Rangi- 

tata Rivers. The county's water-race totals a distance of 1,552 miles, and waters an 

area of 586,000 acres. The chief town, Ashburton, has a population of 2,563. The 

principal esports are aooL frozen meat, wheat, flour, oats, and an excellent white limestone 

quarried at Mount Somers, and largzl;r used as a building-stone. The principal 

exhibitors in the Ashburton section were the Ashburton Agricultural and Pastoral AEsociation, 

which made an excellent displar of the count;r's woo4 wheat, oats, and barley ; 

the Canterbury Frozen Meat and Dairy-produce Export Company (Limited), which 

o n the Fairfield Freezing-works at Ashburton, frozen mutton, and other chilled products 

; T. L. Cooper, Mount Somers, building-limestone ; Wood Bros., flour-millers, 

Ashburton, flour manufactured at the Canterburp Mills ; and the Mount Somers Coal 

Company, specimens of lignite coal mined near Mount Somers.

OFFICIAL RECORD

SOUTH Ck\TERBURY. 

The South Csnterb~ Court occupied a floor-space of 3,000 square feet, devoted 

to an esposition of ths products of that rich district which extends from the Rangitatxi 

River down to the Waitski, the bonndtq-he of Canterbq, and from the sea westward 

to the Southern Eps. AlI the local bodies of South Canterbury had combiied 

for the purpose of the exhibit, bearing shares proportionate to their rateable values in 

the necesssrp expi?nse of preparing and arranging the disp1ay. Mr. James Craigie, 

Mayor of Timam, was preedent, and Mr. R. Leslie Orbell, of the same town, secretary 

to t h c~ o m and ~ mnagzr of the court. 

The area of Sonth Cauterbnry is about 5,100 square miles, one-twentieth-of the area 

of the colonr. Of this area about one-fifth is under cultivation, and is one of the largest 

wheat- and oat-growing districts of the colony. The remainder is hill7 and mountainous 

counq, held in large pastoral 'and small grazing runs. First :settled 'in 1862 

by sheep-farmers, floebraising had up to the p ~ ntime t been the principal' industry ; 

at first for wool only, and during the last quarter of a century for freezing purposes as 

wel!. Down on the lower lands the sheep-farmers raise several binds of longwools and 

crossbreds ; up in the mountain country are the merinoe. The printipal town of South 

Canterbury, Timaru, has two large. freezing-works, exporting many hundred thousandcr

of carcases of mutton and lamb pearly. Timarn also has a woollen-factory, and there 

are three large roller flour-mills in the town, besides mills at Waimate, Temuka, and 

Wmchester. Timaru, with a population of about eight thousand, has an excellent arti- 

ficial harbour, formed by large concrete brzakwaters enclosing a basin of 150 acres, which 

is entered by the largest steamers trading to the colony. Besides being a shipping 

port and industrial centre, it is of intereat to the traveller because of the fact that it is 

the eastern gateway to the central portion of the great Alpine regions of New Zedand. 

Rail and motor-car bring the glaciers and iceclad peaks of the Mount Cook region within 

a day and a half of Timam. 

The Court was well arranged and decorated. and very completely epitomized the 

rrried products of this pleasant and fertile part of the colony. Very appropriately, 

the corn which South Canterbury plrrins grow so well had a large part in the scheme 

of adornment. The pillars and raih of the court were covered with wheat and oats in 

the ear; clover-seeds of two colonus decorated the lower parts of the pillars in oma- 

mental panels, and some of the dividing partitions between the posts were adorned 

with similar panels covered with seeds of various kinds. Grass-seed heads bunched 

together were also nsed. Above each partition of the court stood a big Highland bull's 

head. The crowning feature was a little octagonal summer-house ; its walls were 

panelled with grains and seeds and its Gothic-shaped windows had fringing of ears of 

corn. The upper panels of the walls were fled alternately with straw and with 

mangel-wunel seeds ; the lower panels were maize and peas. The great agricultarsl 

wealth of South Canterbury was well emphasized by the whole tone of the golden-corn 

decorations. 

In the produce seetion everp kind of cereal +elded in the province was illustrated 

by samples of the best. Seeds were well displayed in bags with circular glass tops. 

Flour and other milling products represented one of the peat industries of the province ; 

root-crops of every kind were shown. and there wede fine samples of butter from the 

dairy-factories, hams and bscons, and home-made wines and preserves. Specimens of 

flax and twine reminded one that the native Phormium tenaz ,pws well on the lom- 

lying lands of Canterbury. 

Other sections of the court interested the visitor because of their pictorial and 

educational character. There were a number of oil paintings and photographs. and some 

excellent work from the Timaru Technical School students, mostly needlework and 

drawing. 

On the mineral side there were specimens of cut building-stone and the li,&te used 

for local requirements at Albury ; pottery made of u fine white clay found at Kakahu, 

and an arch of bricks and tiles made from South Canterbq clap. 

Amongst the principal exhibitors of produce and manufactured articles were the 

Atlas and Bedford Flour-mills, Timaru ; Canterbury Frozen Meat Company, Timaru, 

tinned meats, wool, &c. ; Christchurch Meat Company, tinned meats, kc. ; Canterburr 

F.C.A. (Limited), Timaru, grains, seeds, and an eshibit of farm-produce ; South Canter- 

bury Dairy-factory, butter, cheese, and cream ; Timaru IVoollen-mills, blankets and 

tweeds made in the factory; 6. Broan (Temuka), A. Shaw (Winchester), J. Wright 

(Ternuka), and others, eshibits of oats, wheat, mangolds, and other farm-~roduce; 

McAllum Bms. (Temulca), bacon, &c. ; Mrs. Durand (Timaru), %. Parr, jun., and 

Mrs. B. Hibbsrd, home-made wines : %. J. Wright (Temuka), jams and preserved 

fruits ; S. XcBride, an exhibit of building-stone; H. B. Gli (Timaru), drainpipes, 

bricks, and other articles manufactured from clay. 

An interesting exhibit of another class was a large niodel in relief of Tinlaru 

Harbour, made by Ir. Crowe, showing as complete all the authorised works in con- 

nection with that fine artificial harbour, and a good plan on the same scale outlining 

the extensive scheme which it is proposed to carry out at the harbour.

The sporhg bay was to many the most attractive section of South Canterbury's display. 

Of the splendid brown hut that abound in the great snow-fed rivers of the province. 

some very large &&ed specimens were shown on the walls, and there were some of 

the wild ducks, geese, wild pig, and other game that the back country holds for the sportsman. 

This part of the court was e s ~ lwell y arranged, with an eye to artistic effect. 

For the general design and decorative scheme of the court, Messrs. R. Leslie 

Orbell and C. E. Bre~naer were responsible, and they were exceedingly sncces.~ful in 

their efforts to construct a display that would not only please the passing eye, but 

instruct the visitor who entered. 

Th.2 South Cnnt~rbury Court was a\rardcd first prh in the competition for " Best 

District Court." 

THE WEST CO-LqT. SOFTH LSLL\m. 

The pmvincial division in which the wealth and products of the West Coast of the 

South Island were set out was in many respects a model court. In comprehensive disphy 

of the raw material and the finished article produced br the districts it represented, 

in breadth and tlloronghness of scope, in the careful systematizing, arrangement, and 

IsbeIlinq of the multitudinous exhibits, and in artistic presentment of characteristic 

life and scenery within the borders of the province, it was all that a provincial court 

should be. It was a con~plete museun1 of the West Coast. 

Corering a floor-space of 6,560 square feet in the southern half of the Exhibition 

Buiidiw, and divided into a number of bays each devoted to some special class of 

exhibits. the court was crammed with specimens that demonstrated the mineral riches 

14- Exhibition.

OFFICIhL RECORD 

that lay beneath the soil of the Land of Gold and Greenstone, and with examples of the 

wealth that its surface +elded, as well as with manufactud goods of all kids that its 

inhabitants consumed or exported, and with beautiful paintings and large phot~~aphs 

that brought its strange and lovely scenery and the life and industries of its people vlvidl~ 

before the eye. For the immense number and variety of the exhibits the Exposition had 

to thank the committees who worked in each of the chief centres of the Test Coast 

districts-Westport, Reefton, Greymouth, and Hokitika, and the people of Westland 

generally, who assisted by sending samples of their beet of every kind. But chiefly it 

is to one man that the credit is du-Mr. George J. Roberta, the Chief Surveyor and 

Commissioner of Crown Lands for Westland. Mr. Roberts is one of Westland's pioneer 

surveyors and explorers, and well knows his rugged district in every part, from the d- 

xnines of the north to the forests of Jackson's Bay in the remote south. With its mineral 

resource in particular he is thoroughly acquainted, and the splendid collection of minerals 

of almost every kind known to mineraloghb was the result of his efforts, in ramwkhg 

every corner of the Coast for specimens, from gold to plantinurn and coal to tangiwai. 

Mr. Rober s aas Executive Commissioner for the Coast Exhibit, and not o* did he spend 

the best part of a year in what time he could snatch from his usual official duties in 

gathering together articles for the court and in working up interest in the Exhibition 

in tom and country, but he spent many weeks in Chriatchurch arranging and elasdying 

the exhibits, and in beautifying the court with the scores of pic- in oils and watercolour 

that gave it quite the air and atmosphere of a creditable art gallery. To the late 

Mr. Seddon, also, was in considerable measure due the initiation of the arrangements 

for the Westland exhibit, and, had he lived, no man would have been prouder of 

the excellent display and the publicity gained thereby for his well-loved West Coast. 

Here, over the range by wonderfully engineered coach-rds snaking through the 

gorges and pasees of the sno- mountains, rou are in the " Golden Coast "-the Land of 

Go!d and Greenstone. It is a land of singular beauty, the !and of greater glories. 

On one hand the huge barrier of the Southern Alps, a cold sno- cordillera stretchiq 

like a great white saw-edge north-east and south-west for over three hundred 

miles. and lifting in many places into superb ice-peaks more than 10,000 ft. in height. 

Lon-er. the immense matted forest that for hundreds of miles covers the pat western 

littoral with an endless garment of never-fading green, and whose borders arc touched 

b>- huge ice-flows from the lofty divide ; then the clear cold lakes of the n-oods ; the 

good pastures cleared from the dense bush : and away beyond thc wopc of e?-e to north 

and south the 101% n-a\?- surf-lines of the harbourless wean that makes the western fenrc 

of the Golden Caast. Testland Prorincial District proper is a long narrow strip about 

two hundred and fifty miles in length, extending from the Grey River down to the Haast : 

its average width is only men@--seven miles so clwel does the great alpine backbcne 

of the Island loan to the Tasman Sea. But the court was not confined to these boundaries 

: its scope embraced practicall~ the whole of the West Cmst from the Karamea 

aud Westport districts, which arc officially in the Nelson Province, right down to Big 

Bar and Xlford Sound. Rac.ticaflr the whole of this region is auriferous : it was 

the scene of some of the greatest rushes in the history of New Zealand gold-getting. 

and at the present day both alluvial and quartz mining are successfullr carried on in 

various localitia. The numerous rapid rivers which gush from the glacier-faces and snov 

heights of the Southern Alps bear down with them to the level lands the gold, sometimes 

in nuggeta. more often in fine grains which find a lodgment in the pave1 and shingle 

of the widespread river-beds and in the frequent sand-bars. When the Coast " broke 

out," over forty pears ago, the adventuro-us diggers swarmed all over the land, from 

the rich sands of the ocean-beaches up the roaring diaeolonred rivers to the veF feet 

of the glaciers and ice-falls, worlnng the alluvial deposits. More than f.25,000,000 

worth of gold was taken out of the ground during the fat pears of Westland.

First came the pictnres. The walls glowed with colonre that brought before one 

some of the most remarkable and wild scenery of this tenuous province jammed betwixt 

Alp and mean. It was a fairy region of foreat and fern, of blue- 

Pi- hazed mountain and calm wood-belted lake, of Himalayan ice-falls 

*Own 

and snowfields that the picture-crammed walls held for the visitor. 

To begin with, a general idea of the enormous size and extent of the 

Coast. 

great Southern Alps and the endless sierra of ice-peaks was eontained 

in a ions panoramic picture painted by Mr. W. Deverell, of tho New Zealand 

Lsnds Department, ahowing the whole central stretch of the dividing range, with 

glaciers gleaming in the deep valleya, and sublime Aorangi'e tented crest rising 

white and supreme inore than 12,000 ft. above the artist's viewpoint on the sea-front. 

Then came picture after picture of alpine gloom and alpine glory. There was C. N. 

Worsley's " Mount Cook from Hokitika," a distant view of Aorangi shining aloft seventy 

miles due south hm Westland's capital. There were E. W. Christmas's large canvases 

of those singularly beautiful ice-flows of the western Alp-slope, the Franc Josef and 

Fox G!aciers, both of which approach to within 7W ft. of the sea-level. There were 

eight of this artist's paiiitingb each depicting some aspect of the great ice-cataracts 

plunging down between the wooded mountains, or some d d river-gorge or other scene 

on the way from Hokitika southwards to the gkiera. 

Other pictures of the glaciers were two he little water-colonrs by the late Sir 

Waam Pox, lent by Mr. Ocrhard Hueller, of Buckland, at one time Chief Surveyor 

for Westland. One was of the Franz Josef from the terminal face-a beautiful bit of icepainting 

showing the sharp pinnacles of the ice-fall near the face of the great frozen river, 

the green foliage of the precipitous mountains on either side, and the Waiau River kuing 

from a deep blue icocave on the right-hand side of the glacier. The other picturc was 

one of the Fox Glacier--an even more beautiful ice-flow than the Franz Jose& and about 

seventeen miles further south. Sir William Fox's sketch was made from the terminal 

face of the glacier, with the lofty wooded rock known as the " Cone " on the right. This 

glacier, at first known as the Prince Alfred Glacier, was renamcd after Sir William, who 

visited it over thirty years ago, when he was Premier of the colony, in company with 

Mi. Mueller. Fox's aketches of the glaciers wen! amongst the ht made of these 

wonderful sights of wild Westland. 

Ice is a most difficult subject for the artist's brush. There is a danger of getting it 

chalky, or pasty and dull-looking ; and a clear glacier-field such as the F'ranz Josef on 

a bright day is a blaze of white tire. Then the camera is as a m!e powcrlcss to couvey 

anything beyond an impression of dead-black rock and dead-white ice. But amongst 

the many fine photographic enlargements of alpine scenes sent by Dr. Teichelmann of 

Hokitika, and the Rev. H. E. Neaton, of Ross-two climbing enthusiasts and "old 

hands " with ice-axe and rope as well as with camera-them were some superb effects, 

particularly Mr. Newton's ice arches, in which he had exactly caught the glint of mdine 

on a glacier. Some of these pictures, as well as Mr. (kkkmas's paintings, vividly showed 

the wonderful manner in which the huge rocks had been cut and planed by the enormous 

force of the glacier. These planings arc the work of ages of ice-preseure ; the chisel-marks 

of the Ancient of Days. 

Other artists whose pictures swelled the alpine gallery were J. E. Moultrap, 

J. D. Perrett, C. Blomfield, and Walsh. There were a great number of large photographs 

embracing every scenic aspect of Westland. The photographic artists included 

Mrs. George J. Roberta, Dr. Teichelmann, Jlessrs. J. Park, W. Win, and W. F. 

Robinson, of Hoktika; J. Ring and A. P. Harper, Greymouth; Miss &&, of 

Westport ; and Mr. Xewtmn, of Boss. 

The la& of Westland provided the most delightful section of the little gallery. 

Standing before those painting^ of Jdapourilra, Ianthe, Kanieri, and Thhbpua, so

OFFICLkL RECORD

s\rcct and heaven-hued, so lone!?- in the d& of forest and fern-tree, one thought of 

He- Thorean's wise picture-mrds in " Walden," " Nothing so fair, so pure, and at the 

same time so hge. as a lake perchance lies on the surface of the earth. 

The Sky-water. It needs no fence. Nations come and go without defihg 

Lake * it. It is a mirror which no stone can crack, whose quicksilver will 


never wear off, whose gilding nature continually repairs ; no storms, 

the Woods. 

no dust, can dim its surface ever fresh ; a mirror in which all impurity 

prLented to it sinlis, swept and d u d by the sun's hazp brush.'' There was L. Wdson's 

painting of La2 3fapouriI.a. a very beautiful impression of this calm. grave, 

host sombre lake, with its ta!! dark wall of pines, !oohg up to the glaciated vale of 

the Waiau and the momp divide. Lake Ianthe, one of the !ov&cst of a3 West Coast 

lakes, so dreamy-still, nnfratted, and trans!ucently bright, and everpffhere wood-fringed, 

was the subject of several artists, amongst them J. D. Perrett, the masterly handler 

of pastel, and E. W. Christmas. C. 3. Woralep had a de5cately reposeful water-eolonr 

of the hhikatea--ed Xahbpua Creek, famous for its shadow-effects. C. Blofield's 

pictures included two of Lake Jiahinapua and one of Mapourika Kanieri, that crystal 

water-sheet of wooded %i?t and many bays, where the pat limu and rata txees bend 

ovzr the voyager's hunch as he skims the shores, was the subject of otze of J. E. Moultrafs 

four pictures. Th? Otira Gorge, through which the gran* engineered transa!pine 

coach-road runs, is aha-n a favourite subject with artists. and Otiras of various 

sorts and qualities Sgurcd amongst the oi!s and water-co!ours on the court walls. Of 

the smn or eight views of this fine winding hill-caiion. with its draping of rich foliage, 

C. S. Worsley's !argc water-colour was the one that took one's fancy most. Mr. Worde~ 

a!so showed a particdar!? fine and ~gmous seascape. a wild coastal picture at Cape 

Foul\\ind-ruggd ocean-worn rock-fangs up-jutting, and a swirling fury of breaking 

surf surging in from the stormy Tasn~an Sea. Other pnllhgs of seen- h m the north 

of Westland right don-n to N:fod Sound inr!udcd Okarito Lagoon. Xount Cook, and 

. Harrison Cove (Word), by Pemtt : Mount Cook frola the Cook River be!om the Fox 

Glacier ; Arthur's Pass, by Peel; Xount Conk and Tasluan from the Cook Vallq. 

b~ C. Blodeld. Of the bcautifu: Bder Rivzr scenery there were numerous paintings 

and photographs, inc:uding a work in oils by C. B!omfield. and another b- 

Perrett of the Bullet Gorge, where the hug; timbered bl& rise steeply from the 

' strong headlong current of the brown fixratin. Therc \\-ere thrm large paintings of 

scenes on the mountauls where the Bdcr coa!fie!ds !ie. two by the late Johu Gully 

and one by Richmond. W. H. \'iusc?n. of restpart. showed r !arge co!!wtion of photngraphic 

cnlargenlents, depicting tb B&r Gorge slid River. and d cod-~llining and 

other works in the Westport district. H. T. Lock and ~ariou~ anlatenr photographers 

sent a nutuber of i.ie\~s of mining studies and of sren2ry ; so that the beauties of the great 

river of the West Coast and the industrial importance of the district around its n~outh 

were very copious!? i!:ustratcd 011 thc \GI! of the rourt. 

Iu variety of n1incr.l: wealth the west coast of the Sjouth Island is more highlr en- 

dowed than ail? other part of ,few &a:atld. Spechens of practiral!? every known 

economic millera: can be found in the &striot, and samples of most 

A of the= wer? shon-n in the Westland Minerd Court. A large wall- 

Museum 

of map ul the court showed the !masties where the various minerals 

m. occur. h particdar!? rare and beautiful specimen shown was 

rmazonitc, a stone of a reuarkab!~ deep sea-,pea from Jacob's 

Ril-er, in South Wc8tbnd ; another was gde>-tite. or ruby in the nlatris, fro111 Rimu. 

near Hokitika. Then there wzre iron-ores and copper-ores, some of the sources of 

wealth as yet untouched iu Westland. There, too. were pat boulders of pounatnu 

or greenstone, found only on the western side of the Southern *-Ups. The immense 

quantity of gold yielded up by the sea-sands. riwr-beds, alluvial gravels, and the

qua& reefs of the West Coast were typified by a gilt arch that spwd one of 

the entrances to the court. !his arch was designed by Mr. R. A. Young, Engineer 

to the Westport Harbour Board, and represented the output of Westland and adjoining 

Wets for fort? years ending the 31st December, 1905, a value of B6,063,813 

(6,?52.555 oz.). Of this amount the Buller-Inangahua district yielded about half. This 

sum, however, did not include the total output, became in the early d a of ~ gold-mining 

on the Coast, when thousands of Australh and Californian diggers worked the alluvial 

fields from Hokitih down to OEsrito, much of the gold ww taken away in bulk by 1ucA~ 

diggers, and not sold on the Coast. At the present day gold-mining is carried on at 

various places on and near the Coast from the Buller River away down to the Okarito 

beaches and the Waiau gravels, close to where the Frau Jmf Glacier plunges dowu 

from the Southern Alps. Qnartz-seem is carried on ehiefl~ at Reefton ; hydraulic . 

sluichq for gold on the Bder, at Taitapu, Addimu, Gharlesto~m, Buryton, Ahaura, 

Humara, Ross, and Wiau ; and river-bed dredging at several places along the coast. 

The Westland Court was divided into two equal parts by an avenue ; one side 

representing the Counties of Bder and Inrrngahua, and the other the Counties of Grey 

arid Weatland. 

In the Bder-Inangahua section gold and coal naturally bulh-ed largely. In gold 

there were masses of quartz from the Beefton mines; a pillar compoeed of 200 gilt 

bricks, eaah representing a bulk of SOO oz., the gold won to date from the famous 

Keepit-Dark Mine at Beefton; the Rogres~ and Consolidated Goldfields Mines also 

sent exhibits comidiq of specimene of rich qnart4 samples of ore in various atages of

treatment, and refined gold. Several other mines and mining parties in the Inangahua 

County sent specimens of quartz from river-workings and wash-dirt from dredges. The 

Inangahua County also sent various samples of ores and rocks, including 60 samples of 

gold-ores, 50 samplee of other mine* 50 samplea of various rocks, and 20 samples 

of fossils. In clays and other products some good-class specimens of fireclay from the 

Reefton Go!d-mining Company, fmm I.anky's Creek, and Littleberg's Creek, and Waitahu 

River, and hlin and porn-clay obtained in various parts of thc Inangahua 

County were shown ; from Mount Allen came samples of lead-silver ore and from Murray 

Creek antimony-ore. Samples of auriferous sands, gravels, and granites obtained from 

various parts of the district h m the mouth of the Buller down to the Grey ; there were 

gold uuggets from the \vell-~med Rough and Tumble district between Mokihinui and 

Karamea UL the north ; alluvial gold from the rugged countrp in the upper Buller ; 

quartz from the Golden Blocks at Taitapu ; gold-bearing cement from Cape Foulwind ; 

sacks of gold-bearing black sand from near Meston, and also refined gold from the same 

district ; gold and quartz from Waimangaraa, near the mouth of the Buller. Some 

excellent building-stones were shown, particularl? the freestone from Brighton. Other 

samples were marble from the Xaruia dis&ict, back of Beefton, where the hot sp- 

are, and granite from Xount Gore. 

The coal for whieh the West Coast is famous was repmted in the Buller seetion by 

samples from about sirteen great seams now being worked in variolls parts of the district. 

The fame of the Westport coal has spread far berond New Zedand, and ever since the 

day when it helped H.KS. " Calliope " to strnggle out to the open sea fmm Apia Harbour,

OFFICIAL RISCORI) 

Samoa. in the face of a hurricane which destroyed severa! !css fortunate warships, it has 

been largely d in the vesseh of the British nay- stationed in the Pacific. The Restport 

Coal Co~npany, with its great ~uines at Coalbrookdale and Granity. exports the 

largest proportion of the coal that goes out horn the Buller-mouth. Then. there are the 

two State cod-mines, one at Szddon~ille and the other at Point Elizabeth (near Greymouth). 

which between them have an output of about -W,000 tons per annnm. On the 

Grq are the Brumer, T~eside. and Bhkbal! Mines ; then there are s d e r luines 

producillg good qualities of caal, both for local comu~lption and for export. The 

Westport (Coalbrookdale) Conipanr conbibuted an escellent exhibit illustrative of 

the i~iterior \wrliil:p of the prcliluct of this fal~lous n~oniltain nlillc. which has a11 at11111;ti 

ontput of over half a nii:!ioll tolw. There \\-as a id!-sized nlodc: of the \vorhiig-facr 

on a cod-scam with props. trucks. and other plant ronlp:?te ; a!so a a~tde! of a bridge 

on thc compa~ir's inain hsulage-mad. with rai!s and trucks, al:d !argc blwks of the 

Coalbrookdale fueZ togcthcr with coke and other products derived from eoa!. 

The b?--products of the coa! \\-ere exhibited in a series of jars. A dew-conlbustion 

grate. specia!ly designed for burning this coal and a modd of the coupan!-'s 

stcain-collier " Csnopns" were also shown. The Testport Stwli-ton Coal C'ompany 

(Limitsd) sho\~-ed an e!eetric !oc.omoti~-2 and a car contaiiu~lg coa! from this mine ; also 

a relief model of the coinpanF's ma!-bcariilg area. showing the topographical features

and niodes of oceanwlce of the coa!. The Seddonville State Collier?. was represe~md 

by samples of lu~np rod, dacli &. From the Fox's Rirer district, Charlestou. came a 

qua11tie of high-class authracite and lignite coals. The Butler-Inangahua dirision 

was rich too. in specimens illusbating the bunm undeveloped wea!th of the district . 

in addition to its gold-reefs and cod-seams. There were pieces of copper-sulphide and 

molybdenite from Mount Radialit. Karamea : tin and zinc blende from the Buller 

district ; marble from Ne!wn and Milford Sollnd : polished jasperoid fro111 Kunlara : 

and alum shale from I)euuiston. near the Coalbrookdale coal-workbg. 

The Grey and West!and minerd section made an ereu larger disp!a~ of nul~erali 

of a! liiids froni goid and coal dom-ads. representing the highly mincra!is;cd c.oung\that 

stretches down the f est Coast from the mouth of the Grey River to Milford Sound. 

In gold there were quartz-specimens from Taitapu. Paparoa Range. 3lomit Rangitoto. 

Moonlight. Baucher's Gdy. and elsewhere : and a!lux-ia! gold mid saudrj from man?p:aces. 

(A splendid collection of samples of alluvia! gold. co:lected through Mr. G. J. 

Roberts's cildeavonrs from al! the principa: rirer-deposits in Kcstland. and illustratbl(: 

the differslit qualities and \-alnes of thc gold fouud in each locality. was shown by 

arraugemont in the Government &eri Court.) -4 '' cradle " from hbdcn showed one 

of the primitive methods of gold-saving. From Row Tomhip, noted for its rich goldgravels. 

thsre was a mode! of a shsft showing the ~*arious strata of aurifcrouli drift. 

111 this section a slender gilt p;rramid representing a gold-mhillp output attracted 

attelltiot~. It showed the neld to date of the Nont ZOr H-draulic Sluicing Co~npaii?- 

of Ross. At Ross the Nolit d'Or C'onlpat~?. has camed out a colosunr! 

The 

'' work. It has sluiced awn- the \\-hole iuvidr of a mountr~in. pnrl~ably 

the 1110st remarkable h?-drirulic gold-III~II~II~ enterprise in the Domil~io~l. 

~~ld.- The company's output. as rcpreseiited in thc pymerid. was 41.4Mo~. 

valucd at 2163.562. The well- lamed Munt d'Or has lmr wrked for 

.wmc tn.ellt>- ?.ears. A eat duiciug cldw like this is a fascinating night. Withi11 

the hollo\v Yount of Gold-a huge artificial crater. where the dark-g~yi cliff-fucc overlrai~gs 

ill places-two white jets of water. cun-ed rainbow-likc. am forc-cd from lo11g 

iron-mouthed how-noules fcd by the head-race, a black irou pipe-liae snaking down 

froln the rang= of Mou~~t Greedand. Each of the ~uiuers controlling the hozc-uoules. 

1m11i which the s1uir-e-torret~ts issue vith trenle~idous force. n-ears high &an>-boots and 

oilskins. The arched stram strih-es the precipice nlth the thu~~dering roar of a n~ountd~~ 

rataract. The cauinoa-like how-nozzle used has a diameter of 22 in. aud the \v;rter. 

gi\-eetl its great in~petus 11.v 21 fall of ?-?(I ft. in its course fro111 the n~oni~tai~~ da~r~s riglit 

rl~ilcs back. punchcs the cliffs and gm\-el-facch with a lorn equal to a blow of 180 1b. 

to the square iuch. At its impact the cliff-face shatters and clisyolvcs, aud the stoilw 

rud gravel conic tuLk~,n durn in muddy ?-ellow avalanches. In the gullies of tl~r 

gutted hill are \%-den tail-races. into \\-hi& the dibris is n-ashed and couducted do\vl~ 

the ravine. At rcgrulur intervals in the bottom of these ~voode~r cha~~llel~ arc I~locka 

to catch the gold. \\.hich siulii through thr nlud and ,pave1 \-en- soon after it enten 

the foa~ui~q me. The stolies crack and ,+d against each other as they go rolling 

along at a furious rate is the flood that filb and overflo\\-s the tail-races to I* cast out 

011 the sludge-levels belo\v. The Nout $Or sluices are kept going sight md day. Once 

every t\vo nlouths the?- are stopped, and the sluice-lmses " clea~ied up " for the gold. 

Silver-ores from Mount Ra~qitoto. a ~d the .Ukouui. Parings. and Jackson Ri\-em 

were shorn. Other ore-spwimens \%-ere displayd as types of the man? lnincralrr produced 

b?- the two counties, inc!nding mo!?-bdenum from the Balfour Glacier and Cook 

Valley, South Wwtland : antimon~ from the Paparoa Raqw ; graphite fro111 the 

Otira Fa11e~; stream-tin from Blackbak and stream-nickel from South \Testland; 

galena and potterp-olq from Mikonui ; copper from the back of Lake FLanieri, and from 

Paringa, the MataIritaki Ranges. and Gorge River ; steatite from Kokatahi and 31nunt

Alexander ; lithographic stone from Pawareka ; specimens of iron and platinum ore 

from Arahura ; cinnabu from the Taipo Valley ; and an immense variee of minerals 

of various sorts collected by Xr- 6. J. Roberts, Mr. Charles E. Douglas, the 

veteran pioneer prospector and esplorer of South Westland, and other mineralogists 

and surveyors. All the way from Big Bay, in the extreme southern part of the wild 

West Caast, came specimens, ranging from alluvial gold to asbestos. Westland's latent 

wealth in the form of oil was represented by good samples of crude petroleum horn the 

Kotnku Oil-springs, near Lake Bmer ; the samples were stated to contain about 50 

per cent. of lubricating-oils. Mr. Taylor, of Cobden, exhibited in glass jars all the 

extracts from this petroleum, in the form of benzine, kerosene, pardin, kc. ; these 

products were of the highest commercial quality. Of Grey coal there was a good display, 

comprising samples horn the Blackball Company, Brunner, Tyneside Company, 

and also the State Colliery Department's mine, near Point Elizabeth. These coals 

included some splendid specimens of steam and household fuel and some of the coalblocks 

shown came from very remote places, where promising coal-seams crop up in 

the midst of the forests. Besides the State coal shown there were samples of 6recla~ 

and oil-shale and cores from proqecthg-bores, The Greymouth and Point Elizabeth 

Railway and C~al Company (Limited) made a good display of fireclay goods of all kinds. 

The possible great future importance of Point Elizabeth, seven mi!es north of the 

Grey River, as a naval cdi-station was brought under the notice of visitors by eshibits 

of excellent anthmite coal from the grat seams near that locality, and by a 

good relief map of the place, the work of Mr. E. J. Lord, engineer. Point Elizabeth 

is a limestone promontory jutting out into the Tanman Sea ; from its extremity 

e chain of rocks estellds seawards nearly two milea ; these rocks it is proposed to utilise 

as portioll of one of the breakwater lines nece598ry to form the harbour. The State 

coal-mine liiown as Point Elizabeth Colliery is within two des of the bay, and the 

anthracite seams of the Papam Coal Colnpauy are in the vicinity. The Westland- 

Grey coalfield, of which the Point is the western termiml, has a coal-bearing area of 

a h ~ 40,0() t acres, and the coal in situ was recently estimated to exceed 151),000,000 tow. 

The antbite coals found near the Point are practically smokeless, and therefore very 

valuable for consumption in the ships of the Roe@ Nav. The advantages of Point 

Elizabeth as a site for a coaling-station for ships of war have been placed before the 

British dd~niralty by the Premier, Sir Joseph Ward, and it is possible that before long 

this quiet corner of New Zealand may sudde* iind itself a spot of great inlportance. 

Specimens of mineral waters from eighteen hot springs in various parts of Irestland 

were shown. 

The poarnamu or greenstone (nephrite), the West Coast's own MBT product, 

and New Zealand's national jewel-stone, was represented not oulp by some large and 

valuable blocks and boulders, we- about 2 tons in all, but also 

Greenstone. 

by specimens of greenstone dressed in the form of Maori-made chisels 

and axes ; some of the best of these wen shown by Dr. E. Teichehnn, of Hokitilia, 

and by Xr. A. Hadton, Ditor of the Colonial Jduseum. Some specimens of greensto~le 

from Milford Sound, noted for its beautifully clear amber-like tu.9;wai or " teardrop-water 

" stoue, were shown by &. P. Wilson, of Cobden. There was also a fine 

display of beantiful European-mannfsctuted articles in greenstone sent by Messrs. 

Littlejohn and Son, of Wellington. For centuries the punamu has been the most 

highly prized article of wealth among the 36aoris; to obtain the precious greenstone 

in the rough and in the form of the beautiful weapons and ear and neck 

pendants they made long expeditions and waged fierce wars. The s-metrically 

shaped and finely polished mere or p&u of this imperishable greenstone was a chiefs 

weapon, and was handed down in a family or a tribe for generstions. There are several 

Gds of greenstone, varying horn the rich gnen kahwangi and rau-haka found in the

Westland streams to the translucent tuqiwui (bowenite) that omm in reefs on a spur 

of Mitre Peak, near the entrance to Milford &und. Most valued of all by the Maoris 

was the Murang,; very hard, and making a splendid hand-weapon. Sometimes the 

greenstone had belts or streaks of the creamy wav iuunga mdng through it ; club 

exhibiting this inangn ("whitebait ") tinting in the midst of the dark-,peen pounamu 

were greatly valued ; perhaps the best specimen is the celebrated ancestral mere called 

" Pahihure," which is in the +on of Te Heuheu Tnkino, the hereditary head 

chief of the Taupo Maoris. This weapon has many singular traditional associations, 

and its talismanic attributes remind one of the legends of King Arthur's sword 

'' Escalibm." 

Greenstone is exceed.iq1~ hard to cut, and many months, sometimes even yeam, 

were required by the olden Naoris to shape and polish a mere or a tiki (the carved neclipendant 

shaped in the fashion of a grotesque little human figure.). For some years past 

most of the marketable pounanru hag been exported to the Continent of Europe to be 

cut-chiefl~ to Belgium and Germany-and is there wor1;ed by the lapidaries into a 

variet~ of ornaments after the patterns of the Maori. Triuliets of penstone are regarded 

by many Europeans with something of the olden Maori superstitious veneration 

for the tiki amulets and talismanic w e and whuidai that acquired strange ~-irtues 

or mana-tap in the course of time as they passed from father to son, often buried with 

chiefs' bodies, and often taken fmm warriors slain in battle. 

The Weatland peenstolre specimens shown included blocks and pieces ko~a the 

following localities : Pororari Creek (between Gre-mouth and Westport) : Kotorepi 

(the Nine-mile, uorth of Gre?-mouth) ; Greenstone (Poul~amu) River. mar Kun~ara : 

Kunlrra ; the Arahura River bed ; Rhu (near HuiritiIia) ; a13 Nilford Sound. Pmbably 

the most celebrated ,penstone-bring river in Westlaad is the Arahura, a laqc 

snow-fed stream which discharges into the Tatman Sea a few miles to the north of Hokitilm. 

This ?ver and its _rreenstone treasures were first discovered, say thc local Maoris, 

bj- the Polynesian sailor-chiefs N@ue and Talua-ki-te-Ran@ (or Taum-ahua), who, 

Illany centuries ap, voyaged to these Islands from the eastern Pacific. The na1ne 

Arahura, it is interesting to note, is identical with Ara'ura, the ancient name of Aitutalc+, 

one of the Cook Islands. from which pup Ngahue came. High up the Arahura, 

at the foot of the mountains. is a deep p l called Kaihnohi, in which lies the fabled 

~ U R Q ~ canoe, U called by some tribes " Te Ika-a-Poutini (Poutini's Fish), and by 

others the '. Tairen " (Tanla-ki-te-Ra@s canoe). stretching its gleauling tramlucent 

len@h across the river-bed. with upstanding knobs which are the petri6ed wives of 

Tama-Hine-Kahuran Hiue-Kawabrsaa, and their companions-turned into greenstone. 

So says the imaginative Maori : and ~ r~s8rmbolical legends-too long to 

narrate here-are told of the metamorphosis into pounamu of Tama's canoe and crew. 

As a matter of fact there is a large ledge of greenstone in this upper pan of the Arahura, 

and it is from thii that the fragments and blocks found lower don the river have come. 

Another famous penstone-bearing localie in Westland is Kotorepi, a little bay 

liorth of Greymouth. Here there is a deposit of veq- hard greenstone, te,nrdedias 

sacred by the olden Maoris, and the weapons and oruamenta made from it were tap. 

In Maori legend the poutmmu found here is said to have been fornled from the water 

baled out of the Tairea canoe, which was hauled ashore at this spot for baling and repairs 

on Tama's voyage down the coast.* 

-- -- - - - -- - - - - A 

* The Maori tadition of the &st introduction of gremstone to the tribes of the eastern coast of 

the south Und is an intaestinq story. It was %u-mka (.' &wet Leaf "). 8 nonlan of rank in the 

Xptiwshmgi Tribe of Atahprp *md Hokitib and the thecin'ltp, who 6rst gave the precious ~UMWY 

to the Bgaitahu Tribe, who in those ancient days oceapied whst in now the Canterbnry Yrovinoe. 

Rmmka's tribe lived secludd from the rest of the k i world, and their existen= aur berel known 

to ths -n tribes until ~amsta masetxi the southern -UF st- two hnbet~ and LF and

Westland is still to a considerable extent a great forest. and the timber exhibits 

displayed in the court made the best show of nsefu! and ornamental woods in the Exhibition. 

The timber mod? cut in thc West'land +Us is the uueful 

The rimu (red-pine), which composes the greater part of the available 

be 

foreata in the West Coast Province ; next to rim in the output of the 


mills are the silver aud black pine, the kahhtea, or white-pine, and 

the 

the valuable totara-pine. At preaent, perhaps, not more than onethird 

of Wcst!and has been touched as regards its timber : but the sawmilling bneiness 

is increasing, and before very long, as forests in other parts of the colony become depleted. 

Westland dl contribute a very large proportion of the building-timber used in New Zealand. 

The abundance of water-power in eveq- part of the Coast makes it certain that 

electrici~ will bc !argelp used in the mills of the future instead of steam. Thc timber 

exhibits show11 covered thc West Coast from the Westport district down to Jacksol: 

Bay, South Westhnd. From &!fro?-'s Hoho Mi%, near Hokitika, came the who!e of 

the red-pinc used in the ercction of tho Exhibition building. This timber was also used 

for panelling the wdls in the Bder Court. Solue handsome pieces of figured rimu came 

from Cape Foulwind, near Westport. H. I%-. Hagedorn and hn. of Westport, showed a 

sideboard which cscmplified the uses of ornamental rimu and other West Coast timbers. 

including totara-hot and mott!ed yellow-pine (manoao). Specimens of the kahikatea. 

tha best wood in the worId for making butter-boxes, wen? shown from various mills 

three ht~nclrecl )ears ago, as the reault of intertribal iightbq at -4rahura. Rsumlirr left her home, rccompniecl 

only hy a men named K.peh-ehs (said to hare been a slave), and nsntlerecl far into the mountmins 

lmyontl Lake W r i Dircovering a pasn I m n the moap moantains that overlooked the headwaters 

of the Arahura. they crocifictl the cliridbg range. antL clwmtling the raUey of the Rakaia River, 

they mbcle for the east coast. Skiking out -eawartk to the Hengitatir tlistrict, mter the rita of the 

present town of Geraldine, they wers found Iry a psrt?~ of Sgaitmhu men. who were ont on the warpath. 

The uderern were in *ore straits for food. Thej- were fml ancl kintUp trestecl, sat1 the woman 

talked of her ho~nc on the uilrl m*t mast.. .It the ran~p-tire she tolcl of the greenstone which xs=w 

abuntlant st the -bahara pal shoffccl the Spitulnt s little porwtmcc Cxe she hstl carried aith her 

aeruxa the raukw. .In11 she softly chanted a rhythlm~ic mng to herself as she cllippwl away with her 

little axe at a piece of harm the wrecharine root of the ti-plm. which she was serapi pmpmtory 

tu cooking it-a Eamh or incantation a d by her people when felling forest-- a 8 supposed to 

give additional efficacy to the workman's tool ancl " more power to his elbow." While Ka~ueka was 

telling her strange story, one Puhou. a worrior uf the Sgaiitshlm. 1P,v qt~ietly taking in every uonl, but 

pretending to be auleep. An he lay there snoring wtentatiourly. he secretly cletcrminetl to stesl away 

next clay ancl elcploit this rich ponnamcrrc Isntl. In the morning the expt~lition resttmetl the march 

northmclu to Taututttu am1 Ibispi. The scheming varrior tantri\-mi to secttie of Re~tmlirr. 

ant1 as he hat1 to aU appearances Ireen mlm; when the u-onlon tlispla?-ecl her p-enstone treasure. no 

rmo suspected hint when ho anno~mrweal that he anti several uf hi eontpsnions intrmled to make r. 

rreoc~tiry detour ant1 woulcl rejoin the main Innlx further north Once out of sight, the Sg~itaho " scouts" 

.struck inlmtl, and indud RaurckP to pilot them wrms to \Vatland by the pass sh: haat discod 

now lrnou-n as Browning's Paw. She gake Rthou her little are. and tanght him the chipping song," 

and. ntoreover. kame his uife. The part? n~lulc sandals or pmcme of flax-leaves for the rough 

pisage u\vr the traeiiless heights of roc-k and snow. By clerio~ms ant1 perilocts mys they 'reached 

tho -%rahttra, ant1 there nwle friencls with the -\iratin-ain@. awl 1-me pweswl of much po~nmntc 

in the rotyh an11 also in the formn of weapomf ant1 omamentv.. .It 1st. loatling them.selres with greenstone. 

tlmy travelled Imk over Kot~reKs 1- to the astern plains. They had heen absent from11 

the (knterbmtry side several months. anti it uao xlttntnrr uhen the? e~m~eqd from the Kalraii Vdoy 

an11 LrintUetl a great fire on a hill o\-erlooking she huu~es of th~ir trihe. \h?n the Sppitahn saw the 

Iwnfire they at once divineti that it that oi the missing scouts who h l clinnppmred with Kattreh 

" lui. ! " exclaimed they. " thc cnnning cri that sleeper ! He hss o~mtwittnl 11s all" And in trittnlph 

tho u-anclerors retumaI anti exhibitnl their -pila of poanrrr~r. Henceforaerrl annual expealitions 

wwe made across the mountaim to the Grrenstone-hL the Sgaitahmt braring loacls of fcccl-delieacies. 

pre~ervetl in ha+ and kelp h.aske& to barter for the poccnrmw. Later they mved themselves the 

trocmble of . their pitaw om the -Ups. and spettrpll the "geenstcne by the simple process of 

kihg the =whom. in the beautifully rimpfe ecunonty of the YMris, the? .Lo ate. Raureb 

was indirectly the means of bringing about the d oddl oi her tribe. In the evly ywrrs of lsnt century 

Tuhurn and other -poi chi& tdvagd the Poutini. or \Vestlaxul. mast with aar-prtirs, practically 

rsterminotinl~ the I ~teb Ygatidrangi. am1 carrying off their storen of the JLsori jed-stone. 

a

sew ZEALAX-D Emrmrnox. 

in the province. Of silver-pine, a splendid durable wood, there was a large display in 

the forestry section. This pine is practicallp invulnerable to decay and to boring-insects : 

it is therefore of great value for railway-deep and telegraph-posts. Black-pine, of 

which numerous samples were shown, is an exce11ent furniture-making andbuilding 

timber. Amongst the half-rounds of logs shown was one of Nen- Zealand cedar (liawaka) 

from Granit;' and Mobihinui. ncar Westport. The uses of this timber are open to great 

expansion ; some timber experts consider it excellent for the manufacture of lead peneils. 

An English h1 is already using eeveral New Zealand woods i~~luding the top branches 

of the totara, for pencil-manufacture, as a substitute for the northern cedar. J. Park, 

of Holiitih-a, exhibited a rowing-boat, handsomely hished and built entirely of hwalirc. 

One splendid slab of totara-pine shown measured 4 ft. 4 in. across, and was a fair sanlple 

of the timber in the great totara forests of South West!an& which cannot be used at present 

on account of the inaccessibili* of the district. There were also examples of the beautiful 

mottled totara ; much of this valuable timber, Eke many other useful and beautiful 

woods in South West!ald. is bcii wasted e~ery year by being burned in bush fires 

simply because the land has to be c'lcarcd and there is no arai!able market for th~ 

timber. There was m e fine panding in mottled silver-pine, totara, and rhu. 

shown in the form of an ornamental doorway and s mantelpiece. Beautiful pine and 

beech knots of various colm were shown ; these knots when polished make exceedingly 

handsome table-tops, but few millers at present trouble to make use of these "rejects" 

from the saw. The possibilities of the use of a lot of these roods for artistic furniture 

are very great indeed; hots of cedar, totara, broadleaf. silver-pine. &c.. all regarded 

as worth!ess at present ty the millers, will come into p t use in the furuiture-factories 

when our forssts bwonle smaller and the timbers coiisequeut1~- more valuable. 3firn a ~d 

hiin, hvo other useful Wetland timbers, were shown b~ the Lakc Brul~ner Sa~nulling 

Company. Nr. A. Gumming. of Lake Kanieri, sent sonie excellent specimens of mottled 

totara ; other samples of this vev durable timber included a rouple of pieces frolll the 

Charleston district, which had been buried in the earth for probably rieveral centuries. 

Some h e dde slabs of totara shown came from as far south as Bruce Ba?- ; the? wew 

contributed by Mr. John Ritchie. A number of paring-blocks nude from brown-birch 

were shown ; this n .d has proved very useful for blocking purposes in gold-sluicing 

claims. Other timbers shown were rata--a good useful hardwood-and mountain-pine. 

Of miscellaneous specime11 of natura! products and of local industries there was 

a very large rariet?. Dressed flas n-as shown br mi!lers at liongahu. Karamea. Rotonlana, 

Cobden, Bq-town. and Ohrito ; and from OAm in the extreme south d 

Westland, near the Haast Rix-er, came other specimens of the uses of Ph~nziutn te~3in 

the form of flax baskets. Canned and frozen whitebait from the Buller, Grey, and 

Holiitih Rivers exemplified the commercial value of the little inanga which swarms 

in these rivers at certain seasons of the year. The iusnga was one of the favourite articles 

of food of the olden Maori inhabitants of the C-usst-in fact. it is from it that the 

Inangahua district derives its name : Inanp-hua n1eans " prcsen-ed whitehait." WW!~ 

potatoes, honey, brick cordials. sauces, and ale and stout from Reefton were anlongst 

the other products shown. The sporting possibi!ities of Westland and South Kehn 

were brought before one br two fine heads of red-deer stags shot on the upper Buller. 

and stuffed trout and game birds of rsrious kinds. Two excellent stufied specimens 

of the kea parrot and the bittern were exhibited by 3lr. Telford, of Ross. The Maori 

residents of Westland, now very few in number. were represented b~ some exhibits of 

native handicraft from a little Haon hapu called Kgatimahaki, a section of the Ngaitahu 

Tribe, living far down the coast at the Uwhio, or Jacob's River, about 130 miles 

south of Hokitika, the most remote and isolated Maori community in New Zealand. 

Katau te Nahi, of this hap& showed some specimens of worked greenstone, and his 

wife and relatives some ikc kits. 

Amongst miscellaneous exhibits in the Westport section was a g d model of a

French warship of a past era (such a craft as the training steam-frigates which cruised 

as far as New Zealand up to ten or fifteen years ago), a full-rigged ship, Garrying the old- 

style stu'ns'l-booms, and with adiarp skmn-power as indicated by her two funnels 

and her screw. 

S0UTHLk"JD. 

Soathlsnd, the Y&u of the Maoris-" The Tail of the Land "--the lad of great 

oatlields and rich pastnresdplajed its wdth in a good-sized court reached 

by way of the Western Avenue, not far horn the southern entrance of the Main Building. 

The eye was first attracted by the little porch-like structures, made of the trunlcs of ferntrees, 

that stood at the corners of the court. Painted signs conspicuously advertised 

the names of the chief centres of industry in Southland, and within the various articles 

raised from the soil on which the province depends for its prosperity were well set out. 

Here the interested visitor learned maoh concerning the character and capabilities of 

N~w Z%land's Far South. 

Xore than a million of acres in Southland are under cultivation, and it is the prin- 

cipal oat-growing section of the colony. Of other products, it grows wheat of splendid 

quality, barley, limed, &c., and its dairies turn out large quantities of the best of cheese 

and butter. In the back country, after one passes through the level agricultural plains, 

are the great runs of the wool-growers and meat-&rs. Other industries are kc- 

milling, timber-growing, gold-dredging coal-mining, deep-sea fishing, and oystering. 

The chief town, Inv-, with a population of between twelve and thirteen thousand, 

has an excellent, safe, deep-water port at the Bln& seventeen miles away by rail. 

The exhibits of agricultural and pastoral products made up the greater part of 

the court's contents. Near the centre stood a large arch that typified the great dairyins

usiness ; it was constructed of boxes of cheese sun1101111ti.g stacks of tins of condensed 

milk which is one of Inv-s qecialities ; this cheese trophy represented twentytwo 

dairyfactories of Southland. Near by stood a table of bulk and jar samples of 

Saxelby's Stilton cheese, interesting as being the product of the only facto~ in New 

Zealand making this cheese. Fleeees of wool of good length and fine lustre. sent by 

various farmen, and fellrnongers, were grouped in a large showcase. Oats, of which 

Southland exports several million bushels a year, and ssmplea of wheat, rye. linseed, 

and barley, and also some barley from the Lakes district, reminded the visitor of the 

solid &-growing capaciq of Southland. -4 particularly comprehensive display of 

grain and ,ps-seds of all hds was made b~ the Gore district, which contributed a 

special section to the Southland Court. Gore also showed specimens of oat-products, 

timber, lignite, and a troph~ showing gold obtained in the district, and photographs 

of the principal dredges working in that district. 

In the mineral section a conspicuous exhibit was made up of three great blocks of 

coal from the N'ihtcaps Cosl Company's mines, one block weighing 9 tons. From the 

N'ihtcaps Company also came specimens of fireclay, together with articles manufactured 

therefrom. Prom Stewart Island and the West Coast Sounds came a collection 

of mineral specimens collected by J. R. Thomson and Walter Traill. From Stewart 

Island also came some Maori implements and flax mats, exhibited by W. Traill and 

W. D. Joss, residents of that Island. Other minerals included freestone from the Castle 

Bock quarries, Dipton ; a block of porph-yq from the same quarries, and a block of 

similar stone from Waibawa. Samples of the Orepuki oil-shale were exhibited b?the 

Kew Zealand Coal and Oil Company. A pod sample of dressed granite from Ocean 

Beach quanies was exhibited by J. G. Ward and Co. (Limited). Beautifull? figured 

planks of rimu or red-pine from Orepuki, and specimens of red-birch, made up in furniture, 

turneq-, and also in the rough, typified the valuable timbers of the great forests 

in the vicinity of the western part of Soatbland. The flax-milling industry was represented 

b?- .an exhibit from W. Cruhhanliys Rosedsle factory, covering the x-arious 

stages of hemp-manufacture, from the leaves of the Phonnium term to the soft silky 

dressed fibre, and rope, twine, &., made therefrom. Various local manufactures from 

Invcreargill n-me exhibited ; some of these, agricultural machinery-including Storrie's 

patent turnip drill and ridger-vehicles, kc., were of special interest to the farmer. 

Noticeable eshibits were the stands of R. Wdwn and Son of Winton. and George Rmmagc, 

of Centre Bush, of horse-shoes in grcat variee of form and shape, made specially to 

suit defects in horses' legs and feet ; the former fum also exhibited their patent drain 

plough, which has prored of such value in draining the low-lying and swampy lands 

of the South. A design in sand brichi came from the newly erected works at 

Grasmere. For bushmen there was an eshibit of interest from P. A. BlGh, of 

Winton: a bralie for sawmill trollies, by a method of gripping the wooden rails 

of the tramway. The Bluff Harbour Board sent models of its steamers, the 

" Bwarua " and " Theresa Ward," and photog of the BlnfE Harbour and shipping. 

and of the Board's nen- dredge, " Murihikm." The Southland Frozen Meat Compan? 

made a display of its products, and the Belfast faetor;~ had a good show of hams and 

bacon. The large mills of the New Zedand Paper Company at Mataura contributed 

escellent specimens of the output in the form of paper and paper bags. A fitting finish 

was given to this attractive court by the collection of photos illustrating Southland's 

beautyspots, its fine cattle and sheep, and its a@cultmal operations. 

THE COOK ISUSDS COURT. 

Adjoining the Aucliland Provincial Court was an exhibit of South-Sea-Island origin, 

of particular interest to N~K-Zealandere, the court, or rather stall, devoted to the Cook 

Group and other islands in the &nth Pacific under New Zealand's jnrisdictioa It mas 

just a little court, too small indeed for the number of curios and beautiful articles of

South-Sea-Island manufacture that were crammed into it. It had the real South.Sea 

atmosphere, with its strange weapons and its outrigm canoes glittering with pearl- 

shell inlaying, and its hanging ornaments of native cloth made from the bark of trees. 

It was to many, perhaps, the Grst intimation that New Zealand herd had a slice of 

territory-mostly ocean, as a matter of fact-in the tropic regions of the Pacific. The 

islands which it represented have been under this c01111trp~s control since seven years 

aq, when the colony's boundaries were extended to include the Cook Group and a 

number of outlping islands ; and in these South Sea isles and atolls, inhabited by Poly- 

nesians veq nigh akin to our Maoris, an interesting esperiment is being made in the 

government of Island peoples. These tropic map-dots under Ne\r Zealand's role number 

sixteen, and are scattered over the Pacific within a space bounded by the meridians 

of 170° and 156" west longitude, and the parallels of 2.3' and 8" south latitude. Their 

total trade inwards and outwards is n-orth about EW,W per a1111~1, and they already 

rield a yearly revenue for governmental purposes of nearly L11,O. The largest and 

most populoas island is Niue or Savage Island, 1~Gy about 1,400 miles north-east of 

,iuckland ; but from a commercial point of view the nine islands of the Cook Group 

are the most important. These islsl~ds are Rarotonga, JZangaia, -iitntaki, Atiu, Jlfitiaro, 

Takutea, and the Hen-ey Islets (Manuae and Te Au-o-tu). Then, up north, nearer the 

Equator, are the pearl-shell-producing atolls or lagoon-islands of JIanihiki, Rakahan?, 

and Penrhyn. For the last forty years and n m Xen- Zealand has been interested 1n 

the trade of these islands. Not so many rears ago fleets of handsome yacht-like schooners 

traded to Ramtonga. and Aitutaki, and Xiue, and the other islands, out of Aucldand, 

which has av\vadys been the ,peat centre of the South Sea business. Xowadays steamers 

take veF nearly all the trade of the Cook Islands and their atoll and 'sland neighburs, 

but occasionally a white-painted schooner-a ghost of the olden canvas argosy-sails 

into Auckland from the Tslands and brings with it n breath of the tropic la~is. The

ed-funnel steamers that rattle out their hu~~drecls 

of cases of bananas and thousands 

of boxes of oranges for New Zealand's consumption, their tons of copra and pearl-shell 

for the European market, are bus? and useful links with "the gateways of the 

day," but it is the sailer that one associates more with the Isles of Roman-the 

handily-rigged fast white schooners, hanging off and on outside the fringing reeh of 

bitutaki, or Niue, or Penrhp and its pearl-lagoon, boating cargo through perilous surfs, 

booming along wing-and-wing before the fragrant trades that blow over many a palm- 

clothed island, with the flying-fish leaping in silvery showem before their bows, or furling 

to a rag of sail before the gales of the " Great Ocean of Kiwa." 

The weapons, utensils, dtc., shown in the Cook Islands Court numbered over a hnn- 

dred items. The most valuable of these were the canoes, of which there were four large 

specimens, representative not only of the canoe-building art of the Cook Group, but 

a h of the outlying northern atolls Rakahaqa and Manihiki. The Natives of these 

remote pearl-* islets are exceedingly deft and &tic decorators in mother-of- 

pearl, and their canoes were beautifully inlaid with the irid-t shell. The Raks- 

hanga-Islanders' canoe bore the famous Polynesian name " Maui " in pearl-shell letters 

on the bow, and the mine " Rakahanga " was similarly lettered on the stern. The 

sides of the canoe were inlaid from stem to stern with pearl-shell stars and other 

devices, and even the curving thwarts were brilliant and glittering with the shell-made 

adornments. At the cloee of the Exhibition this pretty wb was purchaed for the 

British Huseum by Captain Atkin, the British Commissioner. 

The Xanihiki outrigger canoe, about 31) ft. long, bore the name " Tauhunu," and 

was inlaid h m end to end with pearl-shell. From Mangaia Island came an outrigger 

canoe, with painted sides, and carved topsides and thwarts ; right in the bows was a 

peculiar stylet, with lines attached leading aft ; these linea were said to have been used 

by the ancient mariners as guides in steering a course. Thie canoe is now in the 

Colonial Museum, Wellington. Xiue Island also sent a canoe-one of the ordinary 

small outrigger craft, with remarkably broad-bladed paddles. 

These primitive sea-craft of the Pol-mian island-dwellers were the most conspicuous 

exhibits in the court, but there were many other curious and beautiful articles displayed. 

There were cleverly woven mats of leaf and fibre ; beautifully plaited hats from Niue 

Island ; ancient wooden drums from the Cook Group ; an ArWn's or high-chief s throne 

from Rarotonga ; the 3iangaia-Islanders' ceremonial axes of stone (bki-tiLdiL-1, mounted 

on peculiarly carved wooden blocks ; a Lurnetc or wooden trough or bowl of immense 

size ; tap or native cloth, made from the bark of a tree and coloured and decorated 

in various patterns, and with the wooden beaters and the blocks used for beating out 

the cloth ; pearl-inlaid fish-hooks, baki or eel-catching baskets, long barbed iighting- 

spears and fish-spears, r taka or war-helmet, ancient swords and *IS of hardwood, 

and clubs of various strange and formidable shapes. A " peace-drum " shown in the 

collection came from Xangaia, where it had been used for about a hundred years on the 

occasions of peacemaking after war, when it was beaten h m village to villapa signal 

that strife was ended and that refugee in hiding could venture abroad in safety again. 

A remarkable spear shown was nearly 30 ft. in length, and had to be used by two men 

in battle. Besides, there were some beautiful specimens of a valuable gold-edged pearl- 

shell, so much sought after by the divers of the northern atoh ; banana and tam plants 

growing ; and a ,dery of excellent photographic enlargements illustrative of Island 

scenery and Island Xative life. 

The exhibits in the court were mostly sent through the in&mmlt.Slity of Colonel 

W. E. Gudgeon, C.I.G., the New Zealand Government Commissioner for the Ialands, 

whose headquartem are at dvarua, Rsrotonga The Hon. C. H. Mills, ex Minister in 

Charge of Island Maim, also assisted by sending some interesting exhibits of Native 

workmanship.

SECTION IX. 

THE EMPIRE'S COrRTS. 

BRITISH GOVER?\ZslEhTS SECTIOSS-.4S IMPERIAL DISPLAY. 

To the art-loving and the thoughtful New-Zealander the exhiiits sent out by 

the Imperial Government, and so wd and s~stematidp displayed and arranDd, 

were in many respects the most valuable and informing section of the Exhibition. 

The British Government had entered with considerable interest and energy into the 

work of orgallking a suitable exhibit for this distant land's ambitious exposition of 

arts and industries, ad devoted the sum of S10,00Q to this purpose. The eshibit 

as arranged was designed to reflect to a large extent the artistic, social, educational, 

scientific, and naval and nlilitary life of the British Isles, and in this mission ii 

succeeded admirabl?. The magnificent picture-collection was in itself an education 

in art--oils, water-colours, and black-and-white : it summarised the best traditions 

and the best products of British art ; it was a delight to every visitor, an eye-feast 

of fonn and colour. The esquisite e-samples of kindred arts and crafts were equall~ 

comprehensive and wisely selected-all the best of their hind. Then there was 

the dological, educational, and scientific collection, full of information in diagram, 

pictorial and other forms. To the section of Socisl Economy in the British Court, 

Sir John Gorst, the special envoy of the British Government to the Eshibition, 

drew particular attention in one of bis speeches. It deserved, he said, the careful 

study of colonial statesmen, throwing as it did a flood of light on the social conditiom, 

good and evil. under which people lid in the Old Counv, Certainly 

the sociologid side of the exhibit was full of meat for thought, especially for those 

earnest-nunded liew-Zealanders who are anxious above all thing to keep this land 

free from the social iniquities, inequalities, and pielroous wrongs so deepl?- rooted in 

Old World communities. Educatio~lally there was much to interest enthusiasts in 

advauced and practical and technical i~lstruction ; and the proofs of pro,vress wade 

by the 3lother-country in specialid education during late rears came as a surprise 

to those New-Zea!anders dis@ to regard " Old Englaud" as being behind the 

times in this respect. The superbly finished maps, the delightfully artistic specimens 

of pictorial photo,paphy, the delicate scientific instruments of meticulous and exquisite 

precision, were all triumphs of their kind. And side by side with the triunlphs of the 

arts of peace were the reminders of Britain's glorious feats of arms by land and by sea, 

the weapons with ~vhich she holds the land and wards the five oceans, from the Indian 

mountain-gun whose epic Kipling has sung to the monster 12-in. shells which her battleships 

send screaming through five or six miles of air, and the glittering arras?- of medals 

that epitomized her brave centuries of battle-stoq. It typified all the virilit~, the 

fighting qualities of the Briton ; it brought a thriU of pride to the son of this most 

distant outpost of the Empire. Not an exhibit, a picture, a book, weapon, or medal was 

there without good use and reason ; every one had its silent mission to these Islanders 

remote from the heart of the old Empire, and told its story well. 

The British Government ejchibit w+s under the charge of the British Commissioner, 

Captain Percy Atkin, a gentleman who had had considerable experience of exhi'bitions, 

and who had brought SW and taste to bear in his arrangement of the court. Captain

?SEW ZEAUSD ESHIBITIOS. 

Athi remained in the colony during the whole period of the Eshibition. and he and his 

courteous assistants delighted in showing visitors round the court and in furnishing 

information about the exhibits. 

The British Government exhibit was arranged in tn-o sections, of which Section 

Yo. 1 (Art) was installed in the Art Galleq-, and &ti011 No. -7 (General) in the Main Building 

of the Exhibition, near the northern side of the jllain Avenue : this pneral section 

occupied an area of '73,iW square feet. The Art Section-which is dwnbd elsewhere 

(see Section 5) under its class heading-was under the immediate supervision of Mr. 

A. 4. Longden, himself an artist of repute, who came out from England as special art 

representative in charge of the pidures. 

Section So. '7 included these departments, of wbich summarised accounts follow :- 

Education ; Xedals, Coins, and &a!s ; 

Social Economy ; Geographical and Exploration : 

Yawl Exhibits ; Meteorology ; 

MiZ- Exhibits ; Photograph?. 

In addition to these a space in the general building was allotted to applied art and 

architecture. 

A remarliablp larga number of sales of pictures and other works in the British 

sections during the Eshibition. The total ides amounted to a vdue of E17,458 9s. 4-M. 

Details of the works of art sold are given in the account of the Art Gallev. In addition 

pictorial photographs were sdd to the value of over £103, ruld ~i~eteorological instrunlents 

to the value of £245. 

E~ucalrow. 

Thn do!e sche~rle of the British cducntio~lnl systenl \\-as illustrated by the llunleroub 

ashibits in the Department of Education, emphasizing the resources, varieties, and 

traditions of zdueation in the British Islands. Every stage of education was represented 

by pictura and in other ways, from primary whoo!s to special technics! schoo!s and the 

universities. E!ementary who& and cotltinuation clam were represented by pictures 

and pbw of school buildings. photographs d classes at \\-ork. o series of time-tah!cs. 

class-prograalmcs, courses of i~lstruction. e-amination-papers. and worked exercises. 

Thc English pub!ic schook including Eton, Rugb~. JIar!borough. end 11utnlerous 

secondary schools of varied t?perr. n~re represented by photographs of buildings. 

of classes at n-ark, and of games, together with brief accounts of school life a11d organization. 

Various schoo!s of art. music, mining. ~~autira! traini~ig. and agriculture se~t 

pictures of their bui~dhlgs and app!ia~lces, details of nwthoclv of i~wtructio~~ and c.xanlp!es 

of work done b!- students. I11 the case of agricultural sehoo!~. charts of fanils and p!ots 

under experinlentid cultil-ation mere shown. Eng:ish. Srot,tish. and Irish unirersities 

were rzpresentd by photographs of buildillgs. recreation-grounds. uni\-ersity !ife, and 

also by calendars and other publications. There were maps shodllg the distribution 

of educational farilities in Great Britain ; charts illustrating physical csercises. sets of 

prospectuses fronl secondag srhmls and teeh~ucal institutious : reports of eduration 

authorities. Spwinlen copies of journals and pcriodica!s touchi~lg 011 ducationa! topics. 

tagsther with some useful reference-books. werc avai!able for consultation by visitors 

to the court. 

In the primary-education section the exhibitors were the Aberdeen Scbhool Buard : 

the hard of Education for Enghnd and Wales ; the Bursleu Education Co~u~uittce : 

the Co~unlissioners of htional Edncation, Ireland ; Church of Eng!a11d Tmilfilg Co!!ege. 

Dublin ; Dublin Church of Ireland Duecting Schools ; the Duke of Torlr's Royal Witary 

School. Che'ma : the G!asgow School Board ; Leeds Education Conl~llittcc ; Liverpool 

Education Comnlittee ; London Conntp Council ; Nationa! Eon of Teaehcrs ; Scotch 

Edt~vatioa Departnleilt ; the Stornoway-Xicoloson Institute. Lewis. Sc.ot!and : and th~

" Warspite " ?&nine hi*, London. Amongst the most intmdng of these were the 

Leeds and Liverpool pictures showing classes of girls and b o engaged ~ in various lessons, 

including work in modelling, h., by young children, nature lessons in the infants' department 

in Liverpool 8chooIs, and blind children at work at various occupations. The 

training-ship " Warspite" pictures showed this school-vessel moond off Greenhithe, 

Kent, and there were phowphs of the boy at various drills and exercises, including 

sail-drill, and pictures of seamanship-instruetion mod& on board the " Warspite" ; 

there was also a pamphlet deserib'mg the Marine Swietfs scheme of an ocean tmhhgship, 

the large four-masted ship " Port Jackson," which trades to Awtdia and carries 

a large number of boys who are being trained in seamanship and navigation. In connection 

with the education of physically and mentally defective children, there were 

a number of photographs showing these children in Bristol schools. engaged in ~arious 

useful occupations such as wood-caning. modelling, basket-making, straw-n?eaving. ' 

kc. The British and Foreign Bhd Association sent appliances and books. including 

various st jes for writing Braille. Gardner's Trust for the Blind, London. contributed 

exhibits including numerous photographs of the classes at n-ork at the Royal Kormal 

College and Academy of Music for the Blind, Vpper h'omood. 

In seconda~ education there were some interesting photogaphs showing classes 

at work in nature-study at the Aberdeen Grammar School, which makes a special* of 

botanizing and school-garden work. The great English schools were represented by 

photographs and books. and included Rugby ; Eton ; Fettes College, Edinburgh ; Dulwich 

College ; George Heriotis College, Edinburgh ; Hailebq College, Hertfordshire : 

Marlborough College, Wiltshire ; and Winchester College (which was founded in A.D. 

. .

1382). A1 exhibit of interest in the Rugbp collection consisted of portfolios of drawings, 

paintings. and designs showing the excellent art system practised in this college The 

venerable Winchester College buildings and college life were illustrated by over tw 

photographs. 

A veq- large collection of photographs, and calendars and other publications fur- 

nished the Xew-Zeslander with some idea of the picturesque buildings as well as the 

educational scope of the great universities. The University of Aberdeen was represented 

by a number of volumes of records printed for the New Spalding Club of Aberdeen, 

containing numerous illustrations of the college buildings and portraits of eminent 

benefactors, teachers, and alumni, and various class records and calendars. Cam- 

bridge University was represented by photographic views of a number of books and 

pamphlets, includ'hg an architectural history of Cambridge in four volumes. The 

historic buildings of Osford Universitp were illustrated by a number of fine photographs 

showing the various colleges and many places sanctified by historical reminiscences. 

One of these was the celebrated Xerton Library, which dates back to about A.D. 1376. 

There were various reports of the Oxford University institutions, examination-papers, 

and official publicatic~is. Another of Britain's ancient universities represented was 

St. Andrew's, Dundee, of which numerous good photographic views were shown ; one 

of these was of the foreign and the historic theological school known as St. Nary's College, 

founded in 1537 ; another was of St. Salvatore's Church, the Church of the Univeraitp. 

erected in AD. 1450. There were pictures of Universitp Hall, which was founded a few 

years ago as a residence for women students. A touch of modernity was furnished by 

the pictures of the engineering and chemical laboratories in the University College. 

Dundee, which was founded by Dr. Baster, a Dundee manufacturer, in 1880, and made 

part of St. Andrew's Universi* in 1897. There were a!so views of the new School of 

Medicine erected in 1903, and of the Gat@ Narbe Laboratory, founded bp Charles 

Gatty, F.R.S.E., and presented to St. Andrew's University in 1896. Other universities 

. represented by picture and book were those of Birmingham, Durham, Tninie College 

(Dublin), the Royal University of Ireland (Dublin), Edinburgh, Glasgow, Girton College 

(Cambridgi.), Leeds, Liverpool London. Bewnham College (Cambridge), Sheffield 

(particularl~ interesting because of its useful courses in mining, chemistry, and 

engineering), the Victoria University of Manchester, and the University of Wales. 

In the subsection of Specialised Instruction the most interesting item was cm exhibit 

dealing with art instruction in various British schools. The Board of Education of South 

Kensington sent a comprehensive exhibit illustrative of work in eferp branch of industrial 

art and design. Therc was a case of reprodnetions of art objects from South Kensing- 

ton in metal. coloured plaster, plain plaster, colonred dranings, and photographs ; the 

electrotype reproductions were esact copies of the best silrersmiths' work, and the other 

work of which replicas were shown comprised art work in porcelain, ivory-carving, wood- 

carving, jewellery, metal-work, and glass. These reproductions exemplified the d 

practice of the South Kensington Board in circulating artistic designs and specimens 

of work calculated to inspire the art student with worthy ideas of beauty of form and 

decoration. In 1!N5 the Board lent reproductions and photographs of art eshibits in 

the Victoria and Albert Husenm to various schools of art thmwhout the kingdom, to 

the number of more than twenty thousand. 

The following is a list of the branches of art work embraced in the collection sent 

to the Fahibition : Enamels and glass, pottery, lead-work, iron-work, silver-work 

jedery, medals, furniture, carved and inI&d wood, inlaid stone, plaster-cehg work 

woven and printed textiles, carpets, embroidery, Iace, bookbinding, leather-work, 

'

carvh~gs in ivory? and lettering and figuring decoration. In addition thcre wcre drawbgs 

and photographs and portfolios containing some beautiful chro~nolithographs aud 

aut-es. 

From the &!fast Municipal Techuical Institute came a number of photographs 

illustrating the 1-arious classes in industrial art. The Cra\\-ford Muicipa! Technical 

Idtnte of Cork. which makes a specialty of instruction in lace-manufacture. wnt a 

umber of lace-designs as examples of students' work. The Dub& Museum (Departmalt 

of Agricultnra! and Techical Instroction for Ireland) sent csamples of observationwork, 

and desrriptions of photographs shouing the forms of various trees in summer and 

winter. The G!asgow School of Art sent a nunlber of examples of studentsy work in the 

form of life-draning. painting, h. 

Up-to-date agricultural education in Great Britain \\-as illustrated b- photopphb 

and diagralns of scientific agriedtunrl research horn Canrbridge University (Department 

of ..4griculture). covering amongst other things e-xperiments in pasture-values, analyses 

of milk, and the composition of root-crops ; photographs, diagrams. and rarious pubhcations 

from the Cnirersit~ of Durham, and Armstrollg Coilege. Ke\vcastlc-upon-Tyne : 

diagrams, photographs, charts. and calendars from the West of &ot:and Agricdtural 

Co:!egs, G!asgo\r : and a llunlber of official publicatioiu fro111 the Departnlent of Agri- 

cn!ture and Tcchilica! Iastmtion for Ireland. 111 the horticultura: branch the Easex 

Education Committee (Bio!ogica! Department, i~lcludiilg the coullt>- S~hoo: of Horti- 

culture) sent maps showing the centres in the count?- in n-hich iilstruction in naturestud?- 

a~ld in horticu:ture had been given during the past four ?-can : s p!an of the 

('on~mittee's Horticdtura! Sc.hoo:-gardell at Che!nisfor& with its varicnls esperi~nental 

p:ots. orchard. \illel?= h.. and sets of usefill publicatiolls isqucd by the 1)cpnrtnlent. 

I11 the nlini~~g 

brauch thcrc were shotvn a ilunlher of h)terestiag photographs take11 

m~dcrgroui~d b?- n1calls of magnecrium flashlight in the King Edward 3Ii11e. the propert?of 

the Canlbonle Jfiaing Schcnd in C!ornwall, illustrati~lg the fariiitich po\idcd thcrc icn 

studc~~ts desirilig to aerjuire practira! nullillg esperiei~c~ a~ld krt~\vleclgc. 

I11 i~~~~sir thcre were c-shibits fro111 the Royal -4crdcn1- r ~ Yasic. f Lolrclo~l. a11d thv 

Royal Bfi:itary &-hocd of Music. Houlrs:u\\- : the fomler iac:udrd qwcinln~ copies of thr 

clil~!o~nasgranted b?- the acadcll~y, the C%arlea Luvas Jleda! conipeted for a~~iiua!!?- by 

t-olllposcrs, and the students' nlagazim ; the latter whooYx c-&bit contained photogaphs 

of the buiidil~gs and the studcl~ts, and olitlillcd the co~~rsc of stttdy ill nlilitary 

1111ttsic. 

I~lstr~lctioll ill the science of ~ttarigatio~~ was il!nstrat(.d h?- nit esllibit fro111 tllc. 

Lrith Salltica! Ccd!egc, Edillbqh. romprisilq pl~otographs of the roiiegc, \vorMops. 

il~d studelits at work. drawings of studci~ts, ship-l)ui!di~lg designs. and spcein~ens of 

class-work in nlathclllatics, aa~igation. and iiautiral astrollom?. There \\-ere a!so pho- 

tographs i!lustratiilg iife on board the nautiea! trailing-ship H.3f.S. " ITorccster." 

off C+recilhithc. Kent. \\-hich trains boys to bccronle officers ill the nlercalltile mari~le. 

111 techl~olog!- thcre \\-as a !argr and rnrefu!!\- r!assificd c-shibit that clescn-ed carefu! 

study froill studc~~ts in tecllical art. The Haiifns Techiuca! &ahno! sent s ilunlber of 

cards and diagrams descriptive of the organization and \vork of the evciu~~g c!rrrjscs 

of the Halifax srhoo:~. A spccia! feature of these srhcmls is the useful course d illstn~c- 

tion give11 in I\-orstcd-spillnillg. \veaving, and cngii~eeri~lg. There wcre csanlples of 

students' wea\iilg-work in the form of tartans, worsteds of rarious classes. dress fabrics. 

silk tapestries. decorative fabrics, heav tapestries. and carpets. The London Borough 

Polytechnic had specinlens of students' work in the form of book-covers, a book 011 

printing, and various other specimens of industrial ski!!. A particu!arl?- he exhibit 

u-as that sent by the Crafts Schoo! in Bethna! Green, London. eomprisiig students' 

craft-work in the original, and a number of cards containing photographs of students' 

work. The originals sent inc!uded such \-arid artides as earned mouldings, glazed

tiles, keyhole-shields in copper and brass, and a reflector for electric 5ght. These %-ere 

the work of students whose ages ranged from fourteen to twenty-one pars. The photo- 

graphs showed all kinds of work illustrating the successful application of art designs 

to industry, inc!uding cornice-mouldings, panels for plaster decoration, wood-caning, 

matchboard for dado : copper, !ad, and brass plaques; picture-frames, brass candle- 

sconces, and a vane@ of other work in metal and wood. In addition there were a large 

number of drawings and decorative designs, including some for printed fabrics and 

colours. The Northampton Iustitute, London, sent a number of articles illustrative 

of work in the meehanieal engineering, electrical engineering, and artistic crafts depart- 

ments of the school. These included some beautifully hished artistic work in the fornl 

of chased panels in stee! and copper, a carved oak-panel with herddic designs. and 

a chased yachting-shield in copper and steel. The Jdanchester Municipal School of 

Technology contributed a number of photographs showing its engineering n-orlishops. 

chemical laboratories, and cotton spinning and weaving works. The Jorthamptonshire 

County Counci! sent photographs and other data showing the scope of the classes held 

in boot and ahoe manufacture in the county. In addition, a number of other unirersities. 

colleges, and technical institutions sent calendars, prospectuses, reports, kc.. and a 

number of scientific societies and associations contributed copies of their reports, j ods. 

proceedings, dic., to the section. 

Thc Socia! Eeono~n~ e-xhibit in thc British Seeti011 was of particdm interest to 

many a thoughtful Yew-Zealander, and was one that descrvcd c-arefu! study on the 

part of the colonr's !egislators and pub!ic men. The coUection illustrated by diagrams 

and otherwise the various socia! and economical conditions in Great Britain. The 

subjects ilcludd econoruic resources and organization of industrial workers. industin! 

remuneration. co-operative institutious. provident institutions. housiug of the working- 

. classes, the !iquor question. genera! betterment movement. ref or ma to^ sehoo!~. publichealth. 

and mwlicipa! improvenwnts. Particularly prominent were the dia,pnls 

c:ontributed b~- the British Board of Trade. the Post-Office Savings-Bank. the London 

County Council and the Yetropditan ,lyp:unm Board. The Board of Trade diagranlri 

and the Post-Office Savings-Bal& diagrams were both reproduced in handy form for 

,patuitous distributio~l to visitors. The Right Hon. Charles Booth. I-e!ehrated for his 

investigations dc?a!ing with the !ifc and labour of the peop!c in London. Icilt his 400 ft. 

nlap of London and a rompkte wt of his works. Several of the leading English nmnicipr!ities 

contributecl statements and reports covering their spheres of work in the direction 

of public hea!th. the housing prob!em. policc regulations. pauperism. the wlen~p!o?-ed. 

~narkets and prices. locomotion, kc. 

Flrst in importance came the ! we charts prcpared b? the Conmnlercia: Labour and 

Statistical Department of the British kmrd of Trade. These charts \\-ere tn-(tnt?--eight 

in number and R-ere based on statistics found for the most part in the a~ulua! :umd other 

reports of the \arious departments of the Board of Trade. supplenlented by reports 

issued by the Home Office, the Local Government Bod the Department of hgrirulturc. 

and Fisheries and other Dephcnts. The first two chsrts gave the csti~~latcd number 

of persons nrcupied in various manual-labour groups of trade in thc United Kingdom. 

These showed that the !eading industries for men were agricdturc. the transport tdes 

the metal trades. building. mi*. and quarrying ; and for wonlen domestic sen-icc 

and the clothing and textile industries. The fluctuations in the various numbers in 

each tde from 1861 to 1901 were aho shown. Nest there were the charts dealing with 

employment and the rates of wages. showing fluctuations in employment and the changes 

in wages in various groups of trades spread over a long period of years. Variations 

of wholesale prir-es during the period 1871-1905 for the forty-five stap!e articles entering

iuto the national consn~ption were illustrated by another chart; these articles were 

arranged in four groups--namel~, coal and metals, raw materials of textiles, articles of 

food and drink, and other raw materials, &e. The fluctuations in the prices for each 

group were shown. A general fall in priees was shown by the ht of these charts to have 

taken place since 1873 ; in the second chart a fall was shown to have been common to 

the four groups of articles included, dthongh not SO marked in the case of coal and 

metal as in the other groups. Other interesting charts showed the prices of wheat and 

bread in Great Britain for over a hundred pears (1800-1905) ; the fluctuations in the 

period 1877-1905 in the general level of retail prices of the principal articles of food 

consumed by the working-classes in London; consumption per head of population 

of various dutiable articles of food and drinb: ; the percentage cost of eight different 

groups of artieles of food consumed by (a) urban workmen's families, (b) agricultaral 

labourers and families in London and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland respectively ; the 

]lumber of paupers per 1,000 of population in the British Islands for the period 1856- 

1905 ; the total value of Britain's foreign trade ; British shipping and railway traffic ; 

production and home consumption of coal and iron, and the home consumption of raw 

catton and raw wool ; British mercantile shipbuilding ; the numbers of workpeople 

dected by strikes and other trade disputes causing stoppage of work ; figures relating 

to trade-unionism in the United Kingdom, workmen's co-operative societies, and the 

relative risk of death from accident in certain occupations, besides the fluctuations from 

pear to pear, and the total number of deaths from industrial accidents in the principal 

wcupatioils covered b?- legislation. In these last two charts a lot ice able feature was 

the high death-rate from accidents amongst seanleu, rovering a period of the last twent?- 

mrs. The least dangerous occupation was down to be that of textile operatives, 

khich the death-ratc £roll1 accident per 10.000 employed n-as shorn to be OI$- 0-7, tu 

comprved with 58-1 per 10.000 in the case of seamen. 

The Right Hon. Charles Booth's social map of London iildicated by means of a 

wries of colours the social condition of the inhabitants of the various parts of London. 

Seven grades of social life were depicted as follows : (1.) The vicious, aenli-criminal, 

loafiq, &c. (2.) Yery poor cl-ual labour, chronic want. (3.) Poor-18s. to 

el Is. a week for a moderate fa*. (4.) Jlised class-an approximately equal propor- 

tion of persoils in povert!- and in m~nfort. (5.) Fairly colnfortable u-orlring-class and 

others on the sanle social let-el. (6.) Well-to-do ordinary middle class. (7.) rpper middle 

and wvealthy classes. Each of these ,pules was given a distinctive colour. Mr. Booth's 

first map of this bi~ld \\.as prepared in the years 1887-89. and was the outcome of a desire 

to portray ,paphicall?- a ,pat mass of information gathered for the opening volunles 

of his work " Life and Labour of the People in Tmndo~~" The present map n-as pre@ 

ten years later (1899-190), and the particulars as to social condition were the results 

of visits made b?- the author or hi secretaries in conlpany with police officers to evenstreet, 

court, and alley in London. In addition there was a large statistical sheet containing 

the facts pphical1;r presented in the map. There was also a map shoffiugthe 

positions of all the churches. schooIs. and publichouses in London. This was to 

accompany the concluding volumes of Mr. Booth's work, in which an attempt is made to 

gauge and describe the part played by each of these influences on the " Life and Labour 

of the People." The exhibit also included the seventeen volumes which comprised 

a. Booth's complete work 

The Garden C5t~ hiation of London contributed several publicatiom and a 

large number of plans and pictnres illustrative of its benevolent objects and work. The 

aim of the Garden Cic Association is to pm~note the relief of overcrowded areas, and to 

secure a wider distribution of the population over the land-primaril~, by advocating 

and assisting in the establishment of " gardell cities " on a predetermined plan, deed to secure healthful and adequate how, in which the inhabitants shall become in a

-- collective capacity the owners of the sites ; secondly, by encouraging the removal of 

from congested centres to the country, and by improving the conditions 

of existing towns. The principal pnblications sent were Mr. Howard's book " Garden 

Cities of To-morrow," which was the genesis of the movement, and " The Garden Cie 

Movement," the official handbook of the association. kbthg developments on gardencity 

lines in London were illustrated by boob of views and plans of Port Sunlight, the 

well-~lanned model village of about six hundred houses inhabited by Messfi. Lever 

Bm' employees ; the BoumviUe village near Biiham, which was largely subsidised 

by Messrs. Cadbury ; and the Fi Garden City, an estate of about 4,000 acres near 

Hitchin, Hertfordshk, which is beii developed on the principles of the Garden City 

-tion. In connection dth First Garden Ci@ a block-plan was shown illustrating 

the general scheme of arrangement of houses on a large portion of the estate, which is 

to group the cottages around a green in preference to building them facing the ordinary 

mad. Much of the builiLng of these honses is being done by the Garden City Tenants 

(Limited). This society is a copartnership undertaking, the profit on the tenant's rent, 

after repayment of principal and interest, being returned to the tenant in the form of 

share capital 

The British Home Office sent from Whiteball some valuable repork dealing uith 

the @tion of industrq- and labour, the suppre&on of crime, and the liquor question, 

and reporta and photopaphs in ,pat variety illustrating the reformatory and industrialschool 

system of Great Britain. It was explained that the aim of the Industrial Schools 

Department has been to ejie.ct a comprolnise between the literary and the practical sides 

of education, and so far as possible to dovetail the one into the other. The industrial 

training in these British schools has greatly inlproved of recent years, and must continue 

to improve as the principles of technical education are better understood Kot only 

is an effort made to occupy children at ryricul- work, tailoring, sboenmbg, carpentry, 

blqrsmith's work, plumbing, &c., in order to inculcate habits of industry, but 

the theory of what the^ are practising is explained to them so as to develop the intellect. 

Above all, the value of drawing as the basis of technical education is now generally 

mgnised. In many of the girls' schools not only do the girls assist in the school Etchen, 

but the older ones attend definite muses of cookery lea~~ns, and, besides, make and mend 

their own garmen@ and receive lessons in dressmaking. The children entering these 

reformatory and industrial schools are said to be physically the most poorly developed 

in the country, consequentl- physical tmining is an important feature. Small though 

the boys am, however, the success of the physical-dture course is attested by the large 

proportion of the bop who h d their way into the army and the navy, and by 

the fact that in open competitions with boys attending ordinary schools they more 

than hold their own. Over s hundred photographs arranged by the Chief Inspector 

of Reformatory and LAstrial Schools, Old Scotland Yard, London, were shorn in 

illustration of the various phases of the system : these included views of schools, of 

b o and ~ girls at work, of physical trsining, of summer camps, and of various trainingships 

and the boysy life afloat. There were also examples of boys' and girls' work from 

the Holne Oflice Schools Exhibition at Liverpool, July, 1906. The London County 

Council sent a large number of dia,wrns which showed amongst other facts of interest 

the density of population of the City of London for the past century ; pauperism in 

London and in England and Wales, 1862-1905; percentage of general employment 

among members of various trades in London and the qnited Kingdom since 1894 ; 

London markeb and prices of the rides of life; locomotion in London; and 

diagrams relating to the public heslth, including one showing the proportion of the 

London population overcrowded. The Post-Office Savings-Bank of Great Britain and 

Ireland showed in a large oak frame tablee- of statistics and diagrams illustrating in a 

popular manner the growth and development of Post-Office Savings-Bank business since

234 OFFICIAL RECORD 

its hceptiou in 1861. It was sho\vn that, iu 1905, 10,000,000 depositors iu the bank 

h3d f 132,000,000 to their credit. 

h~uoilgst other e-&bits 111 the Department of Social Econolny were handbooks, 

reports. &grams. kc., from the Corporatiom of London. Edinburgh, Dubliu, King- 

ham, Bradford. Glasgow: liver pool^ Leeds, and Shefield : the Guinness Trust ; Iveagh 

Tnwt, Loudou; Metropolitan Asylum Board; and the Scottish Home Industries 

.bmcbtion. 

The prii~cipttl eshildts iu the Xanl Section of the British Cburt were two large aid 

beautiful models of the latest British types of floating fortresses : one was a model of 

H.M. fimt-el- battleship " Sn-iftsure," built br Arn~stroq. Whitworth, and Co., at 

El~\~ick, fur thc C'Lli:~u C~uucruntcrtt, rtltd ptmh*tl hy the British ~oven&ent iu I(*;. 

This great \v:~r-vessel twY a displaccillc~~t of 11,PI)D toas. :nd the horse-power of her 

orgillcri is 12.3N) ; her heavy anna~~let~t incl~~rlcs four 10-iu. pns. The other model 

\vas of H.31. first-class lwttlevhip " ,All>iui~." laut~ched at the n-orb of the Thrr~lles Imawurh 

a~ld Shiphui:diug &inpan?- in 1898 ; she has a displacement of ~learlly 13,000 tons ; 

iudicated home-power, 15,500 ; a ~~d included in her thirt?--t\\.o henvy pus there are four 

huge 12-in. (46-ton) kwm. These models were co~~~pletel~ finished in every detail, down 

to the big gulls and every particular of deck furniture. Of considerable interest to New- 

7~8landem was another exhibit, the detailed drawings of H.M. first-class battleship 

" ?3et\- Zealitud." which was launched by lad^ Ouslow at Portsmouth Docliiarcl in

1'304. The " New Zealand" is one of the eight baleships known as the " King Ed- 

ward VII " class ; she is an immense ship, of 16.530 tons diplacement, and engines 

of 18,000-horse power, giving a speed of nineteen hots ; amour belting 9 in. thick, 

and an armament of fortyeight guns, including four 12-in. guns. 

The walls of the four bays in the court were hung with photoepiphs of British u-ar- 

ships of all classes, incluhg battleships, cmisers. torpedo-boats, destroyers, scouts, 

sloops, &c. Here one saw e- ,de of vessel in the p at fleet with which Britain 

keeps the seas, from the huge first-class battleships of the " h'ew Zealand " t?-pe dotvfi 

to the little scout '' Pathfinder." In all there were about for@- h e naval photo,pphs. 

Some of these pictures were of historic interest, particularly those of the older ships. 

Most interesting of all, perhaps. was that of H.M.S. " Calliope." built it1 1885, and now 

trailling-ship on the Tyuc. The " Calliope." a handsome square-rigged cruiser, was onc 

of the masted vessels tvhich patrolled the South Par& towards the end of the " eighties," 

whcu most of the British ships on the Australasian Station still used sails as an aa.iiliar?to 

steam-power. The '' Calliope's " wonderful escape from destruction in the hurricane 

at Apia, Samoa, in 1889, when Captain Iiane successfully worked the ship out to the open 

sea in the face of a gale n-hich wrecked several other warships, \till ever be memorable 

in the naval histo~ of the Pacific. 

The British \Tar Office exhibit iormed a dtaq- museum corering a large area 

of the court. eve^ Xew-Zcahnder. cirilisn as well as Volunteer, who tisited the 

court could uot but haw been interested in the variety of mute'rid for the purpws of

OFFICIAL RECOBD 

war. Amongst the artillery shown, the exhibit that drew most attention was that of 

mountain artillq, such as is used in the frequent wars on the hilly frontiers of northern 

India. The complete 10-pounder B.L. jointed gun, with its carriage, used in these 

campaigns (each mountain battery has aix guns) is so designed as to be separable into 

the following " l o w each carried by a mule on a specially shaped pack-saddle : 

(1) Breech end of gun ; (2) muzzle end of gun ; (3) wheels : (4) axle and small stores ; 

(5) carriags ; while the ammunition-mules cach carried two filled boxes of shells, fnsea, 

and cartridges. Captain At& the Commissioner, had dummy mules set up in the 

court, each with its load, to show at a glance this mode of transporting mountsin-guns. 

Other guns mounted in the court were the 'Jdaldm and Gardner automatic gum, with 

which streams of bullets can be fired at the rate of 600 per minute. Of artillerp-am- 

munition every kind was shown. from the huge armour-piercing shell for 12-in. gun 

down to projectiles for small quick-firs. There were cases, also, showing various stages 

of the manufacture of ammunition, and friction, percussion, and electric tubes used 

for firing modem guns. Specimens of harness and saddlerp as used by cavslry, artillery, 

mounted infantry, Royal Engin- and Army &Ace Corps were shown, and there 

were photographs of artillery material of various kinds. A historical collection of shot 

and shell was included in the exhibit ; amongst these relics of past days of warfare were 

specimens of chain-shot, invented by Admiral De Witt (1666), and formerly much em- 

ployed for carqhg away the rigging of ve88eIs in naval warfare ; bar-shot, used for 

the same purposg ; grape-shot ; various kin& of projectiles for the old-fashioned muzzle- 

loading guns ; and a hand-grenade, such as were frequently used by the British troops 

when attacking Haon pas in the Xcw Zealand wam of the '' sixties." 

The Royal Small -Arms Factory sent r collection of rifles, carbines, bayonets, pistols, 

cavahy swords, and lances, showiug various tppes of weapons which had been in use 

in the British army. In fuearms there was every kind, from the old " Brown Bess" 

used a hundred years ago to the LM-Enfield magazine rifle of the latest pattern. Thc 

Royal Army Clothing Dspartment sent full sets of unifornls belonging to aome of the 

most famous British regiments-the Royal Horse Guards, 11th Humus, 21st Lancers, 

Royal Horse ..l.&llerp, Grenadier Guards, the Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment, 

the Royal Fusiliem, the Royal Irish Regiment, the B!ack Watch, and the King's Royal 

Rifle Corps. These uniforms Captain Atkin had cleverly fitted up on "dummies" 

which ho had constructed at the Exhibition. There were also shown specimens of British 

regimental badges and war-medal ribbons. 

~DALS, 

COIXS, &YD SEALS. 

Adjoining the jdi!itarp Section was a splendid collection of medals, coins, and seals 

sent from the Roysl Mint, London. The total number of naval and military medds 

shown was about 330 ; in most cases two specinlens of each medal were shown. They 

covered e vq British campaign during the past ceutuq-, from Waterloo up to the South 

-Wean War and the Thibct Expedition 1WW. The triumphs of peaceful exploration 

\rere meinorisetl by several Arctic and ,Antarctic medals. 111 addition bhere was a col- 

lectioll of English coronation medals, from that of King Edward VI (1546) up to King 

Edtvard VII (I=). Of coins. there was a specimen of every current coin of the British 

Empire. There wen! photographic representations of British seals and seals of all the 

British possessions. A psrticularlp valuable and historic collection shown in glass eases 

mas that of the great seals of England from the time of Ma, King of the Merciam, AD. 

790, down to the time of Queen Victoria. hother ease contained specimens of the 

twentp-six gold, silver, and bronze medals of H.M. Board of Trade, for gallantry in 

saving life at sea, and for asidng British vessels in distress. 

At the close of the Exhibition the British Government presented the whole of the 

military, naval, and coronation medals shown in the court to the Canterbury Museum.

Of particular interest to New-Zealandere and AustxaIians, who have so much to do 

with pioneer surveying and exploring work, was the exhibit of the Royal Geographical 

Sociev, London. This collection included a fine selection of maps published-by the 

society, covering Europe, Asia, Africa, Amtdasia. America, and the polar regions. 

One of the New Zealand maps was that showing Mr. J. E Kerry-Nicholls's travels 

in 1883 in the King-countq, then a purely Maori district. There were a number of 

excellent photographs taken in the Far South regions of eternal ice by the members of 

the British Antarctic Expedition, 19024 ;I :and there was a selection of works published 

by the Royal Geographical Society in recent pears. Specimens of the following 

instruments as recommended by the sociev for explorers and geographical surveyors 

were shown : .A 4 in. transit theodolite ; Casella's traveller's trsnsit alpine theodolite ; 

pillar sextant, 8 in. ; sextant, bridge-handle pattern, 7 in. radius ; box sextant, with 

telescope, &c. ; Casella's portable circular artificial horizon ; 4 in. prismatic compass ; 

CaseIla's altazimuth, 4-& in., best cylindrical aneroid ; pocket aneroid ; watch aneroid ; 

a set of alpine maximum and minimum thermometers ; hydrometer; Livingstone's 

portable rain-gauge ; Casella's anemometer ; bst standard maximum thermometer ; 

best standard minimum thermometer ; beet standard hygrometer ; self-recording 

barometer or barograph (Richard s-m) ; self-recording thermometer or thennograph 

(Richard system) ; silver watertight keyless fusee half-chronometer watch, Londonmade. 

Other geographical eshibits were a number of excellent Ordnance Survey maps 

of Great Britain and Ireland, some of them printed in colours ; and a number of largescale 

geographical maps illustrating some of the types of maps prepared b~ the Geological 

Survey of Great Britain. The Palestine Exploration Fund, which has for its 

object th* accurate and spstematic investigation of the archamlop, topgraph?, the 

geological and phpical geography. and the manners and customs of the Hol~ Land, 

sent a number of beautiful maps of Palestine, including a large photographic relief map, 

besides a considerable number of the Fund's boohi published, dealing with mes, 

excavations, and researches in that country. 

The British Metmrological Office sent a valuable group of exhibits in iflustration 

of the methods of organization adopted b? the Meteorological Office and the institutions 

associated with it. and of the results obtained from the official weather stations and 

by co-operation with volunteer observers on land and on sea throughout the world. A 

selection of charts, diagrams, &c. from those published b? the office was 011 exhibition, 

together with specimens of the various instruments used and the working-form adopted. 

The instruments shown, some of them of the most delicate slid exact character, included 

the various barometers, thermometers, and hydrometers and other instruments used 

in the ships of the British Government and the mercantile marine ; the instruments 

used in telegraphic reporting stations, including a sunshine-recorder and barograph ; 

and the usual equipment of instruments for a normal climatological station. Some of 

the most interesting of these instruments were the automatic recording apparatus used 

at the ohid observatories (stations of the first order), which included various kinds 

of barographs and thermographs, and anemometers of different classes, and self-recording 

rain-gauges. With these instnunents were shown specimens. of autographic traces from 

the official obs=rvatories, including bsrograma (records of pressare) ; thermograms 

(records of temperature) ; and anexnograms (records of velocity and direction of wind) ; 

hyetograms (recards of rain) from rarions rain-gauges; hygrogrsms (records of the 

humidity of the air) from Richard's type of instrument ; specimens of sunshine-records

OVPIC'IAL RECORD 

frolu Filhlouth. summer and winkc, and specimens of suu1shine-rerords for the m1c 

dates from the F abd Islands in the South Atlautic. The self-recoding rain-gav 

were especially interesting, and included specimens of various kinds irom the leadmg 

British xnanufacturers of meteorological instruments. Some recorded by traces the 

gradual fag of the rain, others at intervds by snug tipping-buckets making either a 

direct record on a drum driven b\- a clock or ehe forna m electrical connection by 

mean9 of which the record was made in a distant office and automatically inscribed 

at the proper time. Thxe were various charts, reports. &e., showing the latest methds 

adopted in telegraphic reporting, forecasts and storm-warnings, in preparing meteoro- 

logical ocean-charts and the various weather reports issued br the Mehro1ogical Office 

diagram showing th.3 relation between the yields of wheat end bsrley in the United 

Kingdom the warmth of spring and summer, the rainfall ; and a great variety of other 

charts, maps, and diagrams. 

k the ditision of thii sertion olcslillg ~4th esperinienta! investigatiuim there were 

3 ilunlber of instruments used by meteoro!ogical obsen-en in the i~lvcstigrtion of the 

nppcr-air ru~lditiols : one nf these was a haX-sized 11lode1 of the kites up~d for raising 

the nleteorograph high into the air for recording the barometric pressure, tenlpcnttlre, 

and hwuidi~. There were meteomgraphs consistiug tvf r.loc:k\\-ork which turns the paper 

ahcts for rcrcii-illg the records. and pens wtwttcd by apparatus which is affec:tec\ h~ 

prsssure. tmlperaturc, &c. Thzre were hs-o ller mctcn~phs for balloons. ~vcighiug 

:q oe. and 1 oz. respcctivc!y: a photograph of a winch for \&ding in Eix-\\~, and 

speell~le~ls o f records obtained. Another exc-?- seilsitiw hutnunent shorn was 

a miaro-barograph for recordily: the minor flwtuatinlls of atmospheric pzessm. 

The carious instruments in this sec:tio~~ nuany of them requiring the greatest skill 

in hanrlliug. \mre carefully set up in position by the Rev. D. C. Bates, nf the Yon. 2halnnd 

Gai-~r~l~~lc~lt X~tc?arologicnl Office. Wellington.

" One of the most notable features in modern life," said the informative introductory 

note to the list of the exhibits organized br the Boyd Photoboraphic Sot4et.y of Great 

Britain, "is the widely extended use of photography, not o d as ~ a pictorial art for 

producing pictures from ~lstnre in monochrome or colour, which in point of esthetic 

merit may well rank as work of he art, but as a graphic art of universal application 

for the illustration of books, newspapers. admbkbtive reports, and public docunlents 

of all kinds, as well as for reproductions of works of art by photo-mechanical processes 

akin to wood or copper-plate enpa- and lithograph?-. It has become absolntely 

indispend~le in all branches of scientific inv-tion as a means of truthfully and 

autonlatically recording observations of phenomena or delicate details of structure, 

which would be quite beyond the power of the skilled draqhtsman to portray. It may 

fairlr be said that few of the applied sciences enter so largely into our daiiy life as 

photo,orphy." 

The two branches of photography referred to-the pictorial, and scientdic and 

technical ~hotoera~hr-were illustrated br a large collection of pictures numbering 

270, sho& on t%e &ails of the various bay; in the British Court. - 

In p dp pictorial work there were many exceedingly beautiful triun~phs of the 

camera, many of them shoning that subordination of detail and broadness and sug- 

gestiveness of effect that almost persuaded one ther were the productions of a brush 

or crayon artist instead of the work of a mechanical photo,ppher. The examples 

shown were representatil-e of the best modern English pidorial photo,oraphy, the 

encouragement and advance~~lent of which is one of the prilicipal 01)jects of the Royal 

PhotoCorphic Society. The artistic photo,pphs shown included all sorts of subjects, 

from landscapes and seascapes to portraits, and nunlbered 132. Some particularly 

beautiful photopphic effects were those in some of the pictures of twilight, evening, 

and sunrise. 

In the scientific and technical photography subdivision there were numerous 

examples illustrating the lnamellous manner in which photo,pphy has 1~x11 applied 

to observation and recording of astronomical phenomeua. The Royal 0b.sen.atq. 

Greellwich, and other British obsen~atoriesy =hibits showed da* records made of the 

sun's disc, and various records of the sta.rry world. In eoli~~cction with astronon~?- there 

were two particularly interesting vie\rs sent by the Solar Ph?.sies Observato~. South 

Kensington, illustmtii~g researches made 11y Sir Nonnnn Locliyer into the religiousastronomical 

monuments erected in Europe, E,a?pt, and elsewhere thonsands of years 

ago. There were vie\= of the Stone Circle at hwe~i-Gn iu Cornwall, \I-hich is believed 

to have been built and used for astroiiomical obeervations by the ancient ii~habitants 

of Britain about 2000 B.C. From a careful survey of a number of British stone circles. 

including this one, Sir Sorn~an has amved at the conclusion that these lnonulnents and 

the outjying nlonoliths near them were erected for religious-astroliomicol purposes 

during the period 9300-1~10 B.C. A stone circle was erected on a plain having a clear 

horizo~l, and outl.+g stoues aud barrows were set up in such positions that the rising 

of the sun on one of the festil-a1 days would take place at that point on the horizo~i tipped 

by the apes of the stone or barrow-. At eertain seasons--e.y., the Ma? festiral (our 

nlodern May Daybit was llecessafi for the astronomer-priesb to prepare a sacrifice 

by the time the sun rose, and in those cases outlying stones were erected to mark the 

rising-point of a bright star which appeared on the horh about an hour before the 

festival sunrise, thereby giving warning of the coming of the principal luminary. 

There were several curious shadow-pictures produced by the action of the X-rays, 

particularly Dr. Rodman's radioggphs of rnollmca and Dr. Holland's surgical radioe-ph.

Moonlight photography was represented by two photographs taken by Sir W. Abney, 

which were of interest as showing that satis£act~ry pictutes might thus be made. 

Dr. Vaughn Cornish, who has made a close study of wave-motions, md, snow, 

and water, sent several illustrations of water-waves, ship' waves, roll waves, and 

stationary waves, which were particularly instructive as exemplifying the value and 

capabilities of the modem methods of photographing objects in rapid motion. Another 

remarkable example of this was seen in the photographs of flping bullets by Professor 

Boys, lent by Messrs. Newton and Co. Photo-micrography, another important development 

of scientific photography which is applied to all branches of science, was represented 

by numerous exhibits, some of which illustrated the structure of nickel, steel, 

iron, and other metals, and some of the subtle changes that take place in metals under 

variations of ph.ysical wnditions. 

In meteorological photography there were some excellent photographs of cloudtypes 

by Captain Wilson-Barker, R3.R. Some good examples of work with the telephotographic 

lens were exhibited by Xr. Bagot Molesworth, one of them being a view 

of Mount Vesnvins fmm eight miles oE, and another a peak of the Pyrenees, photo- 

,pphed at a distance of thirty-two miles. This method of photography, by whit? an 

enlarged image of distant objects is obtained on a lens, has great possibities for 

militarJr Pnrpoaes- 

In vulcanology, Dr. Tempest Anderaon showed a number of good photographs 

illustrating the recent eruptions of Vesuvius and Stromboli. 

The London County Council School of Photo-engraving and Lithography contributed 

a number of illustrations of spectrum tests of various autochromatic photographic 

plates, together with results of experiments made to ascertain the absorption 

of various dyes, &c., used in making colour-filters for three-colour-printing work. These 

results were-of considerable intesto colour-printers. 

Among other technical applications of photography illustrated were specimens of 

photogravure-process blocks and reproductions in black and white and in two colours 

by the Swan Electric Engraving Company, of Londoa 

The Autottype Company, of London, exhibited some excellent reproductions by 

the photo-collotype process, and an illustration of the process showing the gelatine 

film on glass before inking. the plate inked ready for printing, and the finished print. 

The Autotype Company also sent a copper plate of medals produced by their photogravure 

process, steekfaced in order to harden the surface, and ready for printing, with 

a print h m the same. 

Photographing in colours has alu-a~ been an interesting problenl to photographers, 

but it is only recently that any successful practical results have been obtained-these 

by an indirect method, in which the rays forming white light are separated into three 

,goup, corresponding to the three primary colour-sensations, red, green, and blueviolet. 

Two good specimens of prints photographed in eolour from nature were sent by 

the Rotary Photographic Compauy, of London, one of still life and the other a village 

scene. 

Some clever and curious pictures of animal-life were included in the collectionamong 

them Mr. Martin Duncan's " Octopus attacking a Crab," Mr. Oliver G. Pike's 

studies of buds, and W. Parren's photos of birds and bird home-life. 

A collection of ninety-two excellent Wry photographs taken and exhibited by 

Sir Benjamin Stone, X.P., of B-ham, illustrated in a manner that particularly 

interested New-Zealanders some of the immeasurably ancient festivah, ceremonies, and 

customs that are preserved to this % in the British Isles. The object of Sir Benjamin 

Stone's work is to preserve a permanent pictorial record of current national life and

histors and the collection shown was a carefully selected series chosen for the purpose 

of illustrating the peculiar educational value of such pictures. To dwellers in this new 

count^ there was much food for thought in these illustrations of quaint old customsz 

all of which dated back for man? centuries, and some of them for thousands of pears. 

Amongst them were pictures of the Day Festival at Knutsford, with the Xay Queen 

and the morris-dancers and the picturesque proceasiom. How many know that the 

origin of May and the Map Queen can be traced back to Xak, the mother of Mercury, 

to whom the Romans offered sacrifice ? May Day ceremonies are said to be an intermixture 

of the observations in the ancient homage paid to Jlaia and to Flora, the goddess 

of flowers. Another ancient custom illustrated, the o i g of which is lost in the mists 

of remote antiquitv, was the Baal fires, kindled at Whalton and elsewhere in Northumberland 

on St. John's Eve and Midsummer Eve. There were pic- of the villagers 

bringing in and building up the piles of faggots, and the Whalton bonfire prepred for 

lighting. These midsummer fires are said to be a survival.of an exceedingly ancient 

pagan rite-the fires which the Phoenicians used to kindle in honour of the god Baal. 

The Great Pole Fair held at Corb~ once every twenty years, which commemorates the 

charter granted by Queen R~1~~beth *m 1585, and conhned by Charles 11 in 1682, 

the men of the parish from town and bridge toll throughout the kingdom, and from 

serving in the militia and on juries, was illustrated by three pictures taken on the 19th May, 

1902. These pictures showed the Chainaan of the District Council reading the charter 

in public, and the custom of " poli.,~ " and " chrhg " strangers entering the village. 

and the placing of officials and visitors in the village stocks until the? have paid some 

small toll. The celebrated Welsh Eisteddfod or gathering of the national bards of Wales 

was illustrated by three pictures, showing the opening of the bardic meetings fthe survival 

of the ancient Druidic meetings) at Bangor, and the btdation of a chaired Bard 

at l3angor in 1%. 

Five photographs illustrated the ancient custom of " Tyuwald Day " in the Isle of 

Nan. when, according to immemorial usage. the laws of the island are md publicly 

on the Tylwdd Hill--an annual ceremony--in Manx and Enghsh. This cerenlonr 

dates bark to the bps of the sagas and the sea-king. The photographs mere takeu 

on the occasion of the Tynwald gathsring on the 5th July, 11900. Other photographs 

illustrated the Guy Fawkes search, which has been kept up from the time of the Gunpowder 

Plot to the present day, when the vaults of the Houses of Parliament are di5gent!? 

searched early on the first morning of the sessio~l. There were pictures of the 

Green-hill Bower Day or Court of hw, including a display of the tom's arms, which 

has beeu kept up in Lichfie!d since the days of Queen Maq- ; views of the historic Tower 

of Lom~don; that singular surviva! of primitive naturc festivals. the Cornish Flower 

Dance or " Furry." which is kept up with great merriment at Helston in Com~vall on the 

8th Ifas called " Furr~ Day "-reall?- Flora Da.r ; the Hocktide festival observances 

in the o!d-fashioned town of Hungerford : the " Horn Dame." an ancient custom at 

Abbott-Bromnley. Staffordshire : the collection of " nwth mone~." r relic of the ancient 

feudel da.m at Knightlow Hi!l in Wan~ickshirc. by the Duke of Bucclcuch : " Garland 

. Day " at Abbotsbruy, Dorsct--a suni~*al of the ancient festiva! of Xeptulle ; the ancient 

ceremony of dressing the wells with Bowers at Tisington in Derbyshire ; High!and 

sports and pipers' competitions, and the Harvest Homc at Whalton Northumbedand. 

a survival of the ancient festival of Ceres. 

Besides the there wers a great number of pictures of places and objects of historic 

interest in Great Britain, to annotate 6 t h wodd be to write a book of history. A fine 

series of pictures illustrated Westminster Abbey. Then there were picturns of Windsor 

Castle ; many fully iEnstrating the gorgeous scenes at the coronation of King Edward 

VII, and a number of the British Houses of Parliament. Other histcric pictures showed 

some of the nlost venemble baroilid halB and ancient castles and manor-houses, and 

16--Exhibition.

a variee of other memory-haunted spots, from the immeasurablp ancient monoliths 

and trilithons of Stonehenge, set up by the labour of a long-vanished race, to the great 

Roman wall across Northumberland. and various places at Strstford-on-Avon associated 

dth the memoF of Shakespeare. 

THE CANADIBN COURT. 

Incomparably the hest comerrial and i~tdnstrial display from outaide the bodarks 

of New Zdand was that fnrniahed b~ the Dominion of Canada. In beaup of general 

arrangement and in the skilful exhibition of its immense rarieq of contents, it was a 

ndel court. New-Zealandem were not unfamiliar with the enormous range of natural 

resources and wealth that the pat Dominion possease~,~but the extmordiiy varied 

character of her products a~d the eseellenee of quality of the article manufactured 

from the raw material was an eye-opener equafl~ to the business man and the manufacturer 

and to the ordiuq- sight-seeing visitor. Canada well recognises the solid 

adrantages of advertisement to be gained from international exhibitions, and no great 

fair is held in any part of the world that does not include an attractive Canadian Court 

in which the products of the Dominion are set out. The Dominion spends about GO,,000 

annually in this way, and considers the money expended a good investment. Canada, 

it was made c!ear by her Commissioners at the Exhibition, does not wek to draw &!em 

from New Zealand, we1 knowing the climatic and other advantages of this country; 

but she desires to promote trade relations between the two countries, to induce Kew- 

Zealanders to take the Oansdian route on their travek to the Old Comw, and generally 

to foster a feeling of close friendship.

The Canadian Court was located ic the south-eastern portion of the Exhibition 

Building, near the Street entrance. It had a pavilior-front of its om with 

a special entrance. The design of the pavilion corresponded with that of the lIain 

Bddii~g ; the pediment over the entrance bors ornamental designs of corn-sheaves. s ~ - 

bohing Canada's grat agricu!tura! industry. The frontage of the court was 1% ft. 

The total space occupied was 21,900 square feet ; the floor and wall-space devoted to 

exhibits mas 18,000 square feet. The entire court was surrounded bp a series of gracefu! 

and decorative arches which plaidy defined the bounds of the display. The scheme of 

decoration was esceedinglp handsome, with a simplicity that made it doubly effectire 

in an artistic sense. The waE-space was cowred with red art musk, which was panelled 

with wheat sheaves and ears and sta? arranged in a varietp of beautiful designs, some 

forming iutenvoren arrhes, othersJfatl-:il;e p and chevron-shaped patterns. Or 

eve^ arch the nams -' Canada " stood out prominentl~, surrounded by a border of cornsheaves. 

aud everywhere mas the map:e-Ieaf, Canada's national " totem" The tastefu! 

ad handsome adornment of the ma!ls of the suite of rooms occupied bp the Cornlaissioners 

\\-as zspwia!!- admired ; it set a he e1xmp:e of art decoration to the other courts 

in the Eshibition. 

To the Yew-aalandzr and the nsithg Austra'L~l the court was indeed an education 

in mattzrs Canadis11 : the careful arrangement and classification and adequate labcKi 

of the eshibits cnabid one to readily gather a good idea of the scope and qualie of the 

whole display. To further insure that the visitor should learn something definite about 

the grsat Dominion. he was presentd nith boob and bookiets dealing with the countrT;.

its industries and its progress, from the copious Government handbook, similar to our New 

Zedand Tesr-book down to a daine 1itt:e pamphlet containing " One Thousand Facts 

abont Cansda." Most people hew in a general way that Canada was the great 

of the world, and there was a vague impression that her chief products were wheat and 

snow, but the pub3cations issued in the court furnished in convenient tab& form 

an immense amount of useful infomlation abont the Dominion, and assuredlr no one 

who walked through the aisles of Canada's g'littering court, even if he only glanced at 

the pplllids and cases and piles 01 raw mat9riaI and the may of msnnfactured goods 

on either hand. could fail to come awa? x-kiidl~ impressed with the present vast 

importance and inealcuhbly enormous possibilities of Canada's great industries. 

The cshibits to n-hieh the conrt was dm-nted consisted of nunerals, agricultmql 

products, fruits, machinery, and general manufactured articles in great numbers and 

variety. The mineral section was probab!? the one that most impressed the risitor 

4th the Dominion's wealth-producing capaciv. In this division no opportunity was 

lost of impressing the Fisitor with the immensie of the treasure that lies beneath Canada's 

soil. Placards announced that " Canada produces a greater variety of economic minerals 

than any other country in the wor!d " ; that " Canada has 10,000 square miles of cd- 

bearing area " ; " Cansda has the largest asbestos-deposits in the world " ; " Canada 

has the largest cobalt-deposits in the world " : " Canada produces more than ha3 the 

mor!ds suppl~ of nickel " ; and " Canada produces the highest quantity of mica for 

electrical purposes in the world." The metals and their ores shown included gold, 

silrer, iron, zinc, coppa, lead, mercv, antimony, nickel, srsenides and silver.

magnetite, manganese, chromitc, tungsten, and molybdenite. clllurial go!d and auri- 

ferous orss wen! shown in grat variety from different parts of the Dominion. Since 

1862 Canada has produced over £40,000.000 steriing in gold, and in the pear prior to 

the Exhibition the total gold-yield was close upon f3,000,000 stezling. More valuab!e, 

however, than the gold are Canada's great coal-seams, from which her miners hewed in 

1905 anthracite coal, bituminous cod and lignitc to the vdue of over three and a half 

millions sterling. The iron-deposits of Canada, too, are of immense value ; there are 

about a dozen iron-smelting works in actire operation in the Dominion. Of other minerals 

there was a good display of askstos. of which Canada supplies the best kind. The 

Dominion produces about 90 per cent. of the wor!d's supply of this valuable materiaL 

the demand for which is continually incrzasing. The exhibit showed every form of this 

product and its uses. fro111 the raw rcwk t~) ;rsbc.stm rope and cloth. -inother n~ilicrr! 

eshibit carryiug special intcrzst ~.onsisted of spccinle~ls of mica. which comes fro111 C'ana- 

&an mines ill thick slabs several feet in sup~~ficial area. In addition. there was a display 

of the various artirles of ~tlanukctuue in which it is used in Canada. Calriuill-carbide. 

fro111 which acec-lene gas is clevelopcd. was a!so sholc-11. Corundunl. a va!uable substitute 

for euier?-. used for gindi~~g and po:ishing purposes. was another useful millera1 

of which sailiples \\-ere shown. 111 building-stones. marb!~, granite. and s?-elute of bcautiful 

grain were eshibited. and sanlp:es of other building-materials brought out froin 

Canada -,ere salldstone, limestone, :ime and cement. R-psum, brick and terra-cotta 

work and roofing-slabs. 

The fact that Canada, with her immense area of arable land and her bounteous 

fertility, is one of the grcatcst grain-prcdnci~lg countries in the N-orld, was brought to

llliud by a large stand of sp!mdid samples of wheat and other cercals produced on the 

grcat plains of the ccntra: portion of the Dominion. Canada prcduccs annuall? nearly 

300.000,000 bushe!s of grain of all Ends. and in 1906 the &tcd $cld of her wheatcrops 

was 90,250.000 bashe&. From Montreal and Toronto, and also from Victoria 

and British Co:umbii came excellent samp1es of flour. oatmeal, rolled oats, flakc oatmeal. 

&-rising pancake-flour. and other milled grain-products. From a large ~ucat-packing 

company in Ontario there was a fht-class display of bacon of al! kinds and pottrd 

meats. The dairying business, which is attainiug such large dinlellsions in Canada, 

and which is being co~lducted on scientific 'hes much as in Hem* Zealand, was illustrated 

br escelle~~t samples of cheese of various kinds from Toronto, besides some condensed 

milk. Fruit-growing. which has become xrithin the last few years one of Canada's most 

itnlmrta~~t 

i~tdustries was represellted in the court by sonw cscellcilt san~ples of the 

products of the orchard. There n-as a beautifulir arranged display of bottled fruits- 

of the most inxiting character in a central position in the court, besides sonlc splendid 

fresh apples. the principal fruit growl. In a recent season Canada's total production 

of apples \\-as considerably over M.000.000 bushels. Most of the apples shown in the 

court callle fro111 the great fruit-orchard Amom as Coldstream Ranch. the propcrQ- of 

Lord Aberdecn. in the Okallnpan Taller. The chief bottled fruits shonn were peaches, 

pears. and plums. 

Canada's immense forests are one of her main sources of wealth ; the total exports 

of the products of the lumberman's business during a recent season reached the value 

of ox-er E7.0.000. The manufacture of wood-pulp is one of her peat industries ; scores 

of pulp-ndls are working. and there are Inany paper-mills. In the enormous pine forests

NEW zEALAx0 ESHfBrnOX. 

of the Dominion there is an inexhaustible source of the raw material for paper-making ; 

New Zealand already imports a good deal of this from the Dominion. Every stage of 

the manufacture of paper was illminted in the Court, from stacks of spruce and other 

timbers to the pulp and the hished article, ranging hm the finest note-paper to all 

kinds of machine-printed wall-paper and the great ro& on which the daily newspapers 

are printed. Besides the mannfsctnre of paper, Canada uses wood-pulp for making a 

great many articles, from cotton-wool to carpets and boots, car-wheels and steampipes. 

Samples of these were shown, and also examples of the way in which the pulp is being 

turned to account for such useful indurated-fibre ware as buckets and pans. It was 

wonderful to think that all these &rent articles were made from the same raw material 

as the daily newspaper- 

That famous product of the great Canadian woods, the sugar yielded by the maple 

tree, was one of the many interesting features of Canada's Court. A large supply of 

maple-syrup, which had been brought to Christchurch by the Canadian Commissioners, 

was converted into thousands of cakes of sugar each weighing 2 oc., and these cakes 

were all distributed to the young people visiting the Exhibition. This sugar, it was 

explained to visitors, is ~gade from the pure sap of the maple-tree, which runs very 

freely in the spring-time, when the trees are tapped by boriq auger-holes. Under 

Eavourable conditions an average sugar-maple-tree runs from eight to twelve quarts 

of sap per day. This sap is boiled down into sugar ; it takes about ten quarts of sap 

to make a pound of sugar. This sugar is not the only thing for which the maple-tree 

is useful for it is a valuable timber-tree, and it does not seem to be injured by the sugartapping. 

Not only is it a useful tree, but it is one of the most beautiful in the American 

forests, and its handsome red and golden leaf is Canada's national emblem. 

Another interesting and attractive exhibit, the product of the forests, was a-collection 

of the beautiful canoes for which Canada is famous, built on the shaply model of 

the Indian canoes, but of thin cedar-planking instead of the olden birch-bark. Light 

and graceful craft, that brought up a mind-picture of the canoe that came to Hiawatha 

as he stood on the shores of " Big-Sea- Water "- 

.I birch canoe with pacWles v, sinking. on the water, 

Drippmg, &stung in the sunshine. 

These canoes (made at Peterborough, Ontario) are beginning to come into use in New 

Zealand, and indeed they would be exceedinglp well suited for mall? of our inland waterways, 

and provide a delightful means of exploring shallow rkers and creeks and for 

enjoying the thdhg sport of mmiq the rapids of the Wanganui and similar streanls. 

The Slaori dug-out canoe, beiia so thick and solid, is safer in navigating snrrg~ rivers ; 

the advantages of the Canadian canoe, on the other hand, are its estreme lightness 

and handiness, and its good carryhg-capacity on a draught of a few inches. 

The manufactured articles in the court numbered many hundreds, and it is hardly 

possible to enumerate them all here. Some of the most eye-pleasing were the products 

of the woodwvork factories, in the way of beantifullp finished furniture made from 

Canadian oak and other ornamental woods. The bentwood chairs for which Canadian 

factories have such a fine name mere shown in various styles ; these came from a large 

furniture-factory at Owen Sound, Ontario. The tables, chairs, and desks exhibited 

were all highly finished, and combined exceedingly well ntili? with artistic desii. 

Then there were beautiful pianos and organs, splendidly hished and of the highest 

quality and tone ; wheel vehicles of good useful patterns and the best workmanship ; 

harvesting-implements, cultivators, seeders, lawn-mowers, and general agricultural 

implements of all kinds ; cheese-facto ry, cresmerp, and dairy machinery ; windmills 

and pumps, hose-towers, signal-towers, steel structtues, hydraulic rams and general 

water-supply appliances-all from great manafactming establishments in the Province


of Ontario. Amongst the ~&ellaneous items were a pyramid of bottles of Cauadiau 

; a display of bic~cles, automobiles (gasoline and electric) ; railway motor-ears, 

and gasoline and oil eqhes of liiuds ; hots and shoes of all liiuds, and a varied 

collection of the ~ bber footnear so la*>- made in Canada ; sewing-machiuea, musical 

instruments, children's top ; *writers ; a display of m.0011en fabrics from Nova 

Scotia ; ladders of all hds of the latest aud most useful patterns, and a =eat variety 

of other products of Csnadian manufacture. 

The offices comprised two Conunissioners7 rooms, a general office and a receptionm~n, 

decorated with the same taste and shrill as shown in the court outside, and fitted 

with Canadian oak furniture specie brought out from the Dominion for the purpose. 

On the outer walls were mouuted some exceptionall?- fine specheus of heads of moose 

aud caribou, Canada's bii game ; and there were manF large pictures illustrative oi 

Canada's agricultural districts and its general scenery. The Canadian Pacific and the 

Grand Trunk Railways, the two transcontinental railways, also had esdent views 

on exhibition, illustrating particularly the grand mountain scenery travereed by their 

lies. 

Mr. T. H. Race and JIr. IT. A Burus, the Cauadian Coeioners, wereaccompallied 

to the colony b ~- three experts-Yr. R. L. Broadbent, mineralogist ; Mr. A. W. 

Despard, ill charge of the dmratio~ls ; and Mr. H C. Knowlton, in charge of the fruit 

aud other food exhibits : aud to the experience and skill of these geiltlemen the excellent 

amugement and general attractiveness of the court w e r e very largely due. 

The Preulier, Sir .Joseph Ward, received the folloniq nlessap from the Prctnicr 

of C'auada on the opelingday : " Cauada sell& &metin@ to the sister ~0101~~- 011 the 

opeiliug of the Exhibition to-nmrrow, alid k t nlshes for success. Much ggltified to 

participate, and trust that Canada's eshibits will add ~U~~IW~.--LAURIER.~' 

Replying to Sir M'ilfrid Laurier's ~ilessage, Sew Zealand's Premier sent the follo~vi~ig 

: " Prenuer Laurier, Otta\\-a*-New Zealand heartil~ reciprocates and appreciates 

Calladds good wishes. E-shibition rnagllXcent success. Canada's display a credit 

to your country, aud hope the foreruuner of illcreased comnlercial re1atious.-Waru, 

Premier." 

TEE C~NADIAX COUUISSIONERS. 

'l'hc Canadian Co~iitl&iotiers were Mr. T. H. Race, represeutiug the Go\wl~llent 

of C'aitada, rud Mr. William A. Burils. con~nlercial representati\.e of the Don~inioii. 

Yr. Race. a tall courtl~ gentlellmn of the old school, \\-on high popularity duritip 

his sta? ill h-ew Zealand. Canada could ha\-e seut 110 more fittiug representative to 

uphold her dignity and traditiolls in her far-remo\-ed sister Donlinion. He never wearied 

of receiving x-isitors in his court, of furuishi~lg infonnation to inquirers regardiq his 

countq- aud the spleudid specinlells of its in dust^ on eshibition : and, as an afterdiliuer 

speaker at the numerous official aild social gatherings held in Christchurch during 

the Eshibitiou season, he estreiuely felicitous, and lost no opportunit? of making 

~na~ufest his admiratio11 for these latlds of the Far South. Xr. Race, although all- 

.imericau for so many years, was born in the north of England. He went to Canada 

in the early " Wes " with his parents, who settled uear the town of Port Hope. When 

the American Civil War was ragiq in 1863, young Race left school and went south, 

bent on seeing something of soldierhg life. He served for some time in the Confederate 

forces, '' but before long," he sa~, " I discovered that the great cause of justice and 

right was really with the h'orth, and I left m?- Southern corps as soon as I could," 

Joining the Federal army. he witnessid some of the most famous events in that great 

struggle, and at the end of the war returned to his home, and for several years worked 

as a farmer. Subsequentl~. after some experience of business pursuits, Mi. Race berame 

a jourualist, and for nearly thirt>- years he has been a prominent Canadian newspaper-

writer. He has always been closely in touch 6th agriculture in its various branches. 

and is interested in fruit-culture. During his life in Canada he has held 

many -tiom of honour and influence, and has had considerable experience of inter- 

natiod-exhibition work. 

Mr. William A Burns, Canada's commercial representative, is a Canadian b!- bi1 th. 

He was some years ago appointed with Colonel Hutchison to the Eshibitio~l 

Branch of the Dominion Government. For many rears he was a commercial traveller 

in Camda, and during the last six or seven pears has been representiug his Government 

at Eshibitious in different parts of the world. His special nlission is to promote trade 

and to disseminate infonuation regardiug the scope and possibilities of the Dolllinioll's 

immense natural resources and the high qualit? of her manufactures. 

AUSTRALIAN COURTS. 

XER SOUTH WALES. 

New South Wales, New Zealand's mother-colony, t.he n-xt of the Australias 

and the one which has from the earliest times he!d the c!osest conlmmial re!ations 

with this counlq, was represented at thc Exhibition by a comt of pro~ortiolls and u-mlth 

of contents befitting thc senior State of the C.omonwea!th. This court occupied all 

area of 10,000 square feet in the southern section of the Main B d d i and in decorative 

art had considerable claims to admiration. A r.o~~~picuous feature was a hanhn~c 

State arch, upheld by three massive co!mns and fia~dccd by a Corinthia~ aolowlade. 

in fibrous~plaster. sumu~ldill,o the:eourt. A fine u-ool arch, enlblenlatir of thc State's 

b~eatest source of wealth, s d near the prhripal e~ltra~~cc. Withill the court ~\-ere 

-

OPPLC'IAL BBCOBD 

the offices of the State official representatives-Mr. H. C. L. Anderson, Executive 

Commissioner for New South Wales ; Mr. W. G. Durie, Executive Secretary ; and Mr. 

Larcombe, Mineralogist. 

The exhibits in the New South Wales Court were classified in a number of well- 

defined sections. The Lands Department of New South Wales made a large display 

of maps and diagrams. The reeently estab!ished Intelligence Department and Tourist 

Bureau showed a collection of photographic enlargements illustrating the industrial, 

pastoral, and agricuItnra1 resources and the attractive tourist resorts of New South 

Wales. The Lands Department Forestry Branch sent a collection of representative 

samples of the commercial timbers of New South Wales, dressed, undressed, and in the 

rough, together with manufactnrcd articles in the rough, and specimens illustrating 

the durability and life of the timnk. Thc agricdtanl Department of the State d e 

a fine display of orchard-products, grains, grastx, &., including every kina of articie 

raised from the soil, from apricots to cider and olive-oil, and wheat, barley, oats, fodder- 

grass, peas, and other Icgumcs. The New South Wales Department of Public Instmc- 

tion sent eshibits of students' work from the S+p Technical College (these mrc 

placed on view in a separate bay new the southern entrance of the Exhibition). The 

Department of Public htruction also sent exhibits from the Technological Xnseum, 

Sydney. Theae eonskk-d of rnanu£acturd articles made from Hew South Wales timbers, 

and samples illustrating the special qualities of the hardwood timbers; specimens, 

both rough and polished, of trschytc, granite, rrnd Pyrmont sandstone ; models of the 

edible fishes of New South Wdes ; samples of diffqent kinds of Xew South Wales wools, 

.

illustrating their manufacturing properties, and an exbibit of specimens of essential 

oils, illustrating the result of yeam of =ch by the Museum in coll~~ection with the 

essential 02s of the State, and demonstrating the commercial possib'ities of these oils, 

eqe&lly thm of the eucaipt. The Mines Department and other exhibitors sent a 

great colieetion of exhibits iUustrating the State's mineral resources. Then came exhibits 

from private firms throughout the State illustrative of nearly evq important 

indw and manufacture in New South Wales. These-exhibits included such diverse 

MR. H. U. L. AX~EIISOS. ESECLTIVE C'O~I~IISSIOXEB 

FOR S E\V SO~TH \~-ALES. 

articles ari specitnen fleeces of wool. specimens of nines made iu the State. soaps of all 

kinds, foods manufactured from New South Wales cereals, biscuits, pianos, billiard- 

tables; tweeds, &c., made from New South Wales wool ; manufactures from white- 

marble quarries ; bars of pig lead and other mineral products from Broken Hill ; agri- 

cultnral implements ; a pamidal trophy of bottle-manufacture ; potash minerals 

and products of various kinds : coachbui?ders' and wheelwrights' mate ria!^ and parts ; 

collections of furs from New South Wales animals, and skim of native birds ; paintings 

in oils of Australian flowers ; boots and hoes ; stained-g!aas windows ; grass-seed ; 

and a model of an up-to-date wool-shed.


A collection of representative samples of the State's commercial timbers included 

some beautiful specimens, particularly those of the celebrated Australian hardwoods. 

Them was the ironbark, dark red in colour and tough and durable, 

Australian 

so much used for railway sleepers, piles, bridge-construction, and 

**- bcams in largz bddings ; there was the red-cedar, a very valuable 

timber, dark red amd beautifull? markcd ; there were specimens of the Australian rose- 

wood (so called because of its scent), of much value in furniture-making, shipbdding, 

&. ; the white b-wh, one of the most useful of Lldigenous ti~nbers ; the durable and 

elastic silh'p oak, fine-grained and prettily marlred ; the tough and useful red 111ahogany ; 

the Syduey blue-gum, light red in aolonr. strong and lasthg ; the spotted gum. 4 for 

shipbuilding, wheelmaking, Bc. ; spechens of the lofiy blackbutt eucalypt, so highly 

prized for houae carpen-! ehipbdding, bridgep-, and strect-paving b!oclrs, and 

about equal in strength to the tough ironbark ; the my-gum, and other hard, haw, 

tough, and useful timbcrs ; the woolly-butt, a eucalypt that has been hom~ to keep 

sound for more than pears ; the stringy bark, the bark of which is used for roofing

sheds and conntq dwellings in Australia, much as the &oris in New Zealand use the 

tcrnqai, the thick bark of the totma-pine ; the close-grained grey boxwocd, nsrd for a 

great varieq of purposes-; the turpentine-tree, nsed for piles and p08t8, and cs such said 

to be almost imperishable ; the white mahogany. a good rai!way-sleeper timbtr. Samples 

of paving-bl~cks were shown in tallow-wood, b!aekbutt, grey-gum, Sydney blue-gam, 

red mahogany, and bmsh-box. Railway-s!eepers were shorn cut from the two ironbarks, 

the red and white mahogany, tallow-wood, blackbutt, grey-gum, a ~ grey-box. d 

The great \roo1 industry of New South Wa!rs was i!!u&akd by some sp!endid 

mples of the staple commodity of the State, from the fincst merino clothing-woo: 

to the many excellent grades of crossbreds. New &nth Wales at the time of the Ekhibition 

season had about 44,000,000 sheep to shear. The specimens of vool &own 

were suitable for the man&- of any and all kinds of fabrics, from the fin& merino 

dress goods dona to horse-rugs. The breeds repreknted in the col!ection were merinos. 

crossbreds, pure Shrupshire Doma, and Lincolns. There were dso shown woo!s in the 

greav, scoured, and dyed states to i!lnstrate the different stages of manufacture ; specimens 

of cards for carding-machine used in the process of converting woo! into yan: 

or thread ; unfinished and finished cloth, kc. 

One of the most interesting of minera! disp!ap in the Exhibition was that iuadc 

in the New South Wales section, arranged by Mr. C. 0. G. Larcombe, of the New South 

Wales Geological Survey, acting under the direction of Mr. E. F. 

The Mines 

Pittruan, A.R.S.M. The immense minera! resourere of the Statc 


were iCustratcd by specimens of almost every lnlonn n~ineral. 

New 

not jumb!ed together in an unattractive mas. as is too often 

the case with exhibits of this c!ass, but arranged nith considerab!~ taste. and altogether 

maliing an exhibit that invited the eye of the visitor. 

A trophy of great interest was that il!ustrative of tbe mineral wea!th of the celebrated 

Broken Hill group of nlines and thc Cobs districts. The Broken Hill e-xhibit rontaii~ed 

tqieal ores mined in that rich district, and the pnlducts from their treatnlcnt at thr 

n~ills. The Broken Bill fie!ds, it was stated, had 9elded up to date nlinera!~ vducd 

at over £43,W.000 ; in dividends and bonuses a sum of £12,835,OCO had been paid. 

In addition to this the great heaps of tailings from earlier operatiomi arc considered 

to be mines of wealth in themselves. The value of the meta?s hidden in these tailiiqs 

is estimated at m,,OOO.OOO. The Cobar mineral-specinlens included t~pica: su!phidc 

and carbonate ore and the different resu!tant products. During the pe~iad 1894-1906 

the Cobar mines yielded copper valued at £3,400,000, besides large quailtitics of go!d 

and silver. 

Tin, of which ET.436,000 worth has been produccd in New- South Wa!cs. was 

represented by ores and concentrates obtained from different parts of the State. 

Specimens of ore from the Mount Boppy gold-mines n-ere shown, flanked by actualsize 

pyramids representhq the production of gold (6,086 02.) for the first pear's operetiom, 

and the total production (133,977 oz.) fro111 1901 to 1906. This mine affords 

a good esanlple, as our om Waihi docs, of the success which attends the working of 

low-grade ores on a large and scientific scale. The mine. it was statcd, had up t~ date 

paid dividends equal to 138 per cent. Close by this trophy was another contailling 

coppr-ores from the Burraga district, showing the tppiral sulphide ore and concentrates. 

together with metallurgical products up to the rehed metal. Some 150 ingots of metallir 

copper crowned the exhibit. The mine from which these specimens were obtained 

has an output of 150 tous of copper per month. 

The beautiful marble which abounds in New South Wales made a handsome display. 

Upon a flooring of marble tiles d an attractive superstructure, the principal feature 

of which was a fine marble mantelpiece. Close by was a p t block of concrete of local 

manufacture, weighing 14 tons, illustrative of the material now being used in the con-

strnction of the ,orest Cataract Dam which is to augment Sydney's water-supply. In 

another part of the court was a conspicuous exhibit of eight polished slabs of marble 

obtained in Merent parts of the State, and eshibited by- the Government. These 

beautiful marbles are now coming into considerable use in the construction of different 

public buildings in Sydney and elsewhere in the State. 

Other minerals shown included zinc and lead cone- from the Central Mine 

at Broken Hill, also metallic zinc and bullion and the fluxes and coke used in smelting. 

There were specimens of the iron-ores which will in time to come make New South Wales 

a pat ironworking country ; some of these ores are to be used by the company which 

lately obtained the contract for the manufacture of steel and iron required by the New 

South Wales Government. The company which has been formed to work the keroseneshale 

deposits of the State made an excellent display of the various products of the shale, 

including wax and candles, which made an attractive trophy, and jars containing crude 

oils-naphtha. &e.distilIed from the shale. 

Two ornamental pillars of Wsnderlich steel, each 12 ft. in height, representing the 

gold and silver output of New South Wales, were shown, and bore statistics concerning 

these items of the State's mineral wealth. 

Coal, the mineral of most value to New South Wales, was represented by large blocks 

from the northern, and southern, and westem districts of the State, and also a specimen 

mined from underneath the Citp of Sydney. Newcastle's famous coal Fas naturally 

the most important of these specimens-the coal that brings " mind-jammers " from all 

parts of the world to load at the ,pat Australian coal-port. The enormous x-alue of this 

mineral to New South Wales was made manifest to inquirers in the Mining Handbook 

prepared by Mr. Larcombe. The quantitp of coal mined in New South Wales up 

to the end oE 1905 was estimated at a total of 122,393,863 tons, valued at f4-8,0,000. 

Yining engineers calculate that there are still remaining and available for use in the . 

coal-bearing areas of the State some 115,300,000,000 tons, representing a money value 

of £38,500,0,0. 

On the eastern and southern sides of the court benches were covered with a pat variety of specin~ens that gave some ides of the ,orest diversit;r of the State's mineral 

resources. This collection included samples of gold-ore, silver, lead, tin, zinc. antimony, 

1)istnuth. wolhm, &c. 

The value of the minerals raised in New South Wales during the last half-centuqwas 

set forth as follows in the interesting little handbook prepared by Nr. Larcomle :- 

" The value of the output from the mineral-fields of the State to the end of 1m 

is estimated at f 161,319,805. The production for 1905 is valued at f7,017,9U), and 

exceeds that for the previous year by 2626,175. The production for 190.5 thus con- 

stituted a record, being considerably the largest in the history of the State." 

During the half-century terminating in 1906 the amount of gold won in Yew South 

Wales was estimated at 11,532,651 oz., valued at £53,235,286. The total area under 

mining occupation 111 New South Wales at the beginning of 1906 was approximately 

568,628 acres, a very tiny area when compared with the size of the State-namely, 

310,700 square miles. That such an enormous amount of wealth should have been 

won from this small area augurs well for the great mineral possibilities of the State as 

a whole.

The nahd produds and manufactured goods that the wealthy State of Tidoria 

-the real " Aastralia Felix"--sends out to the world found fi- presentation in 

a court covering a floor-space of 6,800 square feet in the northern section of the Maim 

Building, not far from the southern wall of the Xachinery Hall. Mr. Edward Kicholls, 

the Victorian Government's representative. had arranged his exhibits on either side 

of a long avenue, one of the cross-- running westyard from the main north-and- 

south avenue. The artistic and the ntilitarian were blended well, and there was much 

to fix for a space the interest of the Exhibition sightseer. 

Very fittingly the gold trophy was a distinctiive feature of the Victoria Court-an 

leaormow gilt obelisk representing a quarter of the solid gold won in the Victorian

'' digging- " and mines during the past fifty-five pears. Jfr. Xicholls had intended to 

erect an obelisk representing the entire bulk of gold won, but it would have been too high 

for the building. Since 1851, when the Victorian goldf~elds were discovered, the State's 

gold-yield up to 1906 totalled the enormous quantity of 68,367,403 oz, valued at 

f 273,236,500, an average yield per year of close on B,000,oO. The quarter-sized obelisk 

equalled £68,301,625, and was 11 ft. 6 in. square at the base. Behind the obelisk was a 

collection of models of the largest gold nuggets discovered in Vietoria ; t he also were 

the largest in the world. The Ben* School of Mines sent models illustrating the 

primitive rough-and-ready modes of winning gold in the old days-those dsp~ 

described in Charles Reade's novel " Never Too Late to Mend," when tens of thousands 

of adventurous diggers rushed the great alluvial fields of Bendigo and Ballarat. Along- 

side these historic relics were models of the latest improved principles of gold-winning 

machinery. 

Victoria's great agricultural and pastom1 resources had their due place in the court 

in the forin of fleeces of i\.ool from sex-era1 large sheep-stations, supplied by>he Sheepbreeders' 

-Issociatiott, and fine samples of prize wheat, oats, and bar!ey sent by the Royal 

Igricultural Society. There were also exhibits of compressed fodder : Victoria supplied 

a good deal of this to the Japanese Government during the recent war with Russia. 

1-ictoriu's valuable tinlbers were not forgotten ; a great block of red-gum, measurinp 

10 ft. by 4 ft. 10 in., came from the bauh of the Murray River. Anlongst the colnmercial 

exhibits that took the eye there were some beautiful fun of various kinds of Victorian 

aninmls, sent by Mr. X. Nettleberg : footn.ear sent by Wh~brow and Co. ; an attractive 

exhibit of Victorian wines shown in a handsome kiosk by Messrs. Irvine and Co., of the 

Great Western Vineyard ; a large stand of " Boomerang "-brandy bottles formed into a 

huge bottle-shaped trophy ; dried fruits of all kinds from the celebrated Mildura Settle-

ment ; and a specimen of the four-oared clinker outrigger racing-boats bdt by Measrs. 

Greenland and Son, of Princes Bridge. Jdelborune : these beautiful boats are built to 

specifications for the New Zealand Amateur Rowing Associition. A great many other 

industrial and trade exhibits had their place. in the court ; they co+rked agricultural 

implements of every sort made in Victoria, spring rabbit-traps and rabbit-destroyers 

of various kinds, patent sheep-dip, M e cleaners and sharpeners, and other patent 

articles ; dress stands, and dressed figures in cases, showing paper patterns. 

The great Australian bush and the tni of blacks who once had the bush to 

themselves were brought to mind bp an exhibit of Austmbian Native weapons. 

A case of snakes preserved in spirits reminded New-Zealanders, too, of the deaw 

pests of the Australian bush, from which, fortunately, New Zealand is entirely free. 

Of historic relics there were several that brought up memories of the old bushranging 

dadan : the primitive amour and nail-can helmet worn by Ned Kelly and his comrades, 

and their &arms, drew more attention than most of the other articles shown in 

the court. 

The court was beautified by some he pieces of statuary from the Melbourne Exhiion 

Trustees. Dr. L Z Smith, Chairman of Trustees for the Exhiiition Buildings, 

lent a number of valuable paintings, which were hupg on the walls of the court ; these 

included subjects wch as " Faust and Marguerite," " The Nativity," and " Cupid's 

Dart." There was also a pod portrait in oils of the Hon. Thomas Bent, as Speaker of 

the Legislative Assembly of Victoria. 

The great natural walth and potentialities of " Autmlia Felix " were very rendab!~ 

set out in a booklet distributed to visitors and containing a multitude of facts conceming 

the State and the development of its resources, and practical information for 

intending settlers. Por example, the following salient facts caught the eye : Kctoria's 

area is just about equal to the combined arca of England, Scotland, and Wales ; itacreage 

is 56,9%5,760, and its popu!ation over 1,200,COO ; it has about 12,OCO,GCO acres 

. of land still available for selection by farmers. Roughly speaking, there is room for 

200,000 more farms, promising a productiveness as great as the 53,000 farms in the 

State which produced in 1906 wealth to the amount of over m,,OOO,OOO ster!ing, an 

average of f383 per farm. The private wealth per head of the people of Victoria-is 

£261, the third highest in the world (Xew Zealand conlcs ht). 

In a corner of the Victorian Court there was a private display of some splendid 

specimens of timber from Western Australia, including the famous jarrah hardwood 

of that State. The e-rhibit demonstrated the escelle~lce of these timbers for general 

building and cabinetmaking work, and particularly for those purposes in which dmbility 

and strength are the prime requirements. Mr. George A. Julius, the West 

Australian representative, gave several lectures on the hardwoods of Australasia 

- generally. 

During the Exhibition season, XI. T. E. Dome, General Manager of the Department 

of Tourist and Hedth Resorts. was the subject of the following resolution passed by thc 

Victorian Conunissioners, presidcd over by I&. E. Nicholls, the Victorian Government 

representative :- 

" That the Victorian Commissionctrs for the New Zealand International Exhibition 

held at Christchurch desirc to place on record their appreciation of the uniform kindness, 

attention, and assistance received from Hr. T. E. Donne, Superintendent of the Tourist 

Department. His valuab!e services given in Melbourne, and later in Christchurch 

tended to overcome many difidties, whilst the attention on all occasions shown to 

the Commissioners and their repre~ntatives' requirements in connection with Exhibition 

matters claims their most cordial recognition and thanks."

SOUTH A- 

" C9rny Wine, and Oil" wes the legend on the front of the handsome litke court 

devoted to South Austdia that indicated some of the chief natural prod- of this 

frnitfnl State. The South Anstralian Government exhibit occupied a space of about 

1.000 square feet in the southern section of the Main Building. On the front a series 

of Moorish arches in fibrous plaster, and ornamental c o h decorated with designs 

of the product of the vine, enclosed spaces within which vines and other vineyard products 

made d ? r the supervision of the South Australian Government were exhibited. 

These wines and the excellent specimens of the ~arioas fruits which the State produces 

formed the predominating feature of the exhibit. The Government of South Australia, 

in arranging for repraentation at the Exhibition, decided that it wodd not be advisable 

to f d a display of their mannfsctnres, as there was no great proqmt of bnsiness 

resulting on general lines. It was, howevery resold to invite the wine-makm and 

hit-preservers to make an exhibit commensurate with the inlportancc of those p t 

prodacts of South AwtxaSa, forming as they do two of the principal items which the 

State exports to New Zealand. 

The wines which the numerous great vineyards of South Australia place on the 

market made a large and attractively arranged display. The names of the vineyards 

were painted in blue on the polished white surface of the structure devoted to the 

exhibition of wines and brandy. The vineyards repreaented by samp!es of bottled 

wines and brand^^ and grapes, were those of Bidarm, Yalumba, Renmark, Stonyfell, 

Horndale, Tintara, Beaumont, Vale Royal, Spring TTale, and the vineyards of Auldana 

Limited. The wines shown ineluded samples of port, sherry, muscatel, claret, Bur- 

. ,

NEW W Y D ESEWITION. 

gundy, Chablis, Constantia, Madeira, Frontignac, and hock. The wines made in the 

vineyards named are manufactured under the supervision of the South Australian 

Government, a fact that is a guarantee of their puritp. X collection of wines was also 

sent from Roseworthy CoIlegz by the V~ticdt@ Expert of South Australia. Nature 

has specially favoured South duskdia as a wine-phg corn-, and her vinepards 

have long held the premier position in Australasia. In the warmer portions of the 

State the richest and most gznerous kinds, such as Frontignac, Constantia, and port, 

are produced, but of recent years the growth of the vine has also been highly succeesful 

in the hiny country ; and the more. delicate clarets, hocks, and rich Burgundps produced 

have taken all the first honours wherever exhibited in other countries. This, it was 

explained by Mr. Scott, the Executive Commissioner for South Anatralia, himself a 

wine-grower of long experience, is due to the fact that a more scientific method of 

fermentation is now adopted, producing wine of a uniform qualiv year by pear. 

Dricd and prcsen-cd fruits nladc another fine displa?-. There n-ere raisins, currants, 

dried apples and pears. pruncs, peaches. and apricots. figs. be., ellclosed in glass cases 

tier upon tier. Close b?- was a splendid collertioll of olix-e-oils, preserves. janls. and 

allnonds fro111 various tirrns throughout the State. and from the irrigation colonv of 

Remark. The manufacture of preserved fruits and jam has now become one of the 

stable industries of the State. Olive-oils and salad-oils are also produced in large quan- 

tities. and command a ready sale to the trade at 10s. per gallon. 

Sanlples of wool and some fine prize specimens of grain. shown at the last Adelaide 

cultural Show, were also eshibited.

Upon the side facing Canada were -cd some natural products of the great 

Northern Territory of South Australia, ine1uding specimens of the mineral resources 

of that counw, and cotton, arrowmot, vario~ui fibres, tropical food-products, and 

medicinal products. The Government Resident, Mr. Justice Herbert, ~ent some fine 

natural-history specimens, including a great pair of bdfdo-horns, a shield of the shell 

of the North Anstralian turtle, and some alligator-heads. The immense tract of c- 

comprised in the Northern Tenitmy is particularly rich in minerals. The samples of ores 

&own inC.1ude-d gold, h, tin, copper, wolfram, galena, malachitey copper-sulphide ore. 

and mblygonite, which produces the lithia used in medicine. 

Through the enterprise of Mr. H. J. Scott, Commissioner in charge of $he court, 

several shipments of exdent tabkgrapes were sent over from Adelaide during the 

Exhibition season, ad sold immediately at good prices. This has resulted in the 

establishment of a regular import trade in Anetralian grapes. 

1% 9 r . 

THE FIJI ISLANDS. 

The attractively displayed exhibit from the British Crom Colony of Fiji had a 

novel* that took the eyes of passing visitors at once, and prompted all sorts of curious 

questions. The court it occupied, just off the &in Avenue and alongside the Tourist 

Department's room. was but a small one, but evev inch of space was profitably occupied 

with articles of produce that typified the wonderful resources of these beautiful is!ands- 

the isles of the banana and the sugar-cane ; with barbaric implements and weapons. 

and picturesque examples of handicraft from the Fiji Native villages, handsome drapings

NEW ZEALAXD ESHIBITION. 

of the bark-cloth tap, growing canes and South Sea plants, and an immense variety 

of objects that suggested the soft warm beopics and all the strsn@e life and charm of Coral 

Lands. It was a complete epitome of the richest of South Sea Island groups. 

Geographically the Fijis are our neighburs, and commercially they have man? 

ties with our Islands. The trade between New Zealand and this Group is older than 

that with any other part of the South Pacifio. Fiji hss been compared by travellers to 

the British West Indies, but it is of larger area, and holds more pofsibilities of industrial 

development. It is a wonderful archipelago. There are about two hundred islands, 

of which about eighty arc inhabited. The total area of the colony (including the little 

dependency of Rotuma, fourteen square miles) is 7,435 square miles or 4,953,920 acres. 

The two largest islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Leva, sre mountainous, and of grand and 

picturesque volcanic contour ; in some places they rise 4,000 and 4,500 ft. above the sea. 

There are several rivers of great size in comparison with the area of the islands through 

which they nu1 ; and thc Gmup is rich in harbours and sheltered lagoons protected b~ 

nature's breah~atms. the cod reefs. Fiji's whitc population in 1905 numbered 2.675 ; 

half-castes. 1.649 ; native Fijians. 86.816 ; and Indians. 25,952. The large introduced 

pop,&tion of Indian emlies pro~ides th2 labour for the great sugar-plantations. -4lreadp 

Fijl s httle white population does a big business. In 1906 the Group's total trade was 

E1,912,906, of which the imports were E609.496, and vrta E603,410. Daring that 

year New Zealand exported to Fiji over E100,OOO worth of goods, largely foodstafEs 

such as butter and meat; and dnring the same period Fiji sent ne prodm (chidy 

raw sugar and fruit) to the due of i370,182. New Zealand is more favourably situntrd

than any othez country for trade with Fiji. The Wnce from Buckland to Suva, the 

capital of the pup, is 1,140 miles; from Spdner it is 1,743 miles. The total area 

of the lands under cultivation by Europeans and Indians is not much over 70,000 acres, 

so that there is room for great espansion in the agricultural and other industries in the 

Group. It is rather surprising for New-Zealsnders to learn that in this little tropic 

group, according to the figures given in the official publication at the Exhibition Go&. 

there were at last returns 28,635 cattle snd 3,758 horses. Fiji is an excellent comefor 

grazing, and cattle of all binds and sheep do well. 

Fiji's main products are sngsr, wpm, ad bananas. Samples of these were set out 

in the court, but the exhibit that gave the distinctive tropic air to the co1on;r's handsome 

display was the cotton-the famous Sea Island cotton which gave Fiji its industrial 

a-tart over forty years ago, soon after the American Ciril War commenced, when cotton 

rose to high prices in the world's mark& becense of the blockade of the Southern States 

ports. Cotton, though very little grown in Fiji now, was at one time the staple 

esport of the Group ; all the drier meas are exceedingly well adapted for the production 

of the better classes of cotton. The cotton-trees, with their white masees of 

snowy cotton, that stood along the front of the little court were an amusing 

mume of wonderment to man? visitors. " Oh ! look at the wool," mid one, on a first 

view of the *pic court. At Christmas-time, too. the childrkn loolied for Ssnta Clans, 

and asked their mothers when the dolls and balls and other to? were ping to be tied 

on the branches. The cotton was sent by Mr. T. F. Burness, a pioneer planter of Caboni 

and a veteran of the Bbri wars in Mew Zedand. 

The great su,~ ind- n-as represented by an interestiq exhibit sent by the 

Colonial Sugar Re- Company, consisting of a mound of the raw inaterial obtained 

from the crushed sngsr-cane, brown sugar, molasses. and refined sugar, besides some specimens 

of growing canes. Fiji has been growing sugar on a large scale for more than a 

quarter of a century. Tbe Colonial Sugar Cornpan- has large mills at Xansori, on the 

Rewa River, Lautoka and Ba, on Titi Levu Isla14 and at Labass. on Yanua Levu. 

Other companies are established on Titi Levu-the Tancouver-Fiji Cowpan?- at Navulr 

(Rewa River), and the Penmng Sugar Company on the northern coast. The Colonial 

Su@r Company sends the mu- product up to Auckland to be refined at the large sugar- 

\\.orb at Chelsea, on the Raitemata. The s- exprted from Fiji in 1905 totalled 

52J38 tons, valued at S39.694. 

Of other commercial products of Fiji shown in the court, there were samples of copra, 

the dried kernel of the cocoanut, which fetches some fl6 per ton ; br~lanas. which the 

Group grows to perfection and in immense quantities ; tobacco, rice, vanilla, arrom-root, 

ginger, peanuts, pimento, cocoa, coffee. turmeric. cotton-0% bide-de-me, pearlshell, 

and gum. There were piles of large coeoannts clothed in the roqh outer hasir, 

besides some beautifully polished nuts of large size. The samples of copra shown were 

from the plantations of Lever Bros.. Rabi Island : the Hon. A. A. Coubroqh and &. 

J. V. Tarte, of Taxiuni Island : Xr. C. 0. E-ne. of Xalau: and &. McPherson, of Cicia. . 

The bananas came from Mr. E. Gaspard, of the Ren-a River. an esceedingl~ rich fruitand 

cane-growing district ; this exhibitor also sent some p\rinp banana-plants. The 

rarions other tropic products mentioned above, besides a number of other articles of 

cwmmercial value, were sent br Fiji planters and merchants, inch- Messrs. Brodziak 

and Co., Suva (pearl-shell and vanilla) ; Bullless, of Caboni (tobacco and loe8Uy made 

cigars and cigarettes) ; J. T. Cronin, Tailem (cassara-starch) ; Mr. IF. T. Ewim, Ba 

(native-grown coffee); C. D. Eyre, Blalan (gtom-ing p b , cocoanuts, W&-, 

and mbber) ; Humphre~ and Inchboard (coffee and rubber) ;- W. H. Job% Tavua 

(castor-oil beans, peanuts, cotton, fibre, maize); McPherson, Cicia (exhibit showing 

the various uses of the cocoanut-tree and its produce) ; Powell Bm:, LBmi (cocoa, ginger, 

turmeric, vanilla, pimento, and various growing plants of econ~llllc value) ; Ragg and

Co., Nadi (vanilla-beans and e-) ; Hon. W. Robbie, Wainunu (tea and coc~a) ; L 

Smith, Samabnla (arrowroot, prepared by hand) ; S. J. Taylor (rice) ; H. A. Treaq, 

N&u (yangona, the Fijiin kava plant, the root of which is chewed or pted to make 

a beverage) ; Hon. J. B. Turner, Suva {castor-oil beans). 

Amorqpt these iterne of Fijian produce were some of particular economic importance. 

Fiji promises to be a land as rich in spices as Ceylon ; cloves, vanilla, pimento, cinnamon, 

do exceedingly well. Another growing industry is tea-planting. On the Wainunu 

River, a beau- b d stream that flows from the mo~~ntains of Vanua Levu Island, 

Captain Robbie has a large plantation, with about 200 acres under tea, which produces 

a leaf of excellent and delicate fiavour. The 3eld is said to be 500 lb. per acre. Cocorr 

pws well, and is alread~ being exported to New Zealand and elsewhere : the indus* 

promises to be a large and remunerative one. The rubber-tree is beii planted, and it 

is predicted that the rubber industry will be one of high value to Fiji in the future, for 

the colon? has just the climate and soil suitable for this business, besides the requisite 

cheap labour-the Hind00 coolies. The b:cRc-de-naer trade is one of the oldest South 

Sea industries ; it wded the sandal-wooding that took the first adventurous tradingcraft 

to the cannibal isles of Old Fiji &de-&-mer is a sea-slug found on coral reefs 

all over the P d c : it is dried and smoked, and in the ~~~~~~~loohug form in which 

it was eshibited it is sent away to China, where it is a ,peat food delicacy. used chiefly 

for making soup ; for the best hds the Chinese merchants pay up to f-W per ton. 

Fiji's timber resources were illustrated by a large mllection of various indigenous ~uods, 

sent by the Public Works Department of the colony. Amongst then1 were some n.oods 

of ,-t utility and some of much beaut?, well adapted for the manufacture of fine 

artistic furniture. There was the &ha, a mountain timber very closelr resembling thc 

Seu* Zealand kauri-in fact it is called the " Fijian kauri "--and it exudes a resin like 

kauri-gum. Some dabma-trees are of large size, mmbg up to 6 ft. or T ft. in diameter. 

Taka is a handsome furniture-wood ; damanu is a pod durable tough timber : psi is 

a useful hardwood much used for bridgg, sleepers, and house-building. 

The Kative industries and handicrafts of Fiji were mponsible for much of the picturesque 

decorative effect of the court. On the walls hung great tapestries of fine tapcloth 

made from the well-bleached and baten bark of the paper-mu:be~ tree (called 

the odo in them islands), stencilled in a variety of handsome patterns, some of them 

geollletrica! designs, some copies of native foliage and other familiar objects. There 

\\.as a huge roll of maqimagi (pronounc.4 " mqimangi ") or sinnet. used for a 1-ariet>of 

tying purposes, chiefly in the fastening-together of houses; rocoanut-fibre sinnet 

sud forest-creepers are the Fijian house-builders' substitutes for nails and bolts. The 

roll of nla[li~magi exhibited n-as sent by His Escellener Sir Everard F. im Thm~. 

Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner of the Festern Pacific, n-ho also lent for 

exhibition a he old polished tatwm or bowl for the ~~ drink. On the walls there 

\rere trophies of all kinds of Fijian weapons of war and implements uscd in various 

mtive industries. The natives of Iiandavu. that long snake-shaped island in the south 

of the Group, sent through Mr. A. B. Edwards, the local Stipendiary Magistrate, a large 

number of these articles, including barbed spears and hea~ polished clubs, a Fijian 

hu- and arrow, a yangona-bowl ; hpa-cloth, with the various stages of preparation 

and the bating-mallet used in making it ; magimagi, and finished fishing-net : a Mi 

or wooden drum, a model canoe, stone axes ; mats, and the material and implements 

used in making them ; fans and fly-whisks, some samples of Native potten-, kc. The 

Satives of Lau Island showed, through their Magistrate, Mr. J. Hill, specimens of &diedc-nw, 

turtle-shell, potte~, mats and tap, and some beautiful sea-shells. Fro111 

Lomaiviti, Nadmga, Ba, Ra, and Colo North also came Native weapons, utensils, mats, 

f~te-dresses of fibre, rubber, b;che-&-mcr, arrowroot, and native salt. Ratu Joni Nadraiwini. 

a Fijian chief. who is a member of the Legklative Council, sent samples of native-

SEW ZEALAND E~%IBITIOf\'. 

grown toh. The Methodist Mission at Navuloa contributed, through the Rev. 

W. Heighwap, a number of articles representative of Native industry. Then, from 

far-away Rotuma, a little Pol.pesian island 19ng all by itself some hundreds of luile~ 

to the north of Fiji, came a collection of well-plaited Native mats, sent by Dr. H. Mc- 

Donald, the Governor's Conlmissioner. The Roman Catholic &ion and Mr. C. &ad, 

of Levulra, also sent Rotuua mats and produce. In the court there were tn-o pretty 

models of Fijian canoes, one an old-time war-canoe, and the other an ou-er sahg- 

canoe-probably the fastest and most beautiful sailing-machines to bc seen in the 

Pachic. 

Perhaps the most beautiful exhibit in the court was the splendid set of sea-shells 

loaned by Messx. Brown and Joske, of Suva. These shells, showing all colours aud dl


of nature's strange and vivid tropic desii, GUed.three large glass cases, and were the 

delight and the envy of many a shell-collector. It was a museum of South Sea 

conchology. Then there were paintings of some of the large \rondrousIy hued butterflies 

of Fiji, and various Island scenes ; these were the work of ever81 Suva residents 

-&. Land, 96ias H. Walker, Hiss Winning, and Xr. L. Talker. Mr. Le Paivre, of 

Suva, sent some ,d photographs of Fiji life and scenery. 

The Fiji Committee who promoted the eshibits and the Executive Commissioners 

who arranged it so well deserve commendation for their escellent and comprehensive 

trade museum, which helped to dispel a good deal of popular vague misconceptions 

as to Fiji's industrial pr0gnz-a~ and capabilities. The great variety of tropic products 

which the colony is able to grow was something of which most visitors to the court had 

previousIj no idea. $4 though the court was, it was educative in a high degree. 

The Fiji Committee for the Exhibition consisted of the Hon. W. McRae (Chain), 

Hon. T. R. Ward, Mr. A. M. T. Duncan, &. E. F. Powell, and Mr. C. H. Knowles 

(Secretary). The aolony's Executive Commissioner to the Eshibition was %. Leslie 

E. Bmrrm, of Suva, with Mr. 8. K. Sleigh as co-Commissioner. 

The Commissioners issued to visitors to the court a well-compiled little " Handbook 

of Fiji," giving an account of the resomas, nab1 features, and industries and trade 

of the Group. 

H I W ~ ISUYDS. Y 

.I snlall exhibit in the Fijian Court was representative of the Islands of Hawaii, 

ht homn to fame as the Sandwich Islands. A b e set of photographs illustrakl 

some of the beautiful soenery of the Group, particularly that of looatities near Hoi~olulu, 

and scenes of Native life. The industries of the Islgnds were represented br a number 

of good samples of pmducQ such as sugar, coffee, rice, taro, sisa rubber, and tobacco. 

There was a collection of Native cnriq including several mq- rare feather Zks or headwreaths 

lllade from the brilliant plumage of certain H a d bid.

ma C U ~ S ~ L ~ 

SEW ZRICrW EXHIBITIOK. 

SECTION X. 

ART IN THE EXHIBITION. 

BRITISH &\Xl COLOBWL PICIWRES. 

TWELVE rooms Wed with beautiful woh of art, some of them the 

work of some of the most. famous modern British artists, formed the 

art section of the Exhibition, a display that in some important respects 

was by far the finest collection of paintings and of other works of art 

yet collected under one roof in Adssia. It was an art mugem that 

for five and a half months drew thousands of admiring Kew-Zealanders, 

for the British Government pichueexhibit, which comprised the &rester 

part of the large art show, was claimed to be one of the best, largest, 

and most co~nprehensive t.hat has ever been sent away froni English 

shores. Certainly no part of the British Empire had ~ e t 

received 80 

complete and representative a display of the British art 80hool as that 

sent out to Christchurch. It as an education in matters artistic to m-alk through ththose 

galleryrooms crowded with delightful oils and u-ater-colours, he etchings, and blackand-white 

dra- daiilty miniatures, and statuettes in marble and in bronze ; and 

that Ken--Zealandew and Australians well appreciated those art treasures fmnl far over 

the seas was given practical denionstration by the fact that over $li,000 li-orth of 

pictures and other objects was sold during the Exhibition season, and reniained to adon1 

Inany a galley and many a home in these southern lands. New-Zealandem can fairly 

claim to be regarded as art-lovers, for the sales-a matter of supreme importance kt 

exhibiting artists-were the largest recorded at any recent international exhibition to 

which British artists have sent pictures. The? were more than ticc the amount realid 

at the British Art Eshibition at. the ITo~ld's Fair in St. Louis. The broad result of 

the British artists' show is already appreciable. The gallery-display has taught many 

Yew-Zealanders the value of a good picture ; it has raised the whole tone of art in the 

~010Ily. 

The Art Gallery specially comtmctcd for the reception of the pictures, a substantial 

brick building in the rear of the mahl Edibition structure, contained two large roonls, 

each 60 ft. long and 40 ft. wide, and ten sder roonls, each about 35 ft. by 28 ft. The 

first large room entered and two other smaller ones adjoi~i~lg it on the right were 

devoted to New Zea!and and Australian pictures. The remaining nine contained the 

British art collection; of these the large room and four sluallcr apartments were 

filled with oil paintings. tn-o were hung with water-colours, onc held a nlultitude of 

etchings and black-and-white dranings, and one the articles in thc -Ws alld Crafts 

division. These rooms were, however, insufficient to house .all the objects sent out 

for exhibition ; the architectural drawings and a large number of the beautiful Arts 

and Crafts articles were therefore shown in the British Government section in the Main 

Building. 

The total number of pictures and other art exhibits displayed, British and Australasian, 

was about 2,200. Of this number Great Britain contributed 1,826.

-368 OFFICIAL EECOBD 

YEW Z W Y D LXD A-Y PICTURES. 

The three rooms devoted to New Zealand and Australian pictures were the first 

that claimed attention as one entered the gallery. The Commonwealth's and the new 

Daminion's contributions to the art collection numbwed 353 works, chiefly oi! paintings. 

There was a collection of about thirty articles in the subdivision of Arts and Crafts. . 

Over a hundred artists were represented. 

Several works in the gallery which took the eye by reason of their prominence 

were part of the British collection, notably Su W. B. Richmond's large cartoon 

" Xelchizedek blessing Abraham," which stood just within the entrance-way. It came 

kom the South Keasington Museum. Holman Hunt's " Light of the Wor!d " occupied 

a commanding position at the western end of the large room. 

The iYew Zehd pictnres occupied the first mom. Nearly all the !eading artists of 

the two Islands wer2 represented by one or more works, but one regretted the absence 

of such he things as C. F. Goldie's jdsori studies. There was a great deal of honest 

artistic work throughout the ~OOII~S, and some exceedingly beautiful work, but inevitably 

the lustre of the New Dsland artists was dinuned by the glorp of fonn and colour that 

filled the adjoining British gallery. Yet such gems as C. N. Worsley'a water-co!onrs of 

New Zealand a!pine and river scenery, or Louis Steele's tragic Australian desert picture 

might well havs stood alongside works of some of the most famoua Englishmen and not 

have safEd by comparisok 

In portraiture there were one or two good canvases, the best a fino picture by W. A. 

Bowring of the latc &. Mdon, the big man who has gone, in the pose so familiar 

to New-Zea!anders, standing as if about to begin one of his rugged magnetic speeches. 

Another of Bowring's works was a portrait of the Hou. W. P. Reeves, Nor Zcahd's 

High Commissioner in London. James F. Scott had a full-length picture in oils of the 

Mayor of Wefilgton, the Hon. T. W. EEislop, in his robes of ohe. A picture of special 

inter& to Xew-Zeahders was a painting by Xoms Orr, a Queensland artist, of Xr. 

Xatthzw Fow!v!ds, father of the preseilt Minister of Education in the Yew Zealand Cabinet, 

at work as a wearsr in his hundredth par. Old Jdr. Pow!& (who died at Kilmarnock, 

Seot!and, during the currency of thc Eshibition) had bee11 a weaver for the best part 

of his century of life, and the picture showed him working on a b!anket at his !wm. 

A storp-pictnre that easily took the eye was Kenneth Wath' large painting 

representing the departure of the last Polpesian fleet of canoes from the South Pacific: 

Islands for Xcw Zeah1d about six centuries ago. It was a subject fdl of he possibilities 

for an artist with imagination and with some tcc4uical lu~owledge of the subject 

born of considerable r3seamh and Mr. Watlritrs succeeded in producing a tropic-breathing 

picture which pleased the -1 q r t as well as the ordii- nun. Six kge canoes, 

double and decked across, with their lofty mat-sails hoisted, are putting off from thc 

shining shores of a palm-c!ad island into the blue waters of the Pacific, bound 

for this strung6 new land of Aotama, aIready visited and peopled by prior ~gmtions 

of Pol-ymsian peoples, and known to !ie many days' sail to the south-&. The 

canoes arc crowded with island men, brown 'Argonauts of the South Seas, and on the 

beach their friends are waving a final" Haere w ! &re w ! " to the adventurers whose 

little pilgrim ships will presently be flying brawly along before the brislr trade-wind 

over the " Whari?-Hhhaks-a-Tangms," " the Sea-god's Foamy Dwehg." Another 

painting of historic import was Captaiu 3f. T. CIapton's sea-piece showing one of Cook's 

exploring-ships off the New Zealand coast. 

C. X. Worsl3y'a ws~-colours wsr2 in many points the best landscapes of the oollection. 

Softly de!icate and altogether enchanting in colour and in form was his " Mount 

Sefton," the whit? Alp looming M y through the mist that looked like mist indeed, 

and a flock of sheep in the foreground ploddmg dong the road throngh the yellow tnssocks. 

Worslep had seven other works, all emellent, of which the most attractive were

ZEALASD EXHIBITIOS.

3 beautiful Wanganui River scene. to which the brilliantly hued "roundabout " of the 

Maori dame on the bank gave a note of brightest colonr ; a wild scene of mountain and 

torrent in the Otm Gorge ; and a Maori home on historic Mokoia Island, in Lake Rotorna 

--a whare with carved front, in the rear the green-looming hill of woods and ferm, in 

the foreground thc pretty little canoe-landing-place, where weeping-dowe shade the 

tiny silver beach. 

E. W. C- whose farm pictures and glacier studies were conspicuous in the 

Courts of the Tourist Department and the West C&, had several large canvases in 

the gallery ; one a grandly sombre Bettws-?-Coed, with the cloudy Wehh mountaim 

lowerbg over all ; another a mica1 backblocks scene, the smoking logs that told of the 

settler's summer " burning-off ." 

Sydney L. Thompson, pleasant figure-painter and genre artist, had a number of oils 

of high merit : a classic-like " Spring," a beautiful study in yoq womanhood ; a 

delightful " old-crony " subject entitled " Per 'ealth " ;' and a h e picture with a title 

that told its own tale, " The Pioneer's Story." 

John Gibb, whose' fine seascapes have for many years adorned New Zdand art 

exhibitions, sent a pichire of those bold volcanic harbour-gates Akaroa Heads, lit by a 

sunshine glint ; and W. M. &bb showed aome coastal studies and an Avonside view. 

Louia J. Stee!e, of Auckhd, doyen of New Zealand horse-painters, exhibited a 

large picture of famous old 6c Yueket." and a owerfd Awtraljan desert scene, " The 

Explorer's Xessage "--a aky that burned an a land that baked, an ontstretched 

skeleton of poor humanity, and two esplorers seeking to decipher the measage Wed 

by the pioneer who had preceded them and perished. 

E. W. Paytan, of Auckland, had a clsssic bit in the Hot Lakes country, the storied 

warn1 bath Wai-kimihia, in which =nemoa rested after her great swim across Rotorua 

to her lover Tutanekai on Mokoia Island. Another of Paeon's landscapes of the Thermal 

Land was a distant view of the volcanoes Tongariro, Ngauruhoe, and Ruapehu, from 

the northern end of Lake Taupo ; another was a geyser " in spout," famed Wairoa, of 

the Whakarewarewa Valley. 

T. L. Drummo~d, who loves the warm landscapes of Xorth Auckland, had a pleasant 

srnnmer-time picture of beautiful Whangarei Harbour. and a north coast scene of wilder 

character, sunrise after a stormy night. 

Some particularly good studies of New Zealand native plants, flowers, and fruits 

xvere from the brush of Nins Jones-the white &gs of the mving toetoe, the golden 

b!ooms of the kowhai, earliest of our bush Bowers, and the bright-hued hpea of the 

karaka-tree, as gather4 bv the Xaoris for food-for the bka-berry was a favourite 

article of kai amongst thc Native people until quite recent times. C. E. Butler, a young 

Yew Zealand artist now in London, showed several works in oils, including one of a dim 

old cloistered cathedral interior. Miss Richmond, of Wellington, had a pretty bit oi 

Maori child-life, " Brown Babies." W. A. Bollard showed a number of Otago landscapes 

and Waikato sce~les. Miss 3f. 0. Stoddart, who has been painting in Smpe for some 

years, had a brightly attractive street-scene in classic Capri, besides a view on a eanal 

in Ve~lice. and some English landscapes. Miss E!h Adams, of Wemn, sent several 

Italian sketches. J. X. Madde~ of Christehurc~ in his " Lake Manapoari " had ked 

with clever brush much of the grandeur and soft beau* that commingle on that glorious 

Alp-,& water-sheet, most beautiful of our l h ; and F. M. Duncan, who has spent 

alnlost a lifetime in contemplation of the moods of mountain and lake at Te AMU, sent 

two pictures of scenes in the peat wilds of the south-west Lakeland and Fiordland- 

Other exhibits worthy of particular mention were a number of beautiful works in 

the Arts and Crab division by Miss Alice B. Waymouth, of Christehmh, comprising 

over 3 score of articles such as belt-buckles, a coat-clasp in silver and enamel, an enamel 

silver and turquoise neckhe, another in greenstone and silver, a set of enamel and silver 

B

" kowhai " buttans, photo-frames in copper and silver, a hand-beaten dver cream-jug 

set aith greenstone, a beaten-silver sugar-bowl and silver mug, and boxes and a rosebowl 

in beaten copper-all excellent specimens of deft workmanship, and well worthy 

of c.ompadson with some of the beautifnl articles of this class in the British gallery. 

Nelson Illingworth, the Anstralian sculptor, who has come to New Zealand to make 

a stud? of Maori subjects, showed two of his busts, one a beautiful little work titled 

" Dawn," modelled from a young half-caste girl of the Cantabnry district. 

Australian artists were well represented. There were pictures from all the States. 

many of them of a very excellent standard of art. The subjects treated, as in the case 

of New Zealand artists, were chiefl~ landscapes, and the rich tones and bright lights and 

the vegetation that give Australizn scenery its o m peenIiar character found faithful 

reproduction. There was W. Lister Gster's fine picture " The End of the Dav," from 

New South Wales ; then there were Aird's " Queensland Bush Home," J. M. Tait's 

" The Rain is on the River." Hans Heyen's Eevi South Wales pastorals. and divm 

other typical nature-pieces. The gorgeous Australian bush flowers found a capable brash 

to portray them, that of F. S. Fnller, who had a large painting of the flowers of Western 

Australia. " Autrunn Rases," by Amy horth, of Sydney, was a delightful flower- 

study. Australian artists abroad sent examples of some of their best work ; prominent 

amongst these was Wd! Ashton, of South Australia, whose English and Contillentnl 

pieces were amongst the he things of the colonial gallery. A powerful bit of symbolism 

was embodied in picture br a Svdney artist, J. 6. Watliins-the old m~hological subject 

" Circe and Her Victims." Mrs. Munte Ad- of Victoria had a fine portrait of a lady, 

a truly excellent piece of work in flesh-tint and in gown-texture painting. S. Dattelo 

Rubbo, the Italian artist who has done such good service to art in Australia, was 

represented by a clever work titled " A Time to Laugh." There were some very beautiful 

and dainty lniniatnres on ivory, painted by Mrs. Ada 'Rhiting, of Victoria-work 

that was quite as god as many of the exquisite miniature paintings in the British art 

collection. 

THE BRITISH PICTURE(3. 

Then the British Galle~ was entered, the rooms that held more than L100,~ 

worth of pictures, and arts-and-crafts gems, the highest products of the artistic genius 

of the Old Land--a genius that is the heritage of long centuries of stress and story. 

The nine rooms of the Art Gallery and the sections of the Imperial Court devoted to the 

British exhibits contained oil paintings, ~ter-eolour drawings, miniat- sculpture 

in marble and bronze, black-and-white drawings, etchings and engraxings, architectural 

drawings, and a repmntative arts-and-crafts exhibit. The contributors included a 

large number of members and associates of the Royal Academy, the Royal Scottish 

Academy, Royal Hibernian Academy. Royal Water-colour Society, Royal Institute 

nf Painters in Water-colonrs, Royal Sociee of British -4rtists Royal Societ;r of Painteretchers, 

New English Art Club, Ropal Scottish Rater-colour Sociec, Royal Institute 

of British &ts, Socie- of British Sculptors, WaI Society of Miniature Painters, 

and the Society of Miniaturists. In addition to these a number of eminent artists were 

also represented who were not identified with any society or institution. 

While it was deemed advisable to devote the space andable main1;c to the work 

of living artists, exampIes by Millais, Leigh- Watts Burne-Junes, Henq- Moore, and 

other brilliant exponents of the British School were included. It also contained a few 

pictures of historic as well as artistic interest, notably those relating to the jubilee of Her 

late Majesty Queen Victoria, the funeral of Queen Victor&, and the coronation of His 

Majesty King Edward. Examples of the work of the late Queen Victoria and the late 

Prince Consort were shown in the Black-and-White Room. 

Owing to the distance, and diiikolties of transport, it was found necessary to rdct the sculpture-exhibits to bnsta, statuettes, and ideal figures of moderate size, but a


sufficient number of these were included to show the great progress made in recent 

years in this inlportant branch of British art. 

The following table shows the number of British works of art at recent Inter- 

nations1 Exhibitions :- 

International Exhibition Oils. Water- Pieass of 

Blaak-ma- Amhi- 1 .Artists 

of - white tecttumi Total. repre 

colOM. Sc*ptrra- Drawings. 

Drswiogs.. sand. 

Paris, 1889 ... ... 172 124 40 123 93 562 300 

Chicago, 1893 ... 461 , 204 53 266 146 1,130 515 

Brussels, 1897 ... 205 i 109 24 222 54 614 259 

Paris. 19 OO... . .. 166 89 54 114 47 470 882 

St. Louis, 1904 ... S3 ' 158 90 894 190 1,025 5.54 

New Zealand, 1906-7 233 209 83 309 160 994 567 

-. 

The Xew Zealand list in this 

table does not include the 142 

miniatures and the 560 objects in 

the h a and Craf'ta division. These 

bring the total number up to 1,696. 

The total number of British &ts 

represented nras 567, comprising 198 

L painters in oils (233 pictures), 124 

water-colour artists (209 pictures), 

69 miniature artists, 91 black-andwhite 

artists (309 drawings), 39 

sculptom (83 works), and -58 architects 

(160 drawings). In the Arts 

and Cmes section then! were 170 

e-rhibitors (690 works). mere werc 

in all 1137 exhibitors. 

It was in a great measure due to 

the tact and energy of Sir Isidore 

Spielman, Director for ,W in connection 

nith the British Government 

exhibit, th$ this collection 

mras brought together. Sir Isidore 

was assisted in the work of selection 

I 

by Sir Edward Popnter, P.R.&, 

and Mr. E. J. Gregory, R.A. Mr. 

Alfred A. Longden, Assistant Director 

for ...kt, himself m artist of 

repute, was the expert representstive 

in charge of the art eshibit ; he 

came out from England to superintend 

the arrangelnent of the gallery, 

and remained until the clw of the 

Exhibition 

A line decorative effect was given 

to the British art rooms by a handsome 

frieze, which was designed

and for the most part painted b~ Mr. Walter Crane, President of the Arta and Crafts 

Exhibition Society. The scheme consisted of a series of shields connected by scrolls 

of foliage. The Ropai Shield and the Prince of Wales's Shield formed repeated 

centres. and were h&ed each side, the Ropal Shield by the Prince's Feathers and 

the Three Lmpards of England, while the crosses saltire of St. Andrew snd of St. 

Patrick appeared at each end ; bay branches completed the decorations. A aimilar 

arrangement included the Shields of St. Gcorge, St. Edward, and St. Edmund; the 

connecting foliage design was the rose. Oecagionallp the frieze wa~ broken into 

smaller panels, the Red Lion of ScotJand and the Irish Hsrp being placed at either end 

with the thistle and the shamrock. A centre panel ahowed the Royal and English 

Shields, with the rw, shamrock, and thistle combined, and those of St. Edward and 

St. 'Edmund filled intermediate panels designed with branches of the oak and the rose. 

Oalr, rose, and bay recurred as the decorative foliage in the other panels, and the shields 

already mentioned were varied by the Union Flag, the Red Easign, the Blue Ensign, 

and the White Ensign. In all, f i n different shields were introduced, and ananged 

throughout the various rooms. The same general scheme, varied in detail, especially 

in the designs of the fotiage, was continued in the frieze throughout the galleries. It 

was partly stencilled and partly painted. Mr. Cleobnrp assisted Mr. Walter Crane in 

the work. 

OIL PAINTI~YGS. 

First of the pictures, the oil paintings. These arc a beydering collection to 

describe, however briefly-ch a feast of colonr ; so many masterpieces that take the 

heart as well as the eye. 

Xa~y regarded the pictures of Sir John XUaiq Lord Leighton, and one or 

two other hous painters as the gems of the collection. In point of intrinsic valnc 

no doubt they were in thc k t rank: but the things that really captured one's fancy 

were as often as not some little oil or water-colonr from a lesser-known brush, some 

one or other of the many enchanting pieces of portraiture or land- or sea-scape scattered 

over these crowded walls. Jbillnis' two canvases were, however, magnificent worksone 

" Di Vernon" the proud Scottish beauty in her Highland bonnet and ridinggear, 

a painting of wondrous velvety-smooth testun? ; the other lovely " @&a," 

passing fair but haughty, with an air that might well have licensed the artist to title 

her " Lady Din," and draped with a skill marvellous to see. The first picture was 

lent by Mr. C. Sebag-Montxfiore, " Clarissa" by the esecutors of the late ?Kr. J. Statts 

Forbes. 

The late Lord Leighton was represented b~; three oil paintings-LC Teresina," -a 

portrait of an Italian girl, a triumph in flesh tints ; " The Bather " ; and the original 

study painted in 1886 for his celebrated "Perseus and Andromeda." From L d 

Leighton's pen& there were sis drauings and studies full of fine detail. " Teresina " 

was purchased by the Canterbv Soeiet;~ of Arts for the Christchmh gallery. 

Sir Edward Poynter's beautiful portrait " Asterie," in the long gallery at the 

opposite end to Millais' " C!arissa," was an eye-delighting specimen of the Royal 

Academp President's work. 

Sir Laurence Aha-Tadema-another p t name on the Royal Academy list 

lent a fine work in portraiture, a picture of jbrs. Rowland Hill and her children ; and 

another of his paintings, a Roman interior, was lent by the executors of the late J. Statts 

Forbes. Lady ALma-Tadema also sent an oil painting, " The Fit Ear-rings." 

Scottish Highland landscapes were some of- the moet vigorously treated subjects 

in the collection-Peter Graham's changeful skies and dun herds of Highland cattle ; 

Joseph Farquharson's " Evening on Loch Duich " ; David Parquharaon's " Sunrise 

on the Perthshire Moors " ; and. most superb of all, Bhdktds p d stud? in bold 

IS-Exhibition.

OFFICIAL RECORD

purples and black-blues, 'The Rugged Bib of Skye." This was one of the fine things 

of the gallery-+ glorious mountain scene, with the lofty hills towering in deep pwle 

gloom against the setting sun, and, below, the rolling white mists of the blue-shadowed 

glens ; such a scene as only mountain-lovers can appreciate at its fullest--such a licene 

as a thousand glens in our own wild southern mountaim have to show. It held the 

true Highland atmosphere, the mountain gloom and mountain glo~ of Ossian's songs. 

h one gazed and let the wild- spirit of the dour hills and the mists enter his soul, it was 

easy to fancy it some scene of heroic F i s times, when the warriors of the North 

" lay in the heath of the deer and slept beneath the dusky wind "-a~e, and " the ghosts 

of the lately dead mere near. and swam on the gloomy clouds." 

Another sabject. from Caledonia's glens was Sir James Guthrie's sombre-toned 

"Highland Funeral," with its stem sorrowing men and sad-faced womenfolk-a fine 

esample of an engrossing theme treated with intense power. 

Some dramatic historical subjeets showed out conspicuously on the walls. Strongest 

in interest and of a melancholy value was John Charlton's large and careful work. 

" The End of a Glorious Reign," depicting the funeral procession of Queen Victoria 

passing St. James's Palaoe on the 2nd Feb~ary, 1901. Another, with a gayer note of 

colour, was " Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Proodon," by George Haite ; and 

yet another, J. H. Bacon's painting of the " Homage-giving in westminster Abbe? at 

the Coronation of King Edward Yn." Haite's picture was purchased during the E~hibition 

season fot the New South Wales Xational Gallery in Sydney. 

Spenser's lines from " The Faerie Queene," 

Then doth the daedale earth throw forth to thee 

Out of her fruitfiill lnp nbondnnt flowres, 

might with appropriate descriptiveness have been inscribed beneath the title-words 

on Robert Christie's large painting " Flora and Zephyr "-the white-limbed flower- 

. goddess, with her lush wealth of b!ossoms scattered all about her. ..Inother piece of 

classic imagery was Ernest Xornland's fine painting of " Pandora "-Pandora with her 

fatal casket, whence issued all human ills. Finer still n*ns Solomon J. Solomon's 

" Psyche," an outstanding example of beautiful pose. accurate drawing, and perfection 

of flesh-tones. This work was purchased by the Canterbury Societ? of Arts for EUO. 

- " Serena, Found of Sarages "-a subject from Spenser's " Faerie Queene "-was 

a fine theme powerfu!lp handled bp T. B. KenningtonSerena in her slumberous 

naM loveliness. gazed upon by the silent rompan? of wild men of the 11-oods, Spen- 

serian Paus and satyrs. This picture was purchased by the Auel;laad municipality 

for the loca! Art Gallery. 

Now one of Thomas Somerdes's giorious dtramarines filled the Qe, a scene 

" OfE Teneriffe "-the ivory sugarloaf peak rising thgh its haze. a grand heaving 

sea, the real " deep blue sea," that so few marine artists enn paint, dappled by a brisk 

breeze, and a little topsail schooner lifting bravel?- dong before it. Somerscales$ bold 

ocean-blue was a refreshing ehange from many a weaker-tinted seasrape. It had dl 

the vigour and freshness of the deep waters on which the ships pass to and fh Had 

it been for sale it would no doubt have remained in New Zealand. 

Not far away a smaller daintier sea-piece, with something of the same vigorous 

dash of true sea-blue, drew one's admiration, " The Foam-Sprite," by Herbert Draper- 

a laughing elf of a girl niouuted on a dolphin plunging through the white-topped blue 

surges-a picture fdl of audacit?- and the wild joy of life and motion. It was an art gem 

fully worth the 250 guineas paid for it during the Exhibition seasou by the Adelaide 

Art SocieQ-: 

But there on the opposite \m1! hung the most famous sea-piece of them all, Napier 

Hemy's great picture " The Slilugglers "-a contraband craft with a crew.of daring-

looking fellows fl* along before a fresh breeze. pursued by a revenue cutter which 

has jnst plumped a ball from her boa-chaser through the smugglers' sail. A grand 

vigorous work that brought a glow to the eye and a 

snap of action and adventure to one's nerves. It 

brought the top price of the season in the Exhibition 

sales-900 guineas-and now hangs in thc New South 

Wales National Gallery in Sydney. 

Here was a sea-piece of different character, " A 

Blue Day off the Isle of Wight," a pleasant sketch by 

Julius OUson. There was J. C. Hook's bold coastal 

,, THE SYUGGLEUS." scene, " The Seamew's Nest," +th its rochc cMs and 

beating ~8%-a: and there was R. w. Allan's large 

mutical piece " The Return of the Herring-fleet." A particularly he impression of 

sea and c!iffy coast n-as the late Henry Moore's " Deronshire Coast " seene, with Lmdy 

Idand in the distance. 

The p1acidl;r beautiful menery of Old England, with its leafy lanea, its woods, its 

gent!e hills, its church-spires rising like hheacn-pointing fingers behind their anoient 

pox-es. its palace-homes and its old-fashioued xil!ages, found reflex in many a beautiful 

canvas. Probably the landscape of this tpe that most delighted the epe of the New- 

7alander was 71'. B. Leader's great picture " Southward from Surrey's Pleasant Hills," 

an eye-enchanting panorama. ranging in its scope 0re.r hiu and dale, and wood and plain, 

fro111 a riewvpoint on the high pound near the artist's home. Ethel Walker's " Sussex 

Fami " \\-as a quiet peen rural bit that gave colour to kipling's lines about the choice 

that sent hi111 to live " stmng unhampered da~-s "- 

In a fair ground-in n fair pound- 

Yea. Susses by the sen ! 

Edward Daries's " Sunin~m-time " was a warn1 restful seene in the A~lestone Neadows, 

Leirestershire. Alfred East's " The Miller's Meadow " was another eve-soothing a l ~ 

pether pleasant couiltn- piece. Daw-id Hurra?-'s " River Xeadow " ; J. L. Pickering's 

" Abbq- Farm Bcdford " : Mfred Parsons' '' In the West Counm : Cottages by the 

Esc " ; H. Rooke's " End of the Day " ; and Frank Walton's " Holmbury Hill-- 

Sunshine in a Shad? Place," n-ere amongst the man?- landscapes &lWr treated as to 

draning and ao!ouri~%. Se~eral of these found purchasers. Leader's was bought br 

MIS. IT. B. Rhoda, of ITelhgaton. 

The solitar~ alpine piece of an? importance in the ooIlection, Ralph Peacock's 

LC Sunris.2 on the Canlbrena Glwier, S\ritmrlaxld "-the ruddy light tingeing with unearthl~ 

glon- a huge ice-slope-was acquired by the Adelaide Art Sacicty for its Gsllery ; 

the price wvas EOO. 

Here. again, was a clever piece of work, a simple theme treated with perfection of 

brushn-ork " Sunlight through the Leaves." b;r Luo? Kemp Walsh. Another fine 

woodland subject n-as Sir E. A Waterlow's " Through the Wood (near Barbizon)." 

" The Prodigal Daughter," the Hon. John Collier's m-dl-known painting, with its 

powverful lights and shadowa, was one of those pictures that were doubly enthralling 

because of the story that the? silently toid. George Harcourt's "Wanderer," of bold 

colour-glows. was somewhat similar in t?pe ; it is now in Wellington's little Art Gallery. 

,Anoths stor;r-picture, a large canras, was Glazebrook's " Pest I'Emperenr ! "-a painting 

of the oft-to!d incident of the sentinel in Kapoleon's army, who, having fallen asleep 

at his post, awoke to hd to his dismay the great soldier-Emperor with his musket 

mounting guard in his place. 

Full of the dazzIing d n e of the East was a rather striking picture by T. F. M. 

Sheard. " And behold Two Blind Hen aitting by the Wayside "-an embodiment of the 

heat and white light of the sun-baked Holy Land. . .

From the studio of the late G. F. Watts came three paintings, of which the one 

that most impressed one was the wondrously colonred " Bqnhildr," the battle-maid of 

far Northland mythology, l +g amidst the flames, condemned to remain there in a trancelike 

sleep until awakened bp a hero who will brave the flames to secure her. 

Of paintings of the highly decorative class wm Walter Crane's splendid symbolic 

work, " The Conquerors," and G. D. Leslie's brilliant " Wizard's Garden." 

Amongst the portraits co~xunanding special attention br reason of the subject as 

much as the treatment was Tennpson Cole's portrait of the Right Hon. R. J. Seddon, 

painted from sittings given in London during the late Premier's last visit to England. 

These were some of the pictures that lingered weU before the mind's eye after one had 

inspected the gallery. It is not possible to separately note all the fine pieces of the oils 

section. Enough to say that, beside% the srtists named, there were worb h m the easels 

of painters of such standing as Kibet Pollok, Sir Philip Bume-Jones, Frank Bramlep, 

W. E Byles, Frank Dibee, Stanhope Forbes, Wolfram Ford, W. P. Frith, E. J. Greeorp, 

C. E. Hall&, Von Herkomcr, W. A. Ingram, John Lochhead, J. Seymour Lucas, Yortimer 

Menpes, Charles Jb. Orchqhon and W. Q. Orchardson, C. E. Perugini, Sir H. B. Bicbmond, 

Marcus Stone, G.'A. Storeyy A. Chevallier Taylor, and W. L. Wyllie, and other 

&ta of high repute. 

Wa~~a-cou>UBs. 

In the water-colour rooms, hung with over two hundred works, it ma another 

bewildering anap of delightful art, a peqetual feast of colour. British water-colour 

artists are regarded as the best in the world, and the collection h o d in this gallery 

was thoroughIy well representative of the school. 

Perhaps the most valuable work in the Water-oolour Rooms was the late Sir Edward 

Burne-Jones's soft and graceful " Sleeping Beauty," of style mcditeval, with a 

decorative architectural setting and a bachpund of roses. His other N ~~c~-CO~OII~ 

was the " Chess-players " ; in addition some of his studies in black-and-white for 

pictures were shown, including a head for the painting " The Golden Stairs." 

Another eclebratcd water-colour artist. Sir Edward Po~tcr, shod two attractive 

works, " A ST Chalk-pit," and " Hardrow Scar, Yorkshire." 

A picture of excellent detail and gorgeous colour was T. U. Rookc's " Herod's Feast." 

in which the daughter of Her& is dancing before Herad. h pakting full of high 

dramatic effect and brilliant, eren dadng, effects in rainbow hues, full of the palpitating 

sensuous life and cotour d the old. old East. 

Here, in one corner, is a ruamllons and m?&e sea-piem-" The Silent Sea" by 

George Cockram. A motionless, weird spread of ocean, without beginning and \\ithout 

end ; an atmosphere that breathes of awe and mpteq - the spirits of air and ocean 

brooding upon the great deep. Some altogether intangible air of enchantment over it 

aU-4 etExt simple pet so profo1~nd-drew man? again and again to " Thc Sieilt Sea" 

in an attempt to solve the riddle of its strange charm. d \Velhgton lady became the 

possessor of this work at the close of the Eshibition. 

"Lorna Dooue," a splendid canvas ablaze with colour. by Joseph Finnemom, 

brought crowding memories of the most harming of English romallccs. There stood 

the lovely Lorna in her dark slender gram, with her strong-handed stout-hearted fannerlover 

John =dd. confronting the wimrd-like old patriarch of the Doo~lcs. the " bad 

men " of the Doone Valley, that Biachore drew iu language so full of &ill and yet so 

help simple. 

Of Sir Ern& A. Waterlow's famous water-colour work them were two fine 

esamples, one the eye-delighting "JIill Pool," which went to the New South Wales 

National Gallery for f250 ; the other mu " A Pool among the Eil!s." 

Frsnk Dadd had three pictures, " The Captain of the Troop "-a sorrowhl story-

picture showing a Puritan leader dying in a farnhonse in the midst of his stern but lovinghearted 

men ; " Small Fish are better than no FIS~," and " First Aid." H. on Herkomer 

had two equally he water-colours ; one a splendid study of a chnddhg shrewdered 

old boatman. - 

Walter Crane's " Britomart " was of another iqe, a brilliant piece of classic and 

symbolic painting ; Britomart, the warrior-maid in the " Faerie Queene "in whom 

Spenaer is believed to *ifr Britannia4 in her gold and scarlet. 

Gcorge C. Haite's " Ivenetian Fruit-stau" was a chan~ullg bit of bright colour, of 

golden fruit and dark-eyed girls. ,hother of Haite's, of a Merent class, icas a fine 

English landscape, a riexr from Richmond Hill. Surrey. w. Lee H111;e~'s "We've . 

been in the Meadows all Day" was a pleasant piece of work that. the trustees of the 

Canterbq Society of ,Arts picked up for their Christchurch gallev. 

E. J. Gregory's " The Castellan," a work much praised for its admirable handling 

of textures, black velvet and red silk, went to the New South Wales Kational GaUq 

at 250 guineas. 

" On the Canal, Dordrecht," by R. N. Coven*, won the admiration of the Selec- 

tion Committee of the Xew Zealand Academy of Fie Arts, and was purchased by them 

for the Wellington Gallery. 

Of the legion of other water-colours those which drew one's particular attention 

were such he sketches as John M. Swan's " Tigress watching Python" ; W. Epe

-YEW ZEALE'YD E?CFJIBITION. 279 

Walker's Devonshire scene " The Vdey of the Dart," and a Scottish moorland view ; 

" On the Hill-top " by Abed Parsons ; " The Houses of Parliament, Westminster," by 

W. Y. Hale : " From the Depths of the Sea" by J. R. Reid ; " hiens Cathedral, from 

the Choir." by the late Sir Wyke Ba$ss ; " h Roman Garden," by A. C. Gow : " The 

Sword-cutler's Daughter," by Edgar Bunby ; a hill scene in Xorth Wales, by Edward 

Davies ; two landscapes by Claude Hays ; and " Far from Court and Free from Care," 

by G. Sheridan Knowles. A number of these are now in the New Zealand art galleries. 

Mr. Longden, the British art representative, had two of his own water-co!ours in thc 

collection, an autumn scene near the Xssisippi, and " The Moat of an Ancient Suffok 

Farm." 

b ~ ~ c r r ~ s . 

Xmy daintily delightid gems of English art were included in the collection of 

144 miniatures, contributed far the most part by the Royal Society of Miniature Painters 

and the Society of Miniaturists. Amongst thc most admirable of good &wing and 

csqnisitc colouring werz a " Bacchante " by Jdr. Alfred Praga (President of the Society 

of Jdiniaturists) : some beautiful bits of portraiture by &. Lionel Heath ; " The Sea- 

King's Daughter." by Mr. Hal Hurst ; several works by Xk E. Haig ; five excellent 

miniatures br W. Quinnell ; several by Alyn Williams, including a picture of Queen 

Xexandra ; " Summer Dap," by &. Lce Hankep ; " Portrait of a Child," bp Helen 

Conder ; " A T p of English Beauty," by Mrs. Chamberlain ; " Hope," by Chris. 

Adams ; " Ifotherhood," by Hannah Xyers ; and " Reverie " and others. by Aim& 

Xuspratt. 

Buc~-rn-w~rr~ 

WORK. 

The section of tho g d e allotted ~ to the maq- works in b!ack-and-n.hitc4wing~, 

etchings, engrarings, &c.--deserved long and careful inspection. Every one of thc 

scores of exhibits in this class was an example of excellent work by an artist of repute 

- in the O!d Land. Of special intemst because of their royal authorship were a number 

of etchings by the late Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort, signed and dated. Many 

a famous artist's nrmc was inc!uded in the list of those represented by pen-and-ink 

and pencil drawings, etchmgs, and mezzotint cngra~illgs. There were the late Sir E. 

Bume-Jones's studies of heads and figures for his pauitings " Laus Veneris," " The 

Golden Stairs." and " Cupid's Hunting-ground." and drapen- studies for his unfinished 

picturo " -I~-alon." There were Frank Craig's powerful drauings " 'Varsity Life at 

Osford--the Unin~ited Guest." and " Between the Races at Henley Regatta " ; and a 

sot of Walter Crane's original 'line drawings for Spenscr's " Faerie Querne," for " Flora': 

Feast." and his fine piece " Chants of Labour." Then there were two of Aubrey 

Bdlef s typical drawings ; two of Leslie Brooke's origins! pen drawings for 

" Punch " : pencil and chalk drawings by Lord Leighton ; three chalks b~ Se~mour 

Lucas; chalk and charcoal studies by Briton Rivihe. The subject of one of Alfred 

Pcrrse's black-and-white drawings was the memorial service he!d at St. Paul's Cathedral 

for the !ate 3Ir. Seddon. On every hand wcre fine etchings : some of those of highest 

escc!lencc were contributions by Frsnb: Short, -4lfrcd East. W. Barnett, Fred Burridge, 

Sir Francis Seymour Haden, Colonel R. Go& Sir Charles Hohoyd. Tiim Strang, and 

W. L. Wyl!ie. Robert Spence had a powd etching, " Vanderdecken." From H. 

Scott Bridgwater's studio came an exquisite set of mezzotint engra* of beautiful 

women, after Romney and Sir Joshua Rcpno!ds. 

In this c!ass there was a large " overilow" coEection in the British Court in 

the &in Building, comprising 290 works-b!ack-and-white drawings, etchings, and 

engravings. Amongst these were drawings by Phil Map. Du Jiaurier, Tom Browne, 

Henry M. Brock, Fred Townsend, Bernard Partridge, and Fred Pegram-many of thcsc 

were draw for Punch. A set of four Pud pencil drawings by Sir John Tenniel


were also shorn. There were a large number of ep-delighting etchings and exquisite 

engravings ; amongst the principal artists in these departments were R. E. Bush, 

George Gasoope, Margaret Kemp-Wdch, Axel Haig, Constance Pott, Joseph htt, 

F. Slocombe, and Daniel Wehrschmidt. 

Over a hundred and 6fe architectural drawings were also included in the art sections 

aCC0mmodstsd in the Main Building. These dra- covered a veq wide field 

in modern British architecture. Amongst them were Mr. Bentley's designs for Westminster 

Cathedral, and drawings for two other English ~athedrals and an abbe?. desies 

for. numerous other ecclesiastical builii~gs, several museums. colleges, banbs. and 

libraries, offices and factories, and dwelliughonses. Anlongst the n:ost interesting to 

architects \\.ere Sir Aston Webb's designs for the Royal College of Science at South 

Kensington; Sir T. Newenham Dane's and Tholnas M. Dane's studies for the Industrial 

Institute, London, and the Science and Art Museum and Xatio~ml Library 

Buildings, Dublin ; Mesms. E. Gzorge and & B. Tates's drawing of Welbeck Abbey ; 

Mr. Gerald Moira's decorations for the new Ciq Sessions House, London; alld Sir C. 

a nationa! memorial.

The eighty-three pieces of senlpture that adorned the British gallery consisted 

chiefly of bronze statuettes, with a few heads and busts in marble. The collection of 

bronzes was a splendid one. embracing 

exampl& of work -from 

some of the most famous English 

studios. Thomas Brock, President 

of the hie@ of British Sculptare, 

was rcpr~~ented by three works, 

one an exquisite bronze statuette, 

" Eve," another a marble studr 

of a head for the Leighton tomb. 

The work of the late Wow Ford 

was repraented by a head in 

marble. A particularly beautiful 

piece of work was W. Reynolds- 

Stephens's bas - rslicf '' Youth." 

Probably the finest of the bronzes 

u-erc Alfred Drurfs " Age of Innocence," 

aud a head. " Griselda." 

Coirrad Drcsslcr sent a classic 

"Bacchante." Of thc latc Lord 

Leighton7s work there was the 

fanlous &re " The Sluggard," a 

bronze reduction. A wonderfu11?skilful 

wbrk in bronze war; 

Lucchesi's old hdcd " Hcrmit " ; 

almost as he usas his statuette 

"Destiny." Bertram Hcge~mal 

contributed three fine pieces, two 

of which were in bronze and the 

other a nlarblc re!ief. Of H. 

Thonlycroft's genius there \\-ere IP THE B~1.nsa S~cno~, BUT GALL~UY. 

four fine cxamples in bronze. an 

equestrian sbtuctte. " Ed\d the First " ; " The Mower," " The- Bather," aid 

" Teucer, the Homeric Bo~nlan.'~ J. S. Sarge~t showed a study in bronze for the 

large decoration of Boston Cathedral. U.S.A. Other beautiful works were P. Mont- 

ford's bronze " Mother and Child" ; E Bertram Pegram's ~narblc bust " A Merry 

Babe " ; Charles Hartwell's bronm statuette " The Lass of Dee " ; J. W. Gosc.onbe's 

" Elf" ; and " A Greek Darner," by G. Bapes. A number of these bronzes a d 

lnarbles found purchasers in New Zealand : W. Remolds-Stephens's " Touth " n*as 

sold for ;El25 ; Pegram's '' A Mem Babc " for 265 ; and the Thornpcroft and 

statuettes, " The Mower " and "The Age of Innocence," for G O apiece. 

The wtion of the gallery c~cupied by the arts-and-crafts exhibits n-a a clclightful 

museum of the applied arts-book-illustrdon, book biding and printing, illumination, 

caligraphp, metal-work jewelleq-, .enamel. glass and pott~, wmoodarving7 furniture, 

gilding, mosaic, stained glass, walldecoration, needlework, tapestry, lace, and hand- 

~ving. The disp!ar of beautiful work in beaten silver was a leading feature of the


splendid collection. and many of the gems of art shom were excellent examples of 

mediaeval designs applied to modern articles of usc and adornment. 

Prominent on the north and south wslls of thc principal room devoted to arts and 

crafts were examples of the famous designs by Walter Crane and the Iate William 

Morris, leaders in the mov2ment for the revival of English arts and handicrafts. Wiliam 

Hods work included some beautiful designs in wan-papers, hand-blocked printed 

cottons, wool tapestry hangings, silk and wool damask, and embossed Utrecht velvet. 

May Morris b e d some very beautiful work in thc form of pane4 and jeweflery of 

excellent design. Walter Crane's fine frieze around the walls of the Art Gallery has been 

already described. His other work shown included a set or original drawings in line 

and colour for his book " A Flower Wedding " ; original drawings for Xathaniel Hawthorne's 

" Wonder Book " ; original coloured sketches for " dli Baba " ; aud screen and 

frieze and book-cover designs, all pcrfect in drawing and colouring, and forming a 

collection of uncommon charm to art-lovers. 

In pictorial work there were many scores of other beautiful objects, most of them 

by members of the Art and Crafts Eshibition Society. Noticeable amongst thcse were 

J. D. Batten's water-colour prints; T. T. Blaploek's stencilled prints; H. A. and 

Margaret Bone's £rieze painted on linen, " The Ox-wain " ; a wood-engraving and 

several woodcuts in colour by Sydney Lee ; an original design for decoration, " Autumn." 

painted on the wall of the Royal Academy, London, by Harold Speed. In iEuminating, 

therc were man? dainty examples of the ancient and beautiful art. Particdarly fine 

were Florence Kingford's illuminated page of Kcats' " Ode on Indolence " ; a miniature 

illumination " King Cophetua," by Jessie Bayes ; a written and illuminated copy 

of " Thc Beatitudes," on lambskin, and several other illuminated writings by Percy J. 

Smith. In artistic ca!igrsphy, too, therc were sevcre! de!icately beautiful pen-andbrush 

writings by Grail? Hewitt. Of more than ordinary beauty were the illuminations 

of'flowcrs in two boo& one Francis Bacon's book on the pleasurc of a garden. and thc 

othcr a lecturc on " ,Art and its Producers " dc!ivered by Wil!iam Jfoms at Liverpool. 

111 art book priutiug and binding nutnemus fine esamples were shom, 1yiq opeu 

in the gallery (as well as three cases of book in the main British section). They were 

oi pat value to Ne~s--Zdanders as models of beauty ill the malrulg of a book, both 

in clearness and boldness of type and in rich and decorative Of special beauty 

=as a Life of WXim Blake, bound in red morocco, with oak-leaf design by Katherine 

Adams : an illustrated Life of Rembrandt, bound in coloured vellunl ; " The Knight. 

and the Dragon " in similar binding ; and a cop>- of the " Canterbun- Tales " in Siger 

morocco-all three designed and executed by Irma J. Rowntree: a Bible of dignity 

an& beauty in its tpe-design of bkk and scarlet, and tn-o Psalms, by T. J. Cobdeu- 

Sanderson and E. Walker : " The Christmas Carol," bound in brown sealskin : " Jlodern 

Love and other Poeins," bound in white sealsh-in inlaid and tooled ; aud " lfenlorials 

of Edward Burne-Jones," bound in Levant morocco-all three designed by Douglas 

B. Cockerell and executed br E. Harch and W. Callaghan. 

Of veq ImautifuI design and n.orLulanship, too, was a fine book lent br'His 3lajcsty 

the Kiug, " The Nearest Guard "-a history of " His Majesty's Body-guard, of the 

Honorable Corps of Gentlemen-at-arms." It was bound in red Nier morocco, tooled 

in gold, and was designed and esecuted by Nelly G. Woolrich. 

Of tapestries and art screem, decorative panels, embroidery-work, plaques, hanners, 

worked coverlets, &c., thew was a benildering variety, of surpassin,- beaue of desku 

and richness of colouriq. It is impossible to list or describe them all. A few of those 

of more than ordinary escellenee were Amelia M. Bauerte's decorative pa&, "The 

Sleeping Beauty " and " Orphans " ; an enamelled plaque &ping a kneeling angel, 

designed by Comd Dressler ; tapestries and oak carvings by G. Jack ; a screen-panel 

and cushion-cover b?- Xay lionis ; a splendid painted screen "The Revenge," by R.

SEW 2EAwD -1TIOS. 

Morton Same ; porcelaii panels by Leon V. Solon ; a needlework pauel, " sweet 

Thsmes," desigoned by Walter Crane and esecnted by Violet Turner; designs for stainedglass 

panels by Leonard Walker; desii in various fabrics by Cecil Nillar; a decorative 

panel, " Fair Rosamund," and two panels in inlaid and incised wood, by Bernard Sleigh ; 

pieces of beautiful hand-woven fabric b~- E. Hunter, including a he tapestrJ-, " The 

Forest" ; designs in silk brocade and various fabrics by Cecil Millar ; " peasant" 

tam and curtain, designed by Godfrey Bloat and esecuted and exhibited 

by members of the Peasant ,Society. mere were copper repod plaques ; vasey 

of ,pat beauty bearine; designaq by Walter Crane and other artists ; lustre vases and 

specimells of La~lcastrian pottery in opalescent, crystalline, and flanlbe glazes, \\-it11 

designs by Crane ; mantelpiece-panels ; hand-painted tiles ; and a host of other pretty 

thii~s for the home beautiful. 

The fiver beaten \vorli and the jewelleqr mere to many the most enticing exhibits 

in this section. It was indeed a display that represented the highest level of the silversmith's 

art. Evewhing was made by hand, and there were no duplicates of any articles. 

There were silver buckles, belt-clasps, brooches, buttons, neclilets, bowls, tankards, 

caskets, ja~, s~ns, and a multitude of other beautiful objects, designed by artists 

and executed by clever art workers. In jewellery there were many exquisite articles : 

mold pendants and charms ; . gold pendant necklaces set with pearls, turquoises, rubies, 

?'

and other gems ; silver and turquoise neckhe ; silver and euameled pendants ; silver 

crowe set with precious stones ; wrought gold and silver brooches ; bracelets in silver 

and mother-of-pearl ; a gold filigree pendant set with moonstones-but they wen? beyond 

enumeration, all of graceful design and meticnlons care in w o ~ p Some . of 

the enamel-work in the jewellev was particularly beautiful; it was often used with . 

qeat taste in the adornment of belt-bucldes, and in pendants, &c. A notably decorative 

example of the use of enamel was a repmentation of the combat of St. Ceorge and 

the Dragon, in enamel, framed in dull beaten ateel, with an encircling briar-= design. 

In one of the cases of silrer-work there lay a red-ably beautiful example of dewrative 

silver handmod-, the mace of the City of Shefiield, lent by the and Albert 

Xuseum. It bore an elaborate detail of the English wild rose, the acorn, and the oakleaf, 

alteruate with the shield of the city, and with rich pomegranate patterns down 

the handle. 

In copper-work there were numerous exsmples of high-art wo 'Lip, amow 

them a silvered-copper relief, "The Storm Ride," and a relief "Jason ploughq the 

Acre of Jdars," by Gilbert Ba yea ; a copper loving-cap ; some beautifnl chased copper 

bowls exhibited by the Biham Municipal School for Jewellers and Sdversmiths; 

hammemd copper palm-bowls, plaques, candlesticb, and a Zodiac Belt, cloisonnk enamel 

on copper. Jnst a few, these, of the hundreds of richly beautiful articles in the bolation-esamplea 

of the excellent use of art designs in oommon thing~ as well ss in 

jewellery and in articles for housedecoration. 

Another cla48 of art handicraft in which beautiful work was shown was the Isce. 

Irish and E@ih he-work was illustrated by numerous he specimens of feminine 

skiU in the form of cdars and scarves from Limerick and from Buckinghamshire. 

In addition to the collections in the Arb and Crafts Gallery, a large number of 

objects of art worhamhip were shown in the British Court in the Main Building. 

Them articles, of p t variety and of bigh artistic value, included esamples of work 

iu gold, silver, and enamel jewellery ; chased silver and copper work ; high-class book 

binding and printing ; friezes, drap~iqs, woodcuts, and photo-engravings ; camhgs 

in Fqiish oak vases, painted bowls, wall-paper designs, cartoons for stained-glass 

windows, and designs for many kinds of art-work by eminent arists. An exhibit of 

qnaint interest, of rnral Old-%gland dtions, was a collection of rustic sm& 

from sis counties-Bucks, Domt, k x , Gloacestershii, Susses, mud Kent. 

Bew-Zealonders aud Bus* gave practiesl expression to their admiration of 

the British Art Gallery by making large purchases of pictures and other works of 

art. The sales of pictures, pieces of sculpture, dcc., during the season totalled a sum of 

£17,017 7s. 8d. Of thiv amount the sums spent in the gallery by Art Societies wer? 

nr f0ll0\Vs :- 

Sydney . . . . . . 

Canterbury . . . . . . 

Adelaide . . . - . . . . 

\V-n .. . . . . .. 

duckland .. . . . . 

Duedin (iuccluding D~&.I~u University) . . 

The oil paintiqs sold numbered 52, snd the water-~olonrs 90; pieces of sculpture 

11, and miniatures 15 ; besides some 100 black-and-white drawings, and 321 articles 

in the Arts and craft^ Section. The Presidents of the Royal hadeny (Sir 

Edward J. Poynter), the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-mlours (Mr. E. J.

Gregory), the Royal Water-colonrs Society (Sir A E. Waterlow), the Ropl Society 

of British Artiste (Mr. Alfred East), and the A.rh and Crafts Exhibition &ie@ 

(Mr. Blfred Crane) all sold some of their work The total sales of British pictures at the 

St. Louis World's Fair amounted to only $3,444, or less than half the amount r d i 

at the New Zealand Eshibitioa 

Besides these purchases bp New Zealand and Am- Art Societies private 

purchaes were made to the amount of £7,420. New Zealand bought to the value of 

E11,821 Is. 8d., and Australia to the value of B,%6 6s. The number of exhibitors in 

the British Art Section who sold works was 2% ; of these 183 were in the Fine Arts 

and seventy- two in the Bas and Crafts Section. The average price realiscd by oil 

paintings was f.186, and by the waterer-eolonrs W. 

Mr. Alfred A. Longden, the representative of Fine Art for Great Britain, was more 

than satistied with the success of the gallery. The attendance, he said, compared 

very well with that at the St. Louis Fabibition. and the colonial public esprmaed its 

admiration for the gallery's treasures in a most practical manner. Mr. Longden felt 

that much of the success achieved was due to the fact that the various schools of English 

painting were represented in the gallery. This had been brought about by the presidents 

of the societies taking an active part in the project, and by the members of societies 

giving material assistance. The adrmnurtra . . 

tion aas indebted to Sir Isidore Spiebk Director of Fie Brt for Great Britain, without whose taet and energy this collection 

could never have been brought together. Mr. Longden believes that the exhibition of 

samples of British arts and crafts \pill have a lasting effect, in the homes of the people 

of Canterburr at my rate. This was only the second b c 

that arts and crafts had been 

included in the British Fine Arts Section at an Interuational Exhibition, aid it has hen 

shorn1 in Christehurch that the idea codd be very successfully carried out. 

In pet another direction the gallery was educational-visitors lean14 the ad- 

vantage of framing pictures suitably and of hanging them properly. 

AS to thk sales, Mr. Longden eoqratalated the Canterbury Art Sociec on its choice 

of pictures. It was second. in mg,aard to the sum of money spent, to only the National 

Art Gallq of Sydney. After it came the Adelaide Art Galleryy and then iFeUington. 

Auclrla~ld, and Dunedin.

SECTION XI. 

GLXERAL SlAEMMARY OF BUSNESS EXHIBITS. 

b a great many of the commercial- and industrial exhibits were shown in the district 

courts, and are refed to in the descriptions of thow courts, the following wmmary 

of the more noticeable trade exhibit deals chiefly with those that were displaycd iudi- 

vidually. They were scattered throughout the Exhibition buildings; it would no doubt 

have been better had some dcfiuite system of grouping been adopted. A large number 

of British f i exhibited their m a n u ; many of them were represented by 

Mr. Arthur J. Day, who came out from England in their interests ; others were represented 

by their IocaI agents.

SEW ZEAlAXD ESHIBITIOX. 

WOOL AND WOOLLEN-MAXUFdCTGRES. 

Had the promoters of the Exhibition wished to conspicuous& +-mboiite, in totem 

form after the ancient way, the riches of the counw, the7 could fittingly have set on high 

as an emblem of the land not the time-sanctified moa, or the familiar long-billed kiwi, 

or any other indigenous thing, @te or inanimate, not a golden pyramid or a gargantuan 

cheese, but a ~ 0 1 Sheep. ~ 1 The humble sheep it is that we have to thank for 

quite half om wealth. It brings New Zealand more than ten dons sterling a pear, in 

wool and frozen meat, exported hm the Dominion, and the ralue is increasing annually. 

asveral of the provincial and district courts in the Exhibition. as well as tho Agricultural 

Department, made a special feature of the wool &'bits. all samples of the best that the 

sheep-runs of each district produced. No part of the world is better suited to the breeding 

of sheep, either for wool or for mutton or for both, than those regions in New Zealand 

now devoted chiefly to this purpose. During the Exhibition ?ear the exports of wool alone 

totalled some seven and a half millions sterling. hides this inuuense amount, there 

was probablv three quarters of a million sterling worth of wool used in the ten woollen- 

& of the Dominion in the manufacture of clothing-fabrics, blankets, rags, and other 

goods, which not only furniah New-Zealandem with their best articles of daily wear, but 

have earned a high reputation outside this country for puri~ and reliabilitr of material 

and excellence of iinish. New Zealand rugs and Kew Zealand tweeds have become 

known in England and America for their design and quality, and a high compliment 

was paid to this corn- when a New Zealand woolleu-mill was an-arded the Grand Prix 

at the St. Louis Exposition in 1W for rugs, blankets, and wool. 

Most of the wool exhibits were included in the various provincial courts. and rvc 

refmed to in the descriptions of those sections of the Exhibition. Among& the sheepbreeders 

and others who contributed good exhibits of wool were the following : Reale?- 

Bros., of Haldon, Hororata, Canterbury. who sent good examplm of scoured and a- 

scoured wool, also photographs of their Romner h h sheep ; th Canterbtq- Frozen 

Meat and Dairyproduce Export Company, of Christchurch. which showcd various 

grades of wool and dyed and cured sheep-skins ; the Gear Xeat ReservLlg and Freezing 

Company, of Welhgton. pelts, wool, kc. ; E Matson and Co.. Ckistchurch. sanlples 

of English Leicester wool, grown by Joseph Heydon, Esq. ; IT. Nichollq of Belfast. 

Canterbum, scoured wool, prepared wool, geas~ wool. and dressed sheep-skim ; Ken- 

Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Conlpany (Limited). samples of wool from various 

growers in the colony ; R. and J. Reid, of Riversleigh. Darfield. Canterbury, samples 

of wool and photographs of English Leicester sheep : A. IT. Rutherford, of Raiau. 

North Canterbuw, samples of wool from sheep on Xendip Hills Run ; A. D. Sutherland, 

of Omarama, Otago, a bale of scoured nlcrino wool. The following exhibitors received 

awards for their collective exhibits of w-oal : P. C. Threlkeld, G. D. Greenwood, James 

Little, James Stringfellow, and Ensor Bros., of Canterbu~; Douglas &Lean, of 

Hawke's Bsy ; and Watson sheman. of hgo. 

The high class of work turned out by the woollen-works of Kea Zealand was well 

exemplified in the large special exhibits of two big woollen compauies-the Wehgton 

Woollen-manufacturing Company (Limited), and the Kaiapoi Woollen-manufacturing 

Company, of Christchurch. These companies had elaborate displays in dose proximi* 

to each other, near the eastern side of the main entrance. Large glass cases were filled 

with groups of figures showing to the best and fullest advantage the articles of apparel 

of all kinds that these factories tarn out, from ladies' costumes to military uniforms and 

all the other multitudinous fabrics that issue from the looms of these great industrial 

establishments. 

The Welbgtan Woollen Cornpan~, which has its mill at Petone, made a particularly

ight and attractive display of all its woollen, worsted, and knitted goods. Thia mill 

has been in existence for twenty-one rears ; the number of hands employed in the mill 

d in the clothing-factory in the fiv of Wellington totals five hundred. Prominent 

amongst the goods shown were rngs in pure merino of unsurpassed quality and design ; 

blankets of the best qualie ; dressed tweeds of all textures of wool for ladies' dresses 

and costumes ; tweeds, woollen, and worsted for men; fancp vestings in pura wool and 

silk ; men's apparel of all kinds, including military uniforms and band uniforms ; knitted 

work in great varietp, from the heaw class to the hest w d and si& and every kind 

of garbii for a ladp, from a ball-dress to a motor-costume. 

The Kaiapoi Woollen Companfs business, one of the largest textile industries in 

Australasia, made a compr2hcnaive display of its high-class manufactures-rugs, blankets, 

flannels, s-, tweeds, hosiery, &. Kakpoi rugs have won celebrity in many 

places far remote from the colony, and of these there was an exwdhglp fine display. 

The ladies' eostmaes, skirts, coats, and mantles, girW jackets, and dresses and similar 

articles of clothing manufactured h m the product of these mills were shown in large 

cases, attractively, and with considerable taste in arrangement. There was a large and 

escellent exhibit of men and boc' clothing, including au e-msive display of ahirts 

and pyjamas. On thc right and left of thc showcases there were models dressed in 

uniforms representing a Ropl Horn ,.llrtilerplm and a trooper of the North Canterbury 

Xountcd Rifles ; these uniforms we^ made from the Kaiapoi Company's cloth. 

The great manufactory from which d these articles of wear issued lies about twelve 

miles from Christchurch Civ, on the banks of the River Cam, and bas come to be 

looked upon as one of the " sights " of Christchurch district. 

The South Cantorb- Woollen-mills also sent a creditable displap of woollen gods. 

Au exhibit of unique interest in one of the Kaiapoi Woollen Company's caws was 

a blanket sent out from Scotland. shown because of the fact that it had been woven 

by a veteran craftsmn in his hundredth par, the late 331. Matthew Fowlda, of Grepstone 

Knowe, Kilmarnock. father of the HOD. George Fowlds. M.H.R., of AucLland, Hinister 

of Education in the New Zealand Cabinet. This exhibit was awarded n gold medal. 

CrnTHING, ETC. 

Cnder the heading " Clothing," besides the exhibits of woollen and worsted goods 

and clothing of various kinds made by the large woollen-manu-g firms of New 

Wnd, the exhibitors included the Colonial Jlsnufscturiq Company, of Chris@hmh, 

which made a displap of its specialties in the form of oilskins, cloaks, cycle-apes, motorcoats, 

&c. ; & b b r and Son, of AucI;latid. seamless coats ; J. Cnmmings, of Ashburton, 

ladies' tailoring ; the London American Tailorkg Company, of Buckland, Parisian 

costumes. 

General eshibits in ladies' costumes, millinery, h., were made by the Dit 

Importing Company of Xew Zealand, Christchnrch ; Strange and Co., of the same city : 

C. Adam, of Wellington; the Xew Zealand Farmers' Co-operative Association of 

Cmlterbuq ; Brodrick and Iiinvig, of Wellington ; Jdscky, Logan, and $o., of Auckland 

; Snrgood, Son, and Ewen, of Christchurch ; the Langer School of Dress-cutting, 

Christchurch ; and specimen work of pupils from the Imperial School of Dress-cutting. 

Locally made clothing also came from the large factories of A. Clark and Sons, Auckland ; 

hb, 

Logan, Caldwell, and Co.. clnckland ; and W. A. Tribe and Co., of Christchnrch. 

Two large English kms also eshibited in this class: one, the Midland Shawl and 

Hosiery Company, of Beeston. Xotts, sent samples of their shawls and hosiery, and the 

other, Ferguson and Co. (Limited), of cadisle, exhiiited cotton piece-,&, striped 

goods, woven silk, &c. 

Exhibits of embroidery, needlework k, were made by Y. Eldred, of Ch&itchurch, 

and Misses Ogle and Leach, of Christchnrch ; and Peach and Sons showed lace curtains

NEW !ZEALC?cSD EXHIBITION. 

from Xottingham, the seat of the English industry. Linen goods of all kinds, from 

tablecloths to embroidered handkerchiefs, were shown by John S. Brown and Sons. 

Other exhibits of excellent qualitp under this class were naval and military accoutrements, 

helmets, caps, belta, buttons, &., by J. R. Gaunt and Sons, England; some 

first-rate work in Masonic and friendly societies' regalia and militaq- and other badges, 

by P. Robert, of Palmerston North ; friendly societies' rcgalia, by Da~d Jones, Limited, 

Sydney; parasols and umbrellas. by G. C. Vear and. Sons, of Chistchurch; ostrichfeathers 

(made up), by the Helvetia Ostrich Company, Auekland ; and dressed oatrichfeathers 

by George King, of Christchureh. hasene and he silk-work mantel-drapes, 

kc., mere shown by Robert Elston. 

Boot and shoes, both Sew-Zealand-made and impaed, were represented by several 

large exhibits in different parfa of the Main Building. The Xew-Zealand-made article 

was of particularly good quality, a quality that supplied an excellent reason for a high 

tariff-wall against imported boots and shoes. The boot business is one of very considerable 

value to the dpny from an industrial viewpoint. The latest returns show 

the number of boot-factories in the colony to be 72, employing some 2,20 hands, and 

having an output totding half a million sterling. Amongst the exhibitom of the New- 

Zealand-made article were the firms of Skelton, Frcmtick, and Co., of Christchurch (who 

also showed American, English, and French boots) ; Smith and Sons. of Christchmh ; 

W. Henderson, of Dunedin, who showed good hand-sewn boots and shoes ; P. J. De Ls 

&ur, of Christchurch, who had an exhibit of boots, shoes, and slippers. of local make ; 

and the New Zealand Farmers' Co-operative Aawcbtion of Canterbum, which sent an 

exhibit representing its stock of boots and shoes. An Australian boot company represented 

was Perr?;,and Co., of Richmond, Melbourne, and another was J. Hunter and 

Son, of Sydney. During 1905, boots and shoes to the value of £282,911 were imported 

. into the colonp. 

In the saddlery and harness-iuabring class. the firms exhibiting in addition to those 

mentioned in the descriptions of the various provincial courts were : The New Zealand 

Farmers' Co-operative Association. kmess. saddles, &c. ; Lane and Co., of Woolston, 

who showed samples of their harness-leather ; W. Wade, South Canterbury, set of dogcart 

harness and a saddle; T+ and Denton, of Christchurch, who had on view 

a worliing exhibit of harness and bag making, besides specimens of their saddlery, 

harness, and trotting-gear ; Trist and Small, of the same tie. who made a general display 

of saddlery and harness ; W. Patchem, Ashburton, Scotch-cart harness and set of 

harness; and B. W. Bii of Lower Hutt, Wellington, who sent specimens of his 

hand work in the shape of whips and whip-thongs, plaited bridles, &c. A Sydney 

tradesman, R. Millar of Petersham. sent an exhibit consisti~q of three pairs of sulk? 

ders marked as bei colonial hand-made. Triw and Denton, of Christchurch, 

showed trunks, portmanteaus, and tnveW-bag of various liinds, and P. W. Lambert 

and Co., various articles in leather. From the Southland Fannersy Co-operative Stores 

came some well-made horse-covers. 

,+ 

FOOD 

am FOOD-pao~ucrs. 

In the important class " Food-products," the exhibits covered a nide rang, from 

frozen and canned meats and other products of the great meat companies to canned 

fruits of every hind, jams, butter and cheese, sugar and biscuits, besides a considerable 

variety of imported food delicacies. 811 the large frozen-meat companies had eshibits 

in some part or other of the building. Some of these exhibits, as well as those. in fruit, 

jams, &., are referred to in the descriptions of the various provincial courts. It will 

be safficient here to enumerate the principal ezrhiiitors. 

19- Exhibition.


The Christehurch Meat Company and Canterbq Frozen Meat and D* Produce 

Export Compauy showed canned and froten meats and various other products of the 

meat industq-; the Gear Meat Campan?, of Wellington, a display of canned meats ; 

JZcCa!lum, of Temuka, preserved meats ; Moritzson and Co., of Dunedin, an excellent 

co2cction of frozen poultq- and rabbits ; Nelson Brds. (Limited), Tornoam, Hawh's 

Ba?, Wanganui Freezing Compan$, Tait and Co. (Westland), and Cheviot Canning 

Company, preserved meats. Pdeularl~ atractive were the three fine stands of h e d 

meats from Wellington, Hawke's Ehy, and Wanganui, covering almost everything 

that can be profitably and palatab1;r put up in tins, from good solid pork and beef. 

prepared for sea use and for expo* to savov meats and meat-extracts of the daintiest 

hds. From Southland and Central Otago then! were eshibits of tinned rabbits, &e. 

The canned-fish indmtq---a bneiness eapablc of p t expamioa in New Zealand-. 

was represented only by some tinned mullet irnd timed tohema (a large clam found 

m thc West Coast beaches near Iiaipam), the former from thc h'ew Zealand Canning 

Campany, and the latter from the Toheroa Cannine; Company, both of Aucliland ; and 

timed wxtebait from G. W+ of Westport and HoJiitilrs. 

In the dairy-produce section the principal exhibitors were :--Cheese : The Waitohi 

Co-operative Dairy F~torf (Limited) ; J. K Sa3elb~ (stilton ch-) ; Ok's Ba;r 

Dai~ Facto~ Compan~, Bsnks Penid ; Wainui Dairy Factory Company, A h ; 

Little Akaloa Dairy Factory Company ; Barq's Bay Dairy Facto~ Company, B)rsros ; 

German Bay Dairy Factoq Company, Akama ; South Csnterbq Daj. Company ; 

and the Rongokokako 00-operstive Cheese Factory of Eketahuna. Bitter : Tai Tap

Dairy Company (Limited); Sefton Dairy Company (Limited) ; Canterburp Dairy 

Company ; and the Canterbury Central Co-operative Dairy Compan~ (Limited). Maat 

of these e-hibits were shown in the Canterburp provincial sections. 

Other exhibits of food-products inoluded those of thc Gerstena Foods hda~turing 

Company of Woo'ston, porridge-meal, infants' and inva!idsY food, he. ; the 

Christehnreh Sanitarium, of Papanni, health foods of various kinds ; D. T. McIlrap, 

of Gore, Southland, Garton oats ; the New Zealand Provision and Prcduce Company, 

of Christchurch, -a general food-display ; J. Nathan and Co., of Wellington, potted 

meats, " Dchnce " dried milks, and various table delicacies ; the Calonial Sugar 

Fkhing Company, of Auclrland, samples of refined sugar, golden syrup, trescle, white 

spirit, and rum made from the raw sugar imported from Fiji ; J. S. Levesque, of Birkdale, 

Buckland, canned fruits; Kirkpatrick and Co., of Nelson, jams, preserves, 

bottled fits, pickles, jellies, dcc. ; J. H. Hinton and Co., of South Dunedin, jams and 

preserved fruits : A. Ward, Kohukohu, Hokianga, evaporated apples. A South Australian 

exhibit, in addition to those included in the South Australian Government Cod, 

was that of Hardy and Sons, of Adelaide, who sent a fine collection of their dried fruits, 

almonds, raisins, currant+, and olive-oil. The other eshibitors of South Australian 

olive-oil were W. P. Auld and Son, F. W. Giies, and G. F. Cleland. 

Exhibits of milling products of various kinds were shown by a number of Grms 

apart from the displays made in the provincial courts. Flou, oatmeal, and other manufactures 

were sent in by D. H. Brown and Sons, of Christchurch ; Wood Bros., of CWchurch 

; Ireland and Co., of Oamaru ; the Timaru Millir.g Company ; Eeming aid 

Co., of Invercargill ; Geo. Trapnell, of Nelson ; J. Mot and Co. ; and the Southein 

Cross Biuit Company, Wanganui. Klbg-products other than flour were shown 

by Langdown and Son. of Christchurch ; se!f-raising flour, baking-pon-der, kc., by 

T. G. Edmonds. of Christthurch. 

Biscuits and confectioncrr, cocoa and chocolate, were largely represented both by 

loeallp manufactured exhibits and by imported goods. The New-Zealand-made biscuits 

-formed almost the whole of the !ines of biscuits exhibited, and were of particularly good 

quality in the opinion of the judges, and a!so of the members of the cornnuttee of the 

Canterbury Industrial ,Association, who made a genera! tour of the New Zealand exhibits 

in pursuance of the association's determination to educate public opinion in the direction 

of purchasing !ma1 manufactures in preference to imported. The principal Xew Zeland 

firms which shoxvd exhibits of biscuits and confectionery for co~upetition wen: 

,111lsebrook and Co., of Christchmh, and the Southern Cross Biscuit and Confectionery 

Co~upan~ of Wallganui. Both these firms made attractive and coluprehe~lsive displa~~ 

of the goods turned out from their factories, and so largely used throughout New Zealand. 

Th2 biscuit- and confectionery-making business in New Zealand is of considerable 

importance, for at last returns there were 587 hands employed in the biscuitfactories 

of the co!ouy, and the total output from these establishments was valued at 

E25,476. The imported goods exhibited in this class included Cailler's ~ilh--chocolate. 

Bahia cocoa, Bzdorp's cocoa and chocolat.r? confectionery ; biscuits, chocolates. dcc.; 

from the Yellin's Food Company, London ; Van Houten's celebrated cocoa and chncolate 

; Carson's chocolate and confectionery ; Nestle's milks, cocoas, and chocolates ; 

and lollies from Barker and Dobson, Nowatt and Xuir, and others. 

Several hns sent samp!rs of their condiments, sautes, kc. The Sew Zealand 

exhibitors were thc Primley Caming Company, Hawke's Bay ; Chrystall and Co., of 

Christehurch ; Gregg and Co.. of Dunedin ; Hapward Bras. and Co., of Christchurch ; 

Hamilton and Guy, of Paherston North; Whitlock and Sons, Wangmui ; and S. 

Kirkpatrick and Co., Xelsoa 'J%m hms sent in excellent specimens of their xuanufactures 

in the form of pickles, sauces, vinegar, baking-powder, &c. Amongst- the 

English exhibitors were Mellor and Co., manufacturers of " Mellor's Sauce," .and Brand

and Co. Two of the exhibiting hns in this class were from India-Chetty and Sons, of 

Ildadras, and C. E Turner and Co., of Bombay. 

Honey, of excellent qualitp, put up in tins and in glasa, besides comb-honey in 

sections, was eshibited by C k p t d l and Co. and the New Zealand Farmers' Stores, 

Cluistchnreh; Colonel C. S. Bailey, Tim- ; C. Shearer and C. E. Savage, Auckland 

; L. Hutchinson, Waikato ; the Mewee Mission, Hawke's Bay; W. 0. Taylor, 

Hastinga, Hawke's Bay ; and MIS. Darand, South Canterbum. 

A dozen New Zealand and foreign fhw had exhibits of t& and coffee. The Eastern 

Tea Companp, through their Christehnreh agents, Fletcher, Humphrep, and Co., displayed 

samples of their Indian, China, and Ceylon teas. Lipton's celebrated Ceylon teas 

were shown by K. H. Simms and Sons, of fhist~huroh. Another Ceylon firm, Careon 

and Co., of Colombo, was represented by samples of tea exhibited by & E. Fleming. 

Nelson, Moate, and Co., of Wehghn, had a displa~ of their blended Ceylon and Indian 

teas; and Maling and Co., of Christchareh, sent samples of their stocks of teas. An 

interesting exhibit in this class aas made by Ridley and Son, of W h m h , who 

showed samples of two hundrd Farieties of tea, including New-hland-grown teas. 

From the establishment. of the Salvation arm^, Burke Street, Melbourne, came samples 

of teas, blended and sold by the Army. Captain Robbie, of Fiji, showed tea grown 

- 

on his estate. 

In coffees and chic- the exhibiting firms mre W. Gregg and Go., of Dunedin ; 

Kirkpatrick and Co., of Nelson ; Fletcher, Humphrep, and Co., of Christchmh ; D. 

Strang and Co., Invercargill ; T. J. GRIT and Co., Wanganui ; Ridley and Son. W. J. 

Evens, and Hrunphrey and Inchboard, of Fiji, sent samples of Fiji-grown coffee-beans. 

Several of the above-mentioned firms also exhibited spices. pepper, and mustard. 

Sixteen large brewing firms, Kew Zealand and fomign, sent samples of their beers, 

ales, and stouts, kc. Uost of these were Kew Zealand hm. some of which showed 

that ther highly appreciated the great value of the Exhibition as an advertising medium ; 

their hug? trophies of bottled beers and ales were tantalising to many a passing t- 

soul. Speight and Co., of Dunedin, had perhaps the most conspicuous exhibit of any 

--a replica of a huge barrel-like brcweryvat furnished with a door, through which 

favoured visitors now and then disappeared on some m~terious mission. Hancock 

and Co., of Aucklalld, made a fine display of their beers in bulk and bottle ; hIanning 

and Co.. of Christthurch, showed ales and stouts in bulk and bottle ; Staples and Co.. 

of Welli~q$on, exhibited samples of their ales, stout, and malt ; Ward and Co., of Christchurch 

; Strachan and Co., of Dunedin ; R. Shand and Co., of Oamaru ; and S. Monteith, 

displayed hi bottle-form their ales and stouts ; and a West Coast brewer, J. Davies, 

of Hokitika, sent a bulk sample of his ales. Another prominent exhibitor was J. Mandl. 

Of imported liquors: shown there were Bass's ale and Guinuess's stout, and various other 

English bottled ales and stouts ; and from Germany came samples of Beck and Co.'s. 

pikinsr and lager-beer. 

Wines and spirits formed an important feature in the Exhibition. In addition 

to the exhibits of-~ew Zealand wines Lade in the various provincial conrts there were 

twene-seven exhibiting firms from different parts of the world, representing manufacturers 

in Australia, Canada, United States, Great Britain and Ireland, France, and 

Holland. The principal Commonwealth exhibits were from South Anstralia; them 

are referred to elsewhere, in the description of the South Austrslian Court. The Auldana 

Company (Limited) made a separate disphr of wines. New Zealand importers of 

Austdan wines who made separate exhibits wen! Fletcher, Humphrcys, and Co., of 

Christehuroh ; and Grierson and Davis, of Cluhtchnrch. There was also an exhibit 

of Australian - made brandy from Joshua Brothers' distiller;r at Port Melbourne, the

" Boomerang " brand. The principal French firms cshibiting were Boutellean and 

Co., who showed brandy in bulk and case ; Schmder, Schylert, and Co., of Bordeaux, 

who showed samplcs of their wines, clarets, itc. ; and Xarie, Brizard and Ibger, 

brandies, liqueurs, and bordeaux. From the Setherlands DisiSerp Company came 

samples of Geneva, pure hollands, and o!d Geneva gin. Oronoz, Borbolla, and Co., 

a Spanish ihn, sent an exhibit of wines and brandy; and from the West Indies 

them was J. M. Feniars's rum, bitters, dce. In whisky, the Scottish firms exhibiting 

were John Begg (Limited) ; the Craigellachie Glenlivet Distillery Company, Glssgow ; 

the Dist3lers Company of Edinburgh ; Greenlea Bros., G!asgow ; A. and B. Mmkap 

(Limited), of Glasgow i Whytc, Bkkay (Limited), of Glasgow ; Jditchcll Bm., G!asgow ; 

Teacher and Sons, Ghgow ; Peter Damn, of Ddtown, Glasgow ; and R. H. Thomson 

and Co., Leith. J. Jamiemn and Son, of Dublin, were represented by a case of Irish 

whisb'p. Lyons and Co., of London, exhibited Throgmorton whisky in bulk and case, 

and J. Walker and Sons, London, showed Kilmarnock whisb'p. 

The New Zealand hm who showed exhibits of the above and other imported wines 

and spirits mere Hancock +nd Co., Auckland ; F. Cross and Sons. J. Shand and Co., 

and Grierson and Davis, of Christchurch ; and Pow!ey and Keast, Dunedin. 

In the subclass cordials, ac~ted mates, &., over twenty Xew Zealand manahturers 

and several foreign firms exhibited. The exhibitors of locally made serated waters 

and eordiah included Chrystal and Co. ; Hamilton and Guy, Paherston Xo~h ; Whitlock 

and Sons, Wanganui ; Ballin Bros., Hayward Bros.. M. O'Rourke, Sharpe Bros., 

and EL &e and Co., of Chriatchnrch ; Lane and Co., of Dunedin ; Thomson and Co., 

Duncdin ; Phoenix Aerated Waters Company, Wellington ; Mrs. Dawson ; R Wdliams 

and Co. ; and A. E. Kemp, of Gore. & P. Tennant, Auckland, sent an exhibit 

of Te Liroha mineral waters. New-Zcaland-made cider, a summer beverage growing 

in favour, was exhibited bp Fletcher, Humphreys. and Co.. of C'hristchurch, and Robert 

Cleave, of hlvercargill. A Newcomb and CQ., of Aucklandt showed general sundries 

for mineral-\rater trades* and ?dm. G. Ward, of Christchurch sent samples of sarsapariEa. 

The outside exhibitors included the ApoUinaris Company, of London, and Ross and 

Sons, manufacturers of ginger-ale, kc.. Belfast. Mrs. W. Warr. Jdrs. Hibbard, and 

Mrs. Darand and others sent samples of home-made wines. 

ToBAcm. 

k tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes there were attractive exhibits from various pnrts 

of the world. including sonic from the &st of Havana and Manila firnw. H. E. Partridge 

and Co., of Aucbnd, representatives of Cifuentes. Fernandee, and Co., had an 

exhibit of Havana and Xada cigars : Xamhg and Co.. of Christchurch, exhibited 

cigarettes of various kinds, and Shand and Co., of Christchureh, ~igars, kc. Fmm the 

Ardath Tobacco Compa~~p, of Londo% came sampIes of tobacco, kc. Other overseas 

h s reprcsentcd trem La Ycbana Cigar Company : Gallaher and Co.. Lolldoll ; Taddy 

and Co., London ; Abdulla and Co. ; L. WOE of Hamburg ; and H. Upmaxu a d 

CQ., Havana. Sigall and Co., of Wellington, had an i~ltzrcsting business exhibit of handmade-cigarctts 

manufacturing. Gorr and Co., of Wa~lganui, showed New-Zcalandmade 

cigars. Samples of Transvaal Boer tobacco \\-ere sent by a South Africa fmm, 

H. -ley and Sons, of Krugersdorp. 

AGBI~W Jdacmm~n. 

Agricultural implements formed an important class in the Machinery Section of 

the Exhibition and in other parts of the Maim Building, aud the locally manufactured 

article compared exceedingly well with the imported machin- for solid workmanship 

and attractire Gnish The collection of agricdtursl implements of New Zealand make. 

though small, was an excellent one in point of qualiv. The ordinary ploughs and

disc ploughs, drills, cultivators, chaff-cutters and seedeleaners &om were of splendid 

-lie, and in these lines it was evident that Xew Zealand can turn out the best of work, 

and work that her fanners ought to patronise wherever possible in preference to the 

imported article. The ploughs in particular bore the clogest inspection ; the^ were 

made to work md to last. 

A spring-tooth cultivator luadc by a Chtistchureh fim (P. and D. hcau) was 

declared by an overseas visitor wcll versed in agricultural matters to be a magdicent 

implemcnt. This firm showed various En& of agricultural implements and farm 

mmhine~. Reid and Gra~, of Duncdin, one of the oldest farm and agricultural impleluc~lt 

makers in Ncw Zecrland, sent specinlens of the fine work in genera! farm machiliturned 

out by them, including a plough and harrow, double ridge.r, adticator. and ,pain 

drill. Andrew and Beaven, of Christ~hurch, sent chaff-cutters, a corn-crusher, and 

seed and grain cleaners and other faran requisites. T. H. Caverw of Christchurch, 

showed cshibits of shearing-machinq. Alex. Stome (Limited), of Inrereargill. sent a 

patent double-breast ridgcr, a patent disc double-ridger, and a model n%ldmilL Pomeroy 

and Sons, of Invercargill, showed a sheep-shearing patent, to regulate the cut and 

prevent crossing of blades ; this firm also shomd a branding-webinc for cattle and 

sheep. Guinness and Lc Cren, of Waimate, South Canterbq, sent samples of Aspii- 

\vBU potato-machinery, incluc!ing a potato-spraper and a sorter and cutter. Another 

patent of value to potato-growers n-as a recently invented potato-digger. by Jcs. Vorbach, 

of Renichco~w~ Marlborough : for this digger it mat. clain~ed that it did not cut 

or bruise thc tubers. The saillc exhibitor she\\-cd rr patent of his oxvl-rl in the fornl of at 

in-rlprovcd attachnte~it fur duples stocks and dies, n-hich prel-cnted thc dim slipping 

\s-hc~l wicre~vi~lg bdts or pipcb. \l-ickcs Linlitrd. of Grr?lnouth. and L. 0. Hookcr, uf 

%\\.era. ro~itributed exhibits of i1aub;rtonr. brooders, alid other podtr\--raising rcquisitm. 

Thc H!-draulic Hand-nlilkcr Co)n~pan!; of WC%~#OIL tiho\\-ed a non-suctioil 

nii~g-niachinc- Auother dahyn~a~is pateut was s patent ndk-aerator aid ercamcoo!er. 

shown by R. Stevens, of Christehurch. Xbcrt S~N-coinb and ('0.. d Auc*h~d 

al~d Chrititchurch. made a ~uisccllaneous dip* of fi~~ners' and pou:try-breccim' 

rrcluisitcs. i~lc!udinp household rhurns. incubators, and poultry appliallccs. ad sltecpclip. 

F. Hnttcricli of ash bur to^^ sent nu eshibit showi~tg certain iniprox*cnle~its i thc 

cntblg mecb~lisni of reapers-and-bildcrs. Natioil. Stmthcrs. ruld C'o.. of Christrhurch. 

sho\vcd both Icw.a!l~* nladc and in~ported machinery. of 11-hich a spcrirl feature \\-as a 

dih$~?- of s~ptrators. dairy engines ad boilers. ppulps. pzstruriarrs. coo11crs. ndktesters. 

~h~uns. mid other crean-rlcn- and drin- apparatus: Htmth. lIeI)o~lald. ad Co.. of Christchwh. shon-ed geiieral agricultuuiil machinen- : and E. Rccec and Solis, 

orchard spry-pumps mld lawn-nlowers. 

,h interesting feature to woo!-growers \\-a* the working exhibit of the n-olseley 

sheep-tiheari~lg machine, sent b?- h\in and Co.. of KelIinfion. L)onr!d and hiu, of 

JIastcrton. showed s wool-press. W. Cablc and Co., of I(\'efi~igto~~ exhibited a flaxstripper 

nlrdr in their war&. 

111 inlported mwhi~iq for the use of the fanucr, the orchardist. and others w\-ho' 

gain their livilq from the land, sprv pumps for use in orchards were sho\m b!- the 

D. Bean Spray Pmp Compan-, of San Jo&, California : chaff-cutters. corn-crushers, 

kc., bj- Bentall and Co.. an English firm ; horticultural requisites b- Gutton and Co., 

England; creanl-separators and churns by the Crown Sparator C'onompany, of Stocliholin, 

Sw-den; pod* incubators and brooders by Patterson, Slack, and Co., of 

Christchmh, as agents for a Sydne~ firm; a model patent ,pbbing-machine and 

stump-puller b;r J. R Robertson, of Sydney: a stump-jump plough by the Xeadowbanh- 

Company? New huth Kales; American ha-0 machinery-reapers-andbind-, 

mowers, &c.-by the 8. A. Wood Cornpan?, of Hoosick Falls, Xew York, and 

other American hs.

E Y G ~ ~ IBONFO~ING, 

c , ETC. 

Under the heading " Engineers and Ironfoundens" there were eshibita by over 

thirty firms. Some of these have already been referred to in the section dealing with 

the agricultural machinery. Most of the large New Zealand engineering firms showed 

specimens of machinery and engineering-work that attested to their up-to-date character, 

and to the general excellence of their workshop appbces. dndersons Limited, 

the large Chriatchurch engineering firm (which hae been inbasted by the Government 

with such important work as the construction of the great viaduct over the Makatotc, 

on the North Island Main Tranlr Railway line), fitted up a large exhibit of machinerp 

manufacu . . in their works, including some engines, boilers, shafting, h., for powertrsnsrmsslon, 

oil-engines, and other machinery. W. Cabable and Co., of Wellington, another 

large engineexing firm, made an exhibit of machinery and of various castings, dcc., 

turned out from their works. Allan and McCullough, of the Thames, New Zealand, 

showed a patent gold-saving machine manufactured in their works. Scott Bm. (Limited), 

of Chdstchurch, sent an *bit of local!y made ranges, rnachine~, and electrical appliances 

of various kinds: A x-ery important display in engineering and iron-foundry 

work was that made by the Government Railway Department ; this has been described 

elsewhere in this book. Lucas and Richark of St. dlbana, Christchurch, made an exhibit 

of general engineering-work ; Lncas Bros. and Co., of Christehnnth, showed r complete 

butchers' plant, a hand brick-and-tile-making machine, builders' fittings, omamental 

fittings, castings, and brassworli, h. Another important engineering exhibit 

was that made by J. J. Niven and Co., who have hrge workshops at Xapier, and who 

e-xhibiited steam, gas, and oil engines. pump and fans, refrigeratiug machine- and 

engineers' supplies. Amongst the importing firm exhibiting machinery and engineeringwork 

of various kinds were Noman Heath and Co., of Wellington. who showed septictank 

fittings and a stcel self-contained septic tank, a steam motor-wvagon, and " Airex " 

motor-car, &c. ; Chambers and Son, of ducliland, " Tailgye's " ge11era1 nlachinery, 

dynamos, &c. ; E. W. Mills and Co.. of Wellingtor~ gas-producer plant. gas and oil 

engines, and woodworking machinev : D. Xeld, of Wellington. patent pulsating stesm 

p~ps, kc. ; E. h e and Sons Christchurch. engineering tools and requisites of many 

hnds ; Richardson and Blair, of Wekgton. gzneral machinery and Kitsnn lighting 

apparatus (this firm also had an oil-launch on view on the Kctoria Lakelet). Ryan 

and Co., Aucliland. shod oil-eqinerr and other machinery ; 7V. Woad and Co., of Christchurch, 

large traction-eug;l~e and other machinery ; Booth &Donald, and Co., of Christchurch, 

nil-engines and chemical ikwaghes ; L. C. Knight and Co., of Christchurch, 

patent Iremw~~e-oil engines. Amongst the various English firms represented were Bamford 

and Son, bter, who showed grinding-mills and combined grinding and crushing 

machines ; Blachne and Co.. of Stamford, England, kerosene-oil engincs, and portable, 

and pumping engilles ; the Calnpbell Gas Etlgiue Company, of Halifax, ,w-engine 

and plant, and planing, sawing, and other luachii~ery ; the CIeveland Bridge Engineering 

Company, of Darlingtou, England. which hss bee11 engaged in unportant bridge-construction 

work iu Staircase Gully, on the Xdland Railway, New Zedand, and which 

exhibited pictures of the various great bridges which its engineers have co~cted, 

including an oil paiuting of the colosss! Victoria F& Bridge over the mesi River, in 

Rhodesia ; Crossley Bros., Xanchester, gas-engines. gas-producer plant. and oil-engines ; 

Kirchner and Co., of London, sawmilling and general woo

iveter; and a Danish firm, Levin, Axel, and Go., of Copenhagen, whose specialQ 

\nrs shoe-machinery. . . 

Maohine-belting and sundry other requisites in connection with power-transnusslon 

in workshops and factories were shown by Booth and Budd, of Wellington ; D. Nield, 

of Wellington ; and also by several outside firms. 

is - Printing-machines were shown by the tMstchnn:h Press Company and Gordon 

and Gotch. Hall and Co. showed freezing-machinery. 

Mr. John Hayes exhibited a ventilating-fan for coal-mines. 

In the important department of electrical engine, now of immense value to the 

ind@ world, there were a considerable number of exhibits of an interesting character. 

Scott Bros. (Limited), the Ckhteh~~~ch engineering firm, made a good display of the 

electrical appliances used in their works. It was this h that fiunished the Exhibition 

buildings with electric light. Tnrnbull and Jones (Limited), another New Zealand 

firm, showed electrical-machiner appliances and accessories of various kinds ; L. C. 

Knight also showed electrical-engineering accessories ; A R. Qaddocli, of Christchurch, 

had an electric-light plant on view, besides general exhibits of electrical material ; and 

E J. Cunnington, of the same ci*, had fitted up an electric-!ight plant driven b petrol ; 

a Sydne~ exhibitor, J. R. Robertson, sent a number of electrical nove!ties, automatic 

switches and flashes for illuminated signs. Two English h s were represented-Bullers 

Limited, of Tipton, Stafiordshire, who showed telephone-fittings, insulators of all kinds, 

and electric-light fittings ; and the Electric and Ordnance Accessories Company (Limited), 

of Birmingham, whose specialties were short-distance telephones, besides electrical 

requisites of various kinds. 

In this motoring and c?.eling age the dipla?- of motor-cars, motor-rycles, and other 

means of rapid locomotion, as would naturally be expected, was !arpe and of wide range, 

snd included specimens of all the best modern makes. The exhibitors of motor-cars 

were : Dexter and Croier, of Aurliland ; the Ranger Motor and Csle Company, of 

Auckland and Christchurch; the A h s Star Cycle Campan?; of Christehurrh and 

Kellington ; Humber (Limited) ; Swift Company (Limited) ; Clemcilt Talbot (Limited) ; 

Enema Motors (Limited) : J. Lucss (Limited) : Cyde and Motors Supplies (Limited) ; 

and Jones and Sons, Hastinp ; the Scott Motor and @c!e Cornpans of Wellington ; 

Turnbull and Jones, of Wcllingt~~, Christehmch, and Dnnedin ; Alldays and Onions's 

Plleumatic Engineering Campan?-, of B i h a m ; aud the Airex Motor-manufacturing 

Cornpan?. Bic'cles. motor - c~cles. motor - tires, and various acressories for thew 

machines were show by some of these furus, and a h b?* Re?uolds and Co., of wellingtoil 

and Christchurch ; &yes and Langdonn, of Christchurch ; H. k Smith, of Bdhgton 

; and the Birmingham Small-arms Co~npany. 

In sewing-machints the principal displa?- was an excellent \vorliing exhibit fitted 

up by the Singers Manufacturi11g Companyy showing a grcat variet?- of machines. Sewing-machines 

of various kinds were also shorn1 by Donald and Sons, of Masterton ; Lochhead 

(Limited), of Christehurch : and &son and Co., of Christchurch. Perambulators 

and go-carts were exhibited by J. Clegg. of Christchurch, and by Lochhead (Limited). 

h'umerous New Zealand and foreign firnzs were rcpreaentcd in the general and light 

machinery and ironmongc~ section. The h'ea Zcaland firms e-xhibiting included 

Donald and Sons, of Masterton, who sbowcd lifting-jacks, wire-strainers, and a variety 

of other appliances required in the work of the farm and bush ; hddocli, Om, and 

Ca., Christchmh, who showed labour-saving machines and machine tools of various 

kinds ; B. H. Brown, New Pl;~mouth, reversible valve gear : Brimley and Co., Dunedin ; 

S. Luke and Co., Wellington; and H. E. Shaek!ork, Dnnedin, cooking-ranges : Ellis 

and Co., of Auckland, soda-water machinery, dce. ; Kneffgtnbb Bros., of Port Chaln1ers, 

2-h.p. Mitchan engine and motor pleasure-bt ; the New Zealand Farmers' Co-operati~e 

hiation of Canterbury, a display of general hardware and furnishing ironmongev ;

E. H. Smith, Otawha, Hawkei Bay, a patent wire-strainer known as "King Dick," 

and patent tools, spanners, braces, and gooeebeq-pice ; Ashby Bergh and Co., of 

Chrktehmh, gaeral hardware ; Mason, Stmthers, and Co., of Christchurch, hardware, 

hob, plated rare, grates and tiles, bicycles, garden-tools, and a variety of other English 

and American goods ; E. Reec~ and Son, of ckkt~hurch, refrigerators, engineers' tools ; 

E H. Seaton, Polar water-motors ; H J. Weeks (Limited), light machinery for officc 

use ; Bradley Bras., " Little Wonder " pumping plant ; F. Lucas, machine for making 

paper tubes for cigarettes from a coil of paper ; G. T. Smith, Dannevirke, cheesecutters 

and delivery boxes; Morgan and Co., of Dannevirkc, milk-cans; J. Eiathan 

and Co, patent filling machine; Priest and Holdgate, South Canterbury, tinware ; 

Taylor and Wey, Christch---\ galvanised em-' L?llovr- ware "-"-a --" Sou, 

Daunevirke, ummiental ~cili~lgs ; BloeIrle~ and Lewillgtoiq Palll~era%oli Kt~rth, ink- proved ventilator and chnc~-pot ; Balhger Bra.. patent sk~lights ; W. Cook aild 

Co. (Limited), and Pcnders, horse-shoes. Typewriters and accessories n-crc shown by 

a number of firms, including the Nen- Zcaland TpPrritem Supplies Compau~ ; Ycrcx. 

Barker, and &day (Limited) ; and Dodd and Sons. Farious En8lish finns (of 

Sheffield, Biigham, and elsewhere) sent samples of their anviis and vises. bras 

and iron bedsteads, patent locks for doors and safes, artism' and engineers' ~ l s , 

cutlery, &o. 

FURNITURE, ETC. 

The exhiiits of New-Zealand-made fimi-tables, chairs, couches, sideboards, 

and a great variety of other indoor fmdhgs-were considered b~ expert. jadgcs 

highly creditable to the woodworkers of the colony, and fdy equal to the best that

298 OFFICW BECOBD 

could be impnrtcd from other countries. Thc judge of fur~liturc at the Exhibition 

madc the remark that he had had considerable experience with various kinds of 

furniture in the O!d Corntry. and he said without hesitation that the furniture of the 

\\linller of the highest awards, Xessrs. Strange and Co.. of Christchurch, could ho!d 

its own with the best class of work produced in England. "The locally made - 

furniture," he said, -' is excellent ; for worlcmambip, design, finish, and general arrangement 

the local makers deserve the highest credit." Indeed, the beautiful display 

uf drawing-room. dining-morn, and bIll,d.room furniture in oak, mahogany, and other 

stylcu, madc by Strange and Co., extending along a good portion of the long avenue 

on the left-hand side of the zllrrin entrance, attracted much more than passing inted. 

It shod high possibiitiea in &tic-furniture making and artistic folmishing. These 

and other displa? in the same class must havc doue sonlething, one imagines, to 

encourage the use of better and mom begntifuI furniture in every part of the house. 

The Dit Importing Company made a display which wss considered by the judge 

vcry tasteful ; it was largely composed of imported gnods. A J. White a!so made a 

good display of furniture, part locally manufactured and part imported. H. Atkinson, 

of Christchurch, sent an exhibit of well-Wed furniture constructed from New Zealand 

woods ; cvery stage was ahown, from the tree to the finished article. Tho Auckland 

Veneer and Timber Company, of Onehnnga, ahowed exccedingl? beautiful £urnitarepanels, 

fancy timbers, beaides doors, &c. Other exhibitors of furniture made in New 

&ahd were A. Goslett and Co. ; Char1a Johnson, of Ha\vera; C. and R Light, 

Shapland and Pctter, and 5. Nathan, of Chtchurch ; and many others. The whole 

display of locally made furniturc certaink went to show that Xew ZeaIand has not only 

the best of material for good solid as \\-ell as omnental furniture making, but also has 

the workers who can tun1 that nlaterial to the best account. As the judge of this class of 

ashibit put it, " pcoplc who want better furrutwc than is sho\\w here or indicated thcrc 

must be very hard to p!case." 

Billiard-tables and accessories ncrc shown b?- se\-era1 funu, illcludi~lg the celebr~tcd 

mamfacturers. &cork and Cu.. and also Hein)tl and Snlith, of Sydney ; Wright, 

RmJ1Jllh and Co.. of \Vc%n@on; and Lutjohann and to.. of Christchurch. The last- 

~mmed firm shod several tables ; onc of thaw, full s&, was nlost beautifully inlaid 

with mmquctq of oruamental Ncw Zedand a-oods, and was an excellent example 01 

the successful osc of Ncw Zealand's rich!? decorative ~mtix-e timbers ; two of Lutjohann's 

tables were crrc&lg:_v handsome spccimcns of h~di~rork. made of Tasmanian black- 

\\-ood. 

III decorating and staiued-glass work then, were about a score of exhibiting hw, 

covering ever?. department of house-decoration, ornamental ceilings and windows, 

tmnlamelltd roofing designs, and the general bcautifjing of buildings, from dwellingho~lscs 

to halls and churchca and other structures in which decorative art is of the first 

ialpt~rta~lec. Onc of the finest exhibits in this class was that of the Carram Ceiling 

Conlpanj- (Limited). \vhirh had a beautiful little roo111 near the eastern side of the main 

entra~lc:~ do~~e in pure white stuccotin, the material used on the front of the Ehibition 

Bui!diug. The cei:ilqj was an eye-delighting piece of work in plastic art. Ceilingdesigns 

of allothcr kind wen, shown b- the Wunderlich Patent Ceiling and Rooling 

Cnnlpany, of Sydney. which showed c-,nnlp!cs of stalped-stcel ceilings, besides cornices, 

friezes, dadm panel!i~lg. and a variee of -0mnlenta1 moftng-designs. Bradley Bra, 

of Christrhurch. she\\-ed some artistic work in the fom of interior decorating and 

stained glass ; Slllith and Smith (Limited), of Christchurch. Wellington, and Dunedin. 

exhibited handsome pattcms of stained-glass windows. an ecclesiastical design, and 

one suitable for use in a d-~veUinghoase ; Kayll and Co., of heda, En#!& sent a beautiful 

stained-glass window. Other exhibitors in this chss incIuded Duggan and Sons, 

of Christchurch, house-decorations; Willism Har!ad and Sons, panels showing wr-

SE\\* ZEAW?) ESHIBITIOK. 

11ishm and colours for house-decorating and carriaga-painting ; Impep and Mi!mll, of 

,~ucbd, embossed glass plate ; Needham and Ross, New Zedand Asbestos, Rubber. 

a d Oil Company, of Welhgton, mhg-felts, insulating-paper, and genera! buildingnlateria!, 

steel ceilings, stave-polish, asbestas and rubber goods ; the Parafie Paint 

Company of 6an Francisco, gravel roofing, budding-paper, preservative paint4 malthoid 

roofing, &c. ; the Standard Paint Company of Sew Tork, ruberoid roofing, paints tr. : 

H. H. Scaton, of Wellington, a collection of g!ass and electro-plate ware, glasx al~il 

metal engravings, &r.. and A. J. Zcch and Co., of Sydney, slid Carl Schaplw!, of 

Hungq-, beautifu! collections of decorative Bohemian glass and fignrcs. 

Carpets and holcums of a variee of makes and patterns, attractive to the housefurnisher's 

eye, wee exhibit4 by W. Strange and &., A. J. White, of Christehmh ; 

Norton and Sons; Thomas Bond; Worth and Co. ; Barq-, Ostcre, and Shepherd ; 

and the Paraffi~e Paint Co~npany. 

A variee of household requisites was shoa-n by several rdonial and Eng5sh fin]]*, 

iilcluding a patent plate-powder by Newcomb and &., of Auclrland ; tiled ware by 

G. \I.'. Bennett, of Christchurch, and Bidwell and Go., of Asminster; broonls and brushn-arz 

by Bunting and Co., of Christchurch ; the Kapai Corn-broom Company ; a patent 

floor-cleaner by C. Whitfield. of Christchurch. 

General exhibits of plumbii-work and plumbers' fittings were made by Bradcy 

Bros., Taylor and Oakley, d Christchurr.h : BaYingcr Bros., of We!!illgtoll: C'ra11~ 

and Sn~ls. and others. 

ART POT~ERS, ETC. 

111 art pottcry, vhina. and carthenware thew were xime partir~~lar!?- bi~autjfu! &Ap!a?-s, 

setting quite a new- bh~ldard to Nctv 7kaIand people in high-class art potten-. 

Finest of all w-as the splendid collection of Dodton ware. i~wl&q man!- vasca and IM\\-\~ 

of bea~~titu!~pattcnl; mnlc of thesc, masterpieces of the desiglcr's and potter's aria. \\-ere 

priced as hgh as £XW each. J. Bates and C'o.. of Christrhurch, who eshibitd thw 

beautiful importations, also sent a wide range of onunlental and useful china rlld 

cartheawarc from other English worEs, including a dainty collection of Royal \vorceh*r 

china, onmme~lta! objects, and pinlclls of diiler, tea, and dcscrt sen-ices. The11 

there were exhibits by Made and Co. of art potte~ from Staffordshire, ronlprisillg 

vases. palm-bowls. drc. ; " Brctby " ware fmm Tnoth mid GO.. of Wood\ille. England ; 

a c-o!lcction of " Stode " a11d Cnpcland " ~ion-grazh~g china aud earthelmn-me : a disp:a?- 

of " C~u:ilo11 ware in great varict> both decorative and usefu!, fro111 thc Nddlcport 

Pottery. Burslcln, England. A very beautiful collection of Wedpood china show11 

was Illiported b~ -%. J. Mlite. of Christchurch. Edward Reer.c and Sons, of Christchurch. 

sent a collection of art statuary from the n-orh of F. Goldscheider. of Kemm. Snnlc 

Barnstaple ware \\-as salt by W. L. Bamn, aid art pottery h?- \I-i!!ianl Auk. 

In pvttery alld clay-\d mu fact^ including drainpipes, bricks, ti!=, c.crncnl~t, 

and general pottery-work the New- Zedand exhibitors included the large firms of J. J. 

Craig (Limited), of Aurb3and : R. 0. Clark, of AucHand ; the Drip- Caal Gonrpan?- 

(Limited), of Ancldand ; the Glenmore Brick and Tile Company; J. Deans, of Glentunnel ; 

the Southland Brick Company, and the Milburn Lime and Cement Company (Limited), 

of Dunedin ; the last-named h ahowed amongst other goods some phosphate building- 

b!ocks from Milburn, Otago. Riley and Holmes, of Wellington, sent exhibits of patent 

cement, plaster, &c. Amongst tbe exhibits of English pottery was one from Burgers 

and Leigh, a Staffordshire hm. Donlton and Co. (Limited), sent a general display of 

stoneware and tenscotta.

Under the heading " Laboratmy Accessories," the duckland Gas Company exhibited 

hlay goods of all kinds, and August Gundlach and Co., Germany, plumbago crucibles 

for smelting metals, and fireproof glasshouse clay, burnt and raw. 

JEWELLEEY. Gms, ETC. 

In the jewellerp and watch and clack department, valuable displaps of jeweEery, 

silverware, timepieces, &., wm made by Stewart Damn and Co.. Jones and Sons, 

Christchurch (who also showed examples of modelling in silver and bronze, and an 

exhibit of greenstone), Samuel Smith and Sons, of AucEand, and Fhvelle, Roberts, 

and Sankey, of Brisbane. Dennes Bros., of Auchd, had an exhibit of gold-wire 

work and jewellerp novelties that attracted considerable attention from visitors, and a 

trade display of a similar kind was made by the Chicago Jewellery Company, of Sydney. 

Other prominent exhibitors were M. Salie, gems and jewelleq; J. Round and Son. 

electro-plated knives, spoons, &.; Ogle and Leach, silver and art metalware; and 

Erwin and Go., of Birrmngham, electm-plated goods. 

A beautiful display of the native gem in which Queensland is particularly rich 

was sent by the Qucensland Government, and shown in a may bay near the left of the 

main entrance. Xr. Xoody, of Brisbane, waa intrusfed by the Government of his State 

with the custody and sale of these gems. Queensland, it is said. psseses a greater 

variety of gems than any other comm in the world, and she is becoming partidm1p 

famous for her opa!s. some of which are the finest gems of that kind obtained in any 

part of the globe. The stones sent to the Exhibition included opals of various kinds, 

sapphires, topaz. olivhc, totmna!ine., amethysts, rubies, garnets. and other stones, 

besides the pearls for which the warm seas .around the North Queensland coast am 

famous. The opals were spccidy selected by the Queensland Government Geologist 

from the Geological Xuscum in Brisbane, and were truly m-cent stones. One 

packet consisted of three beautiful blue pin-fire opais, averaging at least seven.carats 

each ; in another there were three blue-flash opals of wvondcrfnl bril!iancy; others 

u~cluded blue and rich harleqniu opals of large size and e~~cceptional fk and irideswnce. 

Of llluque interest wvere the black ow4 sond-hblg entirsl~ new to New-Zcalanders ; 

they varied h rsim from &n carats to half a carat. Of these gems it was mitten 

that " they combine the iridescence of the dewdrop with the colours of the rainbow 

set in the blackness of night; they are a mothered mass of hidden fire.'' Of other 

remarkable Quecnsland briiliants shown there n-as a11 enormous yellow topaz, and there 

nras an esceedinglp brillimt pin-h opal scaliug tbty-smen carats. Rough spceimcns 

of sapphires, rubies, garnets, pearls, and topazes were shown in contrast to the polished 

specimens of the same gems. Of the lesser stones therc n-as every variety and every 

colour, that made one imaginc Queensland must bc for the geologist one great jeweller's 

shop. 

XARITIME. 

Hcrc aitl tkrc throughout thc Exhibitinn then! wrerc scattered handsomc little 

maritime c-shibits. co~wisti~lg chiefly of models of steamships, made by the various ship- 

piug companies engaged in the New Zealand trade. Therc was, too, the splendid 

naval display 111 the British Govcrnmcnt Section, but that is referred to specially in 

the description d the BritiElh Conrt. The conlpanies exhibiting in various parts of 

the &I Bu2din.g \=re the New Zedand Shipping Company, the Federal-Houlder- 

Shire Line, the Occanic Steamship Company of San Francisco, the Union Steamship 

Company of New &:and, the Huddart-Parker C~mpanp, the Northern Steamship 

Company of AucMand, and the Xorth German Lloyd. 

The New Znhd Shipping Company had fitted up a faC-sized model of a k t 

saloon cabin on one of its he passenger-steame~ with inviting-looking bunk soft

cqets, ccnrtains, lockers, and all the appurtenances of a lnsuriom state-cabin. This 

company alao excmplifiod its methods of dealing with the immense quantities of frozen 

meat and other New Zealand produce eanied in the refrigmating-chambers by means 

of a working model showing the way in which careaees of mutton, h., were discharged 

from the vessels. 

The Federal-Hdder-Shire Line of steam&ps engaged in the trade b~tween New 

Zealand and the United Kingdom had an exhibit of particularly effstive design, and 

one that attracted a good deal of attention, adjoining as it did the Main Avenue near the 

eaetern end. Besides a number of handsome models of various steamers of the a d- 

gamated corporations' fleet, including the " Bydire,'' " Dorset.," " Drayton Grange," 

and " Eldde," there were full-sized models of first- and third-dass passenger-cabk 

fitted up exactly like those on the damships. The floor-space devoted to the models 

and other exhibits was encIosed to represent the promenade-deck of a steamer. and 

life-buoys, and paintings and photographs of steamahips of the fleet decorated an exceedingly 

well-amanged little c;oart. 

The Union Steamship Company of New Zealand, the premier shipping concernin 

the Southern Hemisphere, ahowed a beautiful oohtion of models of the finest steamers 

in its fleet, now more tha~ 

sixty ~drong. The company also had fitted up a model state- 

room, an exact replies of one of the s.~. " Manuka'e " ht-class cab'ma, and it was not 

unusual to see some tired Exhibitinn-tourist resting a while in this cool curtain-shaded

etreat with its suggestions of comfortable sea-travel. The feature of the exhibit that 

attracted most attention, however, was the large table-chart, on which were shown b- 

meam of movable modeh the actual positions from day to dav of the steama of the 

companp's fleet, in whatever part of the Pacific they happened to be. The companfs 

little court was well adorned with paintings and photographs of its steamers and of . 

various interesting plseea to which they trade. 

The H~ddart~Parker Proprietary's exhibit was another eye-pleasing marine dieplay, 

" consisting of beautifully hished models of the company's steamers " Wmera," 

Riverha," and " H~geia," besides a collection of shipping photographs. The Oceanic 

Steamship Company, which until lately ran the mail-steamers between San Francisco 

and Auckland, made an appeal to visitors with its information bureau, a cosy apartment 

off thc Miti11 Cnrridor. funliuhd with sb~ller-lounges and dwk-chairs, a11d beautified 

wit11 pictures. Besides thiqe there wm steamer-pictures sent by the X~tth Gmmn 

L!oyd Conlpan?;, and a nldel of the Orient Companfs Royal Mail steanler " Omrah." 

In some of thc prowiucial courts them ware shipping exhibits, which are refd to in the cLacriptions of the various courts. The principal of these was the exhibit of 

mode's sent by the Sorthem St~mmship Company, whose fine fleet of steamers serves 

the duclr!a~ul coast from the Xorth Cape to the Bay of Plenty on the east and as far as 

Taraki on the west coast. There were several relief mod& of New Zealand harbourworks. 

One, in thc South Canterbury Court, showed the Timaru Harbour and foreshore 

; another, in Xorth Can~bnrp, depicted the Lpttelton Harbour works and the 

pmsible estc~~ions, and also the suggested ship-canal to Christehurch Ci*.

Mus~ca~ 1x8~~-m. 

A veF noticeable feature of the general display in the Exhibition was the large 

show of musics! instruments of eveq kind, from pianos and organs to brass-band instruments 

and wood wind-instruments of the latest and most beautifdlp finished Ends. 

Three large English fums exhibited in this department. besides Canadian and New 

Zealand km. Popular interest in music and musical instruments was given a great 

ku!ns by the visit of the Besses o' th' Barn Band to the Exhibition, for, as it was 

pointed out at the time, the gnaliq of the instruments used was to a very large extent 

responsible for the beaue of the music with which that famous band de!ightzd its 

liers. Boosep and Co.. the great London firm of band-instrumc~lt manufacturers, 

sent out a handsome ease of brass and other band instnunents, which wsre given a place 

in the central promenade leading to the 3hchinez-y Hall. The brass i1wtnuuent.s shown, 

a!l exceedingly handsome, ranged from the soprano cornet to the BB flat immense bass. 

In comets there were some unique designs ; some were handsomely engraved in gold 

and silver, and others were silver and gold plated in beautiful patterns. All styles of 

instruments were shon from the plain brass to the e!aboratclr p:aGd and gilded : 

some of the most beautifully finished of these instruments were heavily gi!t-plated 

all over and studded with pearls. The Besses o' thy Barn Band used a complete set of 

instruments made by this h. Boosep and Co. were the only British makers of =sophones, 

and some of these were shown, also two he spccbnzns of Highland bagpipes, 

besides drums of various kinds. Besson and Po., of London. sent a nu~ilbcr of bra% 

and wood wind-instruments. and Hawkes and 6011.. of London. made a similar display 

through their Christchnrch agents. From the E1~1ish firm of Brinsmead and SOIL^ 

come beautifull? nude pianos. ranging from horimital and upright grands to tottag 

pianos. The Xew Zealand e-xhibitors of musical instn~ments wcrc Canlcro11 ancl 

of Linwood. Christchurch. who showed sin instn~me~mts, vio!ins. 'cellos, and boks. nlanufactured 

in Christchurrh from imported timbers : W. J. Edn-ards. rolo~ual-made violinq : 

the Wicct Importing Conlpany, Ch!hristrhureh. pianos, orgalrs, and othcr ii~\b~nl~ntx ; 

the Dresdeu Piano Company. of Christchmh, pianos, orgal*& brass i~~strumc~mts, and 

musical sundries ; J. Williamson, Fei!ding a x-iolin and case ; Wlner and Thompson. 

Christchurch, pianos, organs. and other musical instruments ; W. F. Parso~l~. Lower 

Hutt. Kellington. violins and bows; Bigg and Co , lh~ledin. a large exhibit of all 

musical ii~strumeilts. From the Salvation Am- Melbourne, there was a collrctioll 

of brass i~lstnuueilts. folding organs. pianos. and other instrunlents. Of phonographs 

and gramophones there was no lack throughout the Exhibition, and one could not 

go far without hearing some automatic reproduction of a song or a band-perfonimance. 

A local exhibitor of gramopho~les, records, and talking nlaehincs was F. C. Sinith, 

Christchurch. 

PHOTOGRAPHY. 

Photograph? has attained a high level of escellellce in xew Zealand, and FOllle 

exceedingly he specimens of portraiture, landscape studies, and sea-pieces were exhibited 

by many of the principal Kew Zealand photographers. W. E Bartlctt had a 

gallc~ filled with beautiful examples of portraiture from his AucMand studio, and H. 

C. Schmidt, of the Hemus Studio, AucMand, showed a similarly attractive display of 

pictures. From R. Love's studio, AurMand, came a clever piece of work in the form 

of a shield containing pictnres of !Xi7 children, photographed in one day. -4mongst 

other Auclrland photographers exhibiting were Midies C. R. Brown, of Dunedin, who 

sent a number of photo enlargements, and G. F- Jenkinson, whose exhibit mas a thee- 

fold screen of photographs. mnkelmann, of Auckland, who has won fame for his 

splendid yachting photographs and other sea-pieces, sent a large number of beautiful

framed enlargements depicting Suckland yachts racing and cruising in the H a d 

Gulf, scow-races, and other scenes of maritime life. A. J. Iles, of Rotorua, sent a 

number of his excellent &on studies. From the studio of Muir and Moodie, of hedin. 

there were some of the firm's well-known view of New Wand and South Sea Islands 

scenery. Wheeler and Dutch, of Christchurch, were also represented by photographs ; 

and the Xew Zealand Fine Art Studio, of the same city, exhibited some paintings from 

photographs. Cameras and other photographic apparatus were exhibited by G. W. 

Bznn&t and Co., W. Suck'hg, and G. Wilson, of Christchurch. 

PBNTING AND PBOCE~~-ENOB~VIHO. 

An excellent display of general printing-work scattered throughout the Exhl'bition 

demonstrated New Zealand's capacity for turning out high-class printing, processengraving, 

lithographing, and bookbinding. Thirteen New Zealand printing and 

stationery firms exhibited in this section. The Christchurch Press Company showed 

specimens of beautiful photo-engraving, lithographing, and general printing-work. 

The Lyttelton e imes Company, which furnished examples of its general printing-work 

also maintained a mom alongside the jdain Avenue, in which papers were fled for the 

use of visitors. * Whitcombe and Tombs (Limited), of Cluistchurch, a 6rm which is doing 

most useful wo in publishing books specially devoted to New Zealand subjects, showed 

besutifd sp?c&b of printing and engraving work and bookbinding, beaides general 

stationev- The Art Publishing Company of Christchurch showed an art advert&+ 

album. Gend stationery exhibits were made by Cockburn and Liddel, D. Craig and 

Co., H. M. Douglas, Foster and Co. (Limited), of Christchurch, and printing-work of 

various kinds by the last-named firm and H. .J. We& (Limited), of the same city. 

Gordon and Gotch (Limited), publishers and distributors, sent from their Wellington 

office a large collection of books, magazines, post-cards, &c., which filled a large and 

attmctively arranged shop in the Exhibition. Stone, Son, and Co., of Dunedin, exexhibited 

copies of their directories and A B C codes. From Raphael Tuck and Co., 

of London, came a nullber of the fine-art publications and the beautiful post-cards 

for which that firm is famous. The New Zealand Government Printing Department. 

of Wellington, had a special eshibit of its printing and stationery work, which is referred 

to elsewhere. John Sands sent from Austtalia some excellent tin and metal printing. 

In addition to the large e-xhibits of New k h d and other tiulbers conlprised in 

the various provincial and Australian courts, there was an exhibit that deserves meution, 

consistilig of samples of jarrah, the celebrated and very durable West Australiall 

timber, shown in the rough, and also dressed, polished. and varnished. These samples 

of woods were shown by 5LiIlar's West Australian Hardwoods Company, Christchurch. 

1-nder the class " Seeilsnlen, Xurserymen, &c.." the Yew- Zealand eshibiton included 

A. 1:. Bux?on (Limited), of the 0pan.a Murseries, Christchurch, who sho\!ed esamples 

of nursev stock, beautiful pot-plants, water-lilies, fern and floral designs. and agricultural 

and garden seeds of all ki~lds, also ,den-tools ; G. G. Stead and Co., of Christchurch, 

who had an exhibit of agricultural, garden, and flower and tree seeds, and orchard 

requisites ; the Canterbury Seed Company; Kave and Carter, of Christchurch ; 

Moore and Co., of Christchurch ; the Xew Zealand Loan and Xercantile Agency Company; 

G. D. Smith, rho showed a protector against potato-blight; the English 

firm of seeddealers, Sutton and Sons, of Reading, who exhibited farm, vegetable, 

and flower seeds specially adapted for New Zeslsnd, and bunches of grass suitable 

for various climates ; and a German dealer, Conrad Appel. of Darmstadt, who had a 

shotrcase of ,m, clover, and other seeds.

Perfumery, soaps, diainfedanta, dcc., was a c b that brought a considerable number 

of exhibits from various firms, including some of the most celebrated European perfumery-manufacturers. 

Amongst the New Zealand exhibitors were J. Newton and 

Son, of the Caledonian Soapworkj, WeEngton, who sent samples of their soaps, soft and 

hard, packet-soap and soap-powders. The overseas fums exhibiting included Rimmelts, 

of Paris and London ; J. C. and J. Field, of London ; J. M. Farina, of Cologne 

(manufachers of ean-de-Cologne); F. S. Cleveland and Sons ; Piver et Cie, of Park ; 

and Price's Candle Company, of London. Disinfectants, sheepdips, &., were included 

in exhibits representative of the Jeyea Sanitary Compound Company, of London; 

the Kelvindale Chemid Company, of Glasgow, and JdcDougall Bras., of Manchester. 

Patent medicinal prepamtions in great &e@ occnpied conspicuous placea in 

various busin- exhibits. Many of these were New-Zealand-made remedies. The 

principal exhibitors were R. E. Dutton, Auckland; S. G. Evans, of Dunedin ; Kempthorne, 

Proaeer, and Co., Chrkt~hurch; J. Neil, of Dunedin; Patexson, Sla& and 

Co. ; and several English firms. 

Veterinsry requisites in considerable varieky were shown by several firms. J. 

Burkitt, of New Plymou~ amongst other veterinary preparations eebited, sent 

samples of a patent cattk-branding cornpotition, white oil for rheumatism, and other 

oils and ointments; Gok and Co. exhibited samples of oils and oilcake from the 

Gonrepoure Company (Limited), Calcutta ; A. Newcomb and Co., of Buckland, animal 

medicines of vario~m kinds ; Parkin, Ness, and Co., of Ddington, England, and Quibell 

Bros., of Newark, England, sheep and cattle dip3 and Wectants. 

A number of large British and American firms of manufactmen were repnxented 

in the trade exhibits of paints, varnishes, oil-stores and similar articles. A New Zealand 

hm, the Gear Meat Preser&g and Freezing Company, of Wellington, showed some 

raw pmducta in the form of tallow, oils, &c. The exhibiting firms from the United 

Kingdom were Farqnhar and Gi of Aberdeen ; Harland and Sons, of Mnrton, Surrey ; 

Jenson and Nicholson, of Stratford; Locke, kcaster, and W. W. and R. Johnson 

'and Son (Limited), and Hamilton and Co., of London; the Burmah Oil Company 

(lubricating-oils, candles, kc.) ; Suter, Hartman and Rshtjen's Composition Company, 

J. C. and J. Field (Limited), Pulver Paint and Sicate Company, of London. The 

American exhibitors were the Atlantic Refining Company, of Cleveland, U.S.A., the 

Standard Paint Company, of New York, and Biturine Manufacturing Co. (Limited), 

(Biturhe Solution for Ships). 

Boot and harness polishes were shown by several New Zealand and English firms ; 

the locally manufactured article came from A. Morris, of Green Island, Otago ; Newcomb 

and Co., of Auckland and Christchurch; and Walker and Son, of Woolston, 

Christchurch ; and the imported article from Carr and Son, of London ; the Kelvindale 

Chemical Company, of Glasgow ; and the Nugget Polish Company, of Londoa 

Under the heading " Fertiliser-man-rs," exhiiits of animal products were 

made by the Gear Xeat Company, of WeUington, and the Canterbury Frozen Meat and 

Produce Company. Am eshiit of the valuable phosphate rock from Cfarendon, Otago, 

was shown by the Ewiq Phosphate Company, of Dun& The Bnglo-Continental 

Guano-works, of London, sent in glrrss bottles samples of guano and other fertilisem. 

Besides the exhibits of New-Zealand-made ropes and twines mannfactared from 

our Phormium tenax, there were several exhibits of hemp and wire rope from overseas. 

J. Jbaddren, of Christchurch, in addition to an exhibit of New-Zealand-made rope, bindertwine, 

&., showed some manila-hemp mandactuws The Edinburgh Roperie Company 

(Limited), of London and Leith, sent an exhibit of all kinds of ropes, twines, cords, 

and canvas. J. Shaw (Limited), a She-d fins had a display of wire rope for use in 

mines and on board ship, together with various other appliances and fittings, such as 

copper lightning-conducto~ and wire screenwork for mining, 


- 

Under " Sporting Requisites," considing of guns, rifles, ammunition, and fishingtackle, 

there were exhibits by some of the best British firms. From the works of 

William Cashmore, of Biiham, there were a number of sporting-grins ; Hey Bm, 

the celebrated ammunition-mandactumrs, had a large assortment of spoaing and 

military ammunition on view. In fishing-tackle the exhibitors were Hardy Bros., of 

Alnwick, North Britain, who showed fishing rods and reels of various kinds; and 

Maling and Co., of chistchurch, who had a pod display of fishing-rods and all other 

requisites for the sport of angling, besides sporting-gum of various hds. 

The firms of opticians exhibiting were E. M. Sandstein, of Christchnrch ; A. E. 

Green, of Ghristchurch ; Flavelle, Roberts, and Sanker, of Brisbane ; Ross Limited, of 

London; Erwin and Co., of Biiham; W. Tatson and Sons, of London ; G. H. Zeal, 

of London: and A. Abelson, of New Yorli. Evq kind of optical goods, from spectacles 

to miaoscopes and surveying-in&uments of the latest patterns, were included in 

the exhibits of these firms ; also photographic appnratus, kinematographs, and X-ray 

apparatus. 

Under the class-heading of " Hodels" there were a number of locally made and 

imported exhibits, some of-which were steamship-models, alreadr referred to. Baldwin 

and Ravward, of Webgton, and H. Hughes, of Christchurch patent agents, exhibited 

various nlodels of New Zealand patented hcles. H. L. Mainland, of Burke's, 

near Dunedin, exhibited a model of a machine for taking gold out of crevices and 

roc1,~ botton~s. A model that attracted considerable attention, standing near the 

clothing exhibits close to the southern side of the main entrance, was a full-ize tignn! 

of a Highland pipe-major, fully equipped and uniformed, the work of H. Starch, of 

London. 

A numbex of educational requisites of many bds were shorn by several local 

and foreign firms. E. J. Forbes, of Wellington, made an exhibit of !ocally-made and 

of imported school-desks and other schoolroom requirements ; C. H. Gilby, of Christchurch, 

showed useful school appliances, and also specimens of commercial students' 

work. The International Correspondence School, of Scranton, Penn~lvania, U.S.A., 

sent a collection of lesson-papers, text-boob, and exhibits connected vlth courses 

in drawing, electriciv. photography, &c. ; and the Chicago School of Advertising 

(Page. Davies) showed instruction boob and papers, test-books, photographs, literature, 

kc.. used in its conrses. 

Tax-rests manufacturers were represented b?- the h of Bq-ant and Mayy who 

sent Iron1 their Fairfield Kerb a showcase containing wax \-estas, safety and other 

matches. 

Ti~~dow blinds and shutters were shown bp J. ,hdrews and Son, of Wellington, 

and automatic window-sashes and self-locking sash-fasteners by Baxter, of Opoho, 

Dunedin ; a patent sash-fastener by C. Bergerson. of Palmerston h'orth: and Lorie's 

patent window-fastener by Sargood, Son, and Ewen: a patent window-faskner, claimed 

to be burglar-proof, self-adjusting and anti-mtthg. by the Howland Window-Fastening 

Compally, of Christchurch ; and a patent window by A. E Dewar, of Auckland. 

,Artificial limbs and surgical appliances were shown by J. Johnson, of Dnnedin, 

and J. A. Packer and Son, of Newtown, Wellington. There was a display in the same 

class from a New Tork finn. 

Vnder the catalogue heading of " Specialities, Kovelties, &c.," there was a very 

numerous collection 01 articles of a miscellaneous charader that could not be included in 

any particular class. A number of these were patent contrivances of various finds, most 

of them the inventions of New-Zealandem. Amongst the general rmap of articles under 

this heading some of the most noticeable were a number of designs and photos of yachta 

and launches by an Auchd boatbuilding firm, Clare and Callings, of Ponsonby ; 

decorated draught and chea boards made by J. Collins, of Fergnson Street, Wellington :

HEW !ZENAND EXEIBlTIOW. 

the exhibit of J. R. Gaunt and Sons (Limited), who showed badges, medals, buttons, 

and swords used in various regiments of the British army ; that of W. Jupp and Son, 

of Wiis Street, Wellington-wood, ivory, bone, and horn tnming, inlaid walking-sticks, 

&. ; the Kapai Corn-broom Campany's specimens of broomware; J. B. Mansfield, 

of Christchurch and Parkinson and Co.. of Anckland, monumental mason-work. Stokes 

and Sons. of Melbourne, had an interesting working exhibit of medal-stdrhg, and camed 

on a large business in the manufacture and sale of medals and tokena commemorative 

of the Exhibition. Von Gottf&d, of Christchureh, eshibited a map of New Zealand 

in relief on a scale of twenty-five miles to the inch, and a h electrical recording-instru- 

ments, and a tele-thermograph, for the purpose of showing variations of tempelature 

in distant places simultaneously. W. D. Wbitaker, of Dipton, Southland, showed 

blocks of building-stone, including samples of Oreti bluestone. Among& the patents 

shown by New Zealand inventors, J. HoImes, of Waimahaka, Southland, had a patent 

interlocking coupling to take the place of the old " S" hook for swiqletrees, also a 

patent clasp for attaching the chains on the ends of spreaders ; P. Blythe, of Wmton, 

a brake for sawmill-trolliw and H. J. Gardiner, of Christchurch, a patent cycle-seat for 

children. 

Fancy goods predominated in those sections of the Exhibition devoted to the 

business of the concessionaires. All kinds of pretty gimcracks were on sale in-these 

stalls, from gold-wire work, artistic metal-work mother-of-pearl work, gkmwork, and 

so on, to Xew Zealand greenstone curios (most of them cut and worked in Europe) and 

%on woven-work, carving, and war weapons made by Haori hands after the patterns 

of old. Twentp-four f'lrms had stalls of this class. A considerable number of these 

were Xew Zcaland h m ; the others were chid? h m Australia ; one, dealing in amber 

jewellerp, leather, and artistic ~netal-mare, came from Copenhagen. A stall that did 

particularly good business was the one which carried on as specialties glass and electaid 

engraving. gold-wire work and handkerchief embroidery. Four or five stalls were 

'hevoted to the sale af greenstone and various articles of Maori make ; one of these made 

a feature of the beauW tampkui penstone obtained near Mitre Peak on the shorn 

of Nilford Sound ; these were work4 into grotesque little tikis and other ornaments 

after the ancient &ri patterns. Two stalls were managed by Maoris ; one was that of 

Patuaka Tauehe, of Awahuri, Palmerston North, who sold good specimens of his carving- 

work and replicas of old Maori weapom ; and the other was that of Urn and Xorehu, 

descendants of the ancient lords of the soil in Canterbury, who s hod escellent speci- 

lucils of Jiaori mats, 3faori-made taiahas and other weapons, and wood-carvings. 

THE " VICIY)RY 

" STALL. 

A promillent exhibit in the upstairs portion of the Exhibition was the " Victory " 

stall, standing at the southern end of the northern gallery. Here there had been con- 

structed a two-thirds-size exact model of the stern of Xelson's famous +hip, the 

" kc to^." Below was a stall conducted by the Brit;Sh and Foreign Sailors' Societp 

for the sale of Xelson relics, and also for the sale of various small articles made chiefly 

from the copper and oak of another famous ship of the old wooden-w& era, 

the " Foudropant," another of Nelson's flagships. These articles included charma, 

medals, broaches, aleeve-links, &., tril of which had their sentimental value as coming 

from the bones of great fighting-ship whose names dl for ever live in historp. 

Amongst the Nelson mementos exhibited mas a heavy beam from the " Vktorfs" 

coohcit, where Xelson died. The exhibit was nuder the charge of the Rev. Mr. Mathem, 

assisted by Xi. J. W. Brth~lr, who was intrusted some time ago with the breaking-up 

of the " Poudropant."

SECTION XII. 

THE ETHNOLOGICAJ SECTION. 

U O W ASXI SOUTH -SEA-1SLAXX)ERS-A POL- REUXON. 

WHILE primarily illustrating the material progresa of 

New Zealand since it was first redeemed from barberism 

by the white man, the Exhibition scheme a h made 

provision for a section without which no exposition of 

human endeavour, arts, and education is comple+the 

ethnological side. An attempt was made to emulate 

what America did so wd at the St. Louis -tion 

m 1904, to organize a gathering of aboriginal peoples 

living in the country and those having racial &ties 

with them and wh lived under the same flag ; to show 

them, moreover, in snrmun~ approximating to their 

olden conditions of life, and to revive something of their 

ancient social customs, their handicrafts, and their amusements. 

It was recopid that not only would this from 

a mere business point of view prove a desirable adjunct to 

the Eshibition and provide a somce of novel enterbin- 

-. 

..: .. .- . 

ment to visitors, bbt it would a h have its scientific 

aspect, and its value for those whose interest lies in the 

observation and recording of linguistics, primitive cns- 

toms, and folk-lore. It was a seasonable reminder that " the proper study of mankind 

is man.' 

This sectional dirision of the Exposition consisted in a congress of the p t 

Native races of the South Pacific, the Maoris of New Zealand, their kinsmen the Poly- 

nesian-Islanders who inhabit the Cook Group and a thousand other islands and atolls 

in the great South Seas, and the people of Fiji, who form the connectiq link between the 

brown-skinned, straight-haired Poljaesians in the East and the woolly-headed negroid 

Melanesians in the %*&ern Pacific. Physically and mentally, no finer savage race 

existed than the Maoris who peopled this country when the white man found it ; and 

from the wonderful times of the Spanish navigators, Mendana and Fernando Quiros, 

down to the day Robert Louis Stevenson made his first landfall in his little white 

schooner in the charmed palm-lands of the P dc, explorers and writers beyond number 

have been captivated by the handsome bmwn-skinned, dark-eyed, song-loring men and 

women of the Polynesian Islands. The Fi~isns, too, have fame and many chroniclers ; 

they were once the most ferocious Qpe of the anthropophagi in the Pacific; to-dar 

they are a dwindling raee despite their olden warlike virilitJ; and the imported Hind00 

coolie is nsnrping their place in their beautiful mountain-islands 

It was a unique congress of the dark-ked tribes. From the Maori's Bawaiki of 

tradition, the 0outh Sea Fatherland, his long-severed " elder brothers," as he calls them, 

were brought to greet him face to face. ; the? chanted their poetic mihi of greeting to each 

other, and they hternised as long-lost but reunited m emb of the same great fawdy.

t 

NEW ZEALAm EXHIBITIOX. 

The h r i had less in common 

with the Fijian than with the 

Ramtongan ; few Maoris'had ever 

seen a Fiji - Islander before, but 

many a Cook-Islander had visited 

Auckland and other noahem 

parts of the colony in daps past, 

and there was a knowledge of 

kinship born of a common lineage 

and a common root-towee But, 

. while wondering at the strange appearance and singular folkways 

and ancient rites of the Fijians, the Maori also admired 

nnreservedly his fine physique, his agility, and his remarkably 

pictnresque costumes. It was a mind-broadener indeed for all 

three insular peoples. And it arouaed all their high national 

spirit too ; in each othds presence their racial dignity, their 

pride of blood, showed out to the full. Gathered on a common 

nrbrae, they danced and sang their best, and their speeches were 

models of punctilious ceremony and grave courtesy. There were 

some difficulties in the way of caqing on direct conversations, 

for the Maoris and Fijians in their mutual vh-making required two white interpreters 

; and even the Maoris and Rarotongans, closely allied as their languages are, required 

the assistance of interpreters in the delivery of formal addresses, though they soon 

mastered dialectical diflerences sntficientl~ to be able to roughly compare notes as to 

ancestral traditions. For the digdied Fijian leaders the Maoris had a curious respect; 

they loolied on them as rangatiras from one of the remote Hawailcis of the ocean-roving 

Polpnesian ; the place-name of Viti, or Whiti, or Hiti, which in some cases refers to 

Tahiti, but in others most probably to Fiji, occurs in many a Haori and Ramtongan 

song. Then there was the little band of men and women from isolated Xiue, or Savage 

Island (so called by Captain Cook because of the fierce and threatening demeauour of its 

wild inhabitants), an islet of upheaved coral £ar out in the great blue spaces of the 

Pacific, delegates from an interesting and now civilised people who number more than 

the population of any other island in the roll of New Zealand's South Sea possessions, 

and who form a rac-ial connectin,u-link between the Cook-Islanders and Tahitians on the 

one hand and the Tongans on the other. They were from the three " HawaLis " under 

the British flag in the Pacific, these Cook Islands and Ylue and Fiji men; and the 

magnitude and the marvels of the Eshibition i m p d them beyond wonls with the 

strength and godlike knowledge of the white race. 

Spectacularly, the Maori element was the one of predominating interest not only 

because of the superior numbers of this race, but also because of the highly picturesque 

stockaded village in which its members had their temporary homes. 

Numerous tribes of Maoris sent their delegates to the Exhibition ; in all, some 

five hundred Xatives spent periods of varying duration in the camp. The visiting 

South-Sea-Islanders totalled over eightv, of whom fifty-two were Fijians. These Fijian 

Xatives included a party of the fire-walkers from the island of Benga, celebrated from 

very remote times for the singular proficienc~ of one of its tribes in the ancient semireligious 

rite of the &Vila-i-rew, or, as it is called in the Polynesian Islands to the 

eastward, umu-ti. A description of these interesting Natives and their strange ceremony 

of the " hot-stone walk "-now for the first time performed out of their own 

little island-is given in succeeding pages. The Natives from the South Pacific islands 

under New Zealand jurisdiction-the Cook Group and Niue-numbered about thirty ; 

their viaits had been arranged by the Govenment Commissioners in those islands.


who a h arranged for excellent displays of 

Native antiquities, utensils, and articles of 

mufacture shown in a special court.

SEW ZEAIdCSD ESHIBITION. 

ment with the construction of the pa, and to Mr. Gregor IiicGregor (second in 

command, a gentleman well acquainted with the Haoris and their la%-e and 

customs), and his company of Maori carve= and pa-builders. The name " hi-te-um," 

bestowed upon the pa by the Hon. J. Carroll, Native jdiniater, appropriately memorised 

a fatuous Polyuesiau sailing-canoe. in which some of the aucestors of the souther11 Maori 

tribes arrived on these shores fronl the tropic isles of Hawaiki. The ,-hi-te-uru canoe, 

according to tradition, was 11-recked uear Jloeraki, 011 the North Otago coast-n-here 

she may still be seen, with the eye of faith, in the form of a submerged canoe. turned 

to stone, close by Matakaea Poiut. Aiiother name. however. which might very fittingly 

. have been given to the model pa \\-as " Maahunui," that of the canoe in which the im- 

mortal JIaui-the discoverer or " fisher-up " of the North Island-vo-aged to these 

shores from the South Seas : a ila~ne revered by the 

present - day Xgaitahu chiefs, who call trace their 

geuealogies back to Maui through a thousand years 

of time. Pet another llirnle which suggested itself as 

an esceedingly appropriate one is " Otakaro." the 

original Xative name of the Lo~er Avon and the 

site of the City of Christchurch. (Itakaro - the 

" Place of Takaro" - was na~ued so after an oldtinle 

Sgaitahu chief (as was Otautahi. the old Maori 

ford near where the Victoria Bridge crosses the 

dvon) : but it also by a noten-orthy coincidence 

means. literally interpreted. " The Place of Games." 

or " The Ho~ne of Amuse~uent." This suggests 

itself as a distinct i~nprove~lleut on the by 110 means 

euphonious " Hagley Park." Why uot " Otahro 

Park " ? 

The Xaori pa with its circun~\-allation of palisading 

and trenching covered an area of about 3 acres, 

stretchiug back from the western end of the Victoria 

Lakelet, in the left rear of the Exhibition Buildings, to the boqeoning oak-groves. The 

visitor approaching from the main Eshibition Building saw before him, stretchiug up 

along a very gentle rise from the glancing waters of the Iakelet, a double war-fence, enclosing 

a roughly rectangular space of pund, and topped even- few yards by knobby-headed


posts and huge carved e@es @ming d&nce at him with their 

great saucer eyes and lolling tongues. At the angles of the fence 

and projecting over them were tower-like strnw, the 

approaches; within the fence here and there were tall pts on 

which aingalar little storehonses like dovecots were perched ; an 

upended canoe, brightly painted and carved its lower part snnb: 

in the ground, stood high above the stockade. Within there 

were glimpses of reed-thatched houses and red-painted carpings 

and wooden effigies, some grasping weapons of the Maori, all with 

their shell-made eTes glaring fidy outwards over the walls-a 

"gorgon-eyed and b~g~dem~n.q-." Smoke curled up in the 

inner pa from the women's cooking - ovens-the stone-heated 

ha@. The sound of song and dance was in the air, the chatter 

of a little Maori co~~~munity, the lilt of the poi-girls at their rehearsals, 

the men at their hah ; a scene inshct with challenge 

to the imagination of the stranger. And, passing the scornful 

visage of the camen Janw who kept guard over the bridged 

trench and the gateway of the pa, one was introduced to a little 

Maori town, a scene full of semi - barbaric life and colour, all of 

the olden time. The pa consisted of two sections or division% 

the outer and the inner pa - defended by successive lines of 

entrenchment. The outer or lower division fronted the lake, where the 

canoes lay at their moorings. Here, too, was one of the grounds for the pexformance 

of the poetic poi and the martial haka and perupem-the leap* parades. The ground 

rose slightly as the inner a g e was approached, and formed a natural dge 

for the dancing-parties. 

Unfortunately the configuration of the ground did not lend itself well to the la+gout 

of the best and most striking of the Maori pa-the hill-fort. Viith the pu11d 

almost level, it was, of course, impossible to oonstmct a bold scarped and terrsced 

fort, of which such splendid examples are to be seen by the thousand in the North 

Island-the ancient pa-mcrioro of the &n The eggeers and architects of the pa were 

therefore forced, as an ancient 1Uarrl.i pa-builder would have been under similar circumstances, 

to adapt the pattern of village to the lay of the countq. Accordingly it was 

modelled much on the lines of a waterside pa, such *to instance a celebrated prototype-the 

gest pa Waitahanui, once occupied by Te Heuheu and his tribe, on the shores 

of Lake Taupo, which was sketched by Angas in 1844. With the ,mound and the material 

at their disposal, Mr. Hamilton and Mr. McGregor did their best to reproduce the old~n 

Maori pa, a combination of fishing-village, waterside stockade, and trenched residential 

town, with ita living-houses of various tUSypes, its c a d and decorated houses for ceremonial 

purposes, its storehouses and platforms for food, its cmoe fleet, and all the furniture 

of the h e Maori @ga. 

The defences of the outer village consisted of a strong double fencc slld a ditch. . 

The outer, technicall? haom as the pekerang& was the chmuz-de-frise of the pa, a line 

of sharp stakes-shaq at both ends, with stout posts at intervals of eve? three or four 

yards. The posts were sunk in the ground, but the stakes, connected and held in pwition 

by crc#ls-rails, only reached to within a foot or eo of the earth. Their pointed tops 

were some 7 ft. from the ground. The mwa or turwlaurata was the second and stouter 

stockade. This was about 8 ft. high, and all its timbers were snnli in the ground. 

There were interstices in the fence for the defending spearmen. In ancient dap the 

defenders of a village, standing in the trench, thrust their long sharp wooden spears 

(tao) through the interstices and through or underneath the outer hanging fence at the 

attacking warriors. When the Maoris obtained firearms and constructed their pas to

sGt the altered conditions of n-arfare, they retained this feature of their o!den forts ; 

standing or crouching in the trench they thrust the muzzles of their guns through the 

spaces in the main fence and fired beneath the pdmangi, being thus able to meep the 

of the pa with their iire in perfeet safe to themselves. The trench was about 

4 ft. deep and 3 ft. wide. Evq few yards there was a larger post than the sap1+ 

& rickerg that chidy composed the main fence ; them! posts were the tumu or kahia ; 

their tops, 8 ft. or 9 ft. abwe the ground, were roughly notched and rounded. in imita- 

8 1 H. ~ m. BISHOP, S.Y., OF U-m'WCBL3i. C~IRYAS 

GO-EE M CHARGE -- TE &OBI SE~IOX. 

OF THE 

tiou of huiual~ 

heads impaled ou the spiked palisade-a gentle custolu alike of the Maori 

and our own Anglo-Saxon-Celtic forefathers. Every 12 ft. or so around the stockade 

the maw was adorned with sculptrucd wooden figures, mounting guard round the fort- 

ress-walls like a company of savage tws. These figures x-iere elaborately carved and 

often tattooed-in fact, the profuse and splendid carving was the great feature of the 

pa. A11 varieties of effigies were there ; some lolling tbeir htge heads on one side, with

an exaggerated esprcssion of pain that was most laughable, as if they were regretting 

overindulgence in some feast of " long-pig" ; 0th- rigid and upright, glaring bale- 

fuJlp outwards, their faces scmEed with he% of mob, their lower parts blue-chased 

with the rape and tiki-Aope patterns of tattoo; their hands gripping tongue-pointed 

taialia or battle-axe-like t cuWa. 

31s. -1. HAJLILTON (L)IBE~OE OF THE DOYISIOS ~IGSEUYI, 

1s CH.~GE OF mx~ 31.~0~1 PA. 

Criticiziilg the coi~structic~ll of the pa from a techiliva! vielt-point, its chief defects. 

as colllpared with fortified towiis of olclcll dn>*s, were that the stockade tinlbcrs were 

riot illassirc e~lollgh or high enough. and were not close-enough together. The palisading 

col~istcd almost entirely of tawai. or beech timber. obtained from the Oxford 

hush. alld in this respect the pa-builders n-orlied at a disad\-antagc. Properly, the 

111ain should have been of totara or tnwa tinlbcr, of nluch larger size than the

ickers which had to be used in the " brai-te-uru " defences. In the protected villages 

of ancient Maoridom and in the forest-stochdes bdt for defence against the white 

troop by the Maoris (the Ngapuhi and the Taraualii Tribes in particular) in the wars 

from 1845 up to 1869, the palisades were of great strength. Good-sized totara or tawa 

trees, the bigger ones split in two or three, would wherever possible be used for the 

stockade ; also, the war-fences often 

stood ]-nore than twice the height of 

a tall man above the ground. &I that 

visitors to " A&-te-m" b~ hagining 

a huge stoclrade double the height 

of the outer fence, would have been 

able to form a good idea of the towering 

palisade - lines which the lldaori 

comm11nes of other d8p erected with 

such enormous toil and incredible 

enere around their hill-top or waterside 

hamlets. 

III solne respects there was a 

certain unavoidable suggestion of 

modernity, but, taken all in all, the 

pa was a faithful attempt at the revival 

of x-illagcs of other days. The 

main entrance was a h e bit d canr\ing 

and prinutirc fort-building work. 

It constructed by Hori Puliehi1;a 

and his Wanganui men, after ancient 

pattenis of kuda or '' nlonths " of 

&mhded 'villages. It \\-as flauked 

and surmounted b?- large figures ia 

hulllau presentnlent. and by solid carven 

msts. The ditch was erosscd bla 

dr;rbri*e-a "lid an' ME. 6. UCOREGOR, 01 WA:*.WXGI, MR. HAIILTOX-s 

carved slab which rorlred on a pivot : 

Sms~ IX COZIXAA~ M TEE NAORI PA.


when drawn up it fonned the gate ; when lowered by its ropes across the ditch it was 

the road of entrance. Entering the lower village-green, the visitor noticed on his right the 

wide angle-tower-pdara or taumihi-with its breastwork and flooring 

of saplings, Ske a balcony, comrnandhg the north-east comer of the pa 

and projecting outwards over the stockade. This puhura was probably 

somewhat wider in proportion than those erected on old-time pas, but in 

its general mode of mmtmction and in its means of access-an inclined 

massive pine log (rimn), with deeply notched steps-it followed the 

customary lines. On these lookout places the sentries of old were posted, 

and spears wem cast, and the enemy annoyed in a variety of other ways 

such as the heart of the %Ori devised. This tower was about 20 ft. above 

the gro1111d. Above the canoe-gate, on the lake side of the pa, there wrra 

another protective work of a similar charader. The north- west angle 

of the pa, on the higher ground at tbe other end of the village, was anzmounted 

by a phma of different and more stribg character. It was a 

taller and narrower structure, with three stories or successive platforms, 

and mae about 30 ft. above the ground. This watch-tower, built of rough 

timbers with head-notched posts, and of tawai saplings and rickers, was 

conatmeted much on the lines of a puka sketched by the late Cbmles 

Heaphy when at the Chstham Islands over sixty yeem ago, constructed 

by the Ngatimutunga Tribe (a section of the Xgatiawa of Taraaaki), who 

litcra!ly " ate out" the peacefd Yoriori, the aborigines of the Chathams. 

Here, on the topmost atage of the ancient Xmri watchtower, hung the 

war-gong, the pubu-med in inverted-canua shape out of a block of 

A h1u , , matai wood. In the model pa, too, as in other da-vs, the loud cry of the 

TIIX PA: w-a-p - the " fort-awakening " call -was on occasio~u 4, 

den mimic lights engaged the h r i occupants. 

Facing the ~dlagc-green 

in the lo\\-er pa stood a good esanlple of the Maori zchare- 

tohabiro or carved house. This building was the largest structure in the little lakeride 

village, which its ,ban-a inhabitants christened " Ohincmutu." after their home amongst 

the spurting gepscrs and \\-arm simmering mi-ariki in their far-off Rotorus homeland. 

- A canoe was often set up on end and decorated as this one is in memory of s dead chief.

NEW ZEALAND EXHIBITION.

Most of its carved timbers and 

slabs came from the Rotorus 

district. Two great side-slabs 

(pou) in the porch, carved in 

unusually high relief, and 

measuring about 8 ft. by 3 ft., 

with huge staring eyes and 

colossal mouths, formerly stood 

on a sacred burial - gromd at 

Ruato, Lah Rotoiti ; they were 

carved b~ Neke Kspua. the 

chief carver in ~rai-&-UN Pa. 

The house itself measi~red 40 ft. 

in length by 20 ft. in width ; 

its finest featares were its deep and decolated porch and its richly carved side-slabs. 

The figure at the foot of the p-toko-manazw, or central house-pikr-before which burns 

the house-fie-- the presenL-~nt of a deified ancestor. It was obtained in the 

Toranaki district. Thc principal carved pieces in a decorated aori whare such as this 

are the tekdeko (the figure-head which adorns the front of the house above the porch), 

the mihi (front barge-boards), the pare (richly carved ornainent above th~ doorway).

the rwctwc (" legs " on eaeh side of the door), and the pw-tolo-wanauur. Besides these 

slabs and posts the whole of this house-interior was walled with dtesnatc carved fi,lnrea 

and neatly worked lattice-pattam in laced laths aud reeds. The massive ridge-pole 

(tuuhu) wae $ail? painted in arabesque patterns. and the rafters were similarly decorated ; 

the colour-effect --as bright and eye-pl-. The @nre at the foot of the howpillar 

was beautifull? carved in relied, with 0arefuU;r tattooed features. 

The Maori artist went to natural objects for most of his intricate patterns. The 

@racefnl volutes and double e p d termed pitau, like elaborated rope-coi!s, which 

odbd@ omanent the ends af barge-boards, the prom of war-canoes, and the door- 

wa?-pura, have their origin, some Natives say, in the tender, just-unfolding bud-hnds 

(Mu) of the arboreeoent fern ( hu) ; others see in them a copy of the daintily curled 

clouds which we call cirrns. The ctuiops flutings and wave - like markings on man? 

New Zealand cliffs--fox instance the great white nature-carped clifEs at Kaokaom, 

Baj of Plenty--are pointed to by some of the Arawa Maoris as the source and +ition 

of the pitau and dhe~ carving patterns. And an Bran carver in the camp upturns 

his hand and says, " Look at the lines on my thumb, observe their curves and circlesfrom 

them my ancestors perchance took th& scrolled carvings. Yet again, behold the 

web of the spider (wbare-pngaraer.], how it resembles the pitau." The phu, howevery 

may be a mystic symbol of origin far remote and sigdicance long forgotten. We

have, perhaps, to go to Egypt, to India, to the birthplace of the nations, for the source 

of some of these remarkable concepts of the Native race. In fai-severed countries 

there are suggestions of thesc same designs and decorative emblems, notably the make- 

rings of the pitau. 

On Aztec rains grey and lone 

The circling serpent coils in stone, 

Type of the a dla and &own. 

The Indians of b k a m e their totem-poles in striking likeness to the Maoris' 

tall tiki-posts. The wide gaze into space of some of the JIsori carved figores on the p- 

TEE CABVBD P.%l'AK.a. OR VILLAGE STOREROFSE. 

stockade was quite -tian and Sphins-like in its fixed impassiveness. Even in tattoo- 

ing me find the chins of the Arab and Nubian women decorated somewhat, after the 

fashion of the Maori women. The rap sphl tattooing on the body of the New- 

Zealander, as depicted on some of the carved posts-the n-arrior's special adornment- 

has its counterpart, according to an African traveller's sketch, amongst a people on the 

waters of the Upper Nile. 

The rafter-paintings in the large dare were characterized by much artistic grace. 

The mango-pare (hammer-headed shark) was a fayourite pattern ; another conventional 

deirice was inspired by the beautiful drooping flowers of the golden kowhsi The wall-

plates were painted in other tasteful patterns. chiefly the taniko, the prep geometrical 

designs used in the borders of the best h r i fiss cloaks. 

hother splendid specimen of 

the carver's art in the outer kahm 

was the large yataka or food-stok 

a structure raised on wooden legs or 

pillars sevd feet above the ground. 

It was most completelp and rick 

worked and represented probably 

the highest d&-elopmentc of tha 

Xaori woodan-er's art. In a pa- d 

tdta such as this. in the olden times, 

were kept the more valuable foodsupplies, 

such as potted birds (munu-Ah)-pigeons, 

tui. &.-preserved 

in their on-n £at and sealed 

up in calabashes and ba* baskets. 

The pataka was often the bestcarved 

and most prized build- -4 Rws BIEII- or TEE PATARA. 

ing in the settlement. This particular 

storehouse wvas carved br Neke Kapua and his sons. from Lake Rotoiti: they 

took as their pattern the ornalnentation on some very fine old stone-axe-carved slabs 

which were found buried in a cave on the east roast of the North Island some ~ eam ap. 

The moat remarkable feature of the decorative scheme of this pataka was the constantlr 

recurring Qpre of that strange fabulous creatne the i~rrab, which combines the con;plicated 

coils and curves of a saurian or seahorse-like being with the head and beak 

of a monstrous uncanny bird. The idea reproduced here was from beyond the seas-its 

origin is lost in the doom of the untold centmies which have passed since the Jlaori's 

forefathers set sail from Asiitic shorn into the nnlmo\nl 

Rawhiti-the Place of the Sun-rising. 

A singular little whare in the far corner of the outer 

tnarae arod some curiaeit\. among the visitors. This 

was intended to represent the tohunga's whare-the hut 

of the tribal priest and " nledicine-nlan." Being taptr. 

the tohunga \\.as supposed to lii-e himself in this senlisubterranean 

dwelling, its hnt adorned with can-ed side- 

SLIM and ,ginning td-deX.0, its roof covered with totarahark. 

its sides heaped up with earth after the fashion of 

the old-- IITrewera village honles. The real toh- of 

the p. however, preferred a nlore comfortable dwelling. 

The medicine-~nan of " ?Lrai-teuru 

" was r clever young doctor 

of h r i birth but pakeha education-Dr. 

peter Buck, whose 

heredita~ Xaori name is Tc 

Ranghima. Te 

~angim. \rho 

is one of the New 

Zealand Government 

medical officers 

in charge of Native &I nets, resided in the 

pa during the whole term of the Eshibition, not

OFFI-L RECORD 

only supervising its sanitation and attendin: to its sick, but also tam an energetic 

share in the picturesque dances of the visiting tribes, and stripping to a waitit-mat for 

tlie exciting hah and the thrilling pwuptnc. 

Now the inner pa, the chief resideutial section of the village, was entered. It was 

defended by a double palisade, similar to the main line of the outer fence, with its tall 

carved figores or Adia and its liiobby tumu posts. Between the two tawai-sapling 

fences was a trench for the spearmen defending this citadel of the pa. The gate was a 

particularly e v e and beautiful piece of caning, the triumph of the woodworker's 

art. It was cut out of a huge solid slab of totara timber, brought from the centre of 

the North Island-a mapi6rent slab 2 ft. long, over 4 ft. wide and 6 in. thick Keke 

Kapua and his sons carved it in RelKqton, taking as their tauira or pattern ta a large 

estent a great darw, or fort-gate, which formed one of the entrances to the Naketu 

Pa, Bay of Plene, forty Fears ago, and which is the subject of a water-colonr sketch 

is- --I 

19- Najor-General Ruble? nor in the Colonial Museum. The arched gateway was flanked 

tall side-posts, each more than tn-ice the height of a man, with rich relief carvings 

of the m?-sterions wmnaia, to which reference has alread~ been made. 

The entrance to the pa, the gate=?- passed. was " blinded " b~ a protedive parapet 

or parepare, which compelled the enem?- or the visitor to diverge to ripht or left. Then 

the u-hares were seen, more than a score of them, illustrative of all the Werent hds of dwellings constructed br the %on grouped neatlF round the central marue or square. 

Just on the left stood a tall tawai-tree trunk with its branches lopped 0% and a little 

red-painted carved pataka perched on its top, !?5 ft. above the ground. A q&t touch 

of modernity amidst the surrounding images and habitations of olden Maoridom was 

the telephone-irk attached to this &a. in appearance like a dovecot. This w h 

was supposed to be the primitive " safe " in which the chief of the pa, dwelling in the 

adjacent -carved house, kept his choicest food-stores; and an ugly little carved redpainted 

demon kept guard at the tree-butt. Aloft the insulators of the electric line 

glittered against the haematite coat of the tiny whda: and in front of the wha-tree

NEW ZEUVD EXRLBXTIOX. 

was the business office of the pa, a whare built in Maori style, and decorated with gay 

gable-paintings after the Native amsts' rafter-patterns ; Maori tekdeh without, and 

pakeha telephone within. 

Hard byy under the shade of the beautiful spreading oaks, stood a small carved 

house. which was given the name of "Te Wharepuni-a-3hui"-&ui's Dwelling. 

,Uthough smaller than the whare-wha- in the outer pa, it was a more perfect speci- 

men of the Slaori house. This carved wharepuni-quite a pretbp little h r i dwelling, 

all under its shady trees-is the property of Mr. T. E. Donne General Xmager of the 

Government Tourist Department, and was lent bp him for exhibition m the pa It 

was about 3 I). in length by 1% ft. in width. The side-slabs or cmto-ma&, particularlv 

well-carved ligmw, one representing an ancestral chief, the other a chieftainwith 

the ancient patterns of tattoo and feather-decked head. The .pacpacpoto or 

threshold was a massive slab richly carved; above was the usual carved t&t&, a 

finial face or mask, tattooed in 

essctest imitation of a chiefs 

mob. Within, the house asl 

bright with painted rafters ant 

carved and shell - inlaid fipm 

The carved slabs represented 

historic ancestors and mpthic 1 

heroes of the race. Here was 

)wA 

ui 

- 

' 

fieoared Yaui, the Wizard Fisher- ,

hauling up his p t Land-Fish - the Rorth Island of New Zealand ; Tama-te- 

&putt, ancestral chief of the Artaras, with his stilts (pouida with which he walked to 

dise& his tnrh when robbing old Genuh the priest's breadfruit-tree in Haw&. 

XI;, again, slain by the Great Goddess of Night (i.e., Death), Hine-nui-te-Po, just as 

he \\-as in the act of entering her to snatch the secret of eternal life-painted livel~ as 

the deed n-as done. fikaotira~lgi, too, the chieftainess who brought the Lmnara.

the sweet potsto, to these shores from the isles of Polesvnesia. her little kurnara-basket 

in her hand. Mot curious of all the carvings in this whare was that on the sliding 

window. It represented, after the concept of the Maori artist, the famous beauty 

Hinemoa swhmbg across Lslie Rotom to her lover on Mokoia Island. There she 

was with her two tahz or calabash floats before her; behind her, on what you must 

understand was the rocky shore at Owhata Village, from which she set out on her 

love-led swim, was spread her sq- woven matthere was no possible doubt about 

it; and quite fittingly, there in front of her, on the sliding door of the h ow stood 

Tutanekai, her lover, tattooed and beautified in the best Maori style, and playing on the 

flute on which he breathed his serenade to the Maid of Owhata. 

The ordi~la~ 

residential houses and huts facing inwards OIL the village sclwre 

included the long whau of the Ka~yggnuis, with its verandah or ))tuhau, and other 

types of dl\-ellings, built of sapling franles and covered with \ri\vi ((rushes) in lieu of the 

usual raupo for walls and roof-thatch-raupo is very scarce hi this part of the countrr. 

The two large coothouses were of interest, as havbg been brought almost co~nplcte 

from villages on the banb of the wsnganui ,River. A very curious little n-hare \\-as 

one circular in shape, -- 

strange to the e?-&of 

even New-Zealanders. 

It is called a purangi, 

and was built br the 

Wanganui men, who . - - - - 

L 2 - --

sa?- their people frequently constructed cook-houses and sleeping-huts of this rouud 

pattern in former times. To those. who had visited the South Sea islands this little 

pure was reminiscent of the circular and oval houses of the Samoans, with the 

difference that the sides of the Samoan houses are asuall~ open. This fact was mentioned 

to one of the Wangani home-bdders, an old carver, and he said at on- " I 

how &at is probabl~ so; the people on some of the islands of Hawaiki must have 

honses like these, for it was our ancestor Turi who brought the knowledge of this bind 

of house-building with him when he came to this mun- in his canoe cAotea' from 

the isle of Rangiatea, where the axmanut pm and the b r a needs no care." 

In rear of the mwae were. the coom-quarters. Some of these were. prinutive 

Yaori earth-ovens or hi, with their heaps of cooliiq-stones : dried fish and eels 

were hung upon poles ; on the trmrae at times heaps of the edible seaweed called 

hreqo were spread out to d~ in the sun. Loose-gowned women 1t-it.h tattooed chins, 

the dames of the Wanpnui and the Arawa,.gossiped with each other: plaited flax 

baskets, or tended their cooI;ing and their bables. 

The h e old tattooed warriors of the Maori wiil soon be as extinct as the nloa. 

There were just one or two of these old-time 'w in the ,hi-te-uru stockade The most 

notable of these was the well-wwko'd Waib-ato veteran Yahutu te Toko, a cousin of the 

late Maor; King Tawhiao. Sitting with a ca--maEct in h& hand-he n-as assisting

in the repa* and fitting-out of his great tribal canoe,. the " Taheretikitik'," in the 

watezside division of the pa-the old Waikato chieftain recounted some of the episodes 

of his fighting youth to his Maori-speaking interviewer. 

He is not a big man; he is spare, and of once veq 

active frame ; his forehead is high, his face blue-chiselled 

with the spirals and other conventional devices of the 

tattooing artist. In facial lines Uutu bears a rather 

mmarkable resemblance to his cousin, the old Maori 

King. He wore aa old slouch hat, with a white feather, 

cocked over his moko'd brow ; his c!othes were pakeha 

store clothes, and roimd his shouldem he wore a brightooloured 

shawl, for the winds of the " Wai-pounamu." 

he complained, "ate into his bones," and he made 

jocular lament for the warm airs of his home - land, 

Whto. 

Old Mahutu, led to tales of other da9 was dram 

back to the war-path a& Elis old slouch-hat took 

a fighting tilt; the pdceha caulking-mallet becsme a 

tomahawk. 

" & tam! my 6mt war-trail ! It was in Taranaki, 

when the Waitara war began. I marched down through 

the forests of the Rohepotae, with a hundred other 

young men of Wailcat0 and Ngatimaniapoto, to shoot 

pakehas. &wi Emiapoto led us I was then UUtattooed 

; I was perhaps twenty-four years old. My 

double-barrelled gun and my tomahawk-those were m?weapons. 

We fought the Queen's 501d;ers at Waitara, 

- at Kaiiu. Then the Wai-kotero fight ; there I killed T(rTOYEE ~ v ~ THE-~'v.\x $ ~ 

a white soldier with a b!ow of a long-handled tomahawk ISEEB PA. 

--so ! E-e ! His neck was cut through-he fell-he 

died !-in the swamp at Wai-kotero he died ! 

"Then there came the Waikato n7ar, when we yere 

forced back and back from Papahira and Tualiau and 

Mercer and RaHgiriri, until all the ralley of the Wailiato 

was in pkeha hands, and the ,wbts of the Queen floated 

on the waters of the Horotiu. At the beginning of that war. 

(in 1863) I led'a war-part? of Wailiato and Ngabniripoto 

against the pakeha soldiers and settlers at Patumahoe. We 

fought in the bush ; it was quite a he little battle. We 

shiihed through the forest, and jumped from tree to tree, 

firing, and reloading and firing apiu at our enemies; the 

pakehas came out to meet us, but we had the best of it, for 

we fought nearly naked, and we were off Lilre eels through 

the swamp. Then Ran,* - Patera* - Rangiawhia - 

O h u ; the Maori fell; his lands went to the strong 

hand, and he took to the shelter of the Rohepotae. the 

& 

King Country. 

CAJ&vtm \VLYWIP UP THE 

Wa*u~prs~: A YAOEI ABTIBVR " There I lived for ;rears after the war : them I became 

COXCEPTIOS OF HI=x~. a &&U, when the prophets came from Taranahi with the 

new P ~ i - ~ religion r e of Te 1Ta. -And it was then-after 

the m-ar-that I was tattooed, after the mko fashion of my fathers. Ta\vhiao desired 

his young warriors should have their faces tattooed, and revert to the customs of their 

~ v ~

OPPICUL RECORD 

ancestors He told me that I must be moLw7d ; so when a tohwga-ta-wmA.ba tattooing 

artist-named Te Hub amved in our village at Tokangamutu from Kawhia, I welit to 

him and was adorned as pu see. B toma! It is the sign and &en of the JIaori of 

other days But the tiiiie of the tohuqa-ta-,,roko has passed. The youl~g illell of illy 

race iio lollper desire tlie J~O, and there is not one tohu~t!/a-/a-t)aoko alirc in the Waikato 

\\-lio could tattoo them if they did. The dark-tattooed face of war \\.ill not loiig be seen 

amo~igst us: a11 that \\-ill I)e 

seen \rill be the 1)lue-chiselled 

chius of the \\-omei~." the 

old fellon- stooped a, nail1 ' over 

the caulking of his big canoe. 

and puffed away at his old 

black pipe 

Sear by there was ailother 

grey -haired \Tailiato hard i~t 

work. lashiiip the loiip top - 

sides of the " Taheretikitiki " 

to the dovetailed hull He 

was a big, stout. large-liml~ed 

mail. girt with a shawl. for 

hr despises the trousers of tlie 

paleface - Ahuriri, the canoecaptaiu 

a one - time skilful 

kai-hautu. or time-giyer - the 

fuglemaii who balances him- 

'

self amidships in the long, mmw dw-taw, and yells himself hoarse iu his cab to his 

crew and chants his staccato canoe-songs Ahuriri hailed irom Waahi, " King " Mahuta's 

village on the banks of the Waibato, near the Hmtly coal-town. One of his war-time 

memories is the fight at Rangiawhia, in the Waihto campaign, when the Forest Rangm 

and Nixon's cavalry raided a pretty little village in the Waipa basin early one morning. 

and made short work of some of Ahnriri's relatives. Wre old Mahutu, _he speut w 1 ~ 

years in the rebels' Alsatia, the King Countqi, at Te Kuiti and Hihmugi. 

Eelre Epua, the principal wood-carver amongst the Arawa Maoris in the pa, 11-as 

another man with a sto? to tell. Nelce, a tall, straight-limbed veteran, a cunning 

workman with the mallet and chisel, has been on the war-path himself, and has used 

hie rifle and tomahawk on half a dozen battldelds and -.a dim forest trail. As a 

youth of sixteen or seventeen he joined the 1o.d cohunn of hwa soldiers led by the

celebrated Pokiha Taranui (the late Major Fox), about the year 1865, and from that time 

until 1871 served on the Government aide againat the Hauhaus. With his chief Te 

Matangi he toot the field in the Rotoiti district against the Xgatiporou rebels who invaded 

the .ham countq, and shared in a lively little skirmish at Tapuaeharuru, the 

"Sounding Sands," at the eastern end of Lake Rotoiti He was one of the young 

,hwa warriors under Major Mair, who i n d the strong Hanhau pa at Te Teko, and 

leaped with his comrades in the p t 

war-dance performed as the Hsahau prisoners, 

including some of the murderers of the mkionary Voher, were marched out of the 

pa Then came the seacoast fights with the Ngatiporou Hauhaus, who were defeated 

by the Arawas (led by white and Xaori officers), in a series of running 6ghb along the 

B~F of Plenty coast, at Waihi and Kaokaoroa. In 1869 Xeke marched with his kinsmen 

of Ngatipikiao, led by Pokiha, in Colonel Whitmore's column, the h t Government 

force that ventured into the wild country of the Iirewenr mountaineers, rushed the 

Harema Pa, and fought at Ruatahuna and elsewhere, often ambuscaded in the dense 

forests by the savage Urewems. Some of Neke'a shawl-kilted comrades-in-arma were, 

however, just as savage in th&r methods of warfare. Neke relates how Matene te Huaki. 

an ,bwa chief, decapitaqwith his tomahawk three Urewera men who were shot on the 

hills .above the Ruatahuna Valley, and carried their heads with him all the way back to 

Roto~a as trophies of the forest campaign. Another war experience of Xeke's was 

his senrice in the company of h a scouts, under Captain Gundry, a plucky half-caste 

officer. in the bush 6ghting against Titokowarn's cannibal Hauhaus in Tara~lab after 

the fall of Tauraugs-ika Pa. Neke's home is 011 the shores of the beautiful ittle bay of 

Ruato, on Lake Rotoiti. Hi hapu, Ngatitarawhai, has for generations been celebrated 

for its clever wood workers and carvers ; Xeke's father and his grandfather before him 

were notable hi-whahiro, artists of the cmvbg-chiael His sons are also deft and 

iridustrions wood-carvers ; in the Xqtitarawhai, at q rate, there is little fear of the 

tine old tchakairo btniug a lost art. 

Then there were George Pukeb, the Wanganui iood-canrerz and his moe1nen 

from Raimna, and Kamtia, and Putiki, on the lower IVanganui River. There was 

Tuta Xihoniho, the Ngatiporou chief, hem of a score of fights in the Hsnhau days on 

the East Coast, and Major Ropata's old lieutenant. Tuta is an old hand with gun and 

tomahawk. He was skirmishing and taldng palisaded pas about the East Cape, and 

Poverty Bay, and in the Urewenr country from 1865 to 1871, and he can spin man>- a

mild tale of the Hauhau hnnthg expeditions round about the mk.~ shores of Lake 

Waikaremoana and the gorges and forested peaks of Tuhoe Lan& when he and his 

elom of Ngatiporou were frequently reduced to living on bra-bemes aud fern-root 

and the heart of the ma& fern-tree. 

hother visiting chief, probably the highst in rank of all living Maori rangutirob, 

was Te Heuheu Tukino, the head-man of the Taupo tribes and the h e Arii of the 

xgatituwharetoa Tribe. Te Heuheu and the big jovial Te Rawhiti: of Waikato, joined 

Gth spirit in the Lakczs of the combined tni in the earlier stage of the pa season : their 

tribespeople were unable to attend as a body. 

81l good types of the Maori people, these tribal representatives 'n the hi-te-uru 

Pa -men and women 

with pedigrees that 

stretch back into the 

remote ages when their 

Pol~nesian ancestors 

dn-elt in the palm-clad 

islands of the traditional 

Haraili. 

THE CANOEB. 

The proxiniity of the 

little Kctoria Lake to 

the pa afforded an ex- 

cellent chance for the 

clispla? 'of bnle fine 

epeeinlens of the Maori 

caiioe, from the stately 

decorated dw-krua to 

the little kopapa or nro- 

J-ihi. Half a dozen pod 

specimens of the wah 

Maori n.ere brought 

dew-11 froin the North 

Island for the E-&bi- 

tion. 

First of all came the 

" Taheret lritilj " the 

pride of the Wailiato 

River, lent for the Ex- 

hibition by her principal 

G m s a TIIE COYINC C:L'EZTX. 

owner, Mahuta, whose 

tm70 relatives, old Mahutu and Ahuiri, came down in charge of her. " Taheretikitiki "- 

ineaning the " Wamor's Crest," in allusion to the olden custon~ of hair-dreYsiiig I)? 

@ing it up in a knot high on the head-is a beautifully modelled craft, and of ,pat size. 

She is 84 ft. in length over all, with a beam of 5 ft. a~nidships ; her hull is different 

from those of other canoes now in existence, in that it consists of three sections which 

cmminj~ly dovetail into one another ; the middle section is 50 ft. in length. The big 

canoe has topsides lashed on on either side, and is finished off bow and stern with the 

lofty ornaments without which no war-canoe is complete, the stern-post. with its flaunting 

feathers, and a carved -head with two long hih-wands- decked with white tufts 

of albahm-feathers-projedug from its hesd like great feelers. " Taheretkitiki " has 

a rather notable history, although her triumphs have been thw of the regatta-cow

ather than of war. She was built about twenty-four years ago on the hipara. cut 

out of a liauri-tree by the Ngatiwhatua Tribe for their fine old chief, the late Paul 

Tuhaere, of Orakei, Auckland Harbour, who before his death presented the canoe to 

King Tawhiao. and shipped her up to the Wd-ato River. On the Walhto the big 

wah was oftell manned to convey Governors, Xinisters of the Crown, and other notable 

visitors across the river from Huntly to Jbahuta's village at Waahi On several occasions 

she competed in most exciting races in Auckland ELarbour, two of which were against 

man-of-war critters. She was bmught down to Aucliland on one occasion about seven 

years ago, and, manned by more than fifty pad-, made a splendid iight over a 

two-mile course with two of K3I.S. " Tauranga's " twelve-oared cutters, beating them 

both. A day or two later her crew of barebacked Wadatos paddled her to victory 

in a race with two large canoes, Omapere" and dc Tawatawa," from the Bay of 

Islands. A really good canoe-race was, unfortunately, a sight that Exhibition 

visitors could not see in Christchurch, but the " Taheretikitiki " was manned occasion- 

ally and got under way on the lakelet, in order to give some idea of what a fully 

manned and equipped war-canoe loolied like in the olden clap. 

The Wanganui canoes included 

fonr good-sized craft, fitted with 

topsides and ornamented with tde 

and other kinds of carved figure- 

heads, and with gracefally carved 

stemposts. These canoes were-- 

" Te C-ru," about U) ft. long : 

" Jduritai." W ft. long ; " Whata- 

whata," 30 ft. long ; and " Wai- 

apu," about 42 ft. in length and 

4 ft. beam. The " Whatawhata" 

a-as brought down b m Koriniti 

(~orinth); one of the Wanganui 

riverside settlements; the " Wair- 

I-- 

pu " came from hnana (Loudon), 

THE '' HONGI.'' hjor Kemp's old home. This 

" Waiapu" was the beanriest and 

most seaworth? - looKing of the 

river fleet. The Maoris at Putiki Settlement were areustonled to paddle out in her 

beyond the bar of the mouth of the Wanpnui on fishing espeditions. 

So it was quite a complete little Jdaori town-this h-te-uru, with its carved 

houses aud its mat-garbed people, its defence-works, and its fleet of canoes, sittiq on 

its water-front : aud for months it was a source of interest and amusement to thousands 

of visitors. 

When the EYhibitiou op~led the 'c-e was occupied by nearly %kt\- Xatives 

from wangs~~ui and Rotorua, includi~v the aaificers who had carved aud co~~structed 

the pa. These people, assisted by a few belonging to other tribes. danced Lab and 

performed pois daily for several weeh, and welcomed His Excelle~lcy the Goven~or 

(Lord Pluuket), Sir John Gorst (Special Commissioner from the British Government), 

the Cabinet Minister , the Exhib~tion Commissioners, and other distingghed visitors. 

and also wannly greeted in Xaori fashion the visiting Xatives from the Cooh- Group. 

Niue, and the Fiji Islands. 

To\\.ards Christmas of 1906, Captain Girt Wu arrived with a large party of 

Ara\ra Xat ves from the Rotom and surrounding districts, the pick of the hh-dancers

SEW ZEALAJP E-XHIBITIOS. 

and poi-girls of that celebrated tribe. The pa* numbered fift;r-six men and tiwen*two 

young women. The men included several chiefs, such as Xta Taupopoki, of the 

Whakarewarewa geyser-ralle~, Taranabri, and the tohu~ga Tutanelrai, a descendant 

of the famous Tutaneliai of Mokoia Island, the lover of Hinemoa. 

The girls were led b~ Bella Reretupou and Maggie 

Papahura, the well-hmown half-caste guides at Whakarewarenrr. 

These people provided some splendid dance-and-song entertainments 

in the village-,oreen. Particularly interesting was 

the quaint " canoe-pi " as sung and acted b?- Maggie's welltrained 

troupe. 

At the end of January t.hirty Pu'atives from Putiki and 

other lower Wanpnui settlements arrived under Wikitoria 

Kepa (Tictoria Kemp), the daughter of the late Major Kepa 

te Raqihiwinui, and Taliarangi Mete Kin@. The ,&ls of this 

party gave pis and sang beautiful part-songs ; they were 

led by their teachers from Putilri Won School, Xias Hera 

Sterlb and Miss Nangu Tahana. 

A par@ of young girls, mostly of the Waqnui tribes, 

from the Presb.&n Maori GuW College at TuraLina, paid 

the pa two visits under their principal, Mr. Hamilton, and 

contributed their quota of pretty action-sonp, pis, and part- b, . . 

song. 

In February and March two large parties of the X~tikahunpnu 

Tribe, of Hawk's Bay, numbering near]? two 

hundred, occupied the pa in turn. Theie tribesmen were of T~T~SEK.\I. OF limanA. 

particnlarly fine ph--que, and trod the dancing-,mund like 

warriors of old in their martial LaXa and tdu-lcaccccrc. Their 

principal chiefs were Yohi te Ata-hikoia and 

Pene te ra -mai-rang. During their reside~lce 

in the pa the? engaged in a nlock battle 1y 

night with the white 1-olunteers, and defended 

an entrenchment ; and on another ocrasion 

a mimic attack was nmde by canoe - creu-s 

approaching across the lake and vipmudy 

assailing the spearsnien in the \\-atersidtstockade. 

\mile the Arawa Maoris were engaged in 

erecting the pa in October, Raiha, the n-ife of 

one of the carvers, Ranpu-henua? gave birth 

to a child. This little girl was a soun.t? of 

grleat interest to both Maoris and paliehas, and 

a sum of money was raised for her benefit. 

On the 14th December, just before these carvers 

departed for their northern homes, the 

bab~ was christened on the rillage tnarare by 

A ?iIu~~c LICEL x-ITH TAIAIUS. Bishop Julius, assisted br Hemana Taranui, 

T~ ~rogihiroa (D~. pem BU*) i. the m ,e chief of the h'gatipiljao at Maketu, Bay. of 

tbe left of the piotnra Plentp, who is a Native lay-reader. She was 

very fittingly baptized with the name of Arrrite-uru, 

the name of the pa. This little ceremony, in its unique smundings, was 

witnessed b? a large number of Maoris and Europeans. 

The Hon. James Carroll, Kative Minister, who had been delay.ed b;r serious illness

in Wellington, paid his first visit to the pa on the 14th April, and was warmly received 

with dances and songs of greeting, and speeches by the ranqdiras Potango, Tuta Xhoniho, 

Tarauaki, Te Rangihkm (Dr. Buck), and Hone hka. Addressing the Natives, 

5Lr. Carroll complimented them on their pa ; " We, the Maoris, have little left," he said. 

c6 but it is a h to have a fortified pa. Remember the proverb of pour ancestors, 

' The house bdt out in the open is food for the flames, but the carved house in a 

fortified pa is the sign of a chief.' " 

Amongst the handicrafts in which the %ris employed thedlves in the pa was 

the ancient art of weaving flag and feather mats or cloaks. One particularly tine specimen 

of a hhu-kiwi, or mat of kiwi (aptnyz) feathers-the feathers are woven or stitched 

on the outside of a soft flax fabric-was made by Tiria Hori, a young woman of the 

,Vgatituera Tribe, from Pukerimu, on the Wanganui Rimr. This beautiful cbah- was 

ornamented with a handsome border of the pattern known as taniko: the dres used 

were made from the bark of native trees--the toat08 for the red tolo-, and the 

narekau for the black 

Perhaps more muld have been done in the way of practical illustrations of ancient 

Jlaori handicrafts. An interesting primitive industry, for instance, would have been 

that of the L r i greenstone workers. The shaping and ,orinding of weapons and 

ornanlents from blocks of pounamu was probably the most ditlicnlt art mastered by the 

New Zesland Natives of former d a The ~ various s t . of greenstone-working could 

have been shown, from the commencement on the mngh slab or block to the polishing 

and 6nishing of the beautiful mere, til-i, and wh&, that are the Jdsori's most vaIued 

tressures and tribal 

heirloomti. The use 

of the pirori or flint- 

I $~zi~~3es~ 

bored in the handmere 

and neck and esr 

ornaments, would. had 

it been shown, have 

been particularly interesting 

to visitors. 

The art of making and

manipulating the pirori has not yet been quite forgotten by the older generation of 

Maoris. 

For the visiting Maoris the pa had its educational advantages. Not only did the 

difEarent tribes benefit b~ ~tnesbg each other's competitions and mmonies, and 

by the interchanging of ideas and information. but they were also given an excellent 

lesson in hygiene. the^ learned the necessit;' for ventilation in houses and for cleanliness 

in all respects. For this the credit is due to Dr. Te psngihiroa, the pang Maori 

tohunga of the pa. 

The turnsti!e at the entrance of the pa recded a total attendance of over sisty 

thansand people. 

THE POI-D~CEBS AXD THEIR SOTJOS. 

Sometimes the lpois of the visiting tribes were danced to the music of an accordion 

or a mouth-organ somewhere in the rear, plaw a plaintive little air, haunting in its 

frequent repetitions, and often to the aoeompaniment of a song only, chanted by the 

leader. The dancers delighted in dresses of bright colours, and in their hair they wore 

\Ate feathers, sometimes albatross-feathers in bunches of three, after the olden headdress 

fashion of Maori chieftainesses. 

Perhaps the most renlarhble of the poi-dances were those given by the Ngathhunpnu 

@Is from the Hawke's 33a~ District. These dances were led by a woman of the 

Sgarauru Tribe, South Taranalri. who hsd mamed into Ngatikahuny and she introduced 

as an accompaniment to the movements of the pi the ringing rhythmic incantations 

of her people, the old, old hr&, handed down through Inany centuries. These 

ancient pagan charm-songs are sung to this bp the poi-dancers in the historic 

town of Parihalia ; they are wild and high, and give a barbaric touch to the poetic poi. 

The most interesting of these ISpraurn chants to which the Kahungunu girls twirled their 

pi-balls was the following; it is the canoe-song of Turi, the great ancestor of the 

Taranak tribes, who arrived on these shores six centuries ago in his v&hg-canoe the 

" Aotea," after a perilous lVoyage across the Great-Ocean-of-Kim from the South Ses isle 

of Ramtea, in the Society Group.

336 OFFIC'ULL RECORD 

So chanted Tds descendant-chieftainess the Epic of the Paddle, with which 

" Aotea'a -' captain animated his crew of adventurous brown sailormen :- 

KO Aotea te wake, 

KO Turi tanggta Id m, 

KO te Rokus-whiti te hoe. 

Piri pya te hoe ! 

Awhi papa te he: ! 

Toita re hoe ! 

Toirere te hoe ! 

Toi mahuta te hoe ! 

Toi kapakapn te hoe 

Kai mnga te rangi 

KO te hoe nawai ? 

KO te hoe na te Kahu-nunni ; 

KO te hoe nawni ? 

Te hoe na te Kahu-roma 

KO te hoe nnwai ? 

KO te hoe no Rangi-nui-etu-nd. 

Tena te walia, 

Ka tau ki Tipna-o-te-Rnngi. 

Ki Tnwhto-o-te-Rangi. 

Nga turnnga wbtu o Rehlm 

Eapni nke an 

I te kakau o taku hoe. 

I te Rok~-o.~hiti. 

Whiti ptato. rere lmtata. 

Mama ptnto. 

Te rirlranga. te hirpainga. 

Te komotanga, te kumenga, 

Te riponen. te a p r 

-1 te p~teh~~tanga 

TEE SONG OF THE AOTEA CLVOE. 

0 te wai o tdsu hoe nei. 

Kei te rangi. hikitia ! 

Kei te rangi, hapainga, 

Kei te aweawe nui no Tu. 

Tena te nra ka totohe nui. 

KO te an o tenei Mki. 

KO te ara o tenei matun iwi, 

KO te ma o Rangi-nai-e-tu-mi. 

Ngnaha te kakau o taku hoe arr. 

KO Knutu-fri-te-Rangi. 

Ki te ran$. hikitia ; 

Ei te rangi. hapainga ; 

Ki te mngi tutorona att~, 

Ki te nu@ tutorona mni. 

Ki te rnngi tu te ihi, 

Lii te rangi tu te koko, 

Tu te mma. tu te tapn. 

E t ap tenn te ara. 

Ka totohe te ara 

0 Tane-mntohe-noh~. 

Te am o Tame-miltohe rangi, 

KO te nra o te Kahu-nunui. 

KO te m o te Kthu-mmn. 

KO te nm o tenei -iki, 

KO te a m o tenei tnaira. 

Tawhi kin Rehun. 

Ki uta mai. te au maram%; 

E Ronpo-mi-Tane ! 

Wbaknirihin ! 

(Taissu~~os.) 

-anten is the C'snae. The swishin. the swirling eddies. 

.hd Turi is the Chief. 

The boiling white wnke 

The RO~II-o-whiti is t l Paddle. And the aprny thit flies from my piddle 1 

Behold my pnddle ! 

I& tqr the p~ddle to the sky nborr. 

It is Lid hy the cnnoe-sidp. To the ,*at erlm~se td TII. 

Held close to the cnnoe-side. 

There befurc IW lies our wenn-pa ti^. 

Now 'tis mid on high- the llnddle ! The 1~1th of rtrife nnd tttmult. 

Poised for the plunge-the pddle ! The pthwny of this chief. 

Xow we spring forward ! 

The dnnget-roirdwny of this crew; 

Now. it leap nnd flnshes-the pnddlc! Tk the md of the (:vat-Sky-above-w. 

It rlllirers like a bird's wing Here b my paddle. 

This p~ddle of mine ! 

Kautu-ki-te-ran$ ; 

This pnddle-whence enme it r To the hea~venr mi* it : 

It c-nme fmm the kinhtt-oanni. Tu the henrem lift it; 

From the Kaha-mmn. 

To the ski- fnr dmwn out. 

It came from the Great-Sliy-nhre-IL-. 

To the horizon thnt lies befcre 11s. 

Xow the corn of the canoe resta To the henrenu. sncred and mighty. 

On the Sncred Place of Herren, Before us lies our ccenn-way. 

The dwelliq of the Ancient Ones. 

The path of thii* sncred cnnoe. the child 

Beneath the stnr god Rehua's eye. 

(H Tnne, rho severed Earth from Sky. 

See ! I raise on high 

The path of the Kahrc-nunmi. the liahh-roc- 

The handle of my pnddie, 

The pthuay of this chief. thii priest. 

Tbr Rokus-whiti. 

In Rehua is our trust. 

I raise it-how it flies and Bash! Through him well reach the rand nf Tight. 

Ha ! the outward lift and the dashing. 0 Ronga-and-Tane ! 

The thmst in and the hnrkward sweep! \Ye raise our nfferings!

NEW ZEAUXD E~ITLOS. 

At ihe final word " W-ia ! " the dancers raised their tmirhq pi-balls above 

their heads at am's length ; this was in imitation of the olden custom of the priests 

in lifting up their first-fruits offeriya of a hmrra (sweet potato) to Rongo. the god of 

cultivated foods. Row-ma-Tane, sometimes spoken of as one deie but redly two 

individuals, ranked high in the Polynesian pantheon. Rehua, the god mentioned in 

the chant, dn-elt, according to mytholo@, iu the tenth or highest heaven: he wm a 

beneficent deity. Rehua is also the name of the star Sirius. 

21 Pox P~irronx~sc~ BY RMORUA WOXEX. 

In the pretty poi and part wngg of the Turakina and.qangnui ,his there was a 

softer touch. So~ne sere plaintive little love-ditties and 'hmeilts, such ire are to bc 

heard in any Maori vil!age, en3 n-hich br Frequent. repetition are knnn-n to old and 

- ~ou~lg alike. One n-hich is chanted and cmoned from end to encl of JfaoriLnd. with 

wine slight lora! T-ariations, is this. as sung hr the TuraLGla schoul~naids :- 

6' R~- 

HoIobihoki tonu ~uai te -a o te tau 

Iii te a&-Re* ki tewi kiri4! 

1 taahiti te aroh e pai ma e te tar. 

Te prunga ki te uma tnnmoe anp e te WII ! 

He moenga hmihuri te mwnp i ~rlrerept~ni. 

Hmi atu, hrui nrai ko au make. e te tan. 

He pikiaga tutonu te pilriw Ettb;8m; 

Sa te nmha b eke ki rn- ! 

&)&a ma e nlau luai to urn 

Jbbn i here b tino pi nu ! 

IS pinat L C e an ki te o (! wnha. 

! 

fii tc pine e kore nei e \reik~ma-G 

(TR~SLATIOX.) 

Oft the spirit of u~p love 

Retumq to me 

To embrace m Reiilan~l 

This form of mine. 

T!lo~tgh he away. I e m fonrlly 

Of thee, 

hrl a sweet pain b ever in 

JTy Iloeo~n, 0, my Love ! 

lnga "-the lhri lend of Jeprbxl spirits. In the poem it xuesns t.hc " Ian11 of Dreams.*' 

During- sleep the soul or spirit (nuirntrb is mppolictl to leave the Imiy and Bit to the ~~nclcruorld of 

the Bcqa : visions in chams am the spitits nf nnevs friillcb wen in the Rringa.


RsstlesR my couch within the d~cpnni; 

I this -y, that war, turn, I lonely lie. 

xr bTe. 

Far, fat above me are the 

Xountain-heights of Hutann, 

Yet will the power of love 

Gplift me then. 

For there art thou. 

Ah ! I see again the kerchief white 

Gpon thy breast. 

Tws I that tied it there. 

To make thee loot so fine. 

Ill pin thee to me 

With the pin of love, the pin 

Tlubt never mBts. 

bother love-chant, rich in the to~~chir~g imagery in which the mu1 of the &ori 

delihted, was the following pao or zraihla-aroha of the TnmL+ua seho01gkIs, led b;r 

3Iiss Sterling :- 

\Th&epuke!~ttke ai all-* ! 

Te mimatr i aliu ho. 

He rite lii te npan~ 

\%ti mai wnh-= ! 

Taku turanp ake 

I te taha o te wbiro, 

Kn titin, atu 

Ki te akuw~a-~ ! 

He amba tala1 hoa 

I hnri ai ki te moe. 

Hei hari atn 

Ki ran, Remga e te tau-4 

KO te rite i &u hnao 

Hi te pa korari ; 

Ka pupuhi tc hau, 

Ka meringi te wai-C! 

Po te rite i abau 

Kiternuotewiwi 

Eviairinei 

He nui no te amha+! 

I& a flood, ah me ! Loneiy I Btand 

The tears flow from mine eyes ; 

, Ry the aide of the willoars, 

They bmst li the ocean-wares '+wG P@ 

Brealring yonder on the shore. 

Z pon the long sea-strand. 

Ah me! Ahme! . 

. .

MY -ping eyes 

-h like the droolrily: flnz-ttowem : 

\Vhen the wind rustles them,. 

Down fall the honey-showem 

Ah me ! 

Ah ! Once lovc ans my eornpmion 

Wlaen I turned me to slnmber; 

It. was the spirit of my lore 

That joined me in the Land of DR~IUS. 

I am like unto 

The leaven of the wiwi-reed- 

Qt~irering. shakim. trembling 

With the strength of my love 

-UI me ! 

PU~'ASGO AND mS ~A~.GAWJI PO[-DANCERS. 

.~ld 

pet another. sully I)? the TunLcna girLs to a sweet and plaintive air, was the 

follo\ving po :- 

Hlra nt, e hi. 

He pine mnii to pine. 

Koin-a nei-i 

Ko tahi re marc ma4 :

quivering stretched arms 

And hod head I weep, 

And restledy tmn on 

My lone sleeping-mat. 


Swamp-stains on the feet 

Are washed dean in the stream, 

But the heart-stains of Ime 

For ever remain. 

Once I hoped, 0 maiden! 

I-om lore m'er would wane. 

Ah me! it has rnanhhed, 

But mine ceaseleesly bums ' 

Of a sterner sort were the war-dances and Adas of the men. Sharp, wild staccato 

chants gave time and spirit to the quick stamping of the feet, and the thrusting this 

war and that of \\-ooden spears and taiaias, the strange quivering of outstretched hands, 

and the grimacing and tongue-lollinp of the wamors. Sonle songs were specially corn- 

posed, but most were old war-chants, interspersed uith sov of ping. The great . 

1,-ar-song of the Taupo tribes, befinuing " r-u-uhi nlai te waero ! " was often raised : %gin 

the familiar " Ka mte, bra mate, Ira ora, Ba ora "--chant of peacemaking and welcome. 

-Another rousing dance-chant, in n-hich the veteran Sgatiprou chief Tnta h'ihoniho 

was fond of joining, was the historic and savage epi, with its barking chorus :- 

Kia htia ! 

Au-au ! 

ICia wherahia ! 

Au-nu ! 

Kia rere ah te kohlmr 

Ki tau-biti 

Titiro mai ai. 

Ae? ne. dne ! 

&Sqlweze dase ! 

du-a~ ! 

Spread out ! 

du-on ! 

Ah ! let the treacherous one 

Flee away into the distance. 

-hd turn and fearfully gaze at me, 

Yes. .yes. Awe! 

. .

Tuta might \tell be fadi with that song, or, rather, war-yell, for he and his kilted 

comrades of Xeatipomu chanted it in earnest dl together on one nie~norable occasion 

in 1871, ou thew last warpath in the wild Crew- coutq-, when they surprised and 

captured the rebel Kereopa, the arch-u~urderer of the missioniq Volliner. 

Some-stirring old sentinel-songs of barbaric dadan were revived on occasions. One 

still light when there was an u n d ? large gathering of tribespeople in the village 

the \Vawiui hapus, the Xgatikahungunn from Hawkeys Ek?, and members of other 

clans, Wqanui's active little aptsin, Potsnp, and the e~ep-haired chief Te K'a-mairan$ 

(" The Rain-from-Heaven "), of the 'Kahungunu, each mounted a watch-to\-, 

one in the inner and one in the outer pa, and with stentorian voices that carried far 

beyond the preciucts of the pa shouted defiance at each other as their fathers did in 

the olden da~, and chanted the ancient watch-songs which the sentries on guard in the 

pdara used to roll out into the meuing darkness on nights of danger. and particularly 

just in the dark shivery hour that precedes the dan-n-the hour when the enemfs 

attack --as most to be feared, Potangg, taicrka in hand. took post on the high inner 

phara overlookii the assemblage squatting: round the marae, and cried his .sentinel 

chant :- 

Tenei te in ! 

Tl~is is the fort. 

A-tenei te pa ! yes: this is the fort ! 

Tenei te ~>iwatawate. T k the high ~~~Ihdes, 

Te a h te huwhh mi. 

Bo~md with the forest vim%. 

KO mto Izo au. And here within am I. 

Ee! Ah ! 

Tern te prem mamu. 

Tetm mai nei. 

KO rot0 to aa. 

Ee ! 

See. yonder comes the moulting dtlrk 

(Crouching in the fern) ; 

It is running tow-ards me 

I'Tis the ster~lthy fa.) ; 

But here within am I. 

. Aha!

And from the angle-tower of the lakeside stockade came " The Ram-fronl-Heaven's " 

answering song, the old, old whahzzuraura-pa chant of the famous Rauparaha's Xga- 

tit08 warriors, a song composed on the far-away west coast of the Sorth Island, and 

beariq in its great ringing words men~ories of the surf-beaten coasts of Jiolrau and 

the lofty clifEls of South ICawhia :- 

IVhalraarahia ! 

Whakmnhia ! 

E tenei pa! 

E tern pa ! 

Kei apitia koe ki te tota 

Whakapuru tonu. 

W b b uru tonu 

Te tai & Harihari. 

Ka tangi tiere 

Te tai ki JZokau. 

Kaore h au 

E kimi am, 

E hahau ana. . - 

Inprpluim -' 

h ngs haloakoa, 

Ka ao mai te ra 

Ki tua. 

Ei-a ha-ha ! 

&is=, arise, 

0 soldiers of the fort ! 

Lest ye go down to death. 

Ifigh up, high up the thundering surf 

On Fhihari's cliffs resounds, 

And loud the wailing sea 

Beats on the Uohu coast. 

And hem am I. on pard, 

Seeldng, ==chins. peerine, 

As on those mcky crags 

The sea-hawk sits 

And watches for his prey. 

Soan will the sun 

Rise flaming o'er the rorkl! 

The IVa~rgnui Satives who visited thc pa from Putilii, Pipirilii. Parinui. and other 

river villages numbered about seventy. Potango M'aiata, of the Atihau Tribe, Pipi- 

rilii, was one of the most energetic cf the Wanganui Natives in the pa. Bare-footed 

and bare-legged, garmented in a h e kiwi-feather cloak, a flax waist-piupitt, his head 

decked Ath a broad plaited and coloured lhx tipare, and a feathered and can-ed taaa 

in his hand, he was trulr and picturesquely &ori as he ran along his lines of dancers, 

and led them in the huh or the war-dance.

34 OFFICIAL lE('ORL, 

This n-as olle of Putailgo's fa\-ourite w~-mu,g an old chant shouted by the sparsmen 

of \\'aupuui as the? leaped this wa? and that, aud thrust with their loug sharp 

lvil-i :-- 

Tan h tau Here we are 

Ki rot0 ki talc11 INI Wait' nit.h the fort. 

\llangnia mai n ~omexre*s food for you 

a ! H a tu ! (The point of the sl~ear) ! 

Hare te ! Ha ! That's it ! 

Hara ta ! T h t them through ! 

A tau ! And througb win ! 

Here is auother livel?- sol~g, ~ctoulpan~iag 

e halu of welcome dauced by the Wanpllui 

people to parties of visitors iron1 other trih 

arriviug in the village :- 

Hara mni ra 

E *a iai nei ! 

Kia kite koe 

I otlc he 

Kia kite kw 

I tat11 lulhiwita~va 

I te 310tu-talu~ 

Ki nta ra. 

A im-ha ! 

KO ngaa malit1111 

A tv iwi nci 

Ti~lial~ii~ ! 

Oh ! ire1eome. welcome, 

dl1 ye tribes ! 

Come and behold my faults; 

Come md see the burdens 

We have carried hither 

From the Sacd Island of 

the Sorth 

Behold illl the eras of OIIC 

racr 

;\n. trutldm~ 'neath urn feet 

Like this !

One of the most picturesque eveuts in the earls histoq- of the pa the \-isit paid to 

the Maoris on Friday, the 2nd Kovenlber. by His Es-llency the Go--uor, Lord Plunket, 

aecompuied by Lady Plwdcet. The 

Governor was met at the outer gate 

by the chief Tame Parata, M.H.R. for 

the South Island Maori District, Xeke 

Kapua (Te bran Tribe), Hori Pukehih 

(Wanpnui), and Tuta bihoniho 

(Xgatiporou). Within the gates the 

body of the people were on parade. 

the men with bare bodies and limbs, 

amed with spears and tiaiahas, and with 

their faces black - pencilled in spirals 

and other patterns in hitation of 

warriors' tattoo ; the n-onlel~ and ,&Is 

behind them. As the Gng's representative 

entered the gate the Maoris, 

n-aviug weapons and green branches, 

burst into that fine old chant of 

\\-elcome which likens a party of pests 

arriving to a canoe approachi~ig the SOVE .\TIILETIC HAKA-I)AXL'EBS. 

silore :- 

Ptmlett nlni te with ! 

.A toi~ mi~i te wi~b ! 

Ki te tmtnga. tr u-nkn ! 

Ki ate nlmga. te waht ! 

Ki te. tilliotoranga 

I t~lioto ai te wi~h. 

Haerr-mai ! Haere-mai ! 

Toin tc u.a& ki tc unlnPt. 

0 lutul 11 1 tln: c%tnw! ! 

I)mw ~tittrwn~ t11e mncw ! 

Tn the Lome-l~illnw-tl~at I:;IIIW. ! 

TII its rlwl~ingt-l~lnrc-that mcr I 

Tu thc resting-ldnm 

IVhere xlu~ll abide the crulm. 

O welcome ! 

Pull the canoe to tht, sltore. 

The Governor advanced slowly, the Maoris retreating before him until the gate 

of the h er pa was neared. Here the?- halted and lnced an excited &, telling as 

the? did so the old war-soug, " Kia hmtia, an-an ! " The Cook Islands:'-Natives now 

joined in the welcome in front of the carved meeting-house, and pted the \.ic:e-royal

visitors with one of their melodious chants and a dance. This over, the h r i wolueu 

and & advanced to the front, and gave a poi-dance. and speeches of welcome were 

madcby the chiefs. 

The tattooed veteran JIahutn te Toko first greeted the " Kawana " ; Xeke and 

puliehika followed; then Jdahutn recited in a high quick tone two ancient Xmakia 

or incantations, used in former days by his people at the launching of a new war-came 

or the opening of a new house or p, or similar important ceremony. There is a legend 

that the first was recited over the sacred stone axe with which the tree for the " Tainui " 

calloe a-as felled in far Haaxiilj the Maori's South Sea Fatherla~ld, sk hundred years 

w. The .second was, according to tradition used when the " Tainui " war hauled 

to the beach and launched for the voyag to Xew Zesland. The chant +u,- 

Toia Tuin~~i. Te -ham, 

Haul away the cmws Tuintu und Tc: 

Tnpotu ki tc monna. 

To float upon the wean 

>In wh~i e to ? 

1.110 will dm% them to the shore ? 

Mu \\hhtuu e to- \Vh&tau will Imtd them &. 

Aud the oft - sung chant of peace and pleasure, " Kir 

mate, Ira mate, ka ora. h om." concluded a cheerily 

vderous welcome. 

The Governor, addressing the Natives in reply (Dr. 

Te Rangihiroa interpreted), said, " I \relcome you, the 

%ori people assenlbled here. Welcome hnl the King ; 

the King that yon all love. When the King sent lne 

forth from England, he aslied me to watch over and 

help in any way possible the ancient race of the Maoris. 

It is pleasing to see here the 4Iaori and the white man 

standing together on this ,pat occasion in the history 

of Maorilaud. The sad, bad old da-n p gone, and 

we are now assenlbled together for happier purposey. 

I am glad to think that what hss often been saidthat 

the Mmri race is fading awvay-is not true. It S 

the hope of everq' one ul the ,peat En~pire to wvhkh 

voa belong that the Maori race d l increase. I wish 

*mu well, I hope that you m y have happy days here 

I will come from time to time and see how ?ou are 

progressing: 

I thank yon for pour welcome in my own 

name and m the name of His Xajesty the King, whom 

I represent. I wish FOU dl good things. Kia ora! 

(Ma? you live !) "

SE\V ZEAULD ESHIBITIOS.

Ou a subsequent occasio~l the Governor and party were taken for a paddle rmd 

the Titoria Lakelet in the large Wailrato canoe " TaheretiIritib" manned by a Maori 

crew. Potango and Turei, 

of Wanganui River7 were 

the hi-hau-tu or mptains 

and time -givers of the 

" Taheretikitihi." Potango, 

~8ViIlg his @dl% stood 

in the forepart of the au~oe, 

chanting a joenlar improvised 

ditty to give the to 

the paddle-strokes. h ,dy 

attired pakeha lady on the 

bank seemed to have meaught 

the aboriginal fancy, for 

this is what Potango the 

hau-tu ssng as he thrust 

his blade to one side and 

the other :- 

~OW, bow paddles, 

.All togethea. 

'Midships there, keep time, 

Stem pscllles, ail together. 

Sow -'re going along. 

-4. hs-ha ! 

There's a pretty girl yo1111tx 

Sitting on the bank. 

Ha - ha ! She 's smoothing 

tlo\m~ her gown. 

(Wlrat a han

in Maori, called " Te Pihoihoi Moliemoke i te Tumzui " (" The Ilonelp Sparrow on 

the Housetop "), as a counterblast to the Maori King's paper " Te Hokio;,'' conducted 

by Pam te Tuhi, who is still in the land of the living. Sir John was now revisiting 

the colony &r an absence of for@--three v: but. tho& absent so long and far 

advanced in pears, he retained a vivid rec~llection of, and great affection for, the Maori 

people, and he was genuinely delighted to find that he in turn was not forgotten by 

them. 

Sir John Go&, on his visit to the pa, was accompanied b~ Miss Goret, Captain 

Atkin (British Commissioner to the Exhibit;on), and &. and Yrs. Ramsay Maodonald. 

Sougs, wardances, hakm, pis. made up a trne Maori welcome. 

" Haere mai ! Haere lllsi ! " chanted the people of the pa a11 together as their 

pests entered ; it was the olden greeting sung to dors from distant lands,- 

Haere mi ! Haere mai ! 

E te manuhiri tummgi ! Welcome ! iVelrome ! 

Il'a taLu ptiki koe Strangers from the far horizon ! 

I tiki at11 ''has our dearest child tirat brought tl~ee, 

I te taha atu Drew thee from the distant places. 

0 te rangi Wkre the earth and haven meet. 

Khme mai ai Weleomr ! welcome ! 

Haere mai ! Haere mni ! 

Other loud-voiced slid ~arnl-hearted greetings followed. The old Waikato 11-arrior 

JIahutu te Toko. preriousl?- referred to. \ras particularly pleased to greet " Te Kolii " 

('. The Gorst ") again in the flesh, and sang so~lgs of the lirely old days \\-hen Sir John's 

Governnlent school-station was the solitary European foothold in the territo~ of the 

eat Wailiato tribes. One of the chants. too. that the old fellow recited in his crooning 

sing-song was a " Queenite " song as opposed to the '' Ki~igites." It was con~posed in 

1863, with special reference to " Te Kohi " and the Nangatawhiri River (a tributrrry 

of the lox-er Waikato). the frontier-line of those days. Thus sang old Nahutu :- 

Iioia. e Te Kohi. 

Purua i Nmgatawhiri, 

Iiia puts i ma pokohiwi. 

liio nhato-tau. 

E hi nam-i-4 ! 

This song-fragment was first sung. it is said, by the sister of Xajor \Tiremu te wheoro, 

the friendly Waikato chief. It enjoined " Te Kohi " to " block up " the Nangatawhiri 

-that is to say, to ~l~ake it a bamer-line or pale against the Kingitps. to prevent

OFFImL RECORD

them from going down to Suckland Town for the purpose of bn*g clothes and other 

Enropean commodities, so that their naked bodies might soon be seen protruding from 

their scanty Native gatmen*. 

Sir John, in thanking the people for their greetings, contrasted the present position 

of the Maori race with their unhappy conditions when he was last in New Zealand, when 

the white colonists and Natives were fast ddhg into a long and dkastmus war. 

On anather occasion Sir John and Gorst were amongst the occupants of the 

large Wailiato canoe '' Tahem&t&," when it was paddled round the Victoria Jakelet 

by a crew from the pa, to the lively chanting of canoe-songs by the kilted captains. 

On the 13th November. Sir John Gorst, in his turn (being about to leave the Exhibition 

City) entertained the Maoris and Cook-Islanders at a luncheon in the Alexandra 

Hall, at which about fo* Natives were present. Bfter lunch, Sir John, in proposing 

the toast of " The King," addressed the bris in their own tongue. " I welcome the 

Maoris to the feast of the Government of Great Britain," he said. '' Jittle is m\- recollection 

of the Maori language which I spoke in mr youth. But listen to mF imperfect 

words. perhaps my meaning will be clear. I left Nm Zealand a young man. I have 

been foe-three Feats in bglalld, and come back an old man. M? o!d friends are 

near]?- all dead-Tawbiao, Tlremu Tamihana. Tlremu te Wheoro. and Rewi Maniapoto. 

who drove me from Te Awa111utu. Only Patats te TUG who was once the editor of the 

' Hokioi.' came to greet me in Aucbdand. The reason of my coming is the Eshibitio~l 

to espress here in New Zeala~~d the thoughts of the British Government. Their wads 

to the Maori people are that their love is great. and they ail1 rejoice to learn that you 

are happy aud prosperous. Their words are like those of the Govenment of New Zerland 

of the Governor. and of Iiing Edward. They are llat new words ; they arc the 

words of my old papet the ' Pihoihoi Mokenioke.' The Governor greatly repets that, 

he could not himself be present at this feast. But the word of all of us to you is this : 

' Jang life ta the Maori people ! Msy the pakeha aud the Maori live together in this 

land in friendship and peace for ever ! ' Jet us all join together in wishing health to 

our King Edward. Cod save the Iiing ! " 

The King was cheered loyally by the Maoris and the Islanders. and after the toast a 

number of chiefs spoke words of greeting to Sir John, welcomhg him and Niss Gorst to 

the Jand of Greenstone. Te Heuheu Tub~o. the head chief of Taupo : Te Rawhiti, of 

Wailrato : Keke and Taranaki. of Rotorua; and Hori Pukehila. of Wanganui. wew 

the speechmakers. Te Heuheu iu his 

address ~nade reference to the d o k t 

thought ~JI the minds of the Maoristhat 

Te Kohi's white head reminded 

then1 of their fathers who had gone to 

the Reinga-land. " Salutatio~~" he said, 

"to you who were the friend of m? 

father and my people. You were their 

friend and ?on hew their minds. But 

now they have all gone. These Maoris 

before you are strangers. the^ belong 

to a younger generation. You dl not 

how them or have any recollection of 

them. The only means ym dl have 

of knowing us will be when it is pointed 

out to rou that this man or that man is 

the son of some chief or of some friend 

of pours in ?our younger days. Those 

of our chiefs who are left do not follow 

iu the ways of their forefathers."

352 OFVICIAL RECORD 

The Cook-Islanders. w~th their chief 3Wea Daniels, sang melodiously one of their 

South Sea chants. At the end of the speechmaking and the singing, Sir John and 

Gorst presented each man present with a tobacco-pipe, each woman with a workbox. 

and each child with a box of sweets-a thoughtful hale to a mullion that gave the 

invited Natives exceeding pleasure and food for hdl? memories.* 

The following remarks made by Sir John Garst a few weeks later. at AncldPnd, following on 

a tour through the Wahto and a visit to the Ygatibaua Sptimaniapoto, and Waihto Tribes. are 

worthy of mord es a thoughttul estimate of the Maori race and its present trestment and atus :- 

" New Zealand has the advantage, the peculiar advantage, of the presence of the Maori race. 

When I left New Zealand I left it in despair. the war was jrrrrt breaking out, and I thought the Jiaoris. 

to whom I was greatly attached. were doomed to extermination; but I have come back after forty 

yeam md find the mast generous spirit of sympathy on t.he part of the pakeha population for the 

Maoris. There is not a traee of the ill feelii which pnrailed in my time and culminated in the par wnr. I have spoken to peo1de d all classes of socittg in New Zealand. and find no trace whaterer 

of that feelii. On the other hand, amow the JIaoris themselres there is much more confidenee 

in the goodwill and justice and good feeling of theii white neighbours than there was in my time. 

With the mast benevolent intentions we could never get into the feelings of the Maoris, or get them 

to believe in the genuineness of what we were doing on their behalf-and you how a technical school 

wiu designed at Te Awamutu by Sir George Grey for the Maoris. and it was suppressed by violence 

by Rewi JIaniapta's people--and yet the rery same peo le received me with most extraordinary 

enthusiasm a few dap ap. In that UaMi question you %ape s question which is not completely 

.solved yet. but it is one in which you and your Government have a great o portunity. It is a verr 

ditindite a d very remarkable feature in your civilisation; then is not[@ liLs it in any othdr 

m~mrry in the world There am places where leas civilierd races have been reduced to a kind of 

~~tade. h~t there is no country in the world wbere the uncirilii race is treated on equal termx. 

;md where more justice and more consideration an? ehom to them. It is verg greatly to the credit 

of the colony and very grently to the credit of the people of Sew Zealand that they became a nation 

and rret an example to the world-which no people yet has imitated--of the unique pition of an 

uncid~ race living in perfect amity and equality with the cirilised race, and enjoying all tile 

advantam of eivilisi~tion."

THE COOK- ISLANDERS. 

JLaoBIs OF POLYNESI~. 

Lapped in perpetual summer lies a second IbodiwL 

Where the ripples of the blne lagoon ueam soft on silver strand. 

-F. w. ChmsTuX. 

Chanting their ear-ha~ting tuneful himma, and clattering away with a strange 

barbaric rhythm on their wooden drums, the brown Islanders from the Cook Group 

were day after day the centre of intensely interested groups, Ahoris as well as whites. 

One never ttired of listening to the delightful part-singing harmonies of these South 

Sea people., so Merent to the monotonous chant of the Maori. They were so very 

earnest too, these men and women of palm-clad Rmtonga, and Mangab, and Aitutaki, 

the men in a half-sailor kind of dress, with broad plaited Panama-like hats, and the 

women in the long gowns, falling straight from neck to foot, that all Polynesian dinm wear in public. There was never a smile on theiz brown faces as they danced their 

torch& danoes to the dimming of the p'u, and sang now like flutes, now like the 

notes of a guitar, and again " boomed " out the final chorus like a sweet and deep-toned 

bell. Singing and beating the drum of hollow wood, and dancing the ancient and not 

always graceful Ieland variety of the " aakewalk " might be their most serious occupation 

in life, so ahrbed were they in the hame and its quaint accompaniments. 

They brought with them an atmosphere of flowery tropic lands, did these dancing, 

singing people from New Zealand's South Sea dominione, the remotest outpost of the 

Empire. Thep were exotics, plainlp, as one saw when sharp winds blem-, for then they 

shivered like tropic birds blown astray on to bleak southern shores ; and the Exhibitio~~ 

City, where great white buildings reached to the e, where people were whirled along 

the street in lightning-cars, and where grew no cocoanut-palms nox any of the pleasant 

.Island fruits, was very strange and new to them The frilly, flowery-looking tropic 

wreaths of soft ribbon-like fibre-shavings, the Zei, with which they crowned their heads, 

their gorgeously patterned and flowered print waistcloths worn on special occasions, 

their soft and snowy tap bark-cloth garments, their primitive wooden drums GO\-ered 

at one end with shark-skin and beaten sometimes with sticks and sometin~es with the 

fingq their bright-hued fete-costnmes, all helped to give their little mcrrae, on the occasion 

of their public performances, something of the South Sea colour. They wen! but 

a small party-only twen@-six in all; but their vohune of singing was wonderful for 

such small numbers. Only the people of coral lands can sing as they sang. The nleu 

and women of Rarotonga, and Tahiti, and Samoa seem to have caught by generations 

of We in the tropics all the strange richness of the true voice of Nature. They have 

even taken the white man's dreary hymm and turned them into half-wild halfdreamy 

chants of barbaric days, with their high cadences, their sudden rises and falls, and their 

long drawn-out W " aue " s and " i" s and " e " s. Their songs have all the subtle 

tropic charm of the crying of the wild bid and the sighing of the wind in the palmtrees, 

the crashing roll of the surf on the outer reefs, and the soft crooning murmur of 

the inner waters on the quiet lagoon-shore. 

The visiting Natives from the Cook Group arrived in the &on pa on the dar before 

that on which the Exhibition opened. They had come up to Auckland by steamer from 

their Islands, thence down to Christchurch under the charge of Mr. H. Dunbar Johnson. 

one of the Judges of the Xew Zealand Native Land Court. From their ho~nes they 

brought their picturesque cloth-bark fete-dresses, native plaited-fibre hats, historic 

weapons, and the wooden drums and other native instmments of music on which the 

Polynesian loves to rattle out his Wagnerian harmonies. Thep came from three 

ishnds of the Cook GmupRarotonga, Mangab, and Aitutaki. They con.ted of the 

%Exhihidon.

llowing individuals: From Rarotonga-Make8 Daniels (chief), Tapnae and Tim 

(women), bna te Adci (Makes's brother), %ma (a bo~), and Xamia, -4iteiaa Iotia. 

Puka and T-au, Te hrilj Tauei and Tairo -(men) : from Mangab-Tangitoru 

(chief), Wimu, Tslriora, Te Kaa, &ta, R&u, and Oliaoka (two of these were 

women) ; from -~tut&i-~emaunga. Tiare. Pakii, Ilbsrin. Te Xata, and Papa (three 

men and three women). 

On their anid at the pa. the Islanders were welcomed with the usual hraw 

or welcomeeaU the loud greeting-song of the powhiri, with its accompaniment of 

waving of green branches the Maori women. and the hh by the men. Veq- appro- 

priately the JIaoris beckoned in their South Sea 0 0 ~ 

with the h e old greeting-song 

beginning " &a ! Toia mai te waka ! " (" Oh ! Haul up the canoe ! "), likening the 

arriving strangers to a canoe approaching the !ong-sought shore. Neke Kapua, the 

principal man amongst the hwa tribespeople then resident in the pa. welcomed the 

Islanden, in a speech. " Come ! come ! " he oried, as he walked to and fro grasping 

Eis feathered knaipi weapon ; " Come to us. and welcome ! For you have come from 

distant Swaiki, the corntry whence our anwstors came to these shores in the canoes 

* Tainui,' ' Te ,Amma,' Tokomam,' 

&taatns."' Then the Haoris, led 

by old Neke, leaped into the lively 

war - dance, and sang the vwp 

ancient griming-song- 

Ka mate, ka mete, 

Ka ora. Ira om, &. 

(Is it death, is it death ? 

So. 'tis life ! 't9 life !) 

The song ends aith the joyous 

declaration that "the sun shines 

. forth "-i.e, the suu of peace. Tbe 

visitors, led b~ their stout taciturnlooking 

chief Xakea Daniela, were 

&-en to the large carved house in 

the outer marae, and there, grouped 

in the porch, they sang their first 

song, an old and beautiful chant of 

-11 THE BIG m-n~msr. 

greeting, a'chant that. as \\-as remarM 

upon at the time. was in rather strong contrast to the fiercely barkecl 

dance-songs of the Maoris. 

One of the %listers of the Crown present at the Exhibition. the Hon. J. XcGowan 

(Minister in Charge of Island M~~Is)), who with 4Lr. Bishop ( W i 1 of the Maori 

Com~ittee) and Xr. A. Hamilton ofi.ially welcomed the \

and Xgatikahungnnu Tribes to New 2kdad-i~ honoured to-day in Ramtonga ; it i 

the ancient designation of a distaict in that island, and it also the name given to a 

100-ton sohooner, built by Native labour on the communal co-operstive principle at 

Ngatangiia Harbour, Bambnga, and owned by the Natives, a " home-made " craft 

that a feu- pears ago vovaged to AucIdand over the self-same ocean track that her 

famous namesake, with Tamateass adventurous crew of tup-garbed brown sailormen, 

had taken sis hundred pears before. A few yxrs ago, before stcam onsted cuds, when 

fleets of pht-We Island sohooners traded to the coral lands out of Ane,kland, the 

crews of these little fmit-clip were often mostly Soutb Sea men frommRarotonga 

and Aitntalci and Nine ; and good sailormen they were. As handlers of boats in surfs 

and other dangerom sea-ways, no white man can equal these Eatives. They are to be 

found all over the Pacific-born seamen and roving-men. Some of the Cook-Islanders, 

too. have for many pears owned and sailed their own little schooners. 

The islands of these Maoris-for the? call themselves by the same race-name as - 

their New Zealand kinsmen-mere annexed to Kew Zealand seven Fears ago. The. lie 

away up to the north-east ; the most important island, Rarotonga, is a little over 

1.600 miles from Buckland. The total Native population of h'ew Zealand's little South 

Sea kingdom (including and the northern islands) is a little over twelve thousand ; 

the resident white people number not more than a hundred and m. The Cook 

Group contains an area of 150 square miles: &he and the atolls outside thc Coob 

and under Sea Zealand's jurisdiction cover 130 squarc miles. In the Cook Group 

there are nine islands and islets, all with their immense natural breakwaters, the coral 

fringing reefs. Rsrotonga is the seat of Government of the Cook Archipelago, and the 

rentre of trade-a besntifd volcanic island with precipitous wooded basaltic peah

SEW ZfUULlun EXHIBITION. 

rising naly 3,000ft. abwe the ses. Rarotonga has an area of 16,500 wres, and a 

population of 2,100 Natives and about a hundred whites. Aitntaki is something under 

1,000 acres in area and is inhabited by 900 Maoris and hslf a dozen Europeans. 

Nmgaia, somewhat larger than htonga, has 1,500 Xatives and eight whites. 

The most interesting of all the Vieiting Islanders were probably the seven people 

from Mangaia. They brought with them, amongst other things, their curious ceremonial 

axes of stone, mounted on pyramidal pedestals perforated with many ruas or holes, as 

shown in the pictnre of the group. They are perhaps more conservative than any other 

Islanders in the Group, these Xangaians. Their ancient religion and their history and 

their clan-songs famished the major part of the material used in the Rev. Wyatt Gill's 

hvo classics of the South Seas, " Ypths and Songs of the South Pacific," and " Savage 

Life in Poltnesia." jliulgaia is a hilly island of upheaved coral. lath some very remarkable 

scenic features-amongst them beautiful stalactite caves and grottoes. sharp rocky 

pi~ulac.les. and cli@ heights : radiating fro111 the central heights to the sea are the 

pirturesque wooded taro-p!anted \-allevs n-atered bv little hill-born streams. Jhngaia 

was a~~c.ic~tt!y called duau (identical with the jlanle of Ahuahu Island, on the east coast 

of Xcw Zealand) ; it was not long before Captain James Cook's visit to the island in the 

" Resolution " in 1777 (the first time that a white man's ship was ever seen br these 

people) that it obtained its present name. which is in full " hgaia-Nui-Neneva " 

(" Mangaia Esceedingly Great ")-pretty good for a map-speck only about thirty miles 

in circumference. Tameu, a chief of Aitutaki. who reached the island in a sailingcanoe 

which had been driven out of its course. is said to have been the fist to confer

the usme upon it. The ancient and classic name of Aitutaki Wand should be of some 

interest to Nm Zealand West-Ckwtem ; it is A.ra'nra, which is identical with Atahura, 

the name of the greenstone-bearing river of W h d ; thii name was in all probabiity 

given to the river b;r a canoe immigrant from Aitutald, very likely the explorer 

Ngahue. 

Colonel W. E. Gudgeon, C.M.G., a Feteran of the Maori wars and an ex-Judge 

of the Native Land Comt, is the Kew Zealand Government Resident Codoner 

in the Cook Islands. His subordinate officers and Magistrates in charge of affairs at 

Hangah and ..Aitntaki are Major J. T. Large and &. J. C. Cameron. Colonel Gudgeon 

visited the Exhibition in Janutq, and was warmly received by the .Maoris at the pa, 

who greeted him as their kt4nMtun or elder, and the old comrade of their departed 

chiefs. 

To the Kew Zealand Maoris the bpa-cloth fete-dresses brought down ftom the 

Islands b~- the South Sea people were of interest, for the tupa was the clothing of their 

ancestors before they discovered the land of the Phormium tenaz. The Islanded 

tipu&q the garments covering the upper part of the body, with a slit for the head, were 

made from the hark of the paper-n~ulbeq tree or auk (hiup in Sa~age Island), which 

is beaten out by the women with wooden mallets on wooden lop until it is beautifully 

soft and fine. Gne of the prettiest of Polynesian folk-stories is the nature-mph of Ina 

and her tapmaliing. Ina, 8ccodiq to the Ramtonp legend, is the woman in the 

moon ; she is the wife of Narama, the Moon-god. She is an industrious wife, aha-ys 

leatiq out tap or hanging it np in celestial regions to %leach. The white clouds of 

the sky are the bleaching tap ; the beautiful bark-cloth garments when finished glisten 

like the sun. When Ins's tap-beating stones fall they cause thunder. and when 

. .

To the Islanders these sounds have their imitative onomatopoeics, their regular beating 

and tapping-out of - 

Tingiriqingiri 

R.n,-rang- 

Anangiro 

m-mngi-ti 

To the Polynesisn ear it irl the " apt alliteration " of the Voice of the Drum. 

dmongst the action-songs and posture-dances of the Islanders some were interesting 

as being based on ancient mythological beliefs. The most remarkable of these mas the 

performance of the '$ Ztqfsonp," for the separation of the Sky-Father and Earth- 

Mother bp their children-a ~a&e legend heard amongst every branch of the Poly- 

neYian mce, from Se\v Zeala~ld to the Hamiiarh Islands. drnd with their ,big barbed 

apeaft of ironwood, the Islanders hnitsted, with many a heave and-thrust, the levering 

away of Ran& the Sh?, fromlllEnua. the Earth, on which it once lay close, and the propping 

of it up aloft so that nun night have freedom and for ever onwards. This. 

was the incantation chorus the!- swig, ta the pantomimic heaving-action and .the rattle 

of the \vd-orchestra-the Aitutaki song for the herculean Ru-te-Toko-RRngi (Ru, 

the Ski-lifter), who was the oiispxing of lbgi and Tea (Light) :- 

Kii am mai koia Ito Ru-tab-nnku. Sing we of RII-taki-nuh, . 

Koie takotolra o te Rangi-i-i! Whose mighty ahtngth the Hea~eni, 

RaroLiae te Rangi--e ! ;Ind ever fixed on high.

E taurmakbteR.ngi-e! 

Koia Tokotoko a ia i te Rmgi--e ! 

Kua peke te Fbngi 

E te tini atua o Iti-e ! 


Hence is he called 

The Propper-of-the-Sky. 

The heavems are heaved afar aloft 

By Iti's myriad deities. 

'.The many gods of Iti" (-'Te tini atno o Iti") were called upon by Rn, the Sky- 

'lifter, to a ~d him in his great task. Iti, or Whit., refers perhaps to Tahiti, or Fiji, 

or more probably to a Ha-- Fatherland far more remote. 

Thischant ap@d with pemh interest to the New Zealand %oris, who quiddy 

~icked up the words and time-actions, and ,patly amused their fellom at night by 

imitating the capers, the drumming. and the singing of the Island men and women 

in this and similar performances. The "lifting song" was rehearsed in camp by a 

party of Xgarauru Natives from Whennahana and Waitotara, on the west coast of the 

North Island, who afterarsrds performed it on the tom-murae at Parihaka, the home 

of the Prophet of the Mountain, the venerable Te Whitti, to the diversion and admiration 

of Taranaki. Another also learned and sung by these Maorisriswas a pret@ h- 

tsti poem-went, frequently sung by the Islanders, begimiq- 

Anwe te pus o te inano-e! 

This song %mi a modern oue compd at Aitutalii, likening the gay d w of 

Island !a&- to the beaatifnl ~~OSSO~S of the pus ( P ~ W &cr&&na), 8 floweringtree 

common in the Cook and Snciee Islands, and to other Island flowers. 

Before leaving the pa on their return trip to the h h Islands, the chief of the 

Xalqaia part?, Tangitom, formally offered the Maoris of New Zealand, as a token of 

friendship and Kihip Ween the two peoples, a piece of land of his own on the shorn 

of Maqaia, about two acres in extent. This, if accepted, would a1wa.w be held b~ thc 

Maori people as a lcr~ramp or landiug-place, and any Xem- Zealand Maori visitink the 

island would have a right to ede on the land. The Islanders were anxious that their 

New- Zealand friends should pay them a return isi it. The Maoris in the pa, in an 

address to their departing friends, accepted the khdb _$t of land from Tangitmu, and, 

Iming asked to rename the spot, they bestowed up011 it the title of " Te Kob-L- 

Xiu-Tireni" (The Pmseut to Sen Zeala11d). A pleasant finale to an interesting and 

historic racial uuion. 

THE SIUEISLISDEHS 

The Xative visiting from Pr'iue, or Savage Island, numbered seven : three men, ' 

three women. and a child, of whom the principal man was Frank Fatasih-i, son of the 

late King of that island. The Niue people occupied a little liaii of their own in the 

rnmpouud alongaide the Maori pa allotted to the Island tribes. Beii so few in n-bm, 

they did not give any public performances, but they occupied themselves in building 

a typical Kine thatched dwebg with 1118tmkl brought from their distant home, 

and in making various articles representative of the industria of the island. Niue 

is celebrated throughout the Pacific for its beautiful hats plaited out of the fibm of 

the fa plant (screw-pine), and for its pretty fans of riui021~ designs ; these and model 

outrigger canoes, &c., were made by the Islanders, and placed for sale in the Cook 

Islands Court in the Exhibition. 

. .

These Nine people cam a long way. Their island, 1.- all by itself, is about 

l,.MO miles north-east from Auckland in a stmight line, but to reach Mew Zealand they 

had first to voyage to Tonga (Friendly Islends) in a schooner, and there take passage 

in the Gnion Company's steamer " Atna " for Aucliland. On their amval at Port 

Lytte.lton they were met by Mr. Biiop, S.X., the W i n of the bri Con11nittee, 

Mr. Mdhgor, and ~everal people from the pa, and on their entry into the village ntmae 

they were welcomed with speech and song by the Maoris and Ramtongam. 

W- European dress, the Niueans were thronghly civilised-lookii- hideed, 

they are a far remove from their fierce ancestors, who attacked all white people attempting 

to land on their shores. The name of " Sarage Island," now a misnomer, was well 

earned in the past. The Islanders strongl~ disapproved of the whites or papa-lu~. 

c liter all^ " Ireakm-through-the-* "). Captain Cook, who discovered the island in 

1774, in the "h1ution," made friendly overtures to the Natives, who answered with 

menaces of the utmost femci* : " all endeavours to bring them to a parley were of no 

purpose, for they advanced with the ferocie of wild boars, and threw their darts." 

One of the ~pesrs thrown narrowly missed Cook bimself. The men were naked save 

for a waistcloth : they carried 8peanr, and clubs, and dings ; many of them had their 

bodies partly painted black. Little wonder, therefore, that Cook as he sailed away 

named the place Savage Island. John Wdiiams, the missionary pioneer, had an equ$l?unfriendly 

reception when he visited the " Isle of Savages " fiftysix pears later in thc 

little schooner "Messenger of P-" It was 1848 before the emissaries of the 

Chish missions got a footing on Niue. 

The island itself is the largest in New- Zealads tropic poasessio~ls ; a solitary 

~nass of upheaved coral, about ft. in height, and densely \vooded. It hsti an am 

of about a hundred square miles, and a Pu'ative population of 4,300, more near]?- allied 

perhaps to the Ton,- and Slrmoaas than to the Cook-Islanders, from whom the\are 

separated b,\- six hundred miles of ocean. It is a fertile, productive island, but ik 

sadbeaten shores are without a harbour, and it is out of the track of the reggar Ishnd 

steamers On its long, irreCRularf fringing reefs and on the bold sea-worn cl& the ,peat 

inswell of the Pacific, rolling before the strong south& trades, continually thunders. 

and tlings sk~wards clouds of spray. Landn-ards through the sea-born mist the voyager 

sees forests of tall cocoanuts waving their long feathq fronds in the wind ; the white 

houses of the island people are hidden from view by the tropical vegetation. The 

Ratives lire in eleven villages, which are veF clannish, like the rival districts of Samoa. 

hi the old days these villages " took it out *' of each other with club and spear ; nowada-y, 

+-y highly civiked, they make it wam~ for one another in the way of commercial 

compebtaon, and in outdoing each other in the annual contributions to the London 

-3Eionary Societ?-. There is a Ken- Zealand Government Resident Commissioner 

(Mr. H. G. Cornwall) on Kine. The principal commercial hldustries of the Katives 

are copra-making, cottoll and fun,g gathering, and hat-making. The? make. too. very 

fine tap-cloth, or iiapo as it is called on Niue. The mallets of the cloth-beaters are daily 

heard on the beach, as the patiently pound awar at the bark of the " clothtree" 

: then, after bleaching, the hiap is taken up on to the shad? village-,px~ls, aud 

all sorts of intricate and tasteful designs (many of them pictures of tree-foliage) are 

traced on its clean white surface with the indelible pigments obtained from the caadlenut. 

Some good specinlens of this Native cloth were shonn in the Cook Islands 

Court. 

Ihuing the stay of the Niue-Islanders in the Exhibition pa, one of their number, 

the wife of Frank Fataaiki, gave birth to a son-the second Kative child born within 

the walls of " Arai-te-mu."

THE FUI-ISLASDERS-FIRE-WALKERS &\?) THEIK CEREJIOX-. 

For Eshibition visitors the party of Xatives of the Fiji Islands who spent a considerable 

time in camp had an enthralling interest. The very name of Fiji-the 

" Feejee " of the old South Sea vopage~~-had a fascination ; it carried a medley of 

suggestions: visions of coral reefs and palmy isles, shark-haunted d and cab 

blue lagoons, great sugar-cane plantations, Hindoo coolie cane-cutters, banam and 

&he-&-mer, canoes and cocoanuts, fuzzy-- Island men, bronze-skinned 

beauties, missionaries, and cannibals. For Fiji was once the veritable Cannibal Land, 

the land of " Hokey-pokey-winb-y-wum," where the terrific savage ate "&st a finger 

and then the thumb," and where old Thaliombau \\-as in truth the " King of the Cannibal 

Islands." " Long-pig" was eaten in Fiji 10% after the Maoris of Xem* Zeabnd 

discontinned its consu~ption--in fact, up to within quite recent ye-.* The Islandea 

of the Group were the most ferocious in the Pa&c, as witness a score of nauatives, from 

the Chevalier Peter Dillon up to the latest Fiji writer, the Rev. Lorimer Fin. Nowadays 

they are tame by virtue of British rule, and profess 

the Christian religion in a variety of forms. They number 

about 86,wnearly twice as many as our SIaoris-but they 

are decreasing. One thing they have been suffered to retain, 

and that is their o!den Xstive costume, airy and picturesque. 

Contrasted with the Rarotonga Xatives, who even in the 

dances clung with ridiculous persistellcy to the trousers of 

the paleface and who wear a half-sailor wiiorn~. the Fijiam 

at the Eshibition were simple, natural, and withal artistic 

in their bare legs, their white kilts, and their garlands and 

waist-law. Their ,pat heads of hair, their stern-set faces. 

their necklaces of boars' teeth, their knobbed club, and 

their barbed spears gave a Ijarbaric "tang" to their public 

appearances ; and, above all, their strange and ancient semireligious 

cerei~~ony, the siuplar rite of fire-walking, won for 

them a very high degree of public interest and curiosity. 

This was the first occasioll in which the fanlous Fire-walkers 

of Benga had ever ventured outside the h~ulds of their little 

South Sea archipelago, and it was not u-ithout wnle IIUSgivings 

that the simple-hearted Islanden, not yet free hnl 

the old heathen supentit:ons--though ,pod 1Yeslepatls by 

A F , 

profession--sailed across the great ocean to a distant and 

nlpsterious white n~r~is land, a far more \vonderful land 

than they ever dreamed to see. 

The Fijian %ti\-es \\-hu, at the request of the Euhibition authorities and with the 

~wr~uissiou of the Go\-ernor of Fiji Sir Everard ill1 Thunl, were perniitted to visit ?iew 

Zealand, nunlheretl fift~--one men--he stalwart Eellons. athletic. agile, and skilled 

in their ancestral dances, and songs, and ceremonies. They came in two parties. The 

tirst numbered tn-cut?--fi\-e, from various islands of the Group. under the charge of Mr. 

W. A. Scott, .=-itant Sative Commissioner of Fiji : they arrived in Christrhurch on 

the 15th Xovenlber. built a large Xative thatched house in an enclosure ill the Exhibi- 

Even es late as 1894 savage pnrctiees m e mvid by a wild moantoin tribe in the interior of 

hnua Levu. the largest island of the Fiji Group. d Government armed force sent agsinet these rebels 

found evidence of acts of csnnibslism ma1 of human ssccifiee to the heathen gods. the tmoro (dwib) 

rs they sre called nowadays.

tion gro~~ds, danced their fan. and club, and spear dances, and made the htw drink of 

hospitali* for their visitors. Their chief was a handsome and digdied Native o 5 ~ , 

Ratu Ifereimi, a he figure 111 his white military jacket and his white scalloped w& 

to-knee Mt. The other men wore on arrival dark-blue umiforms, with scarlet-cloth 

Uta, but the? atripped to the waist-garment of native fibre for their dances. They 

&ed as weapons long barbed spears and heav wooden clubs. 

The second party, who amd at L-elton a steamer " Eauroto " on the 13th 

December from Suva, mk Wellington, consisted of twenty-six fire-walkers of the Lcawau 

Tribe, of Benga, a little island which has from time imn~emonal been the home of the 

m.+c rites of the vilaoila-i-recv. These men, numbering all hut two of the firewalking 

experts of Benga, were under the charge of Mr. A M. Duncan, of Suva. Their 

head-man M-as Kalebi (hleb), who was the buli or chief of the Sswau district. (Bew 

is spelled " Beqa " in Fiji, but as a guide to pronunciation it is preferable to spell -it 

" Beup.") It is a snlall island Iring off the muth coast of Yiti h ~w, the k~gest islut~d 

of the Group, aud is about twenty-four miles from Suva, the capital of Fiji. The oldest 

and lllost experienced fire-\vallrer xss a nm nanied Titus, abut 6% years of age ; the 

.mungest was twenipfour or tn-eilt?--five. Old Titus had been fire-waking for fo* 

~~ and, ss Mr. h a 1 1 said to a questioner. " still wears the same pair of feet." 

They brought with them from Fiji a quantity of stones from the historic &wallriug 

ground at Benga for the oven or h, a quantie of mots of the masan-e or k m 

(somewhat &dar to our Xew Zealand ti, or cabbage-tree), the esculent dalo (" taro " 

in hri), and IXWXXUIU~~ ; these foods are eaten after the sweet nmwe-roots are Wed 

in the sacred oven. Camanat-lea~es were also brought for bdhg the fire, andnative 

poles and forest creepers for use in preparing the glowing oven for the fire-walk act. 

Four performances of iire-wdkhg were given by the men of Beq on the Exhibition 

Sports Ground ; the first on the 17th December, before large crowds of intend?

interested spectators. h committee of Sew Zealand scientists, specially invited to 

attend, were given opportanities of observing the ceremouies, and of investigating the 

conditions under which the fire-a-alking was done. These scientific observers included 

Professor H. B. Kirk (Professor of Biology at Victoria College, Welli~lgton), Professor 

Warn (Chri&9~urch), Drs. Evm and Chilton (Christchurch), and Professor Benham 

(Dunedin). Keenly and closely as they watched, however, they failed to e98ct.l~ 

solve the mystery of the lire-d-, which has pded scientists all over the worldthe 

reason ~f the Natives' imniunity from burning when walking on the @oning stones. 

" &\-age magic " it has been called by some ; and a variety of hypotheses have beelk 

advanced to explain the feat, but none are entirely satisfactory, and the rite of the Oveu 

of Benga still remains to a huge extcnt a mystery. 

Though uot one of the regular fire-walkers, Ratu Ifereimi, the chief of 3Ir. Scott's 

coatingent of Fijians, also mdced across the hot stones, and received no hurt. The 

explanation was that Ifereimi 

\vasIalso of the trihe of the firea.allrers, 

though, owing to his 

high rank, be does not ordinarily 

take part in the rite. 

The legend of the origin of the 

fire-wakg ceremony, a told by 

the Fijians, is this : In ancient 

days there lived in the village of 

Navakaisese, in the district of 

the Sawau Tribe, Benga (Beqa) 

Island, a famous story-teller 

named Dredre (pronounced 

" Drendray "), to hear whom 

the people would arisemble night 

after night in the large hre or 

village-hall. The villagers ill 

turn gave presents to Dredre in 

return for his thrilling war-epics 

and fairy-tales. The chief Tui- 

Ngalita, went out to seek some 

reward for his court stor?--teller, 

and sought to capture an enormous 

eel whose haunt he alone 

hew. But the eel was not there, and NgaliAh, probing about in the hole in which the eel 

was geuedy to be seen, suddenly to his astonishment grasped a human hand. Hauling 

away with all his strength. he presently drew out to the light of day a trembling dwarf, 

who sat down and clapped his hands to show respect to the chief, after the fashion of the 

Fijian. He implored Ngalita not to liill him. " Spare me," he cried, " I am a god, 

and \rill nlalie you so strong in war that none shall withstand you." " Oh ! but." replied 

Xgialita, " I am already stronger in war than anybody else, and I fear no one." " Well. 

theu," said the dwarf, whose name was Tui-Hamoliaaai. "I will malie your canoe the 

fastest to sail on these seas, and none shall come up with it." " But." replied XgaLta, 

"as it is, no one can pass my canoe." " Then," rejoined the other, " I will mske you 

a great favourite among women, so that aU will fall in love with you." " Not so," said 

Ngalii, I have one wife, of whom I an very fond, and I desire no other." Poor 

Xamoliwai then made other offers, which were also rejected. The chief a~ounced 

that he would club him, and have his body cooked as a feast for Dredre. Namoliwai's 

cha~lces of life were fa3t fading when he made a ha1 effort. " Oh chief ! if you will 

.

spare me I will so cause it that you and pour descendants shall henceforth walk through 

fiery ovens unharmed. In after-time the people of pour village will become famous 

for their baliing of the roots of the masawe [the dracma, which has a suedent root. 

sometimes used for food]. I d endow yon and pour people with power to enter the 

great oven in which the roots are cooked, end to walk therein without hurt." Tni- 

Ngalits was i m p d by this promise, and, taking Namoliwai to the village, the 

experiment was made. A great oven was lighted, and when the live logs were removed 

the atones piled in it were all aglow. The dwarf, before the wondering eyes of the people, 

stepped into the white-hot oren, and welked nimbly to and fro, and after much persuasion 

Ngalita joined him, and to his amazement and delight waked upon the heated 

etones unhurt. b y of the people of Sewm followed him, and learned the mysteq 

of4the &&-i-tmo. From that day to this fhe~ have baked the masawe-rocvts in the 

oven in the fashion taught by h'amoIiwai, and Ngalita's descendants to this day pmtiw 

the wondrous art of the Hat-Stone-Walk on the famous little is!e of Benga. 

One could not help feeling: when watching the performance of the h-walkers. or. 

rather, " hot-stone walkers." that the proper place to witness such a ceremony is ~II its 

original home. The fuzzy-headed Islanders were there in gay barbaric dresses, chanting 

ancient songs and tap-tapping on their ancient wooden drums, and there was the 

veritable glowing oven of the oilawi!a-i-reuo ; but the South Sea atm0apher.e was wanting. 

To enter into the spirit of the ceremony one should see it under tropic skies and 

palm shadows awa? on the little isle of Benga, with the blazing blue sea beyond the 

fringing white beach. Such a performance is one indeed to stir the imagination in its 

appropriate environment, Ritb cmde of half-nude children of Nature. dark-browed

OFFICTAL RECORD 

. -

and mndrodp wai-bedizened, watching the olden rite fmm the shade of the woods. 

But transferred to a prosaic sporta ground in the white man's city in a fardistant 

country, what wonder that in some &peck3 it failed to give spectators that " sensational 

" impression for whichh mnnr of them l60lred ? 

As a spectacle, the hot-stone-walking act of the Benga men was h d y thrilling or 

exciting. - But to those who saw it and who had read anything of the stay of the &- 

&-i-revo of Fiji and the .ufnu-Ci of the folpesiana, there was something inexpressibly 

interesting in the survival to theee da-rs of'that most ancient of rites and ordeals, the 

ordeal by fire. .Ancient indeed it is, for we read of.it in the .Book of Daniel : \rsa it not 

Slikh Mqhach, and. Abed-nep .who perfomed - the ht..fire-waIk on -record in-the 

midst of the " burning - f i furnace ~ "-.? - A ceremonial which survives today, tam, in 

Japan, India, Mauritiii and on at least me Pol.mesian ihd-Raiatea, in tihe Socie* 

Group. 

. .. . . . . 

. . 

. . 

.. . . . - ..- -.- -. - . . .. . . 

RAKING TUE HOI STOKES, PBEPABATORY TO THC FIEE-w~~~~~~. In the arena of the sportg green was the great umu or loao, marked by a circular 

pile of stones, filling a shallow pit, in which a veq- hot wood fire had been burning for 

some hours. Br the side of the heated pile lay some stout poles, and a long, thick. 

snah~ liia of tree-creeper resembling the ah vines of the Wew Zealand forest. The 

use of these timbers was presmtly to be seen. 

-1 band of about a sore of Fiji-Islanders marched on to the ground, two abreast, 

their bare brown torsos shining with the cocoanut-oil with which they had liberally 

anointed $hemselve8 ; round their bodies .they wore fantastic kills, far more brightly 

coloured than any Highland tartan, made of the leaves of a tree like our ti or cabbagetree 

and coloured with Bative dyea ; and above tbis, again, they wore yards and pads 

of'tupa, or bark doth, b&hed up mid hilled in quite feminine fashion. In their huge 

heads of hair, some coloured a rich red with lime, one or two of the younger men wore 

red flowers, the geranium for choice-no doubt it reminded them of the beautifill

hybiscus of their far-awa~ home. One of them carried a Native hEi (drum) cut out of a 

log of ebony wood. After a march-round. the Islanders squatted down and sang, or, 

rather, crooned, songs to the accompaniment of swaying bodies, the clapping of hands. 

and the beating of the drwn. Then they jumped to their feet, and proceeded fa prepare 

the oven for their comrades, the walh-ers on fire. 

The spreading-out and levelling of the stones of the oven, in preparation for the 

great ad, occupied a quarter of an hour or a little more. It was a much more drabtic 

bit of work than the fire-walk itself. Eight or ten men stood round with long poles, 

most of these provided with loops or nooses at the end, made out of a forest vine. 

Others took hold of the big tree-creeper previously mentioned, and with the aid of this. 

the poles, and a long log laid acm the pile, the hot stones were gdmlly worked outwards 

and levelled down untilithey covered a circular area probably 20 ft. across. The 

burning logs which la? on and around the pile were hauled to one side, and the levellingdown 

process went on to the music of little songs and a vast amount of the Fiji equivalents 

for the white sailorman's " Yo-ho " and " Heave-away ! " The pole-men in 

their work forced the ends of their poles down between the stones, and that there was 

fire in the pile was soon proved by the burning tips of the poles and bp the flames leaping 

up amongst the stones from the burning wood underneath. 

The stones used in the oven had been bm*t from Fiji. However, in an efibi- 

tion of fire-walking given in Wellington some time afterwards, the Natives used stones 

procured from a quarry in the neighbornhood of Wellington City ; this was the 

occasion on which the inen of Benga Island had walked in the oilaoila-i-rm on stones 

ather than those from their South %a home. AS some people had an idb that "the 

trick" was done with the aid of special stones, the h-walkers determined thst for 

the Wellington exhibition they would New Zdand matetiah. Thep were at some 

disadvantage in using these stones, however, for they broke up under interise heat, 

unlike the volcanic rock which the Islanders prefer to utilise in the ceremony. 

Then came the fire-walkers. Jaud shouts were given by the fire-levellers that all 

was ready, and at the signal a bod? of about a dozen men-the sdepts of the Sawan 

Tribe of Benga--emerged from their waiting-plsce and came on to the arena at a sharp 

run. Immediately they reached the oven they stepped on to the heated stones, walked 

acm them twice. each man remaining from fifteen to twenty seconds on the stones. 

They wore similar attire-leaf girdles and ta.p-to their companions. the ~levellers,

and, in addition, dry-leaf circlets rod their d e s ; these anklets, as wm apparent 

on subsequent examination, were not burnt or singed. Tbe fie-walkers were led br 

their chief Kalebi a tine-looking athletic man, who will be the head chief of Benga 

Island on the death of the present head-man of the tribe, old Jonathani Dabea, now 

aged eighq. Jonathani is the chief instructor of his trii in the fm-walking ceremony. 

and is a man exceedingly learned in ancient Fijian lore, but, owing to his advanced age. 

he could not accompany his people to New Zealand. 

The h-walking was over almost before man? of the spectstora resliaed that it was 

tam place. It did not take long, but even to a fire-walker probably fiften wxonds 

on a =el!-heated oven is quite long enough. After the "walk;" piles of green leaves 

and boughs lying near by were thrown on to the hot stones ; on these, the fire-walkers, 

re-entering, sat for a few moments, and were joined by some of the other Natives. 

Then, as soon as the tap-girt men of J3enga had stepped out of the oven, the 

customa~ hale, the eooliing of the roots of masawe, brought from F'iji for the purpose. 

was proceeded with. The mots were placed in the centre of the oven, then piles of 

peen boughs were heaped on top, and over these earth and clay were heaped until all 

tras corered up, and the Oven of the b w e was closed until its reopening the follming 

morning, when the cooked mots were taken out and eaten. 

There was no doubt that the heat in the oven w intense, and that any white man 

would hare suffered severely had he rashl~ attempted to walk on the stones.* 

In \ralking acmss the oven the men did not hurry, nor did they allow their feet 

to rest longer than a second on any stone. They planted their bare feet down fair+ 

and squardy, without the least sign of trepidation ; thq wa!ked as delibemtely as if 

they had been treading a roadway. The h t man who entered was probab!~ just under 

half a minute in the oven. When the act was over, and the roots and pith of the masawe 

had been placed on the oven to be cooked, XIUUI~ curious spcetators took an opportunie 

of examining the heated stones. Those on the outer rim of the oven wre still exceeding!~ 

hot--so much so that they could hardl~ be touched. When the masses of green 

leares wcrc heaped upon the stones dense steam and smoke arose. At one of the perfommnces 

it ms noticed that when the tap waistcloth of one of the natives became 

undone and the end dragged above the stones, it immediatel~ took fire. Stones thrown 

out of the oven retained their heat for man?- minutes afterwards. 

The &viZa-i-rero rtxemo~lial was succeeded by Fijian t~wku or song-and-dance 

perfornlances. in which the whole of the Katiws took part. The best of the dances 

\!-as the martial " club-dance.." in which the Benga men armed u-ith long and hesyv 

war-c!ubs, displayed wonderful agi1it;r and actix-h, to the acwnlpanbmnt of the quickidrumming 

wood~n lali. 

The second performance of the fire-walkers was given in the Sports Ground on the 

20th Derenlber, in the presence of His k.ellency the Governor and p*, and a large 

crowd of other spectators. The actual &-walking occupied abott twmv R-conds : 

-- - -- - --- - -- 

*Colonel Gudgmn the Sew Zerlsnd Government Resident in the Cook Group, and the 

other Europeans at Rarotong8. psPetd nn~cpthed barefooted moss a hot umu-ti, unk the 

dimtion of a priest of Raiatea Island, some years ago. Colonel Gudgeon says of the fwt. '' I can only 

say that we stepped acrw boldly. I got .cross unscathed. and only one of the party ak M y I~~wxI, 

and he. it is said, was spoken to, bat. like Lot's wife. lmked bebind him--a thing against sll ds. 

I cen llardlc give my sensations. but I cur ssy this : that I hew quite well that I w38 walking on 

red-hot stone, and could feel the heat, yet I ups not burned. I felt something resembling slight 

electric shmh, both at the tie and .ftcrPsrds, but that is all. I do not bow that I should recommend 

ecq ow to it. A man must have ' mama ' to do it : if he has not it will be too late when 

he is on the hot sto& of Rmr-.hi-ros. To shov you the heat of the stwes, quite half m holm afteraards 

some one remarked to the priest thst the stones would wt be hot enough to cook the ti. His 

onlr an- aas to throw his peen branch on the oven, and in a q~~arter of a minute it was blazing. 

.is 1 here eaten a fair &arc of ti rooked in the om. I am in a position to my that it ran hot. enough 

to cook it well."

some of the men were so d o m to give a good performance that they walked across 

the stones tice. Then branches and green leaves were heaped on the stones ; the 

fire-wa:kers squatted down on top, and the sound of their incantation-song was heard 

from amid the rising steam and smok*. They remained on the pit for about two minutes. 

At the conclusion of the performance, the Governor (Lord Plnnlret), addressing the 

fire-ralkers grouped about the pit. said that he had been v q pleased to eec their 

wonderful performrncz carried out bF such a he bod.? of men. The chief Kalebi then 

approached the Governor and presented him with a whale's tooth-the great& honour 

that a Fijian can bestow. His Excellency presented each of the fire-walkers with a medal. 

given by the scientists who had bxn invited to be present and make investigatioi~s at 

the opening performance. 

Of this second hwa!k, Mr. Duncan, in charge of the Natives. said, though hc 

had seen many cshibitions of firc-w- in Benp Island, he had 1121-er seen the Natives 

remain so long on the stones. The stones, morco~er. werc fightfully hot, and that 

made the prformance all the more creditable. 

The fourth and final pcrfonl~allw of firP-w~-allii~q in Christchurch was given br thr 

Benga nlen on the 24th Dccelnb~r. It was an excdle~~t cxhibitioi~ and thc stones. as 

eye-witnesses reported, seenlcd to be hotter than usual. .Amongst the spwtators werc' 

Sir Joseph Ward (Premier), Lad?- Tar& and Was ward. At the co~~clusion of the jiredli 

the chief Kalebi presented Sir Joseph nith sonle h c Fijian mats and a war-dub 

as sou~enirs of the occasion. 

A pleasant feature of the Fijians' visit was their fraternising with the Maoris and 

the CootTslanders. They paid cach other ceremonia! \-isits and exchanged gifts of whale's 

teeth, tap (Native cloth), aot-zn-fibre mats, and greenstone. The Fijians entertained 

their guests at yangona (yaqotla). )mom in other pups as kaua, the universal Native 

drink of the South Pacific. The gingery root of th.2 y angv is grated and mixed with 

. .

water, and makes a not unpleasant cool drink. The ?daoris were greatly interested 

in the kuva ceremonial, but some of them could not mtmin their grimaces at the ht taste of the beverage of Hawaiki. 

On the 6th December the Maoris and Cd-Islanders in the pa welcomed and 

cnkrtahed their darker-skinned cousins from Fiji. This was a unique and intensely 

intereating and highly spectacular ceremony ; it was such a picture as had never before 

been witneascd in Xew D4land, th2 foregathering in overflowing aroha of the three great 

tribes of the Pacific. It was a truly international gathering of the dark-skinned races. 

All bore themselves 5ke chiefs, for national pride and a desire to appear at their best 

actuated every individual. The Mioris and thc Cook-Islanders, the hosts, wore their 

finest mats and danced their mwt spirited dances ; thc Fijians, dided and wonder- 

£ully attired, came loaded 

with giftg for their entertainers. 

The poetic chorus 

of the pwhiri, with its w- 

companiment of beckoning, 

waving of weapons 4 

green branches, and its 

rousing dance, greeted the 

in-marching Fijians, whosc 

faces m e blackened in 

curious patterns, and who 

were headed by 36r. Scott 

and Ratu Ifcrcimi. Thc 

women's pwhiri was succeeded 

by a fear-inspii 

dance of Haori wamors, 

. spear - armed, leaping, 

stan~ping, yelling out thcir 

barking battle-chorus, and 

grimacing lilre the carved 

images on their pa-walls. 

The war -dance over, a 

welcomc - poem was 

chanted, and the ham-a 

chiefs, stripped to the ga* 

coloured tarih waistbelt 

and dangling piu-piu, and 

wearine huia - feathers il 

their hk, stepped out in a\-.& FOR A W H CHIEF. ~ 

turn and welcomed their 

guests. Captain Gilbert Maim interpreted the Maori into EngSsh. and Xr. Scott the 

English it0 Fijian. 

" Greeting, greeting to you," cried Kiharoa, " we bid -mu welcome. Come to us, 

come to gaze upon thc Island of the Xative people of Sew Zealand. N1 these tribes, 

al! thc canoes that brought our ancestors to Xe~v Zealand in ancient daps, passed through 

your Islands. Yon are the source from which the JIaori people came, therefort- I look 

upon you as our older brethn. You have touched our hearts very deeply because you 

have come to Xew Zealand, to this Wai-Pounamu, the Land of the Greenstone. We 

wish you long Me and happiness, and a safe return to your native land." 

Other chiefs spoke, and an ancient Hawailrian chant, part of thc invocation used in 

felling the tree from which the " Amwa " canoe was bui!t in the South Sea Isles, waa

OFFICIAL RECYIED 

repeated. Ratn Iferehi replied, thanking the Maoris for their kind w h e ~ and , 

his people piled their presents before the New-Zealandem, topping them with a great 

whale's tooth-the supreme gift of a Fijian chief. Then came a delightfid i~lterchauge 

of quaint nlusic and dances. The squatthg Fijians challted their wng~ 

to the drumnblg 

of the lali. The h wa girls. led by Bella Reretupou. attcd their rhythmic " canoe-poi," 

in which the poi-artistes illus 

i . - ~ k - . 1 trated iu beautiful time the 

action of paddling a canoe- 

their ancestral pilgrim-canoe. 

the " Arawa." on her vo;rage 

to Kew Zealand. Then came 

the Cook-Islanders the men 

and n-omen of Rarotonga and 

Aitutaki and Iangaia, the 

Inen cmed with singular 

helmets of brown cocoanut- 

fibre, the women dressed in 

gorgeously vivid colours and 

head-decked with green leaves. 

their axllusing orchestra

W& 

TUE FIJIAX UELECATIOS PBESPSTlXG J~ATS. ETC.. TO THE .\~AoE:s. 

of wood instm~uzuts, 

they smg a tuneful soug of lov* and u-elmn~e, aud gave a nhnic 

war performance that was quite an exciting little drama in which the women u-cre 

veritable ,hzons, armed with spears, while their assailauts. the men. used slings.

SECTION XIII. 

MUSIC AT THE EXHIB1TIOK.-WSEbfENTS. 

- GOOD music was one of the best features of the Exhibition, a feature that did a great deal 

to brighten the impmiom of the big show carried awa? b;r visitors. The music, indeed, 

was of a class that opened a new world to thousauds of Xew-Zealanders, more particularly 

the younger generation. It not only entertained, but it educated. and it was the 

means of arousing a deep and genuine love for the great masters of music amongst a 

large body of the people. 

This was the mission fulfiUed by the Exhibition Orchestra, a splendid musical body 

raised and retained for the Eshibition season br the hTea Zealand Government. It was 

early rerognised that good music was a necessity if the Exhibition was to be made a 

success. and arrangements were made for a strong orchestral force to play daily throughout 

the m n . &. Alfred Hill. a talented ;roung Kew Zealand musician aud conlposer 

-M-ho has made the interpretation of the special spirit and genius of Maori music one 

of his particular studies-was appointed coaductor of the orchestra. The number of 

the orchestral force was fised at fiftythree, a force that enabled Mr. Hill to deal 

adequately with the works of the world's greatest composers. Mr. Hill mde a trip 

to Australia in August, 1906. for the purpose of selecting a nunlber of nrusiciails 

there, aud he surceeded in gathering together the very best talent in the ra~lks of 

Australian and Kew Zealaud iustmn~entalists. 

The orchestra was made up of- 

Ten fimt violin&. (kc harp. Fot~r burnt+. 

Ten xecond violin*. Two Ante. Ro tnlrnlrt?; (tn~n~lrti~~as 

Five viohc. Two oboes. --en. td). 

Sir 'cellob. Two clarionct-. Tllm trombone*. 

Three do~alde b..iaes. Tn-o b5$5001fi. One drum. kc. 

Of these players, twent?--nhe were engaged fro111 Australia a~td tn-e~lty-four fro111 Sew 

Zealand. Seven were Italiam and three (krmans. the rest E~lglish. Fire ladies wcre 

included among the number. The rombiilatio~l n-as dnlitted on all sides to ha\-e been 

the finest ever heard in the colon^. Mr. Hill --as furtu~late in securing such a he n~usician as Mr. George westo~~ as leader. It was this gentleman who led Mr. Cowan's 

orchestra at the Melbourne Eshibitiou some Tears ago. The orchestra contailled man?he 

soloists in the persons of Messrs. George West011 aud Cyril Monk (rioliuists) : Miss 

Arline Thackeray and Miss Kells (riolinists) : Xmrs. Gladstone Bell aud Johnstmle 

(violoncello-players) ; Mm. Jamieson and Truda (flautists) ; Measrs. Clive and Ilforte 

(clarion&) ; Mr. Kulu (hornist) ; and Mr. Oakes (trombonist). 

The orchestra played on an average twice a day. The works chosen for perfomlance 

included symphonies by Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart. Schubert, Schumaun. Mendelssohl~ 

Goetz, and Brahms. Most of the standard overtures were played ; and suites, ballet 

music, and miscellaneous items by Wagner. St. Ssem, Tschaikowsb, Bszzbu Bizet. 

Maseenet, Delibes. Gounod, and Sullivan varied the programmes. Several concertos 

for pianoforte and orchestra and violin and orchbra gave colonial artists an opportanit;r 

of playing for the h t time with a first-class orchestra. Chamber-music concerts 

were also given, at which many works hitherto unheard in Kew Zealand were brought 

out. Besides gtring-rnnsic, items for wind instruments alone. and wind in combinatio~l 

with string proved acceptable n?lmbers. At iirst, owing no doubt to the great novelt~

of the side-shows, the unnsually large number of bright sum?- days, and the fact that 

the luajoritg- of people visited the Eshibition primarily for easy amusement, the orehestral 

concerts were poorly attended. By degrees the merit and high standard of theconcerts 

became known, and the attendance increased v q largely as the season went 

on. As showing the educative value of the work of the orchestra, the tastes of the audienca 

improved so much in the six months that, while the lighter music gave the peateat 

pleasure. at the earlier concerts, it was the works of the classic writers that held their 

attention and won their applause in the end. . During the last month of the Eshibitio~i 

the Concert Hall was crowdcd to overflowing, and at the last concert of all the Hon. 

George Jones made a veq- flattering speech, eulogizing Mr. Hill and the players under 

his direction, and remarking that it was a thousand pities that the people or Got-enlme~it 

of New Zealand could not see its way clear to make the orchestra a permanent institution. 

The -4cting-Premier, the Hon. W. Hall-Jones, in his speech to the Governor on 

the closing - dar. also made reference 

to ihe iplendid work the 

orchestra had achieved from an 

artistic and educative point of 

view. The Press of the whole 

colon?- had nothing but the 

highest praise for the glorious 

feast of music that had been 

pro\ided for Xew Zealand by Mr. 

Hill and hi band. It was meutioned 

as an interesting fact that 

at the ordinary rate of giilig 

orchestral societr colicerts hl 

cities-nambly, four a year-it 

\\-ould take sixty years to give 

the number of concerts provided 

by the Exhibition Orchestra in 

six months. 

Sir John Gorst, the British Gorernnlent's 

Special Con~missio~~er 

to the Exhibitiow in referring to 

the niusic at the Exhibition. said 

that the Ode as performed on the 

opening-da;r of the Exhibition by 

the orchestra and the large choir 

\\-onld have made a ,mat impression 

e\Ten the a2 cent= MR. :I~*ll~ll HILL. COSD~C~O~ OF THF. ORCHE>TRA. 

of the Old World. 

Of the first orchestral concert. (a progra~~l~ue of ~eethox-eit be~let. and 11-agtler) 

given in the Concert Ha1L a critic mote. " The concert artistically was far aud away 

the hest performance of classical orchestral music that has ever been heard i11 Kc\- 

Zealand. So map&celit was the executive skill. so h e the attenti011 given to snlallest. 

detail and least accent. and so utterly responsive n-as the baud to the slightest directior 

of the conductor (Mr. -Alfred Hill) that the public were almost conenced the?- were 

hearing the music called ' popular.' Those who came just to hear the orchestra play a 

bar or two were held enthralled, and sat the programme out h a sort of ecstatic dream. 

If the audience was small, it was terr&call~ enthusiastic." 

At the close of the Exhibition. Mr. Hill and his orchestra toured Sew Zealandk. 

John Prouse, of Wellington, kindly hucing the tour, thus making it possible for 

'

the people of the principal tom of New Zealand who were not able to visit the Exhibi- 

tion to hear music of a standard never attemptea in the colony before. 

bother musical feast provided during the Exhibition season was the outcome of 

o generous and public-spirited inspiration ou the part of Mr. Henry Brett, of Buckland. 

one of the Auckland Commissioners of the Exhibition. Mr. Brett, who is the President 

of the Auckland Orchestral Society, and vice-president of the Choral Society, and also 

president of the Auckland Jiedertsfel, has been closeIy connected with musical matters 

in Auckland for the past forty years. He was one of those who strongly supported 

the Exhibition Executive Coumhte iu their first appeal to the Government for an 

efficient orchestra, and in the earlier stages of the negotiations, before the Government 

had decided b lly to largely herewe the orchestra, Mr. Bmtt approached his Orchestral 

Society and offered to take them to Christchurch provided the orchestra contained not 

1- thau sixty perfor~k~en. &. Brett's offer was acre@, and the ~nemb'ers 

practised 

had for several mouthu. The permanent orchestra hod in the meantime been increased 

to Uty-three, under Mr. A. Hill's cor~trol; but Mr. Brett considered that the Auckland 

society's hard work deserved recognition, and he therefore &ed out his original inten- 

tion. The Aucklaud orchestra, numbering about seventy, under the eonductorship 

of Herr Wielaert, accordingly visited Christchmch as guests of Jdr. Brett, who paid all 

expenses from the time of leaving Aucliland untd they returned. The orchestra gave 

three concerts, which elicited high enlop. There were two vocalists with the orchestra 

-&&me Wielaert and Mr. Hamilton Hedges of Auclild. 

During January there was a particularly large gathering of musicians co- 

with the Esmtion. Besides the Exhibition Orchestra trrifh its 6fty-thrce members

all told, there were the k s o' th' Barn Band. ilumbering thirty-six, the AucNand 

Orchestral Societ+-, seven* stroq, and the cluistchurch Musical Union Orchestra ; 

the total number of inhumentalists was over two hundred. 

Organ recitals were another excellent feature of the musical side of the Exhibition. 

Recitals of an admirable order were given by Dr. Bradshaw and other musicians on the 

fine organ in the Concert Hall. 

Amongst the vocalists who appeared at the Exhibition concerts were some of Sew 

Zealand's and Australia's fb~t shgef8, and one or two celebrit.ies in the outer world 

of song, such as Madame Blanche h l . The Kew-Zealandem iucluded 3iiss b y 

Murphy, Mrs. Bums, Madame Kielaert, Mr. John Prouse, and Miss Florence Quilm, a 

young Auckland contralto who had received her train& in Bendigo, Victoria. 

A great musical event was the visit to the Exhibition of the Besses o' th' Barn Brarss 

Band, the oldest and most celebrated band of music in the world. The " Besses " arrived 

io Rew Zealand from England early in Jaurraq-, and played t\\-o seasons, each of a fortnight, 

at the Exhibition, one in Januap- and the other ill March. They played every 

afternoon and evening, often in the Sports Oround as well as indoors. The Band. n-hich 

came from Whitfield, Ilanchester, takes its name from an old Lancashire village called 

the Besses o' th' Barn, and it has been in =isteuce for over a hundred years. .Is far 

k k as 1851 the Besses were awarded their first prize at musical competitions-that 

was at the coronntion of King George 11'. Mng 1398 the Besses held ever?- brass 

band challengg cup in Great Britain ; and in tbe Fear 1903 they gained their crnm~ity 

victory at the great National Championship Contest, held at the Crystal Palacet Lo~ldor, 

\\.hen they succeeded in carrying off the Thousand Guineas Trophy, and u-ith it, for one 

year, the Brass Band Championship of Great Britain and the Colonies. The band 

1111nlbered thirty performers- under thc conductorship of Bfr. Ales. Owen. Their concerts 

\\.ere ~uag&icent demol~strations of the real beauty of brass-instrun~eat playing. So 

oue sho hmM the z and " Tan~~hiiuser" overture perfomled by the Resses \\-ill ever 

forget it. As a Christchurch hadsllu1~ rci~larlied the day after the farewell perfom~anrc 

of the Besses, "they taught us a new niusiral language." 

The farewell m~lcert of the Beses o' th' Ram Band, given in the Exhibition Sports 

Ground on the evening of the 14th March, was attended by a very large audhlce. At 

the conclusio~i of the mncert. Mr. Siddall. the conductor of the Woolston Brass Band. 

on khalf of the menlbers. presented Mr. Owea, the conductor of the Heases 0. th' Bank. 

with a hai~dsome travelling-rug. as a tokeu of the esteem in which he was held h~ the band. 

They were vev grateful to Yr. Owen. JIr. Siddall said, for his kindness to them before 

the bands contest, and the band was \-en- pmnd to have sat at his feet for a while. It 

was rarely that New Zealand would hare the opportunity to hear such a band as he had 

under hi control, and his visit N-ould no doubt 1x of great value in pointing a \\.a?- to the 

players of the coloi~y. 

A Christchmh ~il~ical critic well suitunarised the qurrlities of the gmt bad. 

and its impression on the music-lorer. when he \\-rote, "A feeling of stupefactio~l 

overcoiues the listener who fuily realises the nlagnitude of the feat accon~plished b?the 

conductor. The hut?- of tone. often rwmbling the ~nello\v effects of the wood- 

\rind. the fine sniooth legatos. an ullfailing precision of attack, and the excellence of 

individual performers are as nothiq eonlpared with the consunilllate art and restraint 

displa?-ed in the blendiig of the histnm~ents, each player conscious of the exact 

degree of sound necessaq- for the harmonization of the whole, without blurring the 

perfection of outline in theme or counter-theme, even at the fullest power. And this 

alone involves a degree of artistic perception and refinement and a controlling power 

that stamp Mr. Alexander Owen 8s the p t conductor which undoubtd?- he ma? 

chi to be."

AJIUSEUENTS ASD SIDE-SHOWS. 

No visitor to the Exhibition muld have had reason to complain of the want ol 

-mment. In the grounds a SF of 12 acres was devoted to a LL Wonderland," in 

which the great feature was a water-chute. Between this and the Exhibition Buildings 

there was a miniature " Pike " with its varied diversions, and there were a number of 

other side-shows, all of which helped towards the gaiety and merriment of the million. 

Then there were the daily concerts, and such popular entertainruentg as Rest's " Living 

fi&.ms " and the Brescians, in the Concert Hall ; and, by way of contrast, the poibnces 

and hakas in the Xaori village ; while frequent athletic and military sports and 

other competitions were Md on the Sports Ground. 

" Wonderland " was the big show-place for those on amusement bent. It wns open 

every afternoon and evening, and was as a rnle the busiest place in the Exhibition. 

Bordering the Victoria Lake, it was pleasantly 

situated, and was a parEicuIar1p brilliant pidnre 

on fete nights, when countless lights illuminated 

the grounds and buildings and the little lake. 

The " Wonderland" diversions included the first 

water - chute erected in Xew &land ; a mirthprovoking 

" helter-skelter " tower ; a toboggan or 

switch-hark : an uucanny-looking monster Chinese 

-n, nlnning tu and fro on a tram-line and 

camyhj loads of \\-onderhq juveniles ; a " Katmnjammer 

Castle," with its darksome interior, itu 

weird noises and alarms : a conple of camels, on 

whose back the little folk learned so~nethir~g of 

the pit and lllanllers of the "ships of the desert" ; 

and mine perfornlilq dogs aud monkeps. The 

water -chute, a novelty to stay - at - hotne Sew - 

7Rslslders, wvm =sily the nlwt popular of all 

these fon~ls of holiday - pleasuring. Its sunltuit 

\\-as some HI ft. above the puud-level, and the 

bats with their mem- freights "shot the chute " 

in thriUiilp fashion dojr-11 into the lake, and, skimnung 

over the water, brought up at the little 

landing-stqe near the " Wonderland " entrance. 

At night, when a chnte-ride gathered an added 

THE \\-.\TEU-MI~ thrill. crowds would collect on the opposite side 

of the lake to watch the flying boats, and enjoy 

tllc hrlf-feb1erl. half-in-earnest shrieks uf fe~~~inine &nn as the lightningbarges took 

the .water. - 

" Wonderland " was o~~~tlized inld financed by a Sew Zealand syndicate, and was 

under the nlanag,.eHlent of &. A. L. Baird. Over M.(m people purehd tickets 

of adnkion, and the conces..ioa and cot~~plinlentary tickets used brought this nu~nkr 

up to probably half a lnilliot~ 

The " Pike," with its n~arionettes. '' laughing-gallen-.." " House of Trouble," " Rocky 

&ad to Dublin," and slot-nuchines and peep-shows of 1111 kinds, was another popular 

me. It was under the management of Mr. Hamilton. The " Isqhing-.@ev " was 

part~cnlarly 4 1 patronised. In the vicinity were a riding-,pUery, a "jungle" shooting-plleq-. 

and sundry other attrnctions for juwniles and those of older gmwth. A 

camera okm, and an " air-ship" that worked on dre mpe~ and took cruki over

the lake waters and back, were to be visited further in the rear. betwen the pine grove 

and the Maori pa. 

Best of the indoor " side-shows " was the peat cycloran~a of the Battle of 

Gettpsbq. This huge. circular canvas, 375 ft. in length and 45 ft. in height-with 

everr jigpre life-size-was housed in an inlmense galvanised-iron structure at the 

sou&em end of the Eshibition. The wonderful picture, with its realistic battle-effects 

and its cxplanato~ lecture, drew large crowds all through the Exhibition season. The 

record attendance was on EaJter 3londay. when nearly four thonsand people paid for 

hission. -An~on,ost the Gtors were no fewer than tn-elre veterans of the ,4merican 

civil War, who had either fought in or been present at the famous three-days battle. 

Nine of these old soldiers were New Zealand resident$. Of the twelve, five had fought. 

on the Korthern side and seven in the Confederate ranks. 

Another fom~ of diversion was provided by O'Xeill's Buclrjun~pem The attempts 

of local equestrialls to tide the buckjumpers, in the contests for silver cups and other 

prizes, were often huge12 ?musing ta the speetstors. 

A spciallr attractil-e feature of the Exhibition by night was the beautiful pmwrhnic. 

displays given b~ a representative of Pain and Son's London PiiworL~, kho 

had come out from England for the espress purpose of gi\-ing firem-ork-exhibitions 

duriny the season. The first 'splay was given on New Teais Eve, when there was an 

im~ncnse attendance, and aerial and gouud fire\\-orks eshibitio~ls in numerous elaborate 

desig~~s \rere $\-en once a week thereafter, nntil Easter 3londar. Several rshibitio~~s 

of ,fa?--light fireworks, all i~inovation fmn~ the East. \\.PIT also givr~~ I)y Pain and Son. 

The following is a t-rpical list of the. " attraetio~ls " d \-anom lcia(ls. \\ith thc 

hours at \vhicli each aas open, as published in the official propnlnles :- 

ART GALLERY. 

FER,VERP.-10 a.m. to 10.30 p.m.-Free. 

AQU+U1II';U.-I0 am. to 10.30 pm.-%. 

WRI PA--Opn 10.S am. to 7.30 pm.-Poidances end kaZm by 3Loris and Rnmtmgansnt. 

3.30. 

GETSER. "Nodel Rotorna."-10 am. to 1O.S pm.-Free. 

FIm C'iWLP. 

AGRICLZTLIIAL J)EPARTVEPITS EXPERIlIE,.STAL GRA,SSSSES and BEE APIARY.-10 am. 

to 8 p.m.-%. 

MINES DEPARTJUWJ!.-Cd-mine. 

monettes 

The House of Trouble. 

2 pm. to 5.30 pm. 5 to lo..%. 

Fane diving. Camels 

Toboggaa 

Performing dogR and monkeys. 

Katzeajammer Castle. Ten-rooms. 

THE PIKE. 

haghinf5-m~. 

Rocky Road to DnMi

ELECTRIC ELEVATOB (Sooth Tower).-lO a.m. to 10.30 p.m. 

CYCU)~. 

"The Battle of Gettysburg."-10 ah. to 10 pm. 

WESl"S PICl!C'RES.-Eveq half-hour. 

EGYPllUN HALL-Every half-hour. 

WORfiLYC COLLIERY.-I0 am. to 10.30 pm. 

BTCKJUMPERS.--R p.m. to 10 p.m. 

JCNGLE SHOOTING-GALLERY.-10 am. to lo..#) p.m. 

BOXBALL RIXK.-10 am. to 10.30 p.m. 

RIDISG-G-WRY.-I0 am. to 10.30 pm. 

.AIRSHIP.-10 am. to 10.30 p.m. 

JIOTOR-UKXCEES (on river).-10 am. to 10.30 p.m. 

PHOTOGR-PHLC STLTI0.-10 a.m. to 10.30 pm 

\TORKING MODELS-10 a.m. to 10.30 pm. 

THE GIANT CHILDREN.-I0 a.m. to 10.30 pm. 

CAHJ!!RA 0lSCUR.L-10 a.m. to 8 p.m. 

COh'EP ISwD.-I0 n.m to 10.30 p.m.

SECTION XIV. 

EVENTS OF THE EXHIBITION SEASOX.-COXPETITIONS fir) SHOWS.- 

THE ATTE?SDINCE. 

THE Fiji fire-waken from the island of Rmga arrived in Ch~istchurch on the 17th 

December, and gaw four performances of their ancient and m~stcrious rite of the rilaoikr-i-rem-walking 

on red-hot stones. 

The famous Besses o' thy Barn Brass Band from England. commenced a fortnight's 

season at the Eshibition on the 10th Januay, ruld phyed another season in 

March. 

L* Air 

An Axemen's Carni~al-the first held in Christrhurrh-took place 011 the Exhibition 

Sports Ground on the 17th at-2 19th Jan-. Chnnipio~~ hushmen from Tasl~urnia 

and Australia, as well as Xew Zealand. conlpeted. 

An international brass-band contest was held i~ Febmy, and occupied several 

bps, commencing on the 11th Pebruq. A Sew South Wales musicisn, Lieut. 

Bent!ey, was thc principa! judge of ~ompetitiom. 

Four very fine flower-shms were held d h q the wason, and were considered to 

have been the most beautiful and comprehensive ~t organized in New Zealand. Thp

were conducted by the Christchmh United Horticultural Society, and were held in 

January, February, and Bfareh. Ciuistchmh is a city of flowers, and the exhibitions, 

both in point of number of entries and perfection of bloom, were delightful floral displays. 

The first display was devoted chiefly to roses, which made an exceedin& beautiful 

show, O G C U P the ~ long Jdain Corridor of the Exhibition. The following shows 

wcre mainly carnations, begonias, and dshliss. For the begonia-show on the 6th Fobntarp 

there were 265 entries, which wm a record for Christchmh. The exhibits covered 

about 1,000 ft. of tables, and an additional 700 ft. of floor-space. The whole extent of 

the large Ifah Comdor was required for the dispIap. There was in addition a large 

display of hit and vegetables. The quality in all branches of the exhibits wss 

admirable, and the show was thronged with visitors dl day and in the evenings. 

In the 6rst flower-show, hold during the first week in December, there were twu 

particularly interesting collect+-7 of New Zealand native plants. One exhibit was 

shown by a Christchurch resident and the other came from hedin. Included in the 

Duncdin plants were some specimens of Spine flora, some of tho celmisiaer mountaindaies 

of Cent181 and Western &ago, the flowering OEcnria EdCMoi or mutton-bird 

scrub of Stewart Island, and the beautiful &?-tree " of the Chatham Islands, the 

curious mountain-plant known as the corsl bmm, a casshia from Flag&& Hill near 

I)une&tn, several veronicas. and spccime3~) showing diBerent forms of the New @&and 

hx plant. In the coIlection of Xaim and Sons was another interestbg New Zedand 

plant, the crimson-flowered rnanuka. 

On the 13th and 14th December the &in Corridor was devoted to an exhibition 

of cookery and laundry-work and dairyproduce in connection with the competitiom of 

the Home Industry Section. During these hvo days demonstratiom in cooking and 

laundry-work were given. Tables covered with the results of the cooking and other

SEW ZEM&W EXBJBIIION. 

competitions extended in three lines the wholc length of the comdor. Several city and 

suburban schools grouped their coo- exhibits on a aeries d tables. The entries in 

(This bagpipe band won the -quickstep competition held in connection with the Sew 

Zealand Athletic Unlon Sports, 14th Febmary, 1907.) 

nU classes totalled 850. In the evenings a number of juvenile cooks gave practicnl 

demonstmition of their sbriU. 

A baby-show, in which over three hundred children were shown, was held in th? 

&in Corridor of the Exhibition. 

Under the mana of the Exhibition various other shows and eompetitions 

were held Of particular inkrest were the splendid live-stoel; 

Lk shows of the Canterbuq Agricultural and Pastoral Society, held at 

-€ Addington. 

New Year's Evz was a particularly gay and animated 

night at the Exhibition. Them was an 

esceedinglp large attendance, and every part of the 

buildings as well as " Wonderland " and the promenade 

in the grounds were crowded with lighthearted 

sightseers. " Vionderland " was a fairyland 

of iUumhation, and an even more dazzling sight was 

the Sports Ground. where a firework-display of uncommon 

magnificence was given. The large enclo%zue 

at the rear of the ground was pachc with spectatom. J 

Pain and Son's great p>-rotechnical exhibition was 

favoured with perfect conditio~~s of darkness and un- 

.-* 

vexed air. Some novel and beautiful set pieces were 

shown, and there were lights of everp colom, huge -2. 

5 

*.- 

rockets that broke into the ma& brilliant of OM, 

& -1 

4 - '- soaring fire-balloona and a multitude of other 6nc b,4 

bw,J': eeeets in fireworks. -- -

OFPIfIAL RECORD 

It was a great night for the sons of Caledonia. Tbere was an especially large gathera 

of Scottish Higldanders, including wcral pipe bands-the hedin, Waimate, and 

Ashburton pipers. The skir! of the bag-pipes made sweetest music for the patriotic 

Scottish ear. and men the poor Sassenach cdd not but admire the proud and lordly 

gait of the " Macs " who blew away hour after hoar at their beloved march-tune8 and 

strathspen, and High!and reels. About midnight there was a procession of pipers and 

numbers of th~ Cant?rbv Scottish Sociev and other Colts, from the Scottish Society's 

moms to the E.rhibition Buildings. The Seotsmen duly " first-footed " Mr. G. 5. 

Mwm, the General %nager, at the entrance. Chief Haclrintosh prodwing the orthodox 

bottle of " Scotch drink." and one of his lriltcd henchmen a dish of oat-cakes. 

The late Sir John Ha& or of Christchurch. was onby able to nsit the Exhibition 

once. His visit \\-as made in his invalid's chair. the day before the closing of the Exhibi- 

tion, when he spent about three hours in the buildings. He was particularly interested 

in the British and Canadian Courts. 

On the 26th and 97th December a milit- tournament in connection with the 

Exhibition was held in the Sports Grounds. For these military sports entries were 

received from over a thousand men. All parts of the Dominion sent competitors, chiefly 

Yoluuteers, and also including members of the Royal New Zealand Artillery and Snb- 

marine Mining Engineers (Permanent Force). Australia was represented by a team of 

artillepen from the Garrisoil Artillery. Melbourne, and a,Field Hospital Corps from

Ade-aide. All branches of the service were embraced, and every imaginable kind of 

sport and competition was included that helped to smarten up a soldier, harden his 

mmclea, and make him limber and "springy " in his military duties. On the iht 

morning of the tournament competitions were held in flag-signalling, hamessing military 

horses, lemon-slicing, tilting at the ring, malting fascinea and gabions, gnnrlaying and 

fusesetting, and in trumwal and bugle-call playing contests. The gunnery and 

engineering contests were carried out at the southern end of the grounds, where a quickfiring 

Nordenfeldt gun had been set up on a temporary pedestal mounting. Here also 

a supply of cut willows for making fascii and gabions was provided. In the harnessing 

competition twenty-eight artillery drivers entered, and did some smart work. Each 

man had to harness single-handed two gun-horses wit& a heav collar and harness, and 

then mount. The competition known as " mbdon alarm " gave a good opportunity 

for gun squads to display their alacrity in the field. A 15-pounder field-gun was used : 

the tecrms were harnessed, the gun limbered up, taken at a gallop the length of the 

ground, then unlimbered, prepared for action, and loaded ; after inspection the gun 

was fired and returned to the starting-place. The physicaldrill competition brought 

out a number of squads, all bf whom did good work Another competition worth watching 

was the handling of the 

6-pounder q. f. Nordenfeldt. -+ L-*--z 

In the evening there were 

tugs-of-war on foot and on A 

horseback (b are b a c k), and 

*-- 

other competitions. On the 

second day the contats incIu&d 

competitiOI1s in pihhing 

and atrikiq of tents, 

ZF- 

- - -&-semaphore 

signalling, electric 

land-mi*, section driving 

competitions for artillery, , 

road-march contests, dis- 

fours, Maxim - gun drill by 

squads of infane, and an escelletlt exhibition of work w:th a galloping Maxim. h 

the course of which two horses galloping tandem took the gun at a jump over a 3-ft. 

obstruction of brushwood. A test of the activity and promptness of the Engineering 

Volunteers was the placing of a field observatory by tams of ten men. 

Arrangements were made early in the course of the Eshibiion to give the publicschool 

boys who are members of the Defence cadet corps an opportunity of visiting the 

Exhibitiou, and of at the same time undergoing a short period of training in camp under 

military conditions. The result was exceedingly beneficial to the boys of the Dominiol~ 

Xew Zealand's future defenders, for some five thousand of these were enabled to see 

the big fair and to spend a useful week under canvas. Under the arrangements msde 

by the Government the cadets attended the camp at the Exhibition in battalions ; these 

included corps from Invercargill in the south to as far north as Xew Plyouth and 

Giiborne The camp and the arrangements generally were under the control of Colonel 

Jloveday, Inspecting Officer of Cadets for the Dominion. While in camp, the discipline 

of the cadets was =ellent, and they carried out their miby duties with obedience 

and enthusiasm, and greatly pleased their officers by their good behaviour. The work 

included pitching and striking - 

camp. - guard-mounting, - 

and all the usual duties of a soldier 

in a camp of &ction.

On the 7th February, st an bpxtion by the Hon. G. FowMs (Minktar of Education) 

of the Thii WeCington Battalion of School Cadets, which was encamped at the Exhibi- 

tioa the following cable message received by Colonel Javeday from Jard Roberts was 

read : "As president of the National Service J~agne, I send TOU greeting and the 

complinlents of the seawn, and hope that you will personally do your utmost through- 

out the coming year to promote the movenwut towards the much-needed lmtional 

reform for which we are all rvorIiing.-Ros~~~s 

F.M." 

A competition that was of special appropriateness in a count^ that, is still largely 

in its pioneer stage, and where thc sett!ers are still struggling with the great forests 

of the interior. was the Axemen's Carniral. held on the Exhibition Spom Gro1111d on the 

17th and 19th January. It consisted of mood chopping and sawing contests, and brought 

entries from all over Australasia-the pick of the bushmen of the Southenl World. 

The principal event \rss the New Zealand Intenlatioiml Exhibitioll Handicap of 150 

sovereigns (first price. E7.5 : second. E6 1 third. El0 ; and fourth, E), in which 18in. 

logs. finuly p lod upright ia the ground, had to be chopped through. This was won 

b~ J. Hartnett, of Hawke'r Bay, who chopped second for the .tLxenlen's Cup at the last 

Elthan1 Carnival. Hartnett's time was 3 minu** 41 srerouds. 

Some of the competing axemen were ;roung giants, fi pioneers of a new bush rountr$ 

C. O'Rmrke, of Westland, the winner of the Gnderhand Chopping Championship, a& 

twenty-fout, stood 6 ft. 3 in. high, and weighed 16 st. lb. His brother, P. O'Ronrh 

who was second in the same event, was nineteen pears of age, 6 ft. O) ia in height, and 

weighed 13 st. 94 1b. R. Chellis, another prominent axemen, aged te-five pears, 

was 6 ft. qin. in height, and weighed 15 st. 12 Ib. 

Amongst the spectators at the Asemen's Meeting was the Hon. H. A. Nicholls, 

M.J..C., of T& the foder of the Bushhian hemen's Carnival. It was in 

1891 that he originated the Bxemen's Basociation in Tasmania, with the object of in- 

creasing the interest of bushmen in their work, aud of creating a spirit of emulation 

which would bring out expert axemen. One result of the founding of this Association, 

Mr. Nicho!ls stated, was thst it helped to materipllr reduce Bhe cost of forest-clearing.

The Exhibition Home, which was situated near the northern end of the Exhibition 

Bdding, was established by the Exhibition Executive hr the aeco~odation of schoolchildren 

as well as adults, and during the season many thousands made use of the board 

and lodging provided. Quite fifep thousand had meals at the Home. and it proved a 

very newsary adjunct of the fair. School cadeta and pupils from various parts of the 

colony were practically in continuous occupation of the Home fact. without it their 

visii could hardly have been made. The Home fed on an average 950 people each day. 

On " Show Day " over a thousand people were attended to in the dinii-hall. Mr. J. 

H. Towsey canied out the duties of manager of the Home with extreme satkhti01~ 

to his fleeting guests, adults as well as chilhm. 

hu iuxtitution that was a great couve~ience to mothers visiting the Exhibition ws 

the Chiklren's Rest, in a building a short distance bide the ,hlagh Street entra11m. 

This hsthtioa was co~idud throughout the season b!- the Christian Temperance 

Union, the Eshibiition authorities pa* the espeuses and taking the proceeds. 

Over 1,600 babies were temporad?. left in the Rest while their mothers visited the 

Exhibiiion. The maximum number for one day was seventy-on Bosing Day, 1906. 

Many women informed Miss Field, who was in charge of the Rest, that they would never 

have been able to see the Exhibition at all if it had not been for the Rest. A large number 

of lost children were a h received in the Rest, but all were eurned to their parents 

safely.

H.M. CGSTOXS. 

The Custon~ office in t!le Eshibition had an immense volume of work to deal with 

cluriq the season. Nr. H. R. Spence was the officer in charge, and he aud his 

obliging stail did their utmost at all times to facilitate the basine~s of eshib'irs. 

EXHIB~TIOS POST-OFFICE. 

A special post-office aud telegraph-office were established in the Exhibition Build- 

hgs, just inside the Main Corridor. and did a \*err brisk bushes.. all through the season. 

The number of articles posted and delivered at thc E5ibition Post-oiiice were- 

Posted. Delirered. 

J&IS -. . . . . . 187.200 and 296,480 

Registered letters . . . . 1,236 ,, 2.K) 

JRtter-cards . . 5,320 .. 6.450 

~~-c~rds . . m,m .. aim 

Parcels . . 750 .. 610 

Pacliages . . 1,m .. '5,690 

Newspapers .. . . . . . . 11,409 ,. 15,000 

Nine thousaild eight hundred telegrams, valued at f2SO 10s. 6d., were received at 

the Exhibition office cou~iter for delivery in the Eshibitioib aiid 14.514. valued at 

$568 8. %@., were despatched from the office. Mr. Pebi Toung was the Postwaster 

ill cha-ge. 

POLICE ARRANGEMENTS. 

Careful arrangeme~lts had been made by the police for safeguardinlg the Exhibitio~l 

property from rob be^ and \isitors from thieves and pickpockets. A special fowe 

of police did duty in the Exhibiiion grounds and buildings during the season. The 

Exhibition police office was in charge of Sub-Inspector Dwer, of Christchurch, an excellent 

aud experienced officer. The force on duty from Xovember to Januarr. the 

busiest lllonths of the seasou. totalled fifty-eight officers and men, heat?--nine of u-how 

were artiller!?uen of the Permanent Force. In Jluiuar;r the streugth was fiftytwo. 

and iii Februaq fort?--nule, but to\~ards the last days of the Exhibition an increase 

tras again made to deal with any emergency in \iew of the great attendance of visito~~. 

The whole of the Exhibition area was mapped out into a number of beats, and each 

beat had its regular patrolma~l. The services of detectives from Sdelbourne and Sydne>- 

\\.ere also secured in order that a check might be kept on criminals whom the fame of the 

fair might attract from the Commonwealth. These prompt measures prevented my 

serious crime at the Eshibiiion. Inspector Gillies, head of the Christchurch Police 

Force, remarking on the good order that prevailed in the city mid Exhibition dnring the. 

swn, and the freedom from crime, said he considered that the refusal of the Jic- 

Committee to grant a liquor license for the Exhibition had undoubtedly largely contributed 

to this desirab!e condition. 

The total attelldance at the Exhibition for the season, as registered by the turnstiles 

at the entrances, reached 1,967,632. This showed a daily average attendance 

of near17 14000. Compared with previous Exhibitions held in the colony, these iipw 

showed an enormous increase. At the Exhibition held in Dunedin in 1889-90, the 

largest previous to that of 1906-7, the number of visitors was 618,6324~~~ than onethird 

of that recorded at the International Exhibition ; the daily average was 4,849.

The largest atteudance at the Yew Zealand Exhibition on any oue day was ou the 

closing-day, when the tnrnstiles registered 46.852. The next largest day's attendance 

was on the King's Bihdsy9 the 9th November, when the admiasions totalled 

45,348. In reading these 6gures, however, it must be remembered that they ineluded 

the visite of season-ticket holders, attendank, and others who frequently or daily visited 

the Exhiiition, 80 that the actual number of persons who attended the Exhibition was 

considerably smaller. The number who entered the Exhibition as paying visitors (not 

including season-ticket holders) was 983,621. The number of season tick& issued 

was 8,123. 

The millionth *tor to the Exhibition, Miss Alice Jnllllings, of Ck&chu~y:h, pasred 

through the gates on the 26th Jan-, and was afterwards presented with a gold wateh 

as a souvenir of the occasion. 

The ~.tchurch City Tramwa?'~ cars naturaUp had a buvy season d h ~ the g 

Exhibition. For the period from the 1st November, 1906. to the 31st Xarch, 1907. 

the number of passengers on all lines in city and suburba nearly doubled that of the 

satne period in previous years. The @ores are--1905-6, 3858.415 ; 1906-7, 5,517,357. 

The traffic between Cathedral Square and the Exhibition and between the railway-station 

end the Exhibition totalled 537.896 fares. The heaq- work of the five-mo~lths' season 

was exceedingly well carried out by the tnmwny service.

SECTION XV. 

THE la? night of the Exhibition, the 15th April. 1907: saw the la~geyt attendawe of thc 

whole season. E~eq part of the building was crowded, ad the maiu comdors and the 

halls were a dense luass of people up to closing-the. More than 46,000 people entered 

the building that day and evening. Eight o'clock at night saw the arrival of His Escellency 

the Governor and other distinguished pests for the closing ceremon?-. So great 

\rs the crowd in the Entrance Hall and Main Avenue that it was only 6th considerable 

difficul~ that the guard of honour, consistil~g of men-of-war sailors and Volunteers. 

wanaged to keep an entrance-way for the official procession. The Governor was arcmupanied 

b

SEW ZEALAND ESHIBITIOS. 

" Prometheus." The pathwa~ leading to the main entrsllce. lined with the red thcs 

of the citii soldiers and with shining rows of bayonets was a picture of bright 

colour nuder the dad& bdhcp of the electric lights. Inside the main doorway 

the pard of honour consisted of the Ordnance Coqs, and within the Main C-mdor 

agsin were stationed the bluejackets from the muships. 

As the Governor's procession made its way to the dais at the end of the loi~g hall 

the bands played the National Anthem and "Rule Britaunia" and then the " TWLhiiuser 

" overture was played b~ the Exhib'ion Orchestm uuder Mr. Alfred Hill. 

The overttue ended. the Hon. W. Hall-Jo~es. Acting-Premier and Preside~lt of the 

Exhibition, read the following addms to His Ezcrelleury the Governor :- 

" To His Excellency Jlord Plnnket. 

"May it please Your Excellency,-We, the Comnlissioners of the Xew Zealaid 

International Exhibition, dul~ appointed, desire. with all dutiful respect, to coilver to 

vou. as the representative of His Most Gracious Majesty. the assurance of our continued 

lopaity to His Majestfs crown and person. 

" 011 the 1st day of November, 1906, it pleased Your Excellency to declare this: 

Exhibition open to the public. As TOUT Excelleilc?- nil1 renlenlber, this Eshibiitioll 

was opened under auspicw and with prospects which promised well for its success. Tinle 

has ~lon- tried the anticipations then entertailled. and the greatest Exhibition this c.olo11y 

has ever had has now run its brillit course. and reaches to-night its final hour. 

" Ever?- test which can masonably be applied to the success of au Exhibition pw aouuces this to be one of the most successful ever held in any of the dustralasiail Colo~~im, 

The best proof of this is probably the attendance, and the attelldance up to thb date 

~lu~ilbers nd less than 1.970.000. This. ro~lsiderhe; tha~ the n-hole population of our 

rolo~ly. including the Kative rare, does not exceed 975.000, is surel~ UL the highest degree 

gratifying. 

-- Fronl its inceptioil your Excellency has dested the n-amest interest ut this 

great undertaking, and your advice and encouragement have contributed in no small 

degree to what the Exhibition has achieved. For this n-e desire to express to Your 

Escellenc>- our deep gratitude. 

" Your Commissioners desire to thank the Press of the colo~l?- for their invaluable 

assidnce in :usking howl throughout the length and breadth of these Islands the 

lllerits and excellence of the Exhibition, and the advantages of Fis'i it. 

" It is with pleasure we bear testimony to the good work and courteous ro-operatioi~ 

of the differeilt Exhibition Committees, the Mayor and Councillors of this city. and 

other local bodies throughout the colony, who have furthered the interests of the Exhibition 

whenever and in whatever manner the?- could. 

"It would be difficult to overestimate the arduous nature of the task which E. 

Munro, as General hager, and his stdl have had to perforn~ and it m o t be deuied 

that the magniiicent success of the Exhibition is largel? due to his and their attentiou, 

organization, and firmness- 

" Tour Commissioners further feel that Mr. Hill. the leader of the Exhibition Orchestra 

of mythree performers, and the performers themselves, deserve some special mention 

for the perfeetion to which he and they have brought that orchestra, and for the extent 

Its music has contributed to the success of the Exhibition. 

"It is gratQing to note that the Exhibition has drawn visitors from every 

of the world, and hss enabled them to $043 from the exhibits in our New Zealand Courts 

the variety and extent of our nataral wealth and resources. The Exhibition has, further, 

had an educative influence upon om people-especiall?- our ;roung people--8carceIy to

e overestimated ; an education not merely confined to artistic subjec%s, but extending 

over the whole field of productive and i nddl enterprise. 

" This Exhibition is an international one, and, being a New Zealand and not merely 

a provincial enterprise, the colony as a whole has shown a united desire and effort to make 

this great undertaking a sue- and this unanimity has contributed to the paramount 

end of fostering a national spirit among our people and an unselibh co-operation for a 

great common good 

" Your Commissioners desire to express their high appreciation of the manner in 

which Great Britain, Canada, our Australasian and sister colonies, and Fiji have responded 

to the invitation to take part in the Exhibition, and it is felt that the success of the Exhibition 

is in a large measure due to the attractive courts established bp the Motherland 

and the colonies. 

"In conclusion, pour Commissioners trust that the beneficial results achieved 

not only as regards the people of this colony, but as regards the extension of commercial 

and industrial relations with other colonies and the Motherland, and the closer mutual 

intercourse with their people, justify in full meusure the wisdom of those who inaugurated 

this great undertaking, and in particular the foresight and prudence of the much-beloved 

and eminent statesman, the late Right Hon. Mr. Seddon, to who& energy and determination 

it mainly owed its birth. 

" We would now respectfully congratulate Your Escellency upon the happy 

avsp-ices under which this Exhibition began its career, upon its brilliant course, and upon 

this its happy close. Wc earnestly hope that Your Excellency will, during the remainder 

of pour tern1 of office in this colony, fmd us the same pnxspems and lo~al people you 

fnGd us on pour arrival. 

" The hour having now arrived when it has been decided to close the Exhibition, 

we respectfully request that Your Excellency will be pleased to declare it closed 

accordingly." 

His Escellencp the Guvclllor (Lord P!ullket) said in rep!y,- 

" Your Excellencp, Ht. Hall-Jones, Lsdics, and Gentleinen,-The review. of the 

?ie\v 7aland International Exhibition's career, which has just bee~r read. is a statement 

which does Credit to all concerned, and 1 join heartily in the appmiativc references 

to the special assistance rendered by the Co~nnksio~lcrs, the General Ma~~agcr, lwd 

bodies, and the Press throughout the wlon~- 

"It would be difticult for lllo in the GOUISC of a short reply to add nv quota of 

praise regarding all those features which have appeared to me specially interesting. such 

as the pictures, the nlusic, and the agricu!ttd and the educational eshibits. But, 

while those who collected theso disp1ay3 with such anxious care are about to see then1 

scattered again, they d l have the satisfaction of knowi~g that their labours have not 

been in vain, and that their best r e d is in the pernlane~t improvemcnt.whkh they 

\viU have effected in thcir various spheres. 

" Though I cannot therefore refer in detail, as I should like, to the splendid work 

which has beell camd out in the different sections of the Eshibition, I would ask you to 

allow IUC for a few moments to dwell upon the two main results which in my opiuion it 

has achieved-results not only of great importance to the colony, but also to thc 

Empire. 

" First and foremost it has strengthened the links which b id Xer Zealand tu her 

neighbowing sister States. Your visitom from the Commonwealth, from the Islands of 

the PaciGc, and from the p t Dominion, will go back with an accurate knowledge of 

lour rapid progra and, I am coddent, a belief in yonr p t future. The Xew-Zealander, 

in his turn, has learnt through the exhibits of Australia, Fiji, and Canada-and 

,

the wurteaas and able gentlemen in charge of them-more of the oircmBtaum and 

hportanec! of his neighborn than he could have grasped otherwise. Indeed, I beIieve 

that the wave of feeling which has recently traversed this count^ in favour of a ht- class service between New yealand and Canada owes its strength as much to the 

colonial exhibits in this bnilding as to the = Hers nf the San Francisco steamers. 

"And if this Exhibition has served the noble pnrposc of bringing New Zealand 

into closer and more sympathetic touch with other portions of our Empire, it has served 

a similar purpose in drawing +z~thc- +hn A nc4e A nf t!+ wlonFy or. in the words of your 

-ad- .- : k-iLg a national spirit amoup our people.' 

" It has given the rising generatioo an object-lesson in the coming greatness of their 

country at an age when that impressio~l d remain permanent. It has brought together 

the p-diggex fro111 the extreme North. and the miner from the wild West, and it 

has broken down one more rotten rail in the fast-disap- fence of provincialism. 

" M y such a rem!t is one that confers honour upon the name of its onpinstor, 

and upon those who hare so ad~irabl?- rxried out. despite many diffio1iltics. his 

Imperial-nlinded sch.?me. T shall eFer remember with pride that, as His ?&jestx's 

representative, 1 was privileged to take some part in an undertaliing so pregnant for 

the good of this ccmntfi and for the general advantage of the Empire." 

His Exc.ellency thm presented Exhibition prize awards to the follouing represe~ltative 

exhibitors :- 

British exhibitors. -4rthur Dar ; Xeaa South Wales. 8. J. Durie : I'irtorir. E. 

Siehol!~ ; South Australia. H. J. Scot? ; W?st Australia. C!. -4. Julius ; (:anads, T. H. 

Race ; Quee~dald J. J. GILYC~ ; Fiji. S. I(. S!eigh ; Ututed States of Amrka, P. E. 

Jones; Fkance, G. R. Bcnnctt ; Switzerla~ld L. H. Hart ; Gen~mn?. A. J. Zech ; 

J)e~l~uark, A. Kwh ; Hollaiid and the Ketherlatlk G. Pa?ling ; India and Ceylo~~ 

H. T. Qua!lc ; Sc~utl~ -4frira. N. Hams : New Zealand - huck!and IV. R. Hulnles. 

Ha\\-lie'& Ba?- J. Crushook. Taranaki A. NcAl!un~ R-elli~lgton T. Pc~uled?- Ekredrulald. 

Xarlborough G. G. Com-. Canterbur? F. Xotlc?- Meadous West Cast G. J. Roberts. 

h g- o and Southlaud R. Allen. 

His Excellency a~loullccd that he had sent the folloui~lg cable message to the 

Secretary of State for the Coionies :- 

" The Secretan- of State for the Co!o11irr;.-3iy Government desire that the follo~vi~q 

n~esap ma? be tra~ls~luttcd to the King OIL hcha!f of nl>- Gavermue~~t and the pcoplr. ol 

Xew Zealand : I have the honour to inforni Your Maj* that I have to-da~ closer1 

the Sew- 7~1aild International Exhibition. The favourable anticipations Your Majesw 

\\-as gracious enough to eqress regarding this undertaking have been full? realixed. 

The atte~ldance nearly approached t\\*o millions. and the sympathetic interest shosnl 

by Your Majesty and by the Imperial Cmi-erment have nlaterially assisted in its 

success. My Government fed assured that not onl~ mill the E&bitioii prove of pcrllla~ient 

advantage, but it will a?so have aided in strengthening the ties u-hich bind 

the colonies to each other. the Throne. alld ~other-couut~.-P~~~li~~." 

The orchestra played .'God save the Gig," end the cereluonp was over. The 

doors of the Eshilition were fb~ally a!osed at ~uiduight.

APPENDICES. 

I.-DISTBIm COURT DISPLATS. 

Mu. G. BISSETT, of the Agrkillt~lral Department, judged thc distrirt court diil~lnys fnr pze-awards. 

and gave his decision as follou-s (the highest )ossiblr number of mnrks was 270) :- 

South Canterb~q. IM pints (Em) . . . . . . .. 1 

Au~lrland, 1-57 ., (S31 109). . . . . . .. 2 

North Canterbury, 151 , (f 10 109) . . . .. .. 3 

The details in respect to the pints mred by the romlating displaps were.- 

- - - -- . -. - - 

(kern1 appearan* and nrtistir nmnpmeurts 100 MI 

Dairy-1mUd11re . . . . . . .. 1.i i 

(:rain, seed. and pulw . . . . . 15 12 

Potatoes nnd mtn . . . . . 10 10 

Minerals .. . a . . .. 25 3 

Timber . . . - -. .. 13 X 

il-001 . . . . . . . . . . 2; 10 

\\%eat. oats.lmrie~ in sheaf. hay. rhd. rm

CLASS 1.-GEOLOGICAL iLYD MDEZWXGICfi COLLECJXO~II~~~. SEC~IOB l.-~~cgs, AHD -0 PBO~~CTS-mnfinucd. 

SYbdithbn 1.4ampk.d of Beej cud A U d Gbld and assoGidsd Ro& and dfinaab-continned. 

Name. Exhibit. Award. 

Under-Secretaq for Jries, Yew Zeahd Aurikou~ quid^, Grand Jwtction Silver llsedsl 

Mine 

- - 

.. n Ditto, All Isveia, Waihi JGne . Gold medaL 

,, from thirty-tv~ mines, H~u- 9, 

raki Goldfields 

.. 

3. 

,. 

Reef quartz and siliceous auriferous 

roeh of Hsoralri Goldfklds 

RocksofCIpecolvaB - 

ARuvirl gold-nuggets~006'- 

,, 

1. 

m 

light 

Representative samples of west 9, 

Conat alluvial gold 

Samplesof aUuvidflfiumOtago 

Ropes Mi& of New Zedand (b) Auriferous quartz, with OKE in various .. 

etPges of trestment 

.J. EL Powell . . . . .. Auriffsrona sands . . . . 1. 

Big River Gold-miPing Company, Redhm . quartz . . . . 

Consolidated Goldfields of New Zealand ,, ., . . . . ,. 

(Limited), Resfton 

.lameson a d Co., Cspe Fowlwid . . ,, cements . . . . silver medal. 

(:olden Blocks, Taitapu (Limited) . . .. quartz . . . . Gold medal 

Murrav Creek Exhibition Committe, ,, rements . . . . Silver medal. 

Reeiton 

Bolitho Bm, Resfton . - . ,. t. 

. . . . .. 

(:. Avery and partner, Uppsr Hokihmui .. quartz . . . . 

H. E Adnms .. .. . . Sectional re-tation ~f ei hteen Cold ~ I I L 

9w& mf5, ~l..nld ~01dI1ds 

Auclrland Clmmber of Commerce . . Collection of quartz nnd rack speri- -9 

mens fium ffiuraki (hldfields 

SwMiui.&~ %--Ores of Copper, Silurr. Imn. &. 

R nncl W. .Tohason . . . . . Complex ores-coppr. gold. a d (:old medal. 

silver, from Mount RndiRut, 

Bammea 

Minister for Northern Territory, South Collection of miner& . . . 

Australis 

F. Linstrom, Jlarlboroqh . . . . Scbeelite . . . . . . Silver m&l. 

F. C. Tatham. Marlborough ' Antimony . . . . . . Gohi medaL 

W. and G. Donaldson, a e ' g Scheelite and tungstic mid 

IinderSecretnry for Xi, Sew Zealand Scheelite. Mount Lndnh, Lake Coun~;, 

Otago 

,4ntimony-ore (stibnite) . . . . Gold medaL 

Native copper, Dun JIountain mine- 

9. 

ral belt 

Collection of copprsres from New 

Zealand 

Taramti imnsand .. . . 

Llay. iron-ore. J[aI\-enr Hills . . ~ilvei'd. 

British ~ro?& Hill proprietary ~ dL~mn~, Silver-lead ores . . . . .. Cold me& 

New South Wales 

Ditto . . .a . . Cdlective exhibit of granulnted and 

silver ores 

Athemum Committee, Inrercd . Stream-tin. Stewart Island -. 

Irondale and Katoomba ~ i e & com- Ironstone . . . . . . 

pany, New Sonth Wake 

Under-Secretary for Uines, ,Yew Zed4 D. lh~fadane,Hokitika .. .. 

. . . . . . 

A Eggelii O h 

Peter Wilson, Seven-mile, Greymouth . . 

C. E. Doql~, Hddtilrrr - . . .

CLASS 1.--GEOLOGICAL AND bahCUULOGICAL COLTXCTIONS-mrtinnd. 

Shcrxos l.-Rexs, Mnmmu, AXD PBo~u~~~--~0ntiRiud. 

SuMiukion 3.--0n~ of Copper, SSilnr, Iron, d%.--continued. 

Peter ~ilkn, Seven-mile, Grapmouth . . 

West Coast Court Committee . . 

R. Farmer, Reefton . . 

Exhibition Committee, ~ eeftk .. 

Maoriland Copper Company . . .. 

Ewing Phosphate Company, hedin . . 

Lloyd Coppr Company (Limited), Bm- 

Illgas New Sooth Wale4 

Great Cobar Copper-mining S-dcate, 

Sew Sod Wales 

Mines Department. Kew South Kales . Intelligence Department . Vnh-SeUetary for Yinea, Xew 7kalsdd 

Iee and Reid . . . . Exhibit. 

Capper-pyrites .. 

. . . . . . 

~ol~d;lenite . . . . . . 

Abed display . . .. 

Antimony (stitmite), ~uld-I C'reelr.. 

Silx-er-lead ore. Momt Owen . . 

Oxides, carbonates, and mtlphides of 

'wT= 

Wosphate rock - - . . 

Copper-ore . . . - 

Tin-ore . . . . . . 

Tin ingots . . . . . . 

C%romate of iron . . . . 

Scheelite from Uo~tnt IndaP. Clen- 

orohy, Lake hnnty, Otago 

Penem1 minernl disl~lny . . . . 

Under-Secretary for lIi, Kew Zraland 

I. 

.. 

.- lIonou.ni Yinc. .. 

9. Pr~xervatiomm Inlrl . . 

.. Te Aroluc . . . . 

Llinister for &iture. South ~-&alia Phosphate rock . . . . 

Caml~lex om. Sylvia Mine . . 

Award. 

Silver medal. 

.. 

Cflld &dale 

Silver d a L 

Silver 4:ll. 

Special nwnnl 

gold &el. 

Xiver meditl. 

(;old medal. 

Silver medal. 

(;old mnlitl. 

SnMiriaion 3 .-JIiwd nyalttadirdy nrmrgd. 

.\Cines Deprttnent, Sew Snrtth Wales . Collwtion of minrrals . . . . (;old n1&;11. 

.I. Hendemon. Reefton -. . . . . . . .. 

S. Fry. School of A I i \Testport . . .. Inmgnbun ('onntj Silver m~li~l. 

.\Layor of \Vestport. and CI~sirnmn In- JIinerill diqda~. Bttller and 1nitag;l- Cold dal. 

angnh~ta County Ch~ncil hua C'onrt 

SrUiri*inn 4.4cn1~ and Preeiow Storca. 

Flarelie. Rohrts, anrlS;tnkey (Limited). Gems in tltr mnplt, gem rttt and Sjwiid nwaml 

Brisbitne ~mlished gola mnedel. 

.\lilford So~ind Crecnstone C'omlvn~ (1.i- TWwai penntone . . . . Silver medal. 

mited) 

Con~mittee, West Coast Court . . ('ollwtion of Mocks of ~nxtone . . (:old medill. 

SaldiciainH B.--Coml~ud~7dc Niwd. &r. 

B. Gemrd . . . . . Brown coal from Snowdun . . 

Westport Coal Comlntny (Limited) . . Cake from unwashed dack ro;ll . . 

. . (;as-coke . . . . . . 

. . . Biiemino~ts 

ronl . . . . 

Under-Secretaq- for Mines. Xrw Zealand Bituminous road from Poinr Eliza- 

beth and cWdonville 

,. Oil-shale from Orepuki . . . . 

,. -4mberite from Ida Yalley . . 

Xightcaps (ha1 Company. Inrereargill. . Brown coal . . . . . . 

Commonwealth Oil Corprntion (Umitd!, Oil-shale and its ~ROdttcts . . 

New South Wales 

William Cower .. . . . . Lignite from Pine Bush . . . . 

Eon. J. HcGowan . . . . . . Anthncite from Fox River . . 

J. R. Ralph . . .. . . Lignite from Charleston . . 

Eon. E Mitchelson . . . . . . CQllection of different varieties bi 

kauri-gum 

Uhiskr for -lbes, New South Wales . . Oil-shale and its l~rodncts . . 

Westport Stockton Coal Compan~ . . Coal . . .. -. . . 

Silver mnednl. 

(hid ntdrl. 

Silver medal. 

Gold medal. 

Siver mednl. 

Gold medal. 

speci; award 

gold medal. 

Gold medal. 

and

J. Bonskiil, duckland . . . . 

RkBndem .. . . 

Technological Museum, s&eY, New 

South Wales 

G E Crane and Sons . 

New Zealand Portland Cement Company 

L~ckland 

(3mmondth Portland Cement Com- 

pany. New South Wales 

Milburn Lime and Cement Company . . 

*. -. -. 

Glenmore Brick .and Tile Company . . 

G. Gerrard, Snowdon . . . . 

Mr. Colh, Huntly, Waihto . . . . 

Drury C'oal and Pottery Company. 

Auckland 

Ditto . . . . . . . . 

C. J. Roberts, HoldtiIra . . . . 

E W. Pilcher . . . . . . 

Hoa J. McCawan . . . . . . 

Cairn* and JKcLiver . . . . . . 

South Cimterbary Committee.. . . 

Exhibii 

Building-usfreeatom, 

from Castle Hill 

.. .. 

A+ub 

Silver medal. 

Coromandel granite . . Gold medal. 

M e , ocean h h BIG . 1. 

traehyk, sandstone, &. 

Marble in slabs, polialsed, eoloured.. 

Intelligence Department. S-vdney, ~ e Collection i of New South Wales 

Sonth Wales 

aurbles, coloured 

Clark Brcs.. Oamarn 

C.lcueoas fraeatone--Oamaru stone 

Under-Secretary for JLinea, N& zeali White Jbarble. Casaell Sound 

F. L Cooper . . . . . Momt Somere building-ston&- speci5 award and 

careous freestone 

gold medal. 

A. Hume, Inspector of Prisons, Wel- Building-stone-basalt, Mount Eden Gold medal 

w? Exh~b~tion Committee, Reefton . Marble, Haraia, coloured . . Silver medal. 

ivestprt Harbour Bod . . . B-4-te, cape F& Gold medal. 

vina 

.a Pty. WaPtpOrt -. - - Rqatanes, Ngalrawaax . . . . Silver mednl. 

A. J. Wikes. ~~nck&h . . . . Slate .. . . . . Cold mednl. 

Exhihition Committee, Holiitika . Granite, ~est&d . . I. 

Building-stonecalcareous freestone 

Slab of coload marble, South 

Csnterbury 

. - Timaru Mawtone--dolerite .. 

Artht;; Hope. guth Cunbu& . . Building-stone4careous freestone, 

Raidiff 

~nldiria'oa i.~aaenb, Crude Rmk, Grad, Sand, &c. 

.1. .I. Chig (Limited), Aocbnd Hydraulic lime . . Gold mednl. 

John Wilson and Oo. (Limited), ~uckl&l Win's Portlnnd cemi; and hy- ,. 

draulii lime 

Collectire exhibit - - - - 

Exhibit of cement 

Portland cement . . . New Zedand Prisons Delmrtment . Hydraulic and other cements . . .. 

h JLc.&thur, Koiterangi . . . - Limestone . . . . . . , 

9. 9. . - -. .. burnt . . . . Silver medal. 

Exhibition Committee, Reefton . . 

9. . . . - Cold medal. 

.Jam- .Jamieson, Westport . . . Lime 

WesepOrt Harbour Bod . . . - . . . , . 

Limestone . . . . .. 

Rrick-clay . . . . .. 

Fireclay . . . . . . 

Brick-clay . . . . . . 

pipeday . . . . 

samples of iimGY . . . . 

Fireclay . . . . . . 

Sample of 6rebrick subjected to 

3.000" heat for eight dnys 

Steatite -. . . ., 

Fireday - - . . -. 

1. 

. . 

,- 

Littao ~ u rGh k Silver medal. 

piphay, Knlaha, Sonth Cant~rbnG CnM medal. 

.. 

Gold nfd~l. 

9. 

.. 

Silver medal. 

Goid m&L

X- Exhibit. 

G. O'Uey, 0th Weatlrnd . . . . Graphite . . . . 

Award. 

. . Gold medal. 

Under-Seaetary for Xbes . . . Lithographic stone, Kaitaia Valley Gold medal. 

., . . . - Chatham Islands ., 

. . G ~ sands ~ ~ . . ~ . . & 

T. Rpan, ~ ~ v e~r~al; r , '~dnmbia C-dum sharpener .. Highli commended. 

earth, Ba&peninsula Silver medal 

D. Kennedy, Wainui . . . . ~iatomaceous 

8ldbdm ll.-Jhd adW8. ~dl%lh-Mdl we. be- 

Potash Syndicate, New South Wales . . Potash manures . . . . . . Special award and 

gold mednl. 

Thomson and Ca, Ihedin . . . Wsirosgos mineral-water .. Gold medal. 

West Coast Court Committee . . . . Uineral-waters . . . . . . , 

Ewing Phas hnte Company, D&din . . Mineral fertilising snbstances . . .. 

B. ~otley $eadows, -hurclr . . ~ n - w e l waters l from various .. 

depths (anal@) 

SB~XIOX ~ -~~LLcF~QICAL PRO~ll~rrr. 

Suhdiekion 2.-Pig Iron and Sbd, A. 

?Jew Iron nnd Steel Syndicate . Products of the JIoore-Heskett direct Gold mednl. 

pees fmm T t d im-d 

Snbdi+n 3.--Copper in C&. Tilrs. kc.: Specimens iB~&hnh~nq Furious Stage8 of Manufrrclurc. 

Minister for Sorthern Territory, South Colq~r . . matte . . . . .. Gold medal. 

Austmh 

L!oyd Copper Company (Limited) Bur- .. mptx . . 

-Vev South moles 

GGG -Cobar Copper-mininp Synriicatc, ., .. . . . . 

New South Wdea 

SnWiriaioR &-Tin. SicM, hid, Zinc, k. 

Sulphide Corporation (Limited), New Zinc and lead concentrates, zinc and Gold medal. 

South Wdes lead metd 

Locke. Lqncaqter. mtl \V. \V. Johnson Zmc antimonial lead and virgin 

and Sons (Limited!. Lonrlon rcplter 

e%~bdi~~n'~~ .i.-UUloy and Combined LIeUJs, &+- 

BaIlinger &oa, Wellington . . . . Bullet-win? mixture of lend .md .anti- Gold medal. 

m"nY 

SUBDIVE~IOX 1 . - ESCISEGBISC. MACBLXEBY, J~ODELS. =PS, PIC. 

,. . . Styl-\~-ir~ mps for mining and shill- .. 

John Shaw (Limited). Sheeld . . Exhibit of Uexible steel-wire r01les.. Gold medal. 

P W 

M~lnn and NcC'ullongh . . . . C'bld-sariug mtchine . . . . S. 

Keep - It - Dart CmM-mining ('omplny, Cdd trophy . . . . . . 

Beefton 

Westprt Stockton Coal Company (Li- homotire model con1 area. kc. . . -. 

mited) 

Westport Cod Company (Limited) . . Esample of worm-place in corn- -. 

pany's mines, model of bridp and 

crate 

Stat&~chaol scholars, Blackbdl . . Case of minerals . . . *, 

M- Ryan, C'obden . . . . . Gold-snring cradle . . . . Silver medal. 

T. Jones, Gm-h . . . . ., table . . . . ,.

Hont d'Or Gold-mining Company. Ross 

Ross rnited C&-m5i Company . . 

F. J. Harrop, Hokitika . . . . 

Department of Wmes, Ertoria 

Bendigo Sebool of %. . . . . 

Ballarat Srhool of Xnes . . . . 

Department of Nines, Tictoria - - 

R;mgoon 

C~nurelmrr Comlmny (Linlltcd), Calcutta 

J. R. Bruce and Co., Timnru . . . . 

Jolm JIarinn Fnrinr . - . - 

Commonacnlt h Oil Corlmmtion (Limited). 

Xew So~~th Wales 

Ditto .. . .. . . 

Exhibit Arud. 

Phota of State Colliery work at Highly commended. 

R-nnen 

Pyramid showing output of gold . . Silver medal. 

Yodel of shaft . . .. 

Man of the wst coast 'if Midi; .. 

&dad. showing location of etono- 

mic minerals 

Models of original and upto-date Gold medal. 

gold-m;king plant at Bendigo Vic- 

tor* 

Models of nuggets . . . . 

. * . . 

~odeh 2 nuggets found at Poseidon, . 

Tamagdh, l-ktoria 

CLUS J.--CHEAUCAL Just-FxmaEs. 

SCBDI~L~IOX 1.-Om. S-. PEBFCXBS. 

F. E Faulding and Co., Adelaide . . Eucalyptus-oil . . . . 

Colonial Oil Company, Christcharch . . White Rose kerosene . . 

Cbptall and (lo., Clvistehurch . . Lubricating-oils . . 

Price's Patent Candle Comlmy (Lmited!, ,. . . 

Battemea, London. S.W. 

J. C nnd J. Field (Limited), Lambeth, Perftames. scents. ri om ad en, and 

Londnn, KE other toilet gOM1-- 

Terhnolgicnl JIuueam. S~dney . . C'oUertion of eurnly11t lw-oiis 

F. S. Cleaver and ,Son5, London . . Scents ad prfiames . . 

L S. Pirer et Cie . . . . . . ,- . . 

Tarannki Oil ('oml~ny, Sea- Plymouth Petroleum-oil . . . . 

.. . . . . LuLwicnting-oils . . 

Eagrne Rimmel (Limited), London and .%ta and ~rrfam- . . 

Paris 

l%urmnh Oil Company, Glaspri xrnd L~~bricatinp.niI* 

Linseed-oil* . . . . . . 

Shar~n-crean~. harness-coml~o. boot- 

ldirh 

Enn4e-Colo.p. . . -. 

oil 

Pure pra5n-was cnndles -. 

Pure mineml lubricntinp-oil . . 

Gdd medal. 

9. 

Silver medal. 

Cold medal. 

Gold mdl. 

\\-31ngan11i Nent-freezing (brnlxlny . . Xeatdoot-oil . . . . . . Highly commended. 

Thr -411strnliim Eucalyl~t IL* ()il ('omlmny E~~calyl~ti~..-oil and ~~)ml~rts . . Silver medal. 

Patterson. SIac!k, and ( '0.. I\-eIILwon . Sterling eacalyl~t us-oil . . Gold medd. 

-4. Mordoch and (lo.. DIIII&I -. hvendcr-water . . - - Silver medal. 

.I. Snthan and C'Q., \Vebngton -. h a oil and olivc-nil . . .. (:old medal. 

(!;mtcrbuq- Frnmn - meat and Ki- Xeatrdoot-oil . . . . . 

product. filmt ('omy~y (Limitml). 

L'l~ristchurch 

A. \Y. Coleaaine, wn, SewlSouth \Vales Euca1ypt11~-estract and ~ IIR rolnl ilr 

F. R Fnuldinp nnd C'o., Adelaide . . Nilk-emlllsion . . . Gold medal. 

ClvJnrtall and (lo., C'hristrhnrch . Admiral brand laun* bilk - . .. 

.. *. . . Panui washiiflc~id . . . . 

.. $9 . . Darkie store-paste . . . . Silver medal. 

,. ., . . Iinorub linoleum-polish . . . . 9. 

~hristchkh 

-. Abbey boot-plish .. . . 

Heat (Limited). . Artificial fertilisers . . . . old h al. 

Shynol Company, Tauranga . . . . Powder for ltdishii, pd riolet- Silver medal.

Name. Exhibit Award. 

Ando-Continental Guano-works, London The " Ohlendorft" brand of fertil- Gold medal. 

isem 

Rice's Patent Candle Company (Limited), Glycerine . . . . Betterseq London 

Puldn. Nes~, and Co.. Dsrmn, Eng- Thymo-cresol disinfectant Buid . . 

Lml 

J. C. and J. Field (Limited), Lambeth, Antiseptic ammonia . London 

R. h Dutton, duckland ' . . . . Red how oiniment, &r- .. 

Dingo eucalyptus-oil, No. 1 . ,. 

No. 9 . 9. 

. - . . Dingo re&eg -. . 9, 

G* w:Wilton, we&on 

Hand emollient 

New Zeaiand Pmrisicm and Pduk Soda-crystal, chemical &nure, .. 

Company, Christebmeh 

phuric acid 

S. J. Evans, Dnuedii . . . Tussicura, Asthma Powder, Witch's 9, 

oil. Bc. 

QuibeU Brog (Limited) 

Disinfectants . . . . . 

~cDougd Bron.. ~innchester,.&hnd ' 10-percent. carbolic-soap sheets . 9. . -- Carbolic tooth-powder . . . 

9, 7. . - Non-poisonous purifier . . . .. . .- Sanitary Boor-polish and cleaningpaste 

Karbo disinfectant . . . . 

Solii ble carbolic - mil phurous dia'ifectnnt 

pwder 

Fluid carbolnte . . . . . Kudo germieiie fluid . . . . 

Kudo bacteria-pwder . . . . 

Snnitary pine disinfectant pwder . . 

hticidc fitmers md insecticide 

sheets 

Insecticide garden and tree wnsh . . 

So. 4 notent carbolic-acid Uuid di 

infec'tmnt 

I) per cent. carbolic disinfectant 

pwder 

.I. Riirkitt, Lin\vMwl. . 

White oil. DeLisle Li~ttrell'r ~mtcnt 

branding .md dehorning comp.. 

JL~gnctic (Imtment 

E .%hering, Bcrlill . . 

Photographic chemicnlu . . . Gold mednl. 

E G. Lane, Oamaru.. 

Lane's Emi~lsion . . . . Sprinl award and 

gold medal. 

W. E. Wood. Welliion . . -. Dnigs and medicines . . Ditto. 

W. G w and ('0.. Dimedin . . . . .rodn-mgntnl . . . . Silver medal. 

.I. R. Bnice and Co., Timnrn . . . . Dkinfectant . . . . Gold medal. 

Kclrindalc Chemical C'omyclnp, Timrnl Kelvin boiler-composition Silver medal. 

.. 

Ph.-~m weed-killer . . Cold medal. 

.Teves's Snnitary Componnd C'omlmny . . Disinfectants . . -. 

W. EKinney, Linwood . . . Poiiltry remedies . . 

C'hristcbwch Gas. Coal. and Coke Com- Liquid ammonii~. Sp C. -880 

p y (Limited) 

Clvcle and Jlotor Sunnlies .- [Limited), . Solomon Soliltion . . . . 

* s el ling ton 

A. Newcomb and Co.. Auckland . . Spink's plate-pwder . . . Silrer medal. 

Day, Son. and Hewitt . . . . Animal medicmes - - . . Gold mdrl. 

Fern Stoot Company, Wang6nni . . Fern Stoi~t Tonic . . . 9, 

Kem~thome. Prosser. and Co. (limited) SemtvaIlo's Tonic . . . . ., 

~antirbury F.JL and D.E. ~ompany . . Artilkkl manures, bonednst . . 

McDougall Brcrs., Xmchester. Engiand Collective display . . . . sFiZ award and 

gold medal. 

N. C. h i , C'hrktahurch . . . . Eshibit of medicines . . . . Gold mednl.

CLASS 3.-CHENICAL UdSt7FACTGRES-contird. 

SUBDIVISIOX %--Soaps, &PIES, STBAEXXZ, PSUFFIK. 

Hame. 

ExilibiL 

Awuli. 

F. & ~ hding and Co., Adelaide . Solyptol map . . . . . Silver medal. 

Firth Pumice Company, Waihto . Pumicine sand-soap . . . . Gold medal. 

pears011 and ~o.. 18i];at0 . . Sand-soap . . .. . . 

Prim's Patent Cl;ldle Company (Limited:, Candles. taps, toilet-soap, &e. .. spcii a d and 

Battersea, England 

gold medal. 

Parkin, Ness, and C'o.. Darlington, Eng- Thymo-cml soap and thymic soap Gold medal. 

land 

(Oberon) 

J. C. and J. Field (Limited!. Lembeth, Candles, soap, &. .. . . Special a d nnd 

London 

gold medal. 

Xen- Zealand Prorision and Produce Corn- 

Silver medal. 

~mny, Cbrietchmh 

Foap .. . . -. Gold medal. 

Display of soaps. oil. and glycerine Special and 

gold medal. 

Soaps .. . . . . . . Gold medal. 

Para5 candles nnd w-ax . . *. 

F. S. Cleaver and Sons, Jlondon 

The B-ah Oil Company. Glasgow and 

-ngoon 

Eugene Rimmel (Limitrd). London and 

Paris 

J. R. Bruce and C'o., Timarn 

Hapw.ard B- and ((0. (~imited). &- 

church 

Ditto . . . . 

.. . . . . *. 

A. Yurdoch and Co., Dtmdin 

. . 

John XCU&I and Sons, \fellhgton 

JICDO~~I~ 

B-, ~anchestpr, England- - 

Sanolenr (snnitnry lirl~tid mnp) . . 

Starch and cxtntct of ronp . . 

hlenu, estrnct of .WIP or wnlc 

~rn~derr 

5-h .. . . . . 

Waller PrPrervntire ... . . 

Tinet~~res 

and bay-ntm . . . . 

Horlaehold soaps 

,r;,ps. kc. .. 

-. 

. . 

-. 

. . 

Licjraid roa111 or washin~-oil .. 

Patent carlmlic~ 

do~-ma11 . . 

Patent carlmlic ro;111 (8 IICT cent. 

acid) 

\\lite ITindwr mion11 . - -. 

brblir toilet-walv (4 ~wr cent. RP. 

acid), supdatt-d 

Trol~icd son11 (111 lwr cent. B.P. 

acid), sinprrfatted 

Silver medal. 

(Gold mednL 

.. 

Special a d 

gold medal. 

Gold medal. 

S~-BDI\ISIOX ~.-B-~K~?F~:-Po~ERs. ~EAsT-I'o\~IJER%. $ELF-RAISC~(; FLOuEt. BTC. 

S. Kirkpatrick and C'o. (Limited). Xel- Baking-powder . . . . . Gold medal. 

son 

C'hrpta11 and ('o. (Lim3ed). (+rist;tc.hr~rrh Chef Brd baking-lmu-der -. 

\\-. Leslie, Sew South Wales . . . . Emcolsior baking-powder . . .. 

\T. Gcegg and C'o. (Limited\, huedin . . Crown Brand babring-,u-1mwder . . 

,. .... Starch. white; purr rice-starch, .- 

coloured 

T. J. Edmonds, Chrktchnrch . . . . Baking-powder, e ponder, cuntnrdpowder, 

and sek%iing flour 

J. C. nnd J. Field (Limited), Lambeth, Tarnishes, enamels. kc. .. 

London 

Pulver Pnmt and Silicate Company, Kew Pulver paint preparations 

South Wdes 

Atlantic Refining Company. Cleveland, Brroelastic carbon paint 

Ohio, US.& 

Paraffine Paint Compp. San Francism, P. and B. peemative 

T.S. A. 


. . Silver medal. 

. - 9. 

and

CLASS 3.-CHEXICAL XALYUPACTURES-aoWtid 

Sw~n-mox 5.-Pw OP ALL Knms-mufind. 

Same. Exhibit. A d 

\V. Wand and Sons, Smrey, England Varnishes for coachbuilders and Gold medal. 

decorative work 

Farquhar and Gill, Aberdeen, S o o ~ &n h r d aed metaIlic pint, -- 

enamels, stains, and dry ~~lours 

Jenson and Xichohn, Stratford, England Pets, enamels, deematire vvef- 

Illshes, coachbuilders' and cablnet-makers' 

varnish 

Vdhes for house-decorators . . 

Locke. &ter, d \L $ K ~oh;t,n. Genuine white-lead and white-zinc, 

London, RC. pond in oil 

krara Paint Company, Ohio, U.S.d . . Camam ready-mixed pints of all 

ldnds 

Suter, Hartman, and Rnhtgens Cornpi- Hartman's " Lncvelva " japan en- .. 

tion Company, bndon amel sanitary paint 

Ditto . . . . . . . . Antifouling paint for ship' bottoms ., 

** . . . -. . . . For the general excellence of exhibit ,, 

,. . . .. -. . . Hartmans anticorrosive paint . .. 

Biturine ~ u f a c Company t ~ (Li- Biturine solution and enamel for Siver medal. 

mited), New South Wale interior of ship, &a 

Jenson and Xicholson. Stnrtford, England The best collective exhibit repre- Gold medal. 

senting one trade, one h 

QUBDIVISIOY ~.-SHXUSP-DIP~. 

Parkin. Xes, and Co., Ddqton, Eng- Poisonous powder dip . . +. 

h£d 

Ditto . . . . 

QuibeU. B- (~imits) . . . . 

.. 

.... 

.. .* .I . . 

K~luindale C!bemicd C~mpu~y, Timaru 

Jeyes's Sanitary Compound Company . . 

J. T. Thomas. Victoria . . . . 

Thomna Bigga .. . . . . 

Tho Chemical C-nion Company (Limited), 

Il1wich, Engld 

Ditto . . . . . . . . 

Xon-lmisono~ls fluid sheeldip . . 

Cattle and sheep dip . . . . 

Powder dip .. . . . . 

Poisono~ui arsenic-sdphur lwts dip 

Son-poisonous lwte dip . . 

Ciubolie non-11oirionotcs Uuid dip . . 

Pharos licltiid dip . . . . 

Powderdip .. . . . . 

Fluid dip . . . . . . . . . . * 

~oi-kr rlip - - . . . . 

Disinfectants . . . . . . 

Fertilkra . . . . 

Fison's pwcler dip . . . . 

Cdlecti\-e exhibit, slrecldila . . 

W- Cooper and Nephews . . . . Poudcr dip . . . . 

Gold medal. 

~~rcii~ sad 

gold lIl&ll. 

Gold m+l. 

Scaorvrsros 7.-Pmm-c, \Tmxc, .rao C~IPITSG ISW. 

P. amI J. hold, London . . . . \iite-ink. liquid gum. office- Gold mnlill. 

paste, sealing-war, Bc. 

John Dznns. Glentrmnel . . . . Bricks, &in tilea end pipes, paving Cold ~uedaL 

and roofing tiles, pots, Sc. 

Glenmore Brick and Tie Company. &kk-chy . . . . . . 

Christchmeh 

Drnry Cod ad Pottery Company, Ad- Fireclay beich, tiles, pots, rases, Cc 

bnd 

Southland Brick Company, Invereargl Sand hricb . . 

Ilonlton and Co. (Limited), Larnbeth, Stoneware and ljbulton ire London . 

.. 

and

CLASS 4-GLASSWw POTTERY, ETC.-mdind 

SUBDIVISIOX Z.-Wolrcr, WEDCUOOD, Pumr IT- Brscar Warrmr, 

N.ma Eshibit. 

Doulton and CQ (Limited), hbeth, Group of rases by 3Iias E Simmanee 

hdon 

Ditto . . . . . . .. Groupdv~byF.kBu .. 

., . . . .. . Group of rases, L'drt Nouveaa : 

dedp by F. C. Pope 

. . . . . ~mnp of c-, a[o.-esq~e, by ai. v. 

a f d 

. . . Group of vases by F. E. Barlow . . 

. . .. . . Group of vases and bowls by Bfias 

H. B. Barlow 

a& ~undl~h, 

. . . . Terra-cotta paneb by G. Tmworth 

&A-y . . . . Plumbago crucibles . . . . 

Fresmsn Hines (Limited) . . Drainpipes with bituminous joints. . 

Bakewen B-, New South Gies . . Tiles, aanitsq ware, stonensre 

J. J. Creig (Limited). Aucklsnd . . Bricks. drain-tiles, va-, rooling-tilk;, 

W. ~~ Huntly, Waikato . . . . k h y . bricks. tiles. Cc. . . 

R 0. Clark, Auclrland . . . . Tiles. earthenware pipes, pot-stancls, 

dic. 

Wunderlich Patent Ceiling and Roo- Rook-tiles, kc. .. 

Cam y (Limited). Xea- &nth Wales 

ChrktcL Gas, Coal, and Cob Corn- Brrese bricks . . 

F Y 

C-mh Brick Campaw (Limitd) Concrete draiul~illes . . . . 

H. B. lCirk, South Canterb~h . . Drainpipes . - . . 

Oreymouth-Point Elizabeth Railway and Fireclay manuia%u- . . -. 

Coal bmpsny (Limited). Eellington 

Inspeator of Risow Wellinptqn . . Bricks. terra-cotta flower-pts, 6gures 

Wm. Neighborn and Sons, \Valmangamn Red and white brieb . . . . 

~~:.-m&inucd 

A d 

Gold medal. 

S~BDIVL~~OX ~.-XAJOUCA. \\'Eoc\wu. Pawvsr IilBE, BISCL'IT BE. Pm \Vm, C~YILJ. 

PoEuXulX. 

\V. L Baron, Devon, Engbd . . Barnstaide wim -. . . Silver medal. 

Friedrich Goldwoheider. \*irnnn 

Doulton and Co., hmbeth, Lodon 

. . -4rt statuary and v- . . . . (;old ~nedal. 

. . Eshibit of chinil and tine eurthwwan: Slleckri a d and 

7. 

9, 

.. 

1. 

gold maid. 

. . &rie of rwe in ~ ~ l i ri~nd ' i cws- (;old medal. 

hllinc. cffeets. )IF C'crtltbrt Bail$ 

. . Gro~clh of II~~II~IICS, C. J. Koke unci 

bV. G. H*bn 

. . CI-OII~I of vasm and plates, by D. 

Dcwlibluy 

. . TIN Dank Vase and grot~l~ of v ~ , 

with painted kg, by Leslie 

J ohon 

. . Groul~ of Royiti Do~ilto~t vases, 

landscape, b_r C H. Hoj~kins 

. . . Ditto, 1)s George I'hitc . . . . 

. . Xer Wand vases and FmojD of 

vases, by F. Haneoct 

. Alesandm vases and group of vases, 

by E. Raby 

. . Tases. conventional, by F. A. Butler 

. . Enterprise &played in development award and 

of cernmic art gold medal. 

Worcester Royd Porcelain Compnn>- (Li- Exhibit of china, fine earthenwarn, Gold medal 

mited), Wmaster, Enpland - 

and ritreous ware 

.. . . . . . . . . Figure, "Bather ~uqn&d," by 

Ditto . . . . . - . . Imperial vase . . . . .. 

.. . . . . of VW6 by John S v . . 

. . . . - . Taws by H. Daris and \Y. Hawagins 

8 Thomas Brock

CLASS 4.4LASSWARE. POTTERY, ETt,-zoidimed. 

SUBD~~~IOX 2cJLuo~1ca. WEDGWOOD, P-r WARE, B m WARE, mc.--eolstinued 

Name. 

Eshibit. 

Sct of three vases 

W. Hawkins 

Award. 

Gold m&L 

SiIver medal. 

Worcester Royal PorceIaii Company (Li- 

mitted), Worcester, England 

Wde and Co., Hsnley, Engl~d . . 

Tooth and Co., Woodviile, England . . 

Jasiah Wedgwd d Sons, Stoke-on- 

Trent, IkIand 

William Ault, &nton-on-Trent, England 

Wedpood ware 

Art pottery . . 

Gold Gedal. 

Silrer medal. 

Baked Bms., New South \\'am . . Domestic earthen- . .. Sirer medal. 

Borgess and high, England . . . . TJseful and ornamental earthenware 9. 

Re& Faugier snd Co., Limoges, Fraace Unminite ware . . .. 

SUBD~XOX t-JIxu~o~. Pum, AXD WIYDOW Gus. TOUGBEYED Gus. 

Lyon. Cottier, aad Co., New South Wdea Stsined -glass windows, decorative Cold medal. 

tr'PQ-h 

F. Ahwin and Co., New South'ITale . . SM-glass window . . . . It 

Smith and Smith, Christehurch . Stained-@WE windows, eelesiastid 19 

ad domestic deeigns 

Bradley Bros., Christehurch . . . Stained - glrrss windows, leadlights, ,. 

glass-emlmssii 

KayU and CO., ducldand . . . Stained-glass window . . . . 9, 

SCBDX\~~IUY %- AXD GLASSU'AFUL 

V.ncs LUrd Rw, New South \Tales . . Fruit-preserving jars, ner~tcd-water Silrer medal. 

bottles. and others 

A. 3. Zcch, Sydney, New South \Tales.. Actiitic Bohemian glass . . . . Special award 

gold medal. 

Herbert Seaton, Wellin . . . . Cilwngm\-ing . . . . Silt-er medal. 

Uellin's Food Comp~ny. London, Eyland Feeding-bottles . . . . . . 

Carl Schappell, Germany . . . . Glassware .. . . . . (hld medal. 

CLASS ;i.-HOCSEIIOLD FURNITCRE BRL'SH\VARE. hX. 

S~BOI\-LSIOS 

L-Wvl- Fus?rrma~. CLUES, TABLES, ETC. 

T. Lowes. -bhhurst, 3[anawatu . . Three inlaid tablatop and tray . . Silver medal. 

Jlillar's \Vest Austmlinn Hamla-4 C'om- Patent casy-chair of jamh . . 

lwny (Limited), C%ristchun.h 

Shal11;mnd atul Petter (Limited), Barn- Sideboards, wbinetr . . . . Gold mcdzkl. 

staple, Englzd 

C. and R Light, London . . . . Dining-room furniture . . . . Silrer medal. 

Alfred Goslett and Co., London . . Writing-tables, china-cnb.net, and P 

sideboard 

Smith and Cirnghey (Limited), duclrlanl Easychsirs . . . . 

A. J. \\%ite, ~hristchurch \va~nut s i . ~ - . ~ . COI~ ;6&~ 

\V. Sttr- and Co. (~imit&), L . - Complete bedroom in oak, at+ new 

church - 

Ditto . . . 

- . . 

The England Works, Lds. England 

H. 3. Weeh (Limited), Chistchurch 

W. Birch (Limiw, England . . 

quiimt ag~ 

Drawinp-room complete, Lou& SV 

style - 

Set easy-s~~ chairs . . . . 

complete bedroom, mabogmy inlaid 

with satinwood style Sheraton 

Dining-mom complete, walnut. style 

English Renammnce 

Hsll furniture, styIe Old English . . 

Dining-mom complete, fumed oak, 

old Dutch 

JIetdic hat and cont mck . . 

ow-furniture . . . . . 

Srn0te-c~ .. . . . . 

and


Same. 

ErbiW. 

A d . 

Dannevirke Co-opmative hmiation . Wardrobe .. .. Highly commended. 

Fleming and Son. Nelson 

Inbid table-top and tray 

Drapery and General ~mpo&Cornp""~, Collective display, furnitwe Gold & 

Chrbtchnrch 

J. Ra&litT, Sonth Canterbq 

Bedroom suite in oak . Silver medal. 

W. strange and CO. (Limited), d Nantelpiece. .. . church 

Dim .. . . . . . . Dining-room suite . . . . Gold medal 

cabinet ad cosy comer 

(:& iiebnrd . . . . . . 

Complete dining-room . . .. 

IAUisXTfmnitme .. . . Gold Gedal 

.. -. 

Settee and arm-chnir . . . . Silver medal 

\V- S t ~ wd w CO. (IinlitA), C'oll~cti\-e disphy of high-class furn:. Special award and 

chnrch 

tnm 

gold medal. 

Ditto .. . . . Artistic di?il~lax of furniture . Gold medal 

Ahk and Co., Wellington . . . t a b l e . . . . . Slmial award and 

gold mdd . . . . Dining-room Iiillinrtl-table . . Gold medaL 

Heiron and Smith. Srw Sonth 1Vb . . Rlackr-ood Lianl-table . . . 1Tright. Ranish. and C'o.. 1Vclliqton . . Klli.d-tnble . . . . . . Silver medal. 

. Patent dining-room hlliad-tnblc . . 

~utihpnn kd ~u..*~~trhu~h . . l

CL.- 6.-HEATLXG AND LlGH!JX-Y(i APP~TUS--confind 

xuoe. Exhibit 

Arud. 

hdmw Ja& and Son, Palmerston Xorth Campletems of plant and lighting spscia crwd a d 

eEckney of the Jack gaslight gold mdd. 

Donald and Soas (X~ted), Nnstertan.. Simplicity of design of the Standard .Silver medal. 

hollow-nire lighting s-pte n 

New Zealand Kitson and Cleneral Eghting Simplicity of appmratns and e5cienq Gold medal. 

Company (Limited), \Velhgton of light 

New Zealand Tventieth C'entw Gaslight Compkteness of design and efficiency 

Company (Limited). Wellington of light 

The General Gaslight Company, Michigau, Superior quality of workmanship, ex- 

CSA. callent desigs and peat. lighting 

&ciency of the Humphrey - - des are gas-lamp 

The Christahmch Gas, Cod, and Coke Escellent general ay of light- Specid award and 

Company (Iimitd) ing, cooting, and eating app- gold ImxLlL 

"%' 

Edhburgb Hoprie and Sailcloth Vom- Sail-canvas, binder-covers, u-ater- Gold nl&L 

lranp (Limited), Leith, ~Swtland proof corers, tarpaulins, chemical 

raterproof 

Samuel Peach md Sons, Sottkhnm, Lace curtains . . . . 9. 

England 

Fergw"on Bnx (Limited), Cadisle. Erg- bngcloths, calicoes, Itah cloths, 

lsnd cotton dre~~-hhp, tailors' hhg 

Pnlleson a d Co., Timaru . . Srquee garden tent, llell tent . . Highly cornn~ended. 

John S. Brown md Sow ~e&, Ireland Iinen cLamrurks, taw-cloth-s Gold md. . . " , Eand-dram md embroidered limn ** 

tea - cloths, sideboard - cloths, 

Dachesse covers, tmy-cloths 

.. Shamrock linen hemstitched and Commmded. 

fringed huchback towels 

.. .. Hand-dram and embroidered linen Highly commended 

and lam handkerchiefs 

,. . .. Fine and medium linens, dirpcrs, Commended. 

hmc 

Pallesun atrd ('0.. limaru . . . . Xodel tents, horsecovers . . Highly eom~ucndcd. 

Jlorgan and Po., Damcirkc . . . . Hay and stma stack covers . . Commcndd 

Yidland Shad and Hosiery Cornlay, Shnwls and hosiery . . . . Highly commended. 

SCBD~~SIOS 2-T-s AXD Wo~srnrr 

Kair~mi \\-oollen Manufacturing Com. \\-ooh yams . . pans, Christchnrch 

South hterbury Woollen-mills . . 9. . . . . 

. . Gold mcdaL 

. . Silver medal 

SFBDI~IOS ~.-\V~~LLEKS, T\vmws. SEBOES, BISBETS, RUGS. RC 

tiaiapoi \\'wllen Manufacturing Company Blanket woven by Mr. Xatthew Gold medal. 

(Limited), ~ n r c h Fowlds, of Iiilrnnmock, in his 

hundredth year 

Ditto . . . . . . . . WooJlen dresF-@ .. . . $I 

9. . . . . . . . . \rorst.ed suithp . . . . Silver medal 

.. . . . . . . . . Rugs and mauds . . . . Special award and 

gold medal. 

. . . . . . .. All-woolshirtinp . . . . Gold medal 

-. . .. . a .. 

flannels . . .. Silver medal 

.. . . . . . . . .. blankets . . .. Special a d and 

gold medal. 

. . Tweed-mannfadure .. . . Ditto. 

when-miii. .. wook drpos gwds .. .. ~ilver medal. 

.. .. All-dshtings - - - . Highly commended. 

&th ~anterurg

a-0. 

Wellington Woollen-man- 

P Y (Ute4 

Ditto . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . 

9. - * . , . . . .. -. . - 

~tnt. 

Corn- Worsted dress goods 

. . . . . eth@ 

. .. Rugs and ma& 

. . -. m-ml danga 

. . . . .. lhmels 

. . -. blanketsts 

. - .. ~&--afactm 

Aw6d. 

.. special award and 

gold medal 

. Ditto. 

. . Gold rnedaL 

. Siiwx medal 

. Gold medal 

. - 

. . silver'*meaa 

SUBDIVISIO~~ &am. ~OLEUXS, AND O D . 

Parnffine Paint Company, Ssn Franch, Excellent wearing @ties, malthid Gold mew U.SA floorcloth 

B-, Odere, and Shepherd (Limited), Linoleums . . . . .. 

Iirrkcddy, Scotlend 

Norton and Soas, KidaP ' ' , Eng- Carpets, mgs . . .. 

laad 

Thomas Bond, Worth, and Co., fitompart, ...... . . . . Highly commencled. 

Jkwd 

\V. Strange and Co. (Limited). C'hrist- For excellent wearing qualities of oak Gold medal. 

church floor-aovering 

SUBDIVISIOS I.- CUJTHIIYG ASll C'LUTIUXG POR SPSCIAL OILISCIS, BTC. 

J. R. Gaunt ;mndSum (Limited), Birming- Cup, helmets, buttom, hdgw, kc. Gold medal. 

hmb Enslond 

P. Robert. Pdmerston North . Embroidery nnd reg*lii . . . . 

David Jones (Limited), Sew Sonth Rde~ Embroidemd qaliir . . . . 

JIabel Beatrice Moore. ,Yew .South \Tides 

Iiqiapi \Vwllen Cornpay (Limited), 

C'luiatchmh 

Ditto . . 

ArcMlu~ld 'i'lark and ~onr"(Limitccij, 

AucMiwd 

Jcimcky, Low Caldw~U, and Uu., Auck- 

Am~stnIi~m coat-of-arms, gold-bullion 

emllroidery 

Rcndy-mndc clothing, mimilitary cloth- 

ing 

Shirts, ppj;itnns, colLlrs . . . . 

White and falncy ahirtr, cullurn and 

pylamas 

Shirts, white tennis It)rlng, kc. .. 

Special ourd iu~d 

gold medal 

Gold 1ndi1. 

Sl~cial sward ;mud 

gold n~del. 

C:oId metlal. 

l*lnY. 

Ii;~iitln~ \Vwh Company (Limitd). Tweed c;lp and hats 

Clvistchurch 

. . . . Cold mdtL 

SUBDI~OX 1-\\'ATBRPSUOF 

CLVIWSC. 

~luloaial Jkuufactmuing COUI~U~II~, Clwkt- Oilskin clothi~tg - . 

church 

SUB~IVISIO~ 3.-IAaorsa Cto~ursc. 

6 

Jnmes Cun~n~inri, Aahb~utou . . . . Ladies' o d d tidoring . . . . Gold medal. 

X i .I. :mud E Charles, Cluistchwh . . Garments (drwscs) miide IJF 11ul1ila of Silver m&l. 

the Lnger School of Dress-cutting 

. . Silver medd. 

'rhc Kaiipoi \Vooll~m C'ornpny (Limited), La&' caatumcs and jackets . . Gold medd 

Cldstchurch 

London md American Tidoring Compmy, Tdor - made ladies' garments (be- Highly commet~detl 

AucWand spke) 

U Leah Roberts, Christchurch . . Specimen of work by pupils of the tt 

Imperial School of Dress-cutting 

Maeky, Logan, Caldwell, and Co. .. Ladies' underclothing .. .. Gold medd. 

IVelliion Woollen-manufachuing Corn- ,, coatumea nnd jackets . . Silver medal. 

1-Y 

W. Stnng and Co (Limited), C'hrist- Three tailor-made costumes 

church

SUBD~OE ~.--C~BSFZS, llmasm~, HOBEBT, m 

Nune. -bit Award. 

Broderick and Ca, Wellington .. P.D. corsets . Gold medal 

Helvetia Ostrich Company, AucUand . ostrich-featks~madc nl;j . . 

RobertElston,~arch .. . Brasene and he-silt work .. Co-endd 

C. Adam W- . . q .. . . . Gold medd 

Kaiapoi \TooUen - manufacturing Com- Hosiery . . . . . .I 

pany (Limited), Ciuistchurch 

Wdhgtm \Voollen-manufacturing Com- , . . . . .. Silver medaL 

PY 

Sw~nnsxox ~.-L-XBBELLS, SZTSSHADES EX 

G. C. Vear and Sons, Chriskhurch . P-Is and umlnenas . . . Gold medal. 

CL.B 9.-PRINTLYG, STATLOAXRE ElK 

S U B ~ l.-S-S I O ~ OF PRISTED BOOIS =D PAPHIS. 

Ronald Badger, Chrktahorch . . British-made diilries as advertising Sivm medal. 

utilities 

G and C. Merriam Compan J, New South IFebaer's International Dictionary Gold md. wslss 

C'hriachurch Press Company (Limited) Specimens of grinted boob nnd Silver medal. 

p"F 

Whitcornbe and Tomb (Limited), Christ- Sllectmens of ltrintcxl books and Gold meiltl. 

church palms and Sco Zdmd di&es 

Raplure1 Tuck ancl Sons (Limited), Juvenile gift-books, kc. . . . . ,. 

London 

Ditto . . . . . . .. Post4 imd C ~ ~ c a F d s 

2Smm-s OF RVLLVG ASD RISDIXG. 

. . .. 

SUBDI~~~OS 

H. I. Jones and .Son (Limited). \Vmganai Ruling ilnd bi-ndlng . . . Silmr dnl. 

Whitrombe a d Tomb (Limited), C'hrist- . . . . Ould mdal. ' 

church 

Christchurch Press Corulmy (Limited) .. . . . . Silver mcdal. 

SUBD~IOX Q.-~ETs OF AL~UL-ST-~OOKS. 

H. I, Jones and Sow (Limited). W v u i Sctr of nt.coant-h . . . Silver mc&l. 

\i~l~itcombe and Tomla: (Limited), C ! i Account-books . . . . . . Gold mdal. 

church 

Christchurch Fhs ('omlmq- (Limitcd) . . -. . . Silver mcdd 

Sew Zealnnd Paper-mills, Matanra . . \Vn1lq6tg-lmlm and paper Imp . . Cald mdd. 

Horacc J. \Vw:b (Limited), Clrriclt.chmch Palm bags . . . . Silver medal. 

CLASS 9.-PBLYTLNG, STATIONERY, En'.-wwtincrcb 

SCBD~ON 7--;lansrs' HATEEIALS, Comws, BBCSSES, m. 

Name. Exhibit. Awud. 

Winsor and Xewton (Limited), Lo~ldon Artists' materials, colours, brushes, Gold medal. 

crayons, ke. 

Hemilton and Cam, London . . . Mts' materials and brushes . SpeciPl award a d 

gold medal. 

J. R Gaunt and Son (Limited), B i i - Swords of all kinds . . . . Gold W. 

ham 

\Viiam Cashmox, Birmingham - . . Double-bamned breech-loadingshot- .. 

v 

Birmingham Small-arms Company (Li- &-rifles . . . . . 

mited) 

Ahcoa Committee, X.Z.LE. .. . . Exhibit of ey,uipment of BXS. 

" Britomart 

Colonial Ammunition Company (Limited), Eshibit of complete process of manu- 

Anchlsnd facture of shot-catdge 

Eley Bros. (Limited), London . . Soliddrawn cartridges . . . . 

k A. Jfivks. Xew Ymk, USA. ' . . Artitkin1 limbs . . . . . . Gold medal. 

S. S White Dental Manufacturing Corn- Dental a p p l i . . . . ., 

pny, Phihddphia. US.& 

Ditto . . .. instruments . . . . .. 

claudius -bh. ~ons.'jnd CO.' iLimited; ., .. . . . . .. 

London, Englsnd 

Ditto . . -. .... forceps and accessories .. 

~UBDI\%~VS ~-P~UR~LICELTICAL ~SRLCY~TY. 

Ceocgw \V. \Vilton ad Co. (Limitd), Phumlilceuticd 

Wellington balances 

instruments ad Gold medal. 

CIA33 1%-A-ARD\VARE 

SCBDIVISIOS ~.-&~SD-TI)ULS, me., LXLD 'BY ~BTIFICEBS. 

Richalnl Hay, Sddon, JIadbocolyh . . Patent ;ranger for bciq Ld rlay Silver medal. 

and papr cock 

dccomted home-shoes (;old md;~l. 

. . Model ~ilo~yh, 

T. R. hli, ~he&ld .. .. .ktirranx' took .. . . . . 19 

ELut JIanufRcturing C'ampny. Cleve- Staarliud duplex stocks ;and dies . . .. 

land, U.Sd. 

Simons IXadwant Company, St. Iauis, American exhibit, artisam' tools . . Silver medal. 

U.S.A. 

\CCC tiilpin. .sen.. and C'o. (Limited), Can- Engliih exhibit. artisans' tools . . Special award and 

nock. Enghd 

gold medal 

Domild imd Sons (Limited). Masterton.. Eshilit of hzrk-eyc nmncl~ . . SilvePmectzl. 

Alldnys and Onions, Biminp;h..m, England Enpineem' smirll tools. kc. . . Cold medal. 

Pentridge Penal Establishment, Victmia Took rd ironwork made by prison ., 

labour 

Jonns and blver (Limited), SheBjeId. Enginecnr' tools and tool-steel . . Silver medid. 

w C. \Yh:-tchouae und Co.. Cmmock, England. Exhibit of artW tools. . . . Gold d t L 

Spear and Jack She5e4d. England . . ,. . . . . ,. 

William Marples ad Ca, Shefikl, Eng- . . . . .. 

land 

Wells Bras Companp, Uass, U.S.A. .. . . .. 

L S. Starrett and C'o., Aahd. U-LA. .. . . . T 

Rrowne and Sharlle llanufactucbg Com- . . . . 

py, Rovidonee. RL. USA 

G W. hymond, \TiCrn~ . . . t V d and steel boot-lasts, and cutters Silver medal.

SUBD~OS ~A~TL~BY. 

Xuoe 

Seedham. reall, and Tpu& SIreffield, Cutlery 

Exbibit. 

. . . 

Arrrd. 

.. Goldmedal 

England 

T. R Ellin SheUield, England 

Raason Bms.. &&Id. wand 

G. T. Smith, Dawerirke . . 

. . Cutlery for painters and fnrriers . . Silver medal. 

. Cntlery . . . . . . ,. 

. . Cheesecutters and delirev-boxes.. .- 

SL-BDI~XSXOX ~.-HOLLOK-W~BX AXD Torwas 

Morgan and C'o., Dannevirke . . . . Milk-cans . . . - . . 

Priest and Holdgte. Ti- . . . . Tinware and ropper-ware . . 

Taylor and Onklrr, C'hristchurch . . Galranised-steei hollow-ware . . 

S~BDI~OJ; 1-~XAJIESTAL (:AsTISGS. 

H. hlie Friend, AucHanrl . . . Steelonite embossed steel for decorat 

ion 

ChUett and Son, Dannerkke . . . . 1-arioas designs oi ornamental cnstinps 

. . . . Double-hinge snatch-blocks for loghauling 

pur~wrse~ 

The lr~mderlich Patent C'eilinp and Roof- Embossed steel and zinc plates for 

ing Cornpn~ (Limited). X.S.T. Irousedecoration 

Silver medal 

spcisj' a d 

gold medal. 

Gold medal 

Silrer medal. 

Gold medal. 

Special a d 

gold medal. 

S~BDIWXOX S.-Smm. KALS. Smm. LOCIZS, PTLLE~B. ETC. 

The Patent Indmtcd Steel Bnr ('ompiing Indented ntwl k s allldicablc to all Cold med;rl. 

(Limited!, London. England ytema of reinfomd-concrete ronstrurtjon 

C. Bergemon. Palmerston Xorth . . Patent nash-fastener . . . 

New Eslmnded Metal ('omlmny (Limited) Exlnrnded stiterl for roncwtr nnd 11Inster 

wort 

Robert McEhn and Co.. Lolldon . . Mortise la-ks and door finger-l~lntcs ,. 

J. ('. Daridaon. hnnerirke . . 

and handles 

. . Snatch-Mwb for log-hauling pur- Silver mrdnl. 

R~iller and Inangahua Court ('ommittm 

1- 

Patent sash-fastener. cupboad-turn, ., 

door-fastener. snfe-latch 

Edward Showell and Sons (Limitd), Exhibit of I~mra-formdry used in Special award 

Biiminyhnm ronntnrrt ion gold mcdal. 

Rradlry Hros.. C'hristchurch . . . . Mt~ltifiex reinforced window-lead Gold medaL 

calmer 

Saqood. Son. .and Ewen, Chistchurch.. Lorie's patent window-fastener . .. 

Exr~~nded Metal Engineering Con~pnny, Expnded steel for concrete and Silver medal. 

Xew Tor& C.S.S. plaster work 

Imlmrial Bedstead Company, Smeth- Bedsteads . . -. . . .. 

Englmd 

SCBDX~SIOS ~.-PL~-XBEB.S* 

=D ~~~F~TTEU.' HARDWARE. SHIPS' H~RDwABH, S~DDLPBS' 

ETC. 

HARDWARE. 

T. R. Ellin. Shefiield . . . . Kits of tools for motors and cycles..

SWDI~N ?.-G~GVL- IROS. 

Name. 

Humphreys Limited. London.. 

Exhibit. 

. . Corrngpited iron . - 

John Summers and Sons (Limited) . . Gelvanbed iron . . 

A 4 


. . Sivor medal. 

F. W. Bursill, S d d 1 . . Pstmt gate, fencing - posts, and Gold md. svinsers 

Jamcs Hamilton. Witon . . . . Mid didkg sheep-fence . . S i medal. 

J. Xath and Co. (Limited) . . . . l?encing-Vire and staples. . . Gold medal 

R. Johnson and Xephew (Limited) . . ,. I, . . . . ,, 

S~~DIVJSIOX ~.-WU~VOBX OP ALL m a 

Von Sienkowsti and Co. . . Wirework of all kinds . . - 

Gold meda. 

CLASS Ib--CAFtRL%GES. HORSE-FWRNITURE. ETC. 

Sus~~vrsrolr 1 . 4 LXD ~ ~ FO~~\WZEZBD ~ VEHICLXS. 

Win and Stockall. Bury, Englrrnd . . Brongham ambulaaeo . . Gold medal- 

Prkm Department, New Zealand . --cut mado in Lyttelton Gsol . . Commedd 

W. Bath, InveTcsigill . . . . Gqg, ronnd-aorncred body, potent Gold medal. 

dc. nibbur ticc 

Triggs and Denton, Christcharch . . McMnmy'smcing~es, dog-arts, .. 

LC 

Sins Deprtnlent, Xew Zerlsnd . . Two-whce1c.d vehicles . .. Commendd 

SUBDMSIOX 3.-BICYCLES, TBICYCLHI, EX. 

E. Repoldti and Co. (Limited), \Veiling- Hub and bb . . . . Cold nredal. 

ton 

Ditto . . . . . . Budge-Whitworth bicyc.lts 

Swift Cyclt Company (Limitd). Coventry, Swia bicycles . . . . 

Enghd 

Adam (Limited). Christch~mh . . Collectim cshibit, bicycles 

Hnmber (Li~i~tcd), Notts, England . . H~~ulber bicyrlw . . 

Trininph -10 Coinpcmy (Limited), Bicycles a d motor @CY 

Coventry. England 

Endie JLau~rf~h~ Com1mp (Limitrd), Star bicyclur . . . 

Birmingham, Englnnd 

Birmingham Snlalle~ns Cun~pny (Li- Parts of cplm . . -. 

mit~xl), England 

Ditto . . . . - - . . Bicyclcs . . 

Cpelct sncl Jlotor S~tpplir* Cbnaliany Rover bicycles . . . . 

(Lisiitnl). il'ellington 

. . Silver nudid, 

. . Gold mt& 

.. Slrnid aaard 

gold mc*. 

. . Cold medd. 

. . Silver nmkL 

BATH =D OTHER IS\-NJD Cmms 

Sw~n-~sros ~.-PSXW~B~L~TOB~. 

James Cles, - - C!ritiichureh . . .. Pcrambiilatotlr . . . . . Gull d L 

. . 

bA Limited. lGnodin . -hs Motor - manilfaaturiq Compnp JIotor-cam . . . . . Gold mrdal. 

(Lin~ited), Coventry. Eughnd 

Adnm Limit4 Cmhurch.. . . Collective esbibit, motor-cern . . Special award and 

gold medal. 

Hnmbor Limited, Xotts, England . Hnmber motor-cars . . . . Gold medal. 

Swift Motor Comnanv . .- lLi~nitnll Coven- Swift motor-cers . . . . ,. 

try, England 

Adam Liluited, Cluiatchurch.. . Collective cshibit, Talbt motor-can, Special award and 

gold d

Nuna Erhibit. 

Clement Tabot (Idmited),LanQn .. Yotor-crrr~ .. 

Mbems Yotors (Limited). htwer~ and ?kkerva motorcars 

. . 

. . 

Anud 


. 9, 

J. b (Limited), B'iham, England hmp. &., for motor-cars 

Allby end Onions, B i i m . England AbtOrcaTs .. . . 

&ott Motor md Cvcle Compsny (Li- 99 . - . . 

mited). Wellhgtm- 

Rangor Notor Company, Chrihmch . Dcnnisluotor- .. .. Gold medal. 

BLaycs and Lmgdown, Chr:stchurc:h . . &lid tires for motor-cars end )ilmrc High@ commend& 

WJle@ls for motorears 

Motor-awoebe . . . . . . Silver n~clsl. 

Cycle and Motm Snpplies (Limited), 

Wellington 

Dexter and Ckozier (Limited). Aucklad 

Jones and Sons, Haniings . . . . 

G. W. Wihon md Ca (Limited). Wel- 

lington 

X(tw South Wdm hnds Dqartment . . 

E J. Fork. We11ington . . . . 

C. I% Gilby, Christchureh . . 

Internationd Com1wndencr Schooi; 

Wellheton 

Ditto - .. 

.. . . 

k Hmking. Mount Eden . . .. 

Stim- &611d Eduo;ltio~~ 

Dqtsrtment . . 

., . - 

h'orth Csnterbnq- mueation Board . . 

3Iotoroam .. . . . . 

WoLelsy-Siddt*Jp motor-ears . . 

Apparat~m for ncienae d~pliances 

in Gcrnlany 

Pl1otogra1~hg, cdneation al~l~liancen in 

J~F 

Photcqpl~lw. cdncation al~l~liancen in 

Fnited States of dnlcrira 

FAurntional nppliinees, dsb, hkklr- 

IIoarcLv. h. 

Gend dii.play . . -. . . 

Gold m dd 

Specirl award and 

gold medal. 

Klghly commended. 

me0 

Sy.*om of wll~ation for w~gc.-eerncrs 

System of teaching forcign lanp~ap 

by phonogral~h 

Technicad 1111Miaatiom. kc. . . 

Whole display . . . . . . sl&k award and 

gold nli.dal. 

Gold IIWCM. 

Highly conmcdd. 

CLASS 1;3.-SCIEXXIFIC mSTRL31ESTS, 

G. EL Zeal, Lnndrtn . . . . .. " Repello " clinical themlon~cter, Sjwid amrd ad 

"Ascetic " clinical thermomctar, gold rnw 

rcgiqtered index prlidr 

G. Pi'. Wilton nncl Co. (Limited), Wel- Acid-pipette for Bsbcoek tr-st . Gold m d 

liqon 

Ditto . . . . . . . ,411alyticsl balsnws and apllsrrtnrs ,. 

for chemicd investigation find 

resesrch 

.. . . . . . Pharmaceutical instrnments and 

balances 

El&& and Ordnanec Accmimies Shortdistance telg,hones . . 

Cbmpony (Limited), Birmingham 

Roils Limited, London . . Optical @, &. 

Mines Department, Xew &d . . Metallnrgicel laboratory 'shd equipment.

Name. 

John Brimmed and Sons, Loadon . . 

Miher and Thompson. chistchurch . . 

Beale and'&. (Limited). N~W Sou; 

W h 

lhmden Piano Company, C!hxistehnrch 

72 .. 7. 

9. . 

Be~g and Co.. Dunedin 

.* . . 

Karl Eaake concert p nd . . 

Bliithner pianos. . 

Pleyel boudoir grand, -Louis 

stple 

Collective exhibit . . . . 

Beale-Vsder patent iron wrest-pled 

Two-nand reed orgcn . . 

Collective exhibit of pianos and 

Mgans 

Schiedmayer boudoir jpnd . . 

Colonial-made pisnos . . 

Couective aispby of musical inst; 

menu 

Chappull &by pnd .. . - 

Apllo grand-piano pls y(tr . . 

Cruson pip organ . . . 

A d . 

Special award and 

gold medal 

Gold 4 

Giver medal. 

Gold medad. 

Silver mew 

,, 

Hawkes and Sons, Engknd . . . . Collection of brass and wood wind- Goid medal. 

instrurnelIt5 

b y and Co., Londnn . . Collcetion of wood and brass instm- .- 

merits used in band snd orchestra 

s, . . fiaallence of individd b~ i m - 

ments 

. . Escellence of individual wood wind- ,, 

iwtnlments 

. . In~l~rove~ucnts in the by-action of Slwcial award m~d 

clkionettes gold ~nedsL 

. . Cor~~pensation-vel\rcn of bras9 instru- Ditto. 

nlent-. 

. . &nd-instrutncnts . . . . Gold medal. 

SUBDI~OB 3. STBXSC 

.LVD OTHER >[USICAL ~STRTJII~S."IS. 

J. Williamson, Wilding . . . Violii and case . . . . Silvcr medal. 

J. C Cameron and Sons, Clmistch-h. . One violin hand-carwd' b3ck oil- Cold medal. 

rarnished 

1. . . . For tone of four violins, hand-made ,, 

mud oil-varni.'ihed 

9. .. . . For best collective display of string Special award and 

in.stn~menhu gold ~uudal 

" . . Fur one 'cello, oil--rni*hrd . . Silvw medal. 

Ebwb and'bn . - . . String in.*~~ments . . . Highly commendd. 

egg and CO., on& . . . . \~oloncello by ~egsni . . . old mcdel 

.. .* . . . Koh by Deguzi . . . Silver medal. 

.. .. . . . . Tm violins by Whitmarsh . . 

n . . .. Srroftub~larbe~ .. . . Goli'4 

.. . . . . Four violins by Wni . . . . Silm me&. 

.. .. . . . \Beidlicrh'r hprcis accurdcwm and .. 

conemtinas 

9. . . De 3kglio mandolins . . Gold medal. 

. .. . - . P. D'krsnto mandola . . . 9. .. - - . . .. mandolin . . . si4 medal. 

. . . . Hunphton's banjos . . . Gold m a 

l3oomG~nd ~o., ~&d00 .. . . ~uning-forks, h. . . . . 

W. J. IMwadx, WeIEqton . . . Two violin9 . . . . sit& m a 

?,

SUBDI~~IOS I.-Em W4-m~ =D OTRPR VLOSILTS 

Xame. Exbibit. 

Doulton and Co.. London . . . . Thne rrterclonets . . 

Duckntt and Snn (Limited). Burnley. Water-closet and latrine range 

.*wad. 

. . Gold ntedrrl. 

. . .. 

Wand 

SVBDIVISKOS %&0WEB kYD OTEXB BA- Fn- 

W. S. Howard, Gore.. . . . . Century thermal-bath arbiner . . Silver me&d 

1)oulton and Ca, London . . . . it-hitc citrenns-enamd bath . . Cold medal. 

SFBDI~SIIJJ %-~A~ABY ~'PLTAXCES IS CO-XSICIIOJ WITH DRAIYAGIL 

'Phe Septic Tank Company (Limited), &bibit as a whole . . . . Slwhl award and 

Weatminster. London gold medal. 

Ditto . . . . . . . . SIf-eontrined she1 septic tank . . Gold medal. 

.. . . . . . . . . Automatie altornati~q-gear for .*I>- .. 

tic-tank instabtion 

.- . . . . . . . Intermitting valve. equilibriuu~ for .. 

septic U& 

The 3Glbum Lime and &nlent.Contpany, Drainpip-Uouier pipes 

Dunedin 

Doulton and Cn.. London . . . . Hospital siub . . 

Taylor and Oakley, ?r.ri&humh . . Sanit.rp wwv . . 

CTASS 18.-WORKS OF -UT. 

Sydney Technical G~llere . S~UDIVTSIOS ~.-~c~XP?CRB. 

. Students' mnrk in n~cwkllinv and Slmei;~l ;~u;tnl :IIII~ 

china-painting zolcl a~culi~l. 

SCBDE\'ISII~S %-P.iISTISos IS 01- ASN \\*~TER-COLI)C~. 

Robert Logan, AncHand . . . . Painting of yachts in c~ih . . Hinhly cnn~~vr~wkul. 

Ellen vnn lleyen~. .iuckland . . . . Paint* in oils, lhnri aol+=ct. . . .. 

.. . . . . \Yew of d~~ctlnnd Harbour . . ( ;~nla~cnclcrL 

JLiax J. Burgess. Palmemton Sorth . . Oil pintinn . . . . . . t :c~ld I II~;I~. 

Ed Britt. Christeherch . . . . Paintings in o h ;1n11 r;~ter-rnb~nrs. 

fiom photograph 

. . Paintings in oils . . . . Wlver n~wE~l. 

~rs."T. D. A. ~10"tett. 

Sydney Technical fidlepe Art C1am-s . . Paintings and dmwinp . . . . c;olcl nd11. 

1nverc&l . . oil 1-ting . . . . . . Highly mmn~nulc 

. . Painting in oil of A~~stnli;rn dnr;~ . . Silver n~ed;~l. 

Comn~ittee . . . . Tuvnty-fire pictr~rcs in nil and w;rrer- 1 f)n~n~endnL 

Rnller C~lut 

J. E JIoultmy, D~lmedin . Hiss C.. HcCill. Westport . . 

S Goynor Clayton. C%rintrhnmh 

mlours 

. . oil ~"inting. Lake Pnhen~;~ 

. . Painting. Buller m e ~ 

. . Oil paintings . . . . 

. Hizhly c~n111mt~nc1.tl. 

. . .. 

. . Silver rnd.11. 

Credgington and Co.. Victoria . . (Y1 painting, City of Jlelbnurne . . t:nlcl mnli~l. 

Rallarat School of Nines. I'ietnria . . .km pict~u~rr of Ballant . . 

R Presn. Vietoria . . . . . . Tuv seascapes. nil paintins* . . 

. . t)ne river me. ditto . . . . 

h"E. R. ~~iherfnkl. Wain;- . . Two nil ~nintinrr. 1;lkc Tc.li;c~to. 

-\meri &ti 

. ? 

Jlr. Harry White. Christtrhurcl~ . . I p a t . I amrik . . 

Sam E. Wek. Xew South \Vales . . Oil painting. -41utralian Bowers . . Siirer nmlnl 

Sritorrtsrox 4.- 

L .I. Jkt, Palmerrton Snrth 

\Vest Coast Cbnlmittee . . 

(:. S. Sturterant. Hokititra . . 

Ham \in=, duckland . . 

C. N." Why. S h n . . 

G. W. Bennett. Clhrirrchurrh . . 

.I. Martin, dockland. . . . 

C. S. \ioisley, Xelson .. 

-DR.\\S-ISGS PES. PESCII, .\XD ('RAI-ox. 

. . .hhitwtr~ral chw+ . . . . (:old nitd~l. 

. . Scenic &play of Grey and \l*estland 

. . Dnwinp of rario~cs parts \Vestlanil Silver mptlal. 

. . Pen-and-ink drawing . . . . 

. Water-colour, Cap Fnolwind . . Gold medal. 

.. Phompraphp .. . . . . Rlrer mednl. 

-. Photos . - . . . . 

. . IVaterdour. Mwnt Cook from Gdd medal. 

Hotitax8 

11.

Xuue. 

Enion Steamship Compan~. Dunedin . . 

Kinmy: Baras. and ?a. for HOII~& 

Bma Fedsrcrl and Shire Lines 

Orient Royal Bail Line of Steamers . . 

Enddart, Park. and ('0. 

. . 

G. Dame. Aucldnnd . . 

Hdder Federal and Shire I,& 

New Zedand Shipping Compan~ 

Won8teemshipComp~ny .. 

SCBD~OX 1 

A. JIcCSdcw. Rlenheim . . . . 

Sort11 Canterlbl~v Committee, S.%LF. 

n n 

['hamher of Commerce. Snpier 

-1. Henderson, l)annrrirlre . . 

.Uicc. Rr~tseaite. Selrion . . . . 

H~dler ('n~lrt ('ontmittw . . . 

(hnatiinn Pacific Hnilway ('nmlx~ny . . 

1111ir nnrl 3lcndir. lhnedin . . . . 

Exhibit. 

31odel of ss '* JLaheno " . . . 

Half-model of as. '* Atua " . - 

Model of as -- Dra.+n Gmnge " . . 

Full model of ss. -- Omb" twin 

screw. 8 S2 tms register. 10~000 

h-p. 

Half-model of ss. -'nmk " . . 

Nodel of dinge.r . . . - 

Fitted cnbnvi . . -. . . 

.-~SDSCAPE 4SD OTHER TIEWS. 

Landxcapes and other rim . . 

Collection of ~jhotopq)h% . . 

oil pint* Lfltelton Harbour . . 

Co1lectii-c. esblrit of pictures . . 

Photopnldw of Salrier and. &stria 

Phnton~lrhs of Dnnnrrirke and 

dirz'ict 

Landscap .. . . 

Twenty-thn*. lrictnrcs, hn&callez. . 

LnnrL.enle nrld other views . . 

Phot~pw~yrhh 

ldwnp . . . . 

Takakn Cnnntr Cannril . . Photopnlh of district . . . . 

H. T. hk. \Tmr~~t. - . . . I'oUeetion of rims. W11Icr dixtrint . . 

3tia A. Lick Westlrat - . . . Scmic lihnt~gmldr . . . . 

_$lice Bn~sewitz. Seisou . . . Portmits . . . . . 

Unller C'OIR~ (hnlmittrt. . . . Portrnh of Maori ,@l . . . . 

. . 

3. . . . . EnLugwl lmrtn~itz and special art- 

portrait ~tlnropl~hs 

H . 111id.t. A d 

. . . . C'olkctivr eshibil of I>l~otugra~B>- 

n*. H. firtlett, Auckland . . . . Portrnita b~ ~rlrotopnl~hy . . 

f& Gapnor-Clayton. C'hristchnrch . . Coktive exhibit, p~rtmits m oils . . 

H. J. ,%hmidt. Aucbrland . . . . Poatrnita ~rhoto:al)h> . . 

. . Repmd~~ction of oil pinting of Maori 

chief 1r.c Cl~nriec F. Goklie 

Arud. 

Cmld medal. 

s l d award 

gold me&L 

Gold medal. 

Silvk'medal. 

Gdd medal. 

Gold medd 

Silver mednL 

Gold medal 

Highlv cun~~nendptl. 

f;ilvci mr dnl. 

(;OM ntculnl. 

Slwciill au-anl ;1nr1 

gdd m&I. 

(:old n~ednl. 

Silrer n1di11. 

S. $. .lnrd:~u, Granit~ -. . I. . - . . 

1. H I . \ . - . CmII~ctivc exhibit, ~ilroto,maphs . . 

\rinldemann, Jncbnd . . . LnnrLreqler: and nther riew . . Gold medal. 

Intchencc Iklr~rtment, Sen- So~~th Photo~,~lh- of picttimcjttr =men- Silver metM. 

\i-& 

Raphnel Tuck ;mncl Sow (Limited), Engravit~%. ~~lo:o~irnres. raldm- C:dd medal. 

London 

tyw*. facsinlilea nnd arl 11lro?ochromes 

Specid award and 

gold medaL 

silver mednL 

Hirw commmdrui. 

(;old m*L 

.. 

sikd'd~ 

Special alrard and 

@Id medill. 

Silver medal 

+~~~BDTTISIOS 3 . - E ~ kxn o ~ O T H ~ ~PBCL~~; PHOTOS. 

InteUigenoe Department, Sew South Photographs of lrictnresque ~ c e n S~ i 

w& 

Mtto .. . . . . Four photopralds, panels of pastoral Gold mednl. 

industries 

Ehn nnd Co.. Webgton . . . Carbon photographs . . . . . at 

medal

Xame. 

F. J. Denton, Kauganui . . . . 

Herman Schmidt. Anckland . . . . 

Rev. E E Sewton, Ckkfxhmch . . 

A. P. Harper. Grerewouth . . . . 

J. Ring, Greymouth . . . . 

Dr. Teichelmam, Holdtika . . . . 

Jirs G. J. Roberts, Hokitiks . . . . 

Richards and Co., Balkat, Titoria . . 

H. J. Schmidt, luc- . . .. 

- Exhibit. 

ELTvePLbi bf phot~&~hs 

Pbtqrapas .. . - 

ad* 

. . 

.. . - . . . 

-. . - . - . . 

Award. 

Gold medal. 

Special a d 

gold XnedaL 

Silver medal 

Gold medal 

. . . 

photdbph of g'a;dens . . 

Collective exhibit, photagmp~~ Gold ~~ 

F b 

Depdment of Tourist and Health Re- c0laectlr-e display nf photogfnphs . . 

sbrra, Wellington 

Proprietors of the Toam ad C'nnntry CoUective exhibit of photographs . . Silver medal 

JourmrI, Sew Soutll Wales 

J. Rii, Greymouth . . : -. - .. Photos, StPtecoUieri~fl . . . . Highly commended. 

CLASS 30.-UCHISERY FOR WOOD AND .METAL SVORKLYC:. 

Scsororsros 1.-3Lscmn~y mu WOOD-WOUHI~FG. 

Thomas R o h n and Son (Limited). \Vooclworking machiwry.. .. Special award and 

,Yea Sonth Wales 

pld medd 

Collett and Son, Dannerirke . . . . Friction fed for mwndhg ma- Highly mmmen~led. 

chiaery 

.J. Sutolifie and Sona Englad . . \roodworking machinery . . Cold mdiL 

high and Ca . . . . . .. . . 

.. 

Clements . . . . . . .111tomntic hck-knife wood-workin% Silver nl~lal. 

lnthe and attachments 

bthe @ 

Fox >Inchine C'omp~ny, G.S.A. . . \Vdn-orlring m:tchiiery . . (:old rnd~l- 

.J. Sngm and Co., T" -. 

. . .. . . Silver medatl. 

Kircher and la, Lon n . . . . . . (:old medal. 

Mqe Shipley Machine Tuol C;)mpn~. 

U.S-4. 

Austin Eddy . . . . - - 

\V. .Lsqnith (Limited), Eqhntl . . 

Senecn F& Coml~ny . . -. 

Champion Blom-er and Fo~e Company, 

U.Sd 

.I Fautier and Cn.. Paris . . . 

Hudson a d Griftitl~ England. . . . 

Candy Otto Comlmny, CS.-1. . . 

W- \\'hitel> En&d . . . . 

Ckmpion Man116acnuing Compn~ . . 

Electrici~lly clrivm hiih-s+ lnthe 

Enter@*e s;lxh-~~ullt.p mortiser . . 

Four iron-workiug lathes . . . . 

and 

wh-sld rnrlinl clrilhq-machine 

Star high-grade ~~c.rctssnion ironwork- 

.. . . 

Drilling-machines, forges, and blowers 

Drilling-machines d tire- benders. . 

Treadle ironworkin:; lnthe . . Si\-~r n~ednl 

Forges and Mower . . . . Righly cnmniendecL 

t&a& ~~r tlri&- machine . Siver m&l. 

Gold me&[- 

Sig 

J[nnnfuctruin,ff Comlmny . . titi-1 Domestic sewing-machine . . Special rad and 

gold mednl. 

. . Geneml exhibit, sewing-machines . . Ditto. 

. . 3Lnnufact1uiug-machine .. . . Gold d l 

&head ~imited.~bnnedin . . . . \Tertheirn family sewing-machine . . Wver mednl. 

Singer hnfncturing Comnpan~ . . Family sewing-machine . . . . Vfild medal. 

Wheeler and \ Tin . . . . Imlmved rotnryahuttle lockstitch S'ivcr medal. 

rm~chine

CLASS 51.-SE\TLYG, mITTWG. AND PRmTIKG ~ ( ~ E s - ~ n d . 

x.ms 

~ h u r c Press h Compn,r (Limited) 

C e and Gotch Pmpriaaq (M). 

~ U r c h 

Sbnon-mos 

S. Peach and Sons. h'ot&ghm. Engkad 

J. S. Schnartz and h.. C ! h d . . 

John Haves. WelLqpn . . 

Donald A d Sons (Luaitedl. 3&ermn.. 

Ashby, Betph, and Co. (Limited). U dL 

c h d 

H. Seaton. Wellington 

s. s. \mite Dental 3hn11faa;;ing Corn: 

poqv. U.S.A. 

Oliver Tppsnritu hmpmy (Limited) . . 

New 7ahnd 'J!gedt.er nnd Supplies 

hmpny. Chrktehurch 

I#t.tO .- . . . . . . 

E and C!. .Tohanm. Dinstom . . 

L C Knight and b.. Chriwchurch 

Yerex. Barker, and Finlay (Limiti): 

Wellingson 

Addressograph Limited. London . . 

-4uhmatie Fim ('omlmny (Limitwl) . . 

F. Lucas. Christchurch . . . . 

Sortomox 3-~~le;~c-~~rr 

>ladel of lace-curtain machine . . 

hdp-floes machines . . 

\-=--fan for coa~niihe . . 

Pittsburgvisible~tela .. 

Rbd's cupet-sweeping machine . . 

Polrr rater-motors . . 

Dentlrl foot-lath and . . 

adding.machine 

(herd exhihir . . . . . . 

- - . 

l"* 

EUl0t.t Fbbm book trlleariter . . 

. . 

Tost typeariters -. . . 

Eta* roller lettercopier 

~ i wonder ~ e pumping plant 

domestic water-supply 

Patent bearing for vehirler; . . 

'- Dey " time-recorder . . . . 

Eational rash-registers . . . . 

Addmmop!~h machine . . . . 

Patent fillingmaohme . . . . 

.\lachine far making ppr tubes for 

cigamttes from r coil of pper 

A d . 

Gold mdaL 

Special a n d and 

gold medal. 

>loen~la Machine-worh (Limited). (k- \Vekeewer, channelk. and mle- Cmld mdnL 

-P 

mo* 

H. J. Weeks (Limited). Ckistchareh . . Light nuchines for ofke une 

Gkudius Asl~ Sons. and Co.. London . . Lathe-motor and dental foot-htb; ' 

>Ionarch typniter and R~~r011ehk'h 

.I. Foa.lcr and Cd. (Linritrd) England . . Tractionagine 

.J. and H. McL~ren. England . . . - 

Sidney. Straker. and Squire. En+d . . Traction-wagon 

St. Pan- Iron ('ompany. England . . .. 

Special nwml u~atl 

gold medal. 

(hhl nlrcial. 

('ommended. 

Gold medal. 

Special award :IIII~ 

gold medal. 

Chid medal. 

. . . . (:old medal. 

. . Special award :and 

gold medal. 

. . . . Ditto. 

. . . . (hld medal. 

STBDIVISIUS 

3.-ELECRMYOTOBS, 

DYZ~OS, 

ElV. 

Gloueeater ca- and Wagon Vompsny. Photographs, Technical Science k- Highly wnamendt~l. 

England tion 

Tulcan Foundry Company. England . . P-phs and drawings, Technical 

Sohcr Section 

Metmplitan Carriage and Wagon Cam- Ditto . . . . .. 

PY. Jw-d 

North British Locomotive Company. .... . . . . . . Silver medal. 

England 

Cape C'hvernment RPilwa . . ...... . . ......

Xuna. Eshibir A d . 

Suuth-w- Railway ( 'ompany . . Pbowph awl drawings, Technical Silver medal. 

Smence seekion 

~letiunian Railway (*'ompamy . . Ditto . . . . . . 

~euge C-IU, . . s~odek 

Turnbull and Jones (Limitrd), Chris& Jky - Otvay pteat electric fira 

church rhrm 

for tec& instmotion . . (;OM &a1. 

pump 

Greenlie! and Kennedy (Limited), &I- Water-works appliancar . . .. 

Thomsa Robinaoa itnd Sona (Limited), Flour-milling machinery . . 

Esslend 

J. E. Hall (Limited). ~ b h England . Rehigerat' machinery . . . . 

A n b s Limited, Christchmh . . cd1eotivc %bit nf machinery . . 

X- W e y and Sons (Limited), Dudle~ 

Lucu Bnrr (Limited). thriwcharrhh . . 

Smith. London. per E. \V. Yi . . 

J. iincl \V. '.lcc,Ywcght. England . . 

i;eorge Hvdpm (Limited). Eagh~d . . 

Ct -4. >h~donald . . . . . . 

.. . . . . . . 

b~~th. $a~&naId, C.O.. (.6;iteh& 

The British Lin& Refrigemting('0rnpny 

(Limited). England 

t:w-~ne. per J. .I. Sivm nnd ('a. . . 

E. Arnodin. Frenm . . . . 

Forgings . . . . 

Collective exhibit'of mauhinery . . 

JIodel of sprocket and chain for bur11 

mQii+W@ 

Strat-sraping machine . . . . 

Wml+wouring machines . . . . 

Fast loom for woollen-weavi~~g . . 

Hercules ice-macbme . . -. 

-rtic cream-cooler . . . . 

Fairbanb Mom steam-parnlr . . 

Lhrnicnl-engine . . . . 

Freezing-machines . . .. 

('mtrifugal !rump . . 

Hand rivetinq-machine . . 

Highly commended. 

S~EC&~ sward and 

gold medal. 

(Add medal. 

Special awonl and 

gold mednl. 

Chid mednl. 

S& award and 

gold medal. 

Ditto. 

Gold medal. 

Highly mmmemletl. 

Silver medal 

CLId mdsL 


gold d l . 

4 hrld medal. 

Turnbull anti .Jones (Limitnl). (briut- StPam-engine coupled to &wneratr~r. . 'Solcl narlitl. 

cht~mh 

Thomea Falvey. C'hrlitchurvh.. . . Reversible steam-engine . . . . .. 

\Verctinyhouau Bralie ( bmlwny. London (~lu.-enyineJ . . . . 

.blemotu limited ('hrirtch~~mh . . 

T. H. Cavehill, Ctdhurch . . . . 

( Lmphell GAw-enpinr Comyaov, Ea~gland 

L (:. Knight and C'o. ikktehureh . . 

Blackstone and C'o. England . . .. 

Homby, England . . . . . . 

Ryan nnd ('0.. A~wbd . . . . 

Dudbridge. England . . 

(;lobe Ironworks. V.S.-A. . . 

F. ~ A Y . 

Chrbtrhctrrh . . 

Double-cylinder oilsngine . . 

4 hlene-engine . . . . 

oil-engine . . . . . . 

Collective exhibit. uil-mgincr . . 

. . 

IM4Ilgiw .. . . . . 

C'oMve exhibit of rurio~ur vil- 

Tm oil-mgkw . . . . 

Oaeportableoil-mgine .. 

Oil- d for launcbts and 

stirtiwnrvuas 

-\'tion;rl I~tent oil-aginc 

S1yc:ial awivtl .inti 

gold medal. 

(;old mnedal. 

Highly wmmen&L 

&Id medal. 

-. 


Gold mcdsl.

game. Exhibit. A d 

C'ampklL Gas-producer Plant, England Suction-gas plant and engine complete Gold medd 

Sational C;as-en@e Comlmy (Limited) Special aud auld 

- gold medal. 

S~BDIVISIOI ~%-&CHII$EBY 

John Shuu- (Limited), Sheffield . . 

.. ., . . 

Fleming, Birkby, and

Sr~ur JZxhibit. 

L &la. The Fork3 . . . . . . Ritk rimier . . 

4 . . M i l e y . . . . Exhibit of rim& . .I. .UuIliuan. L* Creek . . . . Mottled iilser-I& . . 

Aunl. 

. . Siker medal. 

. . Highly commcudeci. 

Srtlu~vm,r :{.-BARK. 

J. Reid imd Sous (Limht), Adelwide . 11-atrle-lmrk (dmciu ppxdh) . (;old n~dl. 

.lau~es FilIrlH and Sun*. Srtv SIIII~~ \\;tIt-s 

.L Roln.rtson. \\-it~gantti . . . . ( 'i~rrrtl 

1liIli1r.s \Vest .411strnli;u1 H;~nlwml 4 '0111- 

ystny. ('11rrLtc.lrureh 

Dittn . . . . -. . . 

I). .\it-Lt.;~n. Grtymo~~th . . . . 

.J. Park. Hokith . . . . . . 

ErIrkan and Son. Ilwunr . . . - 

P~111t-llt4 wall, Scr Zeidin~cl tin11n.r 

Ye\\- Pl~n~uuth S;tsh ;anti Dw ( 'u~nlc~n>- F:~n(-y \-rr;tnclaI~ . . . . 

H. Hairstor. -4sl1lurto1l . . - - DIIS~ i;ual dr;tu~ht erel~alcr fn)n~ 

door 

1nl;tid f~1Je-tol~ :and tray . . 

I:ullrcti\-e dislllny d jitm~l~ 

Hukltikt Rcmttzh ( ('I)IIIB.II . . . . 

\Vales 

I?. -1. u e 

t i 

B~lrgL~r-frmof .self-lwkiug x;ul~ i~ud 

frame 

Students' work-doors. I-IIII~M, till~lc-. 

Sil~tlr?;. &F. 

Dwn . . . . . . . . 

and ~vern~itltttl . . 

III;III~~~ 

.linhr \r-hecl . . . . . . 

\\~eittlwrln:~d~~ tim. stitirs, ht111stn~dinc 

(hllmtive exhibit . . . . 

Ln~itzrtion inli~M tirldt--top. +~IIUIC~ 

lunel*. frieze. ;~nd wiling 

4 I k - I . . . . . . 

\Vudrork ant1 c-:tbimtn~nlrig (rt~t- 

olents- \va~rk) 

Huttc-r-lu~scs . . . . . . 

h;o:lt . - . . . - -. 

P:trin?r-l;oI~*.k* . . . . . . 

tiruln-r . . 

Silver nitdnl. 

( :ole1 lllt~l~ll. 

Si1vt.r n~crlitl. 

. . . . \V:~lMng-.iti~. Sew Zeitlilnd \vmls Highly comn~e~dcd. 

A. \ViILwroft. \Vitil~t~knrnu - . . . I t l t . . . . Silver 111dd. 

SCBDI~L+LUS ~.--C'W,PE~~C:E. 

\V. Couk. Palmerston Surtl~ . . . . T;~llouboxes 

S. Yal* and Cb. (Li~uitd), Cl~rist- Beer-maslir . . . . . . (:old medal. 

cl1urrIl 

- mslm. beer - kegs. hntter- Highl\- numendd.

Sew Zcalancl fiutncm' ('v-vlmtire ..-4s- Beekeeping alqdian . . .. Guld d 

miat ion. ~l~ristchuwh 

CUSS 24.-AGRIG'C'LTL-RAL PRODUCTS. 

S~BDIVEIUS l.-\bu~. 

\-irturim Go\-ernn~eut . . .. Tuscan wheat .. - - 

. . . . F'urpktmw T-an wheat 

R. GaAer. Ctwt .. . . .. Toscur &eat .. . . 

. . .. Hunter's white . . 

.lob &hnar. boFles&l . . . . Pead wheat . . . . 

.I. T. Blackmore. S priv . . .. .. . . . . 

L Mehchlan. Leeston . . . . . . .. 

.. . . . . Tuac~n wllrat . . . . 

.. . . H~mnter'n White . - 

1'. ~'ha';nberlaia &to11 . . . . Yelvet-chnft rrbt . . 

Sow Zealand Laan and Jlercantilc -.\&.CI~CJ- \\beat . . . . 

C'omlany (Limitd). Christeharrh 

Jloir and t '0.. C'lIri*tchun.lI . . .... . . . . 

Scak and had do^ Sebon . . . . ,- .. . \I-. Sl~el~herd. South ('anterh~ry .... . . h \\-. Jackson, Blenheim . . -. ,, . , . . 

JCeCnllum Rm. Blml~eim . . .... . . . . 

1). Bihell. Bleuheim . . .... . . . . 

(;. (;. Stead and ('0.. C?~ristcl~~~n.h . . Paart u-l~ecbt . . . . 

. . Tt~uuilll u-heat . . . . 

9- - . . \-dvet wkt . . . . 

.. . . Hunter-s u-hitc . . 

drntb~\-~s~t#s f -HMw?I- (&I.=(;). 

H. Sen\-e nnll (b.. bton . . . . t hcralier hrlcy . . 

\V. Watson. S~uthhridge . . . - .. . .I. Parkinwn liaitnm . . -. . . 

.I. 0. C'nol~. Little River . . . . . . 

(:. (;. Stead and ('0.. C!hri%chnn.L . . Jlt~lting 

turlt~>- . . . . 

Sew Zealand Loan and .\lemantilc ,+nc.y . . 

t 'onqwny (Limited), C'hristchurch 

('antcrbur?. Xew &land Stwl Uvml.tn\., 9, . . . . 

Cllristchurch 

Sapier Chamber vf Crutwurm. . . Skinless hrhr . . . . 

S& and Haddvw. Sebn . . . . Barlq-. . . . . . 

H. I). \irrwur. Blcnhrin~ . . .... (nulting) C'hrrdier 

-. .. 11 .. rind-resisting 

11. UishelL Hlenl~eio~ -. .... (malting) . -lrth~r \\3ff.-a. Bl&i~n . . .... .. C'uelier 

. . . . -. .. wind-minting 

sew Zkud hrn a~yd 31;reantih- ~~~y - [~ndting, . . 

Gorupxny. Chriatc1111n-h 

Sr;mnl\z~lus ~.-BAIILEY (Care). 

Svrth Canterbury (lu-operative Aswcia- C.lw b.rlr?;r .. . . 

tion, Empoi 

-Vsa Zedand Loan and Jimcantik Agenry ,. . Corn- (Limited), Christeburuh 

Sapk Chamber of Commcrce .. .- . - 

\'ietmian Uovernment - - .. Srrltiog . . 

.. . . . Caw Lult-r . . 

I). BishclL ~%IcII~~*~III 

. . . . 9. . . 

Gold m d . 

~ilver'kedal. 

K hlg commended. 

O& mectd. 

Silver medal. 

.. 

(;old medal. 

(;old medal. 

Hily c.ommrndcxl. 

Silver medal. 

(:old ;;l*l. 

*. 

Silver mdai. 

Silver n1eda1. 

Silver d. 

Kihly ~omtmtwlc-tl. 

C-ld nwdd 

Highly avn~~uendd.~ 

Silver medal.

Xuur.. Exhibit. A d . 

R Evans, YF.ilrui . . . . . . Witer b k 

dNcIsc:hbu.~~ -. .. Danish 08ts .. . . . 

Fleming and Cb., In~mfl.. .. chhneal . . . . . . Silver ~ucdrl. 

G. G. &,ad and Co.. Ch.isteh~h . . Dnn long oab . . . . . . Gold medal. 

.. . . Garton long oats . - . Silver medal. 

.. . . Long o&s (Stanr Ki) . . . . God ~ u d . 

SOW Zabutl Lmu a d Yrtmt.ilc -Ig.c~~r~- Usta (Tnrtarhu) . . . . Silver N&L 

~mpmu~ (Limited), Clvistcl~~~rrh 

Napicr Chamher of Commerce . . -4lgeri.n oats . . . . . . .. 

Nede curd -or. XeL- . . .. Oats .. . . - - . . . 

Victorian Government. . . .... (Tmtarian) . . . . 19 

SCBUI\Z!~ 5.-( ).aW (nW0BT). 

Tartpri.U . . . . Highly no~~m~NtrluL 

D. Bil. Blailheir~ . . . tan N I ) . . . . Ould u~vdsl 

.&cUll~~n~ Brw., B1cnhci111 . . .... (lbebs~ and -Ugwia11) .. KqMy cruuuuendtd. 

Thom IUl, Blenheim . .- .. (ahort) .. . . . . Gold IU& 

T. Lcvemo~l. Cheviot . - ..

Salue. Eruibit. Awdrd. 

New Ztdaud h a n d 3Itwcwtik +my Peas . . . . . . . C:ultl nuqlaL 

Compsuy (Limited) 

\ii~toriau Cv~~rnment -. .... whitu &M.. . .. 

.. .... . . 

F. Jrd%ue. ElltYnllprc. . . . . 

North G~nte-ei.b~~y Co-ulwratirtt hweia- 

Uon, Jinialwi 

Save a d Co., LL'~'rit0n . . . . 

G. G Stead and Co.. . . New 2i?aleucl ha11 aud Jhwu~le Agc~lcy 

Colupauy (Limited) 

Victorian Gowmment . - . . 

Prlwiau-ldw ~ M x s .. 

Dun pesri .. . . 

Pas . . . . . . 

.- (w.-hklt-ll) . - . . 

,. (blno snd w.%liELid). . 

.. . . 

. .. (Yor~u~u~kro) 

,. (Mtce sud wrinkled). . 

Scuurv~slos 1 2 4 ~ s sWYEU. r 

G. LC. Stc+aal slul ('u., C'hristchurel~ . C'n~l*ry 

sin; '-i,L 

Gold lurrlirl. 

.. 

.. 

-. 

.- 

.- 

.YYYL . . . . . . (:ul11 111tvld. 

SKBUIVL~UX ~~.-~~;BICGLTWILUI SEEUS. 

hvi bwe. Rullextu~l . . . . \f%itc.+lu\vr .set& . . . . 

Kilitu~ch . . . - .. slvcl . . . . 

U. Parki~tsv~~. 

-L JIt.Lwl~br~~ Im.*fv~l . . . . 1tdia11 rye-glilts .it& . . . . 

Jul~ Oshonu., Ellts~uuru . . . . .. . . . . 

E B. (Zuway, Ay1mbt1~ . . . . I%-munial rq.c.-g'lat* . . . - 

\%nt sucl J. H. J[oc~*qw~uury. Little Cwk~fuot . . . . . . 

River 

\V. & P.ukiusmn. K%ita~lrr . . . . -. . . . . 

S. Hausis, Littli. Riwr .. . . -. . - 

J. 3LPi~t.mo1~. C'lti+vio~t . . . . PI-.I.IIII~PI rp--~.ra~ . . - 

-4. >[~.Phc.rso~~l. S~~~thl)ri~. . 

- A 

- -. - - 

J. 0. Uool~, Lttlv R~II-~ . . . . t ix*bfw~t . - . . . . 

9, 9. . . . . Yam~w . . . . . . 

Hid? co~suurtaM. 

Si1b.c.r n~tul:L 

Highly ru~~ll~~c.nchL 

Cun~n~n~cltrl. 

Uvlcl nlc-lld. 

( 'vm~ucndt~L 

Uvld 1uetlsl. 

FIigllly eutunlvncttuL 

c:wlC1 llld. 

Sttttoll awl SUIL*, EII~LLII~ . . .. I'~~llrc-tio~l uf iyriic111t11r;rl rtrul... &I.. .. 

Sout hlslul Esa;~~ii\-t~ (h~nluittcu: . . Ifi~llection of rain . . . . 

Agcic;~~ltn~d Dvlwrt~~le~lt. Sew tSollth Cul1tx;tiol~ of grawcts in rht-d irlul 

\Vdw tbmhwi 

Ditto .. - - . - . . Cullmtion tlf grziu in ai~t+af zncl 

tlmhal 

C. G. St& nu1 CO., C.ltristcIturc11 . C'ullrutiun vf pi- agrir~~it~mrl. vmatable, 

slltl twa m d ; also ~ :;11a\?s 

of grain 

-, . . AL4il;p-clover -1 . . . . Sire*. 1urcIill.. 

.. .. . . \vhitr-clover xeed .. 

9, n . RWI-~OVOC .M . .

ZTuue. 

G. G, Stad and &I., Chrhrtchureh 

I). B. ~dmeu 

SEW ZEALAND ESHIBITIOS. 

. . 

(C/O Std and (3.) . . 

.f 

if,.,. ~eelsnd I'uu mi 31ureautiiu &&i; 

c-mch 

ICsw and &nei, Ghrkt~h~h . . 

D. '~ho-, Ashburton . . . . 

alonial Snpr Oo~llpsny, Fiji . . . . 

Thum~~as Horton, Hastiup . . . . 

JLi~~irnt~r for Apricldttllrc. &111th .411wtdia 

H. D. &dio~id. Sgarunwahi . . . . 

Exhibit. 

A d . 

of @c?ldtd wed . . Guld 111d. 

dried gmRsw . . Silver ~uedd. 

root- .. . . Gold medal. 

vep~ble-ds .. Silver m d 

treed . . . 

agricultnral 4 . . 

fpsscs 8nd p-4- 

-4 and apicultd 

reedn 

aggclllursl #eedK .. 

phBnclgra9lld5.. 

?ow Zedand Fanners' O'-opersti~~* dSsocktion, 

Christchmeh 

Sapier Ghsn~ber of Comuerac, 

Cauterb- Seed Camlmny. Christch-h Clu~fndiou of agricultural s(y.rLs .. Gold 111la1. 

Xnirrter oi Agricultwro, Victoria -. ,- 1. . . Silver u ~ d d 

Conrad lplwl, Darmstadt . . . . Fort*. grass and agriai&ural wd:. .. 

Friodlrmdcr BIWL, Mb~~rton . . Collectio~l d pain . . +- 

T. F. Barness Fiji . . . . . .. agrienltnrd 'As (tuu- .. 

L i d -. . . . . Highly eo~~u~~e~ultrl. 

?dm. Bemwker. Anclrlaud . . . . New-Zeahcl-gruau arrowroot . S~r~id award uric1 

T. F. BI~I~s!~, 

Fiji . . a . 

gold UICW. 

. A.-rmt . . . . . . Gc11d I I I ~ ~ . 

X~tivwofSoclr~Fiji .. . . .. -. . . . . I. 

SOBI#I\'ISIOS 21 .-POTATOES 

K \VitheU, fiaialr)i . . . Twenty-turu varieties of potatues . Guld ~uttclal. 

H. E JIuGuffa~ k%~th Grutc-rln~ry . . bllrrticn~ of w o e . . . . .. 

. . Gold ~t~dnl. 

SuBDmIsolT m-oTmB FIELD ItOOlS 

PomU Bm., Fiji . . . . G i i . . . . . . Guld U I ~ 

Brodzink and Co.. Fiji . . . V d . . . . . . 99 

T. E Hartley and Son. T r a d . . IJmu- led tobxco . . S i r 

luedd. 

Xativea of Xadroga. F'iji . . . . . . Highb c o ~ c ~ ~ ~ S

Xame. Exhibiit. 

H. G. Holland. XeLso~l . . .. Hops .. . . 

b Jkstsns, RiveE3iea . . ...... . . 

J. Kihimter, Nelson .. .. ., .. . . 

E. Burton a d Co., Nelriou . . .. ,, .. 

tC Holland, Neboa . . -. ...... 

SU~U~VL~WS 3 0 . 4 OF ~ O~LUBES. ~ ~ 

Strttorl a ~ Sow, d England . . . Collection of modeLv of vegetables and 

f m roots 

7. . . . . Collection of dried grasms and grassassds 

\V. Seecornbe. Xew South Wale* . . Pucrpelam diluhfrrrnt seeds.. . Silver medal. 

lmesmere Gniu Agemy . . .. Itdin rye-gnav seed . . . . Gold medal. 

w- PdChSOn,mtlUla .. . . cow-gr8mi . . . - -. 

L Irowe, Rorleaton . .. 

. . . . . 7. . - . . . . 

3, 

F. Stev011~)n. cheviot . - . . *. . . . . . . Silver rucnLL 

J. Porkinson. Kaituna . - -. .. . . . - . . 

1, 

J. 0. Coop Little River . . .. ,. . . . - . . 

. . .. f ' e ~ l ~ .. - ~ . . (;old &dd. 

H. ~i;Ictson, d n . . . . COW-gruw . . . . Silver ntedel. 

G. C. Stead d Co., ~kristeh&h . . ~rr*iteddogstail'-1 . . . . 

.. -. . . &wing's fmun . . . . 

3. .. - . . hksfoot .. . . . . 

., . . Wian rye-pus d . . . 

.. . . 

. 

Rred rye-fpsa Ysecl . . . . 

.. . . Coktion of agricttlt~trrl b ~ m - d 

.. .. cow-grw .. . . . . 

Sow Waud Luea and Jhrosntilr Agvirq Collection uf &pw-wmd- . . . - 

Co~up~ty (Limited) 

Xapier Cha~nber of Coout~eretc 

Nde aud &&low, Xebn . . 

. . ., 

. . UJW-pxs .. 

. . 

. . 

-. 

. . 

.\Iitcl~c+ke~~ a~al Co. Attclihud 

Lintcln Hutchiwu. jfa~nilto~~ 

Sew Zealsnd Fart~lrm' Co-clpmti\-u A-3- .. 

. . .. ~~x . . . . 

-. . . 

cistion, C'hdstehurch 

t.!. Shearor, Jlikonui . . . . . . , . . . . 

. . Special a d 

gold medal. 

t:oltl n~wlal. 

I:L,I'sY 25. -\\TSI.S, SPIRITS. BEERS, ('ORDMIS, AERATEL) \VAl!EKS. 

SFBIBI~~~I#IS 

I.-~ATcR~T. It-lSES, THZ PRODCCT OF THE (;RAPB; BLXSDEU SSD SVT J3L~l~Ell 

LIGHT A2YD FULL-IU)DIPD. 

Te lI*-ta Viieprd, Hadock Sorth. Claret . . -. . . . . Gold malaL 

=- 

Ditto . . . . . . . . Hmk . . . . . . . . .. 

t. . 

. . . . . .. Jla* . . . . 

JLixrciun, ?inpier . . . . BIII~IIJ~ 

~~uwtrrur 

.* . . . . . , &--thnd .. . . 

(dry):A . . . . .. 

am1

CLA$fj %.-\VINES, SPIRITS, BEER!& CORDINS, AERATED WATERS-eontind. 

SXIBDIVIS~X I.-NATURAL \Vmss, rim Prsonvcr rn TBB GWE. m.--~~ltind. 

N8ma Exbibit 

Meeum &&on, Napier .. . Port, red . . 

.. . . . - -Utu-"ine -white . . 

.. . . .. JI.rJr (sweet), white .. 

. . . . \7ermonth (me&), white 

~e~'?inepds, & . . . . Claret @lended). . . . 

. . . . (light dinner) 

B. S&U, ~ua&le:'~awke'o Ba?- . . Ghibits of Xew Zealand'& 

G. hth, Koro*, 31adborough . . White nine . . . . 

cluraut-wine .. . . 

Xpwine .. . . 

Bemy-wine .. . . 

Rue-wine .. . . 

c€#mtantia .. -. 

Port .. . . . . 

C w t i a .. . . 

. . . 

. . . . 

.. . . . . JIu~cat . . . . 

Greenmeadnwa Vinepard, Hnwke'r Bap Light oht . . . . 

Hock .. . . . . 

Light Bmgzmd~ . . 

chaw . . . . 

yo'armg red wine. IWi vintagc 

Sweet led wine (lmrt) . . 

.. red wine (eonstnniio) 

.. white wine (Madeire) 

Special Pedro Ximen~t. winv 

Spial muscatel . . 

Olomp she- . . . 

;\montilladn x1wn-v . . 

.\@ux claret t&) . . 

('llateau Idlrome(d) .. 

Anud. 


. . .. . . 

. . .. 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

.. 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. - 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. * 

.Saint Entephe (red) . . 

CLASS E.-\mES, SPIRITS, BEERS, CORDIXS, AERATED WATEWLcrntind. 

Xunp. 

S. Msming and C'o. (Limited) . . 

-. 

W. 8&han d Co. " . . - 

. - . - 

Nahr andkns . . . . . . 

S. Jlonteith . . . . 

staples and CO. (~irdi;ed) . . . . 

.. 

\Vd and Co. . . . . 

Exhibit. A d . 

Bulk stout not esceedhg 2.5 lb. Silver m a 

P* 

Stmng ale in bottle . . . . Gold mednl. 

Light$embottle .. . . 

Stout m bottle . . .. ~ilver"m~~ 

B* ale not exmeding %*ib. gra"ty 

Ale in bottle (wlonial) . . Gold &dal. 

Stmt in bulk not excee@ng % ib ., 

gravity 

Ale in bulk not exceeding 20 lb. Silver mednL 

gravity 

SCBD~IOX ~.&BDW &urn W~mm, m. 

Chcystall and Ca, Christch~mh . . Ship brand d a l s . . . . ~8ilw-r medaL 

Thomson nnd Co.. Duedin . . . Lemonade . . . . . Gold medal. 

.. . . . . Soda-water . . - - 

.. 

.. 

. . .. ~iIq%-a~e (in quarts) . . . . silrei"4 

. . .. ckdlals . . . . . Gold medal. 

. . . . . Orange-bit- . . . . . . Silver medal. 

Qainim 

. . . . 

Fletcher, Harnl>lwgr, rind Co., Christchural~ 

Ditto . . . . . - . . 

" . - . . . . -. 

Hi~milton and Gey. P;~llnerston Xorth. . 

K Mace :lnd C'n., (.'hci.tcli~~rcl~ . . 

-1. Tenneut . . . . . . 

Rohert Clent-e, Inrrkrgill . . . . 

Lane ;mntl Cn.. D~mnedh . . . 

(:. \\'nrd d Cn.. Cluistch~arch . . 

Thomson, Leuriv and Co.. \\'ellington . . 

. . . - 

F. \\%it loclc'ilncl h-. \'anga&i 

Tho~nson and Co.. Dunedin . . 

Shiup Brm., Christchurch . . 

. . . 

9. . 

Shnrpe Brna . . . - 

Phomix Aerated Water C'onil~oy (Li- 

mited), Wellington 

\V. -A. Ross and Sons (Limited), Belfast, 

hhnd 

Phrcnix Aernted Water Company (Li- 

carbonated cider' . - . . 

Ginger-& -. . . . . 

Golden-apple chamme cider . . 

Colden-apple cider in draught . . 

For escdlence in bottlino . . 

CordialY . . . . . . 

Aerated waters and eordinlr . . 

Te h ha mineral waters. . . . 

Pure apple-cider . . . . 

Collection of wnlinls nncl aerated 

waters 

CordiaLz . . . . . . 

=--a non-~leoholic cnncentrntd 

cordin1 

SprHing Bii . . . - . . 

Bilz Punch, non-alcolmlic . - 

...p llinaeis water, best cnllcctire 

exhibit 

Ditto, special bottling . . . . 

Apollinnris water . . . . 

Aptn water .. . . -. 

Co* . . -. . . 

\';li-rongoa natural mineral water 

Bred bewrap (non-alcoholic) . . 

cordids -. . . . . 

. . . * . . 

&*lit . . . . . . 

Lemon quash . . . . . . 

Aernted waters . . . . . . 

Cdkwtive exhibit, corclinls, Bc. 

mited) 

A. E. &mP, Gore . . -. Lime-juice, ginger-wine, hopbeer . . 

.. 

Codit&. nernted u-nter?;, minenl 

waters, ginger-alc 

Gi& .. . . . . 

Corncob Punch . . 

~ighl;: commended. 

Silver medaL 

Spciitl a d and 

gold medal. 

Ditto. 

Gold medaL 

Silver mt&L 

Gold-mdtL 

Special a\twrl md 

gold med;~L 

Ditto. 

hid Ledn~. 

Silrer mnedal. 

Cold md~l.

CLASS !5.-tmEfi. SPIRITS. BEERS, CORDLUS, AERATED \V-4TER_5Hiinucdcd 

Sw~rns~o~ ~.---COBDI~IS, -TED WATERS, =.---cmtinud 

Same. Exhibit. Arard. 

He& Pain. West* . Cordislrs, &a, incl~~ding lemonade Cornmendeb 

R Wiime and Co., ~estpo* . . 9. 9. 

Mrs. Dam, Reefton .. 

~a.-rd ~ros. and &. (~imiii), &: &la . . .. Silvecmeda~ 

&arch 

Suecesnor to Ludwig Buff, Germanr . . Bitters.. . . . . . . Gold medal 

Xra W. Pm. Sonth Canterbury . Home-ma& mine . . . Highl~ commended 

Wa Hibbane ,- . . . . . . . ,. 

Nrs. Dwand .. . . . . .. . . . . . . 9, 

Liebii's Gnda~turing Cblupntly, U.G.4. Dr. Liebig's -parills . . . . Gold I U ~ . 

Csntrell and Coohrenr, Belfm. . . Dry Imperial ~~r-ale- 

. . .. 

S~DIVISIOX I.SPIRXTS. 

Xrtsc* atlci, Co., Adelside . . . . Spiritp of \Yic . . . . . 

Hurnendco.. *hide .. . . .. . . . . . . 

Brow1 ruld Psnk (1~1. Grimn and 1)sm) bngenek brandr . . . . 

Greenlees Bra, Ghpr (per G l i ~ 

Scotch bulk n-hisky . . . . 

and DariY) 

J. Lgom and Ca. (huited). (per Grier- Thmgmurton Seotch d~inb . . 

son and Dark) 

Craipllachin Glenlimt Diiillq Chnl- Gselir Old S1i1i11r 0 . . 

psny (LiiGtt


CL-LSS 25.-\VINES, SPIRITS. BEERS, CORDU9, AER-ITED WATERS-mntinrrrd. 

WUBDIVISIOX S . ~ r t i n u e d . 

Xulte. Exhibit. Award. 

Crernlees Bros., Glsspow (pr Griorso~~. CasPr WWC (G.B., special Scotch Cold medal. 

and Davis) *b) 

.. 

3. Jameson and Son. Ireland (wr Griemn Irish esae whisky . . ,. 

and Dsris) 

The Cook and Bernheimer Compsnp, Xew American cotlrtsils . . 

Tork (pr Grimn a d Davis) 

Ditto . . . . .. T nhielry -. -. 

Prter Damon. Glasgow (per ~Zerson al;d EPrfWion Old Scotch caw whisky 

Dm-is) 

Ditto . . . . -. . . .. bra whisky 

C%ri~zehwh Ueat CUIII\~SII~ . . .. tEsms -0nd bacon . . 

~IeChl111m Bros. .. . . . . Baaon . . . . . . 

C1vistch1rc.h Meat (!uu~pa~~y (Limited). . T i d muttoa . . 

.. .... Tinned or-tongues .. 

.. .... Shwp's tongues in glParr jam 

.. ., . . For excellence of eshibit 

.... Poultry in glass jam .. 

'Pubrcm C'~mli~y CUIIL~I~, .~rtr~~~cl . . T i d ahell-tish 

New ZeslantL CJ~II~IIY Cbmpny (Litritrtl). Tinned mullet ... 

. . 

. . 

. - . . 

dl. ~V~MII'. ~ohtilm . . . . 

.. \Y8stpon . . . . 

RI~IIJ. om1 en. (Limited). lu~don . . 

.%at Cumpny (Limited). . 

pns~rvinp; Company (Li- 

.... Pn&rred mats in ghs jntx 

Tinned o m d bmef . . . . 

Braan . . . . 

Tia~vd 

whiteboi't- , . . . 

,. . - . . 

Ox-tongnes in glass jars . . . . 

Bed and chicken emmcw. beef-teq 

meat-juic*c?. and meat-tabloid% 

&ups in tuw and glass jars . . 

Potted meats . . . . . . 

Tiruled corned niuttart~ . . . . 

-. .. beef . . . 

-. xhe6pPs tollgllm . . . . 

.. ox-to~wrn . . . . 

Sheep's tongues in g b jars . . 

Purlr ad bmm . . . . 

Poultry in* jars . . . Resewed meats in g b 

jars . . 

Collective exhibit of preserved meats 

d table dalicawies m glass jrvs 

aodtilm 

Xraw in glass jua . . . . 

Exmct of meat . . 

Tinned potted meats . . . . 

,, cOrned brrf . . . . 

Sheep's tongua. . . . * 

Blaan . . . . . . 

Cumed ehopn .. . . . . 

Gold la& 

9, 

Cold medal. 

9, 

sp& avod 

gold mrurdal. 

Gold medal. 

Sivnr udl. 

sold mtdal. 

Cold Id 

Silver mrdal. 

Cold '&I. 

S i r nt&. 

Silwr mn&l. 

Gold :cdal. 

Silver medal. 

P*ld nmlal.

CLASS 26.-A9131-IL FOOD-PRODGCTS-Wnd. 

SUBD~VISIOX k -w AXD k ~~E PBXPABW. 

Name. B&~ibit. Award. 

Christchnrch &at Company . . . . Extxac6 of meat . . .. Goidmedal. 

A. Uoritrmn and Co.. Dnnedin .. F~pouitry . . .. Sikermedal. 

SUBD~~~SIOJ I.-- CHnri~ Cmr.0~. 

Hendsrson and Co., Ceylon . . Fancy Golden Tips by1011 taa . . Silver medal. 

Rid19 and Son, ~hrht~hurch ' . . Sample colLeocion of 200 varieties of 2, 

tas 

. . .. Tea+dtibit . . . . .. Gold d 

~i~ton'iimited, ~olom'b . . .. F8nq Ceylon tea . .. Special award and 

gold medal. 

Eastam Tea Company. Chriatch . . Tesarhibit, Amber tipn.. . . Gold medal. 

,Yelsoa Ifate, and a. (Limited), Wel- Tsa-ezhibit . . . . . .. 

lingon 

Captain Bobbie, Fiji . .. - - .. Fijian tesa . . . . Silver medal. 

Lipton Limited, Colombo ' . . . . Tee-ezhibit .. . . . . Gold medal. 

SUBDIV~SIOS ASD ~ C O R C 

S. Kirkpatrick and Co. (Limited), Xebn CofFee . . - . . 

T. J. GW and pa. mqni .. &lko coffee .. . . 

D. St- and C'o. Invercargill .. COW.. . . . . 

Symington and C'o. Edinburgh . Essence of co£fee and chicory 

ti'. Gmgg and Co. (Limited). Dunedin . . Cliib brand cotiee . . 

,, . Chicory, masted and qrocmnd 

.... Rue co&. roasted and gmnnd 

Ridle y an; Son, ~hristthmch. . . . C'osta Ri cotFea . . . .. Pure Mocha mtiee . . 

.. 9, 

W. J. ~wim, 

Himrnpluey nnd L h h . ~iji' . .. . . . . 

11 . . . . Enst India cow . . 

~i.i . . C'ofFee-benns . . . . 

. . Siver medal. 

. . 

. . Gold 

. - 

. . Silver m&l. 

. . 

. . Gold *&I 

. . 

. . Hiihly commen lded. 

Sworvrsros 3.-S~xcm, h~gas, J1rs-r~~~. 

S, Kirkpatrick and Co. (Limited), Selson Spices . . . . . . . Silver medal. 

D. Strang and Co.. Inwmmgill . - Spices and pepper . . . . Gold mednl. 

W. Gregg and Co. (Limited). Dunedin.. Peppr, spices, kc. .. .. 9 

S~BDIVISIOS LJ&\ls *D PEE~EBVED 

S. Kirkptrick and Co. (Limited)? ScLm Collective exhibit . . . . 

T. ~nirbro;her. Adelaide *' 

Ji'iter for Agriculture. ~deiide 

J. S. Levesque. Biikenhenrl . . 

Frimley Canning Company, Napier 

F. G. Parsonson and Sons, Dallingt 

.T. H. Hinton . . . . on.. 

. . 

G e d display .. . . 

Jams and jellies -. . . 

Collection of dried fn~its, oils. md 

nuts 

Display of canned fn~its, pie-fn~its, 

and vegetables 

Cmed apples . . . . . . 

Display of canned fruits, vegetables, 

i- 

Jams. conned frnitr and preserves.. 

Jams and preserved frruts . . 

SCBD~~SIOS ~.-bCUlTS OF 

Aulsebmok and Sons, Christchurch . Collective display 

. . Biscuits of all kinds 

Bn-DS. 

. . 

~oitthern'bom Biscuit and ~kectionery 

Company. \V-nui 

Aulsebrook and Sons. New &tith ‘~irlds~ 

., 

., 

FRTITS. PEELS. 

Slmi;ll oannl 

golcl medal 

Cold medal. 

Gold medal. 

Commended. 

Silver mednl. 

. . Special award and 

@medal. 

. . Cold medal 

. . Silver medal.

OFFICIAL sgCOED 

CLASS f GA.-ALIJIESTARY FOOD-PRODUCTS-continued. 

SCBDI~TSIOX &-BOILED SUGAUS ASD DRY COXPBWOSEBS. 

Name. Erhibit. Anard. 

Aulmbrook and Co., Christchureh . . Dry confectionery . . . . Gold medal. 

S~BD~OS 7 . 4 ~ - LXD Pr~sl~s. 

R Kirkpatrick and Co. (Limited)? Selson 

-tall did Co.. ~'hristchukh . . 

t. . - 

9, . 

Hamilton and Goy. Palmerston Swrh . . 

UeUor and Co.. Toreester. Eqlnnd . . 

Turner and Co., Bombay. India . - 

E. 'i. &tty and Sons, Madras. India . . 

\Thitlock and Sons, \\hnnan~~i . . 

(;re= and CQ. (Limited),'~unedin . . 

Frimley Canning C'omlmny, Sapicr . . 

Brand and Co.. London . . 

ayanrd and CO., cluistthlueh . . 

- 

Eshibit of sauces and picklea 

Display of sauces a d pickles 

Collective exbibit .. 

Globe sauces . . . . 

LShip kand pickles . . 

Pickles and sauces . . 

\\-orester sauce . . 

Indian condiments . . 

. . 

Pic& &id sauces . . 

Chutney sauce . . . . 

Tomato ketchup . . 

Sallces . . . . 

Collectire exhibit of saucer: 

Sances and pickles . -. 

Timed fiPh .. .. 

Shields Ice and Cold-storage Comlmny 

(Limited) 

Hayward and C'o.. Cltristch~~wl~ . - Pl~re malt-rinepnr . . 

Chllectire exhibit . . 

Cbld medal. 

(;old medal. 

siire;-meda~. 

Gold medal. 

Commended. 

Silrer medal. 

9- 

Cold ~~~edal. 

Penanp Sugar Estate. Fiji . . . . Snpr . . . . . . . . Silrcr tn~dnl. 

\*anco;ver Fiji Snpr Cbmp*n;r. F:j: ...... . . . . . . 

C'olonial Sugar-refining Conrlmny. Fiji ...... . . . . . . I ;o!cl 1ntrli11. 

Srenr\?s~trs !I.- 

The Xe?rtli.'s ;n~d Anylo-S\r-is (bndend 

Milk Comlmny 

-Fw.rrceors FOOD. FLOG=. ETC. 

SwtlPs milk food . . . . 

Gerstenn Fdr-m;~n~~f;~rt~~ritm~ ( 'nnml~nr. 

Rwlston 

Ditto . . . - . -. .. Pomdw-nttrill . . . - 

.. Inrailid+- and infants' foot1 

Diamond brztnd oatn~r;ll 

.- . . 

D. H. Brown and Son. ~'hristitd~~rrcl~ . . Flour. wheatn~ri~l. Heri~ntlinc mt.;il. 

.. 

Fleming and ('0. (Liu~itcdL In\-ereargill. . 

Sonthern C b Biscuit C'ompny. \\-angmui 

G. Tnll>nell. Selson . . . . . - 

. . 

J. ~di; 

. . . . 

Exhibit of fl011r , . . . 

pearl-hdey 

Peerlm fl01u . . . . . - 

Blue nncl roll& oats . . . . 

('ornflonr. starch . . 

Exhibit of flour . . 

\\batmeal . . . . . 

Flour . . .. . . . . 

and ('0: &chnrch' ' . . . . . a . . . . . . 

Ireland nnd Co.. Oaman~ . . . . 

Clark Bros.. Oamaru -. 

Slwiill i~wi~rd and 

:dcl ~aedal. 

(:old loedl\l. 

Si1vc.r n~wliml. 

c ;illcl 11lwl;ll. 


cold nmedal. 

(;old medal. 

Silrer medal. 

Rood Brm. (Limited). Christkhamh . . Slmial award and 

Moir and Co.. Christchmh . . . . 

Mellm's Food Company. London . . 

Wood Bros. (Limited), Christchmh . . 

Langdom and Son, Christchurch . . 

Evans, Timaru (Atlab: Roller-mills) . . 

Rolled oats . . . . 

3Iellin's Food for infants and invalid% 

Supreme brand flour. oatmeal. wheat - 

medl. &. 

n'hestmeal, Oatinr. rolkd oats . 

Flour . . . . ..... 

gold medal. 

(;old medal.

Nama 

The NestlC's and Aq$o-SrisS C ondd 

?&ilk Company 

Ditto . . . . . . . . 

1. . . . - . - . . 

W. P. Auld and Sons, Adelaide . . 

9, . . 

F. W. ~il;, Adelaide . . 

G. F. Cleland and Co., Adelaide 

T. Hardy and Sons (Limited), ~dehid,' 

White. Tomlrins, and Courage 

Utine Jianufacturhg Company (~i: 

mited), h don . . 

Camrick and Co. (Limited). &on 

,YastllO's and Anglo-Swiss coIdfm3ed Milk 

Company 

Ditto . . .. . . . . 

. . 

$is FA ~oml#my, ~a& . . 

W. T. JErvray and Co. (Limited), Inrer- 

eargill 

Wickes Limited, Greymouth . . 

Laqdown nnd Son, Christchureh . . 

-4. 3Iurdoch and Co.. Dunedin . - 

Chrystall and C'o.. Christchurch . . 

C. E Savage. duckland . . . . 

Liton Hutchiin, Hamilton . . . . 

W. 0. Taylor, Hastings . . . . 

. . . . 

~ e &land w ~-er(l' Co-operative Asso- 

ciation, Christchurch 

Ditto . . . . . - . . 

C. Sheiuer, JIikormi . . . . 

Jks. Damnd, South Canterbu& . . 

Colonel C. S. Bailey, Timam . . -. 

'+i= A- 

Milkmaid SWISS and Engbh mib . . Gold medal 

Ideal and Gdd-medal, milk . . 

Swiss, Viking, and Nomegh 

minu 

Superb milk and Superb evaporated 

cream 

.. 

Pure olive-d . . -. 

Firginolivsail .. . - -. 

Salad and alive oils . . . . 

Pure olive-oil . . . . . . 

Olive-oil . . . . . . 

Jelly-powders . . . . . . 

Maltine preparations .. . . 

Liquid peptonoida, solnhle foods . . 

Cocoa and milk . . . . 

Coffee and milk . . . . 

Chocolate and milk . . . - 

XeWs La-Glyeose .. 

Highlander brand condensed milk : : .- 

spec& award and 

gold medal. 

Gold medal. 

foods for stock and poultry 7x4 chickem-food, cattle-condi- Siivermedal. 

ments 

JeUy-cyst . . .. 

Estracted honey in glass. . . . 

Honey in tins . . . . . . 

Earacted honey in tin . . . . 

.. in glass.. . . 

Comb-honey in sections . . . . 

SCBDIVISIOX 1 8 a ~ 

Wnitohi Co-oprative Dairy Factory Corn- Cheese.. .. . . 

pany (Limited). 3Iadborough 

J. K. Saxelby. Southland . . . . Stilton cheese . .. 

Okam's Bay Dairy Company . . .. Largecheese .. . . 

.* . . .. Mediumcheese .. . . 

I&'-ui airy Factory Company . . Larga cheese . . . . 

. . Xedium cheese . . . 

Little Uoa Dairy Company . - . . , . 

9. . 

Barry's Bay Dairy Factory Company . . L w 

. ~6af-ch';ese . . . . 

cheese . . . . 

.. ,. . . Medium cheese . . . . 

German Bay Dairy Factory Company . . 

. . ~u:= : : 

South CanGrbtq ~ air~'km~an~ . . Large, medium, and loaf 

Ronpkokako D+y Factory . . .. M . . . 

. . 

Gold medal. 

Silver medal 

Gold medal 

9. 


gold medal. 

Gold medal 

Highly commended 

.. 

9. 

.. 

Gold medal. 


9.

x- 

T.i Tap Dairy Company . . 

Setton D& Company (~imited) 

Canterbury Dairp Company . . Sefton Dairy '&mpy (~im.i&k) 

9, 9. 

c.nterb&* htrd coo&tive 

Company. Limited 

Ditto . . . . . . 

Exhibit 

Buttermllbpats .. . . 

5Glb.exportbntter .. . . 

Bdter in 9lh jars . . . . 

56 1b. butter (export) . . .. 

Buttu m 9 lb. jars . . . . 

Slb. export botte~ .. . . 

Butter m 1 lb. pats . . . . 

. . . . 

Butter in"9 lb. jars . . 

56lb.eqo~tbutter .. 

Butter m 1 lb. pats . . 

56 1b. export butter . . . . 

Butter in 9 lb jars . . . . 

Sw~msmr 14.-Coco~ LSD C~OCOLATP. 

The NestU'e and Anplo-Swks Condensed Kobler's Swiss milt-chocolate . . 

Milk Company 

Ditto . . . . . . .. ihoa .. .. -. 

. . . . . . . a d milk:: . . . . 

late and confedion- not made 

in Ken- Zealand 

IS Y* . . High& chocolate ronfections not 

** 1, - 

Ridley &d Sons, ~2uist'Ehurch' 

~dseb&k and Co., c'&stclnmh 

Powen Bm., Fiji .. 

Captain Robbie. Fiji j;' . 

made in Sew Zealand 

. .. coma .. . . . . . *I -. . . C'hocolate neat work anti cwoabutter 

.... . . For whole eshibit . . . . DQ- eonfectionc~ and boded sugars 

. 

. . s.yhs pare ~ollllle 

cocoa . . 

. . Solable chocolate . . . . 

. . Chocolate confertiom made m Ken. 

Zealand 

. . ('ocma-heam . . . . . . 

A d 

Gold medd. 

** 

silver"me~ 

Gold medal. 

Gold medal. 

9. . 

.. . . . .. . . ~e3ee ~ nmilk.. a . . . . 

. . - - . . Chocolate and milt . . . &her ~im%d, Switzerland . . . . Swiss milk and vanilla eatinp-chn- ~~mia award and 

date 

gold lnedal 

. . . Hib-dm chocolate dections . nitto. 

~ensrlo;~ and Po.. ~&erdam . . C'dlectivc display of hi$-elass choeo- (:old medal. 

Special a d 

gold medal. 

Gold m&l. 

.- 

Commended. 

CLASS %.-BOOT$ L\'D SHOES, SADDLERY. LEATHER, ISTC. 

W. JEcJIillan, PalmexatonNorth .. Leather . . . . . . Gold medal. 

. . specialla prepared . . Silvu medal. 

& ima b& Invermrgill. . DA leather-of ~II kinds 

Lane and Ca, Chistchurch . . . Kip and sole leather, harness-leath'k Gold medal. 

Stephen Tapp, Blenheim . . .. Tdsltins . . . . Silver medal. 

-9 .. . . 4 . . Gold medal. 

P. Laarena, New Luth Wales . . deetion of Xew Sooth fmzl 

M. Kettleberg, Bitais . . . . Aostxalian and Tssmanian-fm rugs s&.oward and 

andmats gold-medal. 

and

CLASS 27.-BOOTS LXD SHOES, SADDLERY, IXATKER, PrC.-cowfi~~aad. 

YUBDIV~OS 3.-]socurs an SHOES. 

9-e &rhi Award. 

J. Hunter and Sons (Limited), Sew South Collective exhibit of boots and shoes Special a d 

Wales gcld medal. 

P. J. de la Cour. C'hristohurch . . Boots and shoes -. . . Silver medal 

IFhybrow and Co., Victoria . . . . , . . Gold medal. 

W. Henderson, Dunsdin . . and-made boots and ah'& . . silver medal. 

Shlton, FmaticIr, aud Co., christchmh Boots and shoes . . . . Special a d 

gold medal. 

Smith and Sons, Chrktch~mh . . . . . . Silver medal. 

& Perry and Co., Melbourne. . . - . . . . Gold medal. 

Scs~rmrox -~.~ADDLEsY &XD Ha-. 

Trkt and Small, Chritchurch . - Trotting-gear and saddlery . . Gold medal. 

W. Patchem. Ashburton . . . . Set Scotch cart-harness, by F. J. 

Butler ; set gig-harness (Mack and 

M Y 

E. and A. Ransom, Dannevirke 

Trim and Denton, Clvistchureb 

. . 

. . 

.Yew Zedand Furmen' C'o-operative AM 

ciation, Clvistchrneeh 

\V. Wade, Sor~th Canterbury . . . 

B. 3L Bird, Wellington . . . . 

. W. F.Idadilae. South Canterl~t~rj? . . 

F. J. Butler, Ashburton . . . . 

brown), by J. Miller and K Suther- 

land. hiiburton 

Leather suitable for bridles, neek- 

shapb* girths, whip 

Horse-covers .. . . . . 

Foursaddles .. . . . . 

Trotting-gear, by Tuttle and Clark, 

Detroit 

-hericnn and English harness and 

SlIddleY 

Light hamew and set double harness, 

ladies' saddles, and home-co~em 

Set dq-eart harness and small saddle 

t\'hipthongs . . . . . . 

One stoekwhip made in 1W . . 

Srateh cart-hamess . . . . 

ilnrl 

and 

Highly commended, 

C :old medal. 

C'ommended. 

Wd me& 

Commended. 

Gold medal. 

Srsvrrzslos ~-TBCSKS, POBT~TMUX, ETC 

Triggs d Denton, C%ristchureh . . Tnrnb. portmante;kttz, and t~rrel- I.:old mednL 

Ik:-hRps 

P. I\: Lilmbert and Co., GKh . . High-pde leather novelties . . Slmi;~l aw.anl and 

rold medal. 

J. Kingsland md Ca . . . . Stair-tread made. from leather . . Silver md-L 

Be&v 6. Horomta " .. 

P. C. -~hrelkeld, Flaxton . . 

Xorth Canterbury Cot& . . 

The warren9 Eakte. otfd . . 

D. G. Greenwand, Teviotddc. . 

James lttle, Earwden . . 

A. D. Stttlmhnd. Otap . . 

Watson Sheanan. Obgo . Nelson h, 

Hawk's Bay . . 

J. \T. Earding, Hawke's Bar 

Te date Station, Hawke'e Bay 

Hw. J. D. bond. HawWs Be 

Douglas Mehim, Hawke's Bay 

R D. D. 3 l c h Eawke's &ly 

EI. -Uan Cunie, Victoria . . 

CLASS ?S.-\000L ;LYD FIBRES. 

Scs~n-IsIoS l.-Woo~ 

. . For indiridual wooi-collection 

For collective exhibit of wool 

L'dlectix-e rshibit of wool 

. Spcill awd and 

mid mednl. 

9 

Four IIeeces merino wool.. 

~ii\&'ndt~ 

C;okd medal 

Silver medal. 

. 

&Id &'I& 

Silver medal 

Gold medal.

xlune. ExhiExhibit. 

Pow Bms.. Vhxia.. -. .. Foarfleew pure hwlo wool .. 

A. 3. Awstkl, Titoria .. .. Ro0eeceskinod.. 

James Zkrssell, V i .. Ninetleaxsmainonool.. 

A. B. md G. F. ~~ning, ~ic& . ~ ao 

Robext C. Evans . . . . 

fl- merino -1 . . 

-': . . 

JOI~ ~hhtiie and & .. . . L~~CQI~ 

T. JrcDonaLd and SOM .. .. Three &mxs meria0 wool 

Phillip Rnseell . . .. .. Fourfkecesmerinoarool.. 

J. C. Mold . . . Sir &eeces merino wool . . 

J. StringEellow, ~antk;bnry . . . . Colleotive exhibit of woo1 

. . . . 

~nsca&,BOLCdrhl;T . . . . 

A. W. Rutherford, Waian . . . - .. 

C Reid, Canterbury. . . . . - . 

W. &demon, Centerbury .. .. 

J. Bonifmt. Can- . . . . 9, 

C. J. Peter, Cmt0sbury . . . . . 

James hr. Canterbury . . . . .- 

D. G. m*, -lug .. . . 

R. Tarbottom, hnterbury . . . . 

Nelson Bros, Hah'r Bay . . . . 

s* n . . . . 

Canter"amS Frozen 'heat a& D.P.E. .. 

Campany (Limited) 

3L E %her, Kew South Wales .. \Tool fleece 

Southland Executive Committee, KZLE Wle&ive erhiii of wooi ' 

SCBDIVISIOX 9-Fux (PAormimm tenor) HEJ~P, 

IT. Adams, JIarlhorough .. . . Flaz hemp . . . . 

J. Poole and Co., Blenheim . . . . . . . . 

Caner's 3Zarlborough . . . . . . 

R. F. Gvulter. Blenheim . . . . . . . . 

~ealand ,Gociation, , in MS . . . . 

Palmerston Sorth 

R JLaddren. Soutb Canterbuq . . Flax . . . . . - 

C. Leech, Fkqiora . . . . . . ~ressedflas . . . - . - 

h e h ? Bros, Greymouth . . . . . . . . . . 

London 

Ditto .. . . . . . . Hemp rope .. . . . - 

. . . . . . .. Manilarope .. . . . . 

. . Yacht manila . . . . . 

J:L JI~& ClG&hnrch' ' .. Flrurope .. . . . . 

.. &nilamp .. . . . . 

~ae G- ~opa comby (Iimited) . . " . . . . . . 

. 11 .... Coir rope .. . . 

Hemp mpe 

.. 19 

.... .. ...... 

A d . 

Gold mew. . 

.. 

9. 

silvk'medaL 

Gold medal 

Gold ;cxld. 

Gold medal. 

Comnded. 

Gold medul. 

Isaac Coatea. Hamilton . . .. D& flax . . ~bmnkded. 

~al~is ~ros, ~ q ~ m . . . one ~e d kar . . Highl~ commended 

. . . . . . . . hid medad 

D. J. 'Jzc~aen, $e m e .. -ti;= .. .. . . Highly commended 

~;er 

Silver m&L 

.. . . 

X. F. iarnh, ~apier 

D. JIcKemie, ~011th ~hterb;j. 

.. &fibre 

.. FI&~ .. 

. . , . . 

.. 

. . 

. . 

. - 

. . 

. . 

silver"meda~ 

. . Highly commended. 

-. Silver medaL 

. . 

SLWU~TSIOS 8-Jfahm~ LXD FLAX ROPE. 

S. Holtze, South Australia . . . . Pisang, Xauritius, skid, and ha-- Gold m&L 

string hemp 

.. Cotton . . . . . GI~FL- Rope ~mpany, ~;'clrland . Flar rope . . . . . vf oommandcxL 

~dinhh Roperie Company (Limited). Coir rope . . . . . Gold medal. 

~4 

award and 

gold medal. 

Ditto. 

Gold medal.

CL4W 28.- WOOL AND FIBRES - coutinrud. 

SCBDIWIOX -.- +.-BIXDI&~ 

Xame. ExhibU. 

Edinburgh Roperie Company and Sail- Binder-twine . . . . 

cloth Company (Limited), London 

James Ma&,- Christchd . - 

A&. 

. CMd medal. 

Edinburgh Roperie Company and Sail- Shop - twines, fishing -tines, and all Gold medal 

cloth Company (Limited), Iandon other tniws and cords 

CLASS m.-srLm -L\mias, INSECrs, ETt, 

EIugh W. CWi, South Aushh . . Turtle and tortoise she& diga:or 

skulk and she& 

Rev. W. C. Oliver. C%cktchurch . . Stags' heads . . . . . E Hardcastle, Chr'inreh . . . . . . . . . . 

The Nelson Stag-head Committee . . . F. E ~ornb, ~uck~aml - - . . ~o~eezon fa~~owiieer ha% . otago ~eelimatisation ' . . I* . . 

T. E. Donue, Wellington . . . . St*' heads . . . . . . 

E J. Itiddiford, Wellington . . . . . . 

H. A. and C D. Hodgkimon, Oamwn . . ColIec*%m red&& heads-' . . 

Exhibition Trustees, Xelbourne . . Collectire exhibit of Attstmlian 

snakes 

A. SherKV . . -. . . Trout caught in Ashburton County 

rirers 

Sew Zealand Government Tourist e~d Collection n€agat h d . . -. 

Hedth Resorts Deprtment 

Siver medal. 

Gold medal. 

Special awd and 

gold medRL 

Siver medal. 

Special ;&ward imd 

gold medal. 

CLASS m-TKlPS FOR C-UCE. AND FISHISG-TACKLE 

SUBDIVISIOX ~.-F~~HNG-TACKLE. 

Ifanly Bras., -llnwick, Eughnd . . Cdleotira exhibit . . . . Slmial uw;rd aud 

goid ~ n ~ l . 

. . . X?rhinwods .. - - . . (;old medal. 

. . Fishing-reels . . . . . . 9, 

C'ILLSS 31.-AGR1CITLTCR.U. 3IAC'HINERY Ahl) 13IPLkZlIESTS (IS('LCS1VE OF (;ANDES 

aPPLLlsc 'Es). 

T. EL Carerhill. C'llristch~uch.. . Cooler-srhezuing-machines (frictinn- Gold III&L 

leistype) - 

(foo~mr'n " Little woncler '' lmnable 

~Laring-ontfit, with en6e, kc. 

Sutton and Sons, EnnJrtnd . . Specimens of horticuitural recl~liuites, 

cntlerv, Bc. 

C!. Dahl, P;llmen+on North . . . . Perfect .GFtor, chum, milli-citn.. 

G. C!nmmin.. Jlartou . - . . iV1m1-1~~sa . . . . 

Crown Separator Compy~ S d u . . LXX mi~lc-~uriti& . . . . 

., - - hm cnnms .. . . . 

(Irown cream-separators . . . T ~ C \Valter 2. i\-ood ~owinq aid ~ea; Collective exhibit of rgcicultural mairq 

Jhchine C'ompnp, New York chinery 

Bicbford and Huffman Company, Sew Farmers' Fsrourite drill . . . . 

York 

Richard Stevens, Christchurch . . Jlik-aerator nnd Shield cream-cooler 

.A. Storrie (Limited). In- . . Double-breast ridger, with patent sped award and 

attachment 

gold medal. 

. . Xmbl Samson windmill . .. Gold medal. 

~ea&arbanh: hu£acturing Company, Stumpjump plough . . . . 

Xew South W h 

Ditto . . . . . . . Set-plougfi nndearthaeoop combined Sirer medal

CZdSS 31.-AGEICWLTURAL XAC'HIhTERY AND IMP- 

APPLIANCES~nvcB 

(MCLUSnrE OF GARDEN 

Name. IMt. Anma. 

B ~ a n d ~ m ~ .. ~ t o. . n Drain-plough .. Goldmedal. 

, , .. .. ~dshoes,andspee~d~oe b-d=d. 

ing 

E Reece and Sons, C3uisbhnrch .. Bean spray-pumps . .. (;old medal. 

. Keen Kutter lawn-mowers .. 

~ I s&thers, L and ~'o.~~luistehmcfich Reliabh incubator ad brooder . . ~ive~medal. 

Bateman buf- Company, ORn- Iron Age fann and garden implements ,, 

loch. KJ. 

Suudee Hardware Company. - - Phils- Great American Pe~~~~ylvanian lawn- Gold medal. 

&phis mower 

&son, Struthers, and Co. (Limited), Exhibit of dairy mchineg . . Special awd iuul 

Quistchnrch gold medal. 

Ditto . . . . . . . Alpha-Laval improved model ereanl- Ditto. 

sep~tor~ 

Davidson's Tulcan auto skim-milk Uold medal. 

=@herher 

Domld and Sons (Limited), htertrm.. Federal wre-strajner . . . . 

1. tt -- Lifting-jacb . . . . . ~i~verkxla~. 

ibl-yrescr . . . . . . Gold medal. 

uoota, iiLc~~arrld. &I (ro. (Limited): Collective machiiery exhibit (a@- 

Christchmch 

cultml) 

John Vorbsch. Wbomugh . . -. Pot.atQdigger . . . * . . Silver medal. 

il'ickes Limited (Greymonth) . - bllective dialday of Jubilee incu- Special award HII~ 

baton. bmode1~. and poultry m- gold m&l. 

qllisites 

Incubators 

~breshing-rnac&& 

.. 

.. 

-. Cold mdd. 

. . .* 

Patterson, Slacli. and CO., Wellin M - - 

Bustin. Proctor. nnd Co. (Limit$, By- 

land 

Hutchison Xltii-machine C'omlmny, 

Cbristchurch 

Ditto .. . . . . . . 

-I. E. Lowe, Tai T~IIDII . . . . 

W. G. Rarpr* mctoria . . . . 

H. V. &by. Vi~wir . . . - 

Bamford a d Sons. Enri;~nd . . . . 

., . . 

.- . . 

. . 

E. H. Ben& auld ('0.. Ihgl*d 

Hutchinson X i 

Company, c&: 

ehumh 

llitto .. . . . . . . 

Tracles Gnionist Sheeldarn Can~l-y 

(Limited), Emgland 

\\'. Cable and Cu.. iVeUington . . 

k Sewcomb and Co., ,~uckland . . 

Two-minute chum . . . . Silver medal. 

Son-suction milking-machine . . 

Patent flower-pot . . . . 

Hibide disc plough . . . . 

Sunflower & ~>lougll . - . . 

Collective exhibit of grinding and 

r-m-cnuwhmg machinery 

Cniversal wed-cleaner . . . . 

Cellular neprator cleaner . . 

Xo. 44 pin-crusher . . . - 

Zerlandia cMcutter . . . . 

Empire chaffcutter . . . . 

(W-cutters and milk . . . . 

Slwxial urard aud 

pld medal 

Highly commended 

Gold medal. 

Highly commendal. 

Uold medal. 

Special awad and 

gold medal. 

Silver medal. 

Gold medal. 

Scott patent milkfcver-curc itl>lmratui 

Collective exhibit . . . Slmial award and - 

gold medsL 

Sheepheivs . . . . . Gold medal. 

nPr&plte~ . . -. . . Silver medal 

G h chums and Dome separators 9. 

Tamber's inmlbator and pt~ltv alc Gold medal. 

ldianw 

Levin and Co. (Limited), WeUi.oa . . \i'olaelep shear@-machine . . 

J. Elliot, Easthp . . . . . Drenching-maehine . . ~&'meaal. 

Reid and Gray, Christchurch . . . . Collective exhibit of agricbitural ma- Gold medal. 

ehinery 

P. and D. Dunean. CIuhtchurch . . Apknltltral implements . . . I. 

David JI~~Iuv and b. .. Improved -1-pres .. . Silver medal. 

P o d B- *and Whitalrer, Gap& . . Cambrian potstodigger . . . . . Gold medal. 

James Hamiltan, Wmton . . . Patent sectional sliding sheepfence. . Silver medal

SEW BXHfBITIOh'. 

CLASS-3-2.:-SILVERSMITHS' WORK. 

xsma Fahibit. 

Sten.& D~WBOII 

and Co., chriskhmh.. \Vatches . Smith and Sons, London and . . 

spohr~nome ~lectri~al cAFy 2 EILL ~lh . . 

SIlstdia 

Stewast Dawson and Co. .. -. Colaective display . . 

J. R. Gaunt and Son (Limited), En,g W and silver badges . . 

Stewart D~WSOII and CO. .. . . 

Smith and Sons, London . . . . 

. . 

6 G. Younes, Melbourne 

dtal jed& - . . 

Flavelle, Rokk, and &;, Q-L Jewellq and gems . . 

land 

M. U. BL Salie. JIelbonmcr . . Gem and jewellerg . . 

JL Papworth, rjew south \T& . . W-wire brooches m c ~ mount2 

E Spath, Germany . . .. . . 

b Zansmen, Germany . . . . 

Jones and Son, Christchurch . . . . 

cats'-eyea, &c. 

Gold-mounted bsetle jewellery . . 

dmbex jewellery . . . . 

Collective eshibit of penstone . . 

Slmid an-ad and 

gold medaL 

Special awd n11d 

gold medal. 

Gold medal. 

silve;'m&l. 

Special anad aud 

gold medal. 

Ditto. 

Silver medal. 

Highly commet~ct~d. 

Gold medal. 

Stewart Dawaon and Ca. .. . . Sterliug silver and electro-1di1te . . (;old 111da1. 

Jones and Son, ciuiatchmh . . . . Silversmiths' work . .. 

9. . . . . mie em in silver and Inom . . -. 

-. ~~ .. . . . . 

J. ~o$d and Son, &&el& Ehglnnd .. Electru-plate hives. riponti, kc. .. 

Ogie and Leach, C%rktchurch . . Silver and art metal-u.arc . . -. 

CLASS 33. - ALL ARTICLES SOT (YTHER\I?GE C,WIFLED (1SC'LUbWG mTKIW 

REC'EITED TOO LATE FOR CTASSIFICATIOS). 

Camam Ceiliug Uompan y, \Wion . . hmtive idaster . . .. Special and and 

gold md11. 

G. Xaidment, Sydney . . .. hesdressing . . . . (;old medal. 

-, . . Black dye for leather .. 

.. . Watarpmuf blacking for kther . . ~i1ver';neda~ 

-. .. . . . . Siiing for leather . . . . ., 

.. . - . . Indelible marking-ink . . . . 

A. Simlrson and ,%n. Adelaide . . \Titreoas enamelled-iron n i p . . Gold ~ edd. 

Government of South -41letralia . . Trophy of nntid ~~roductr of the ,. t 

state 

H. Iesli Friend, AucMand . .. Endem enamelled einc .. .. -, 

S. C. Farr, Christchurch . . Relief model of Bunks Penimillir and ,. 

Ahaa Flarbour 

Lyttelton Earboor Board . . . Relief model of Port ELilLi . . .. 

EL Gpmann and Co., Havana.. . . Havana cigPrs . . . . . . -. 

L WolE, Hamburg . . .- Germancigars .. . . . . ,, 

Suckland Nuseum Committee' ' . . Cdeetion of Maori curiox .. Specid an.& aud 

gold medal. 

Bq -: -: X. ; !Limited), London . Patent safety match, non-lmhouli Gold medal. 

wax vesta;s 

Cifuentea F e d and Co., Cub. .. Hevm c+ .. . . .. Special a d and 

gold medaL 

aka G. Witon, Palmemton Korth . Artiicial flowers . . Commended. 

A. Abe- New Pork . . . s-es, eyeglasses, &id-@asses, hid d. 

d ~p&ade-leneee . . . . 

E. Dotton, Auckland .. Cdomedknri-gum .. . . Silver medal. 

Uangata Coal and Oil ~omi& . Model -ning plant for coal . . Ciold medal 

1-

CLASS 33.--1LL ARTICLES NOT OTHERWISE CUSSIF'IED. ETC.-coda~wzlcd. 

Xwe. 

James HolmY, jam., h v e ~ 

Efhibik 

. Patent intedockmg " S -at 

Award. 

coup Gold medal. 

ling 

Patent interlocking block-coupling fo~ 

&pping, qinging &- 

Patent intedoekmg bndle . . Silver medal. 

. - Rabbit-fumigator . . . . 

9, 

petex 2 BI*, Giiton " . . . - Patenttrolly-brake .. . . 

9, 

George Ramage, Centre Bwh. . ... Hand-made horse-shoes . . . . 

9. 

Technological Museum, Sydney 

Models of skps' mouths 

Department of Public btmctio~ Exhibit of work of pupils attend& 

award and 

S+Y 

New South Wales public schools.. gold-medal. 

&&th Tobacco Company, London . . T i cigarettes . . . . Ditto. 

Turkishcigawttes .. . . Gold medal. 

Smoking-mirhue tobacco . . Special award snd 

gold md. 

.. British cigars . . 

Gold medal. 

stokes and $118, elb bourne . :' . . Xedah, dies, and stamp&-m& 

*, 

X Kennington. New Plymouth . . h r i curios . . . . 

A. G. Younes, Melbourne . . . 0.ient4 fancy iAs . . 

Ronald Bsdger, Christchurch.. . Exhibit of advertising-utilities 

ParafFuro Paint Company, U.Sk . . P. and B. buildiug-pper, mlthoid Gold &&I. 

rooEng, mslthoid damp-cm 

Standanl Peiut &my '3er York . . RuWd dng, insulating-ppnr 

XWOU, Struthers, and &.: Christahtlreh General eshibit of hardware, sporting-gd. 

imnmongerp.. &. 

Xulml'x Eqlmive Compsuy, Glurgow . . High o~$wtoaa, anuuumt~ot~ . . 

Xugget Polish Comnl~suy - . (Limited). CZuit- Various Yugget poliihes . . . . ~~mi.2 rwd s n ~ 

~lrn~l~ 

gold medaL 

C. -3, Julius. Lluktelrurch . . . - votiug-luachino.. . - . . Goid ~tredaL 

Fabrikons wuvwn wall-covsriug . . 

3. 

JlOael plant d by the Jioorc- 

H&tt did proms for thu 

nuu~idaehue of iron and steel 

Turkish hand-de goods 

--carved mottmr-of-pearl goo;l; 

Patent window-fastener . . . - ~ g eotummdal. ~ f 

Patent safety lift 

Silver mdaL 

*,i~1 readingorest anri ' invalici'i RighIy comtuendd 

ovorhed table 

Uritiih F~ibro-cwnlent Syndiuatc (Li~~utd) Fibre-cement linings and dates . &id ~llcdd 

.J. P. KC- Chriitcl~urcl~ . . . Lightning eradicator . . . . Highly coma~~e~&xL 

I!. Reineluslm. Germany . . . - Bavarian beaten-cqpr art object* Silver m&L 

Isis \Verb Company. Bavaria . . AI% vasa in tin and lwwtur . . Cold uwbL 

T. NchuaId. Marlborough . . . . JIaoriourim .. . . . . Highly co~u~nend~HL 

Taus Rulra.. . . . - . 9. . . -. . - 

HrakRoro . - . . . . . . . . . . 

Hare Rum .. . . . . . . 

S. S. \\'hitat lh*~~tol JIaul~facturiug CVIIL- CI~lhtive exhibit of dental rppli- 

IUlly. U.S.A. 

F. H. H-m.lvy a1u1 Son. T m d 

Harny Dam1 and Ca, Victoria 

. . 

. . 

Crisp Athill, a d Co. (Limited) . . 

Damn Patent Egg-carrier Comlmnp 

(Limited). Christohurch 

Wanganui Xmti-W Compnp . . 

9, . 

- . . . . 

aces. furniture. material. and 

teeth 

Boer tobeceo . . . . 

Corn* fodlidz . . . . 

Wwbsr laher - lrrw8rving bout - 

ldih 

CoUective exhibit. ta1l;iq-tr~hines 

POW-grit .. . . . . 

Animal manures . - . . 

Viinoigaret* .. . . 

Turkish cigarettes . . . . 

S i r d 

Special n d a ~ d 

*m€daL 

Gnld ~nedd. 

Special awed am 

gold mcdaL 

Gold medaL 

Simr medal.

SEW ZEAGAhm -0s. 

CWSS 33.U ARTICLES BOT OTHERWISE -ED, ETC.--continur& 

Sme. Exhibit. dm. 

Bulhm Limited, Euglmd .. . . Telegraph % i indato~~, electric- Gold nredsl. 

light. Wings 

J. a ~rnoe urd ~i.. . Shshg-aresm. hamst+com1mition, Siver medal. 

Bhk d son's boot-~lif+h 

Colonid drmurmitiou Compimy (Limited), Eshibit showing -303 ck5dgm in Gold medal. 

buckland comld&e proatsg of the manaf.ctnre 

CIlarlea Qdi, Christ~hmh . . Repou& copper-work . .. S11~inl awiml awl 

gold medaL 

Buscott Bost-manubturbg - Company - - Notm-bch . . . . . . Gold mrdaL 

U.S.A. 

Richsrdson and Blair, adlington Sectional edge-grip cold tire-setter 

~spe d~brrtos ampany ( ~ i ) , LO;;- Blue .sbestos remowbh coverhp 

don 

for b o i 6GG. 

A. W. Buston (Limited). Cluistehurch.. Horticultural exhibit . . . . 

Xi J. Demiston, Christehurab . . Fireddcrrring .. . . 

Gtttle in relief cuving . . . . SiiVrr'-,l& 

Boot-polish and hrun-g . . Gold medal. 

\Vdkm. -&n, and Co., m'&laton, Ch& 

chmh 

Ridley and Sons, Christchurch . . 

South Canterbury Co~u~uittcr.. 

9. .. 

. 

- . 

hshibit, consisting of kjeeliug, 

Omqp Pekoe, Ceylon, and Chins 

tcas 

Tools 8nd horne-shas tunclv fro111 

T d Exhibition Conuuittw . . 

Tamad5 ironsand 

Proems of a;ltetchi~~ from lifw . . 

Graining mid lwblii . . . . 

Diplay exhibit . . -. 

Collective cxhibit uf ~JwreLi trf 

wrimrx kin& 

Iavc~rBros.,Fiji .. . - . . Sarnltles of cop . . . Highly cowndt6 

R C Tartc, Fiji -. . . 

. . (~olllnlclldcd. 

linm ~a;;d . . . . 

Gold ult*&L 

Silver n d . 

Xdt*l 2 !lhm" Hail,"&- 

Dkpby 0f briebi, fi9ttStstu-, &.; 

aomprhii wall 

Disltlay ss a dolo . . . 

D~q~lay repraenting ulnntiugwpcity 

of Diict of South W r - 

bnw 

Grsin OWT TI or s~~tmrei-ho~lli~ . . 

Display of grain-wtk on walls end 

* 

Cold mcrlsl 

Highly comuwnrltd. 

Gold nlcu. 

,. 

T. \\'. Fowler, Kctoris . . Patent h l d w covms, and valm Silver ~uedaL 

Bdoy 

- 

Bra, CHristch~~rch . . G e d orhibit of rrtained-ghss win- Special and ;urd 

dows, Idght and plumb'i ap- gold luedal. 

1- 

F. E Hartler and Son, Tmrmaal . . 3Ianufso& tobacco . . . . Silver n&l. 

A. Kohn, Ai~clCbnd . . . . . Guneral display, anti-rhe~~u~tic rings Gold medal. 

A. Xmis, Otago . . . . . . \v8teqx00f prosematiit dubbing . . 

Dye, . . . . . . hi mts 

Chamber of Commercet Sapioi . . ~o~crotion of prGucti &ti tb 

trint 

Ian Sipson 

Maori mstx and fpm . . Hiphl;r cn~uuwnW. 

T. Hmton . . 

Collection of conifm~lfi t;xws shi'ug Gold lucdaL 

and other plants 

Co11eEtion of New Zeelend fhii . . 

F. id^ New s6dth ~aldB' Swim ohoaolata chalets .. . . 

Van Hoaten and 7h-m. Hohd Dilay of Vsn Houten cocoa . . 

(;4mtmbmy ~nvmon a t ~nd ~jiry Prb: CoUectim eshibit of pmmmed meat^ 

dace Export Campsnp (Limited) and table delicacies in glass jars 

end tina 

Complete exbibit of plumbii and 

gaswing wort

CIJSS %-ALL -BTLCLES NUT OTHEBIVlSE CLASSIFIED, ETC.-mmiirwd. 

Xmua Exhibit. A M 

(;ownuuent of Fiji .. . . . . Dmpley of products from Fiji IS- hhl medal. 

RsggandCa, Fiji .. -. 

Natives of &lo North, Fiji . . 

J. P. Burness, Fiji . . . . 

W. JIcJ?hexson, Fiji . . 

La Yebans Cigar Comp:uy, l&ih 

., 

J. P. KeepL cllrii;EhUN:h .:* 

Griemn and Davis, Christchd 

lands 

Essanceofwnills . . * 

sample of rubber -. .. I&@; co-A 

Cotton.. . . . . Sivar medd, 

sample af copra' - . . .. ~ommended. 

mF . . . 8i~~1l medal. 

c w . . . . . Gold meds). 

&d*vins .. .. Commended. 

CoIleetive display of wines, syiria, Gold medal. 

ales, &5. 

Jokn Tam . . . . .. Hrs- and burglar-proof safes 

JZ A. Ustcdfs. ~l&&urch . . . h l ~ '101fs y painting. h. . . Highly aommended. 

Cook Islands Admhbtmtion . . . . Compreheusiva collect.ion of Cook Gold medal. 

Island products and curios 

Claudius Ash, Son% ad a. (Limited), Colleotive exhibit of dental applimnces. ,, 

En*d 

furniture, material. an dteeth 

Mrs. & Cohmr, C'hriikhurch . . .. Embroidering names on handkerchiefs Highly mlumended. 

Prisons Department, New ZeslauJ. .. Jirorifisrkitsandmsta,modelsof Sirmedal. 

buildings, illamid writings, 

fender-kerb 

Xorth Gttrtnan Lloyd Steamhip Cutu- M l of lighthouse with revolving ~3 

P'Y light, and photogrsphs 

. . -,. . . JZsori curio8 stdl 

h e .. . . . . 

. Highly commeudd 

Collective exhibit slul %sl,hy of Cold medal. 

Native work and Maori curion 

Walker, Son. 4 Cu., \V~wlstou . . Sizeme~u~~~ing, -tar- ., 

31auufwtured articles . .. Speaial a d end 

gold 1ned&L 

&Uriaultural l~roducts-fruit. rlmple- Ditto. 

sager. honey 

General scheme of installation . I"stra special awanl 

and gold medal. 

Cou~~~mhensive exhibit of mic~rnlri Special award and 

gold medal. 

Alldays and Chuon. BuruiughYln Fancy beIIom . . . - . Silver medal. 

Cfmnl&ud and Son. JLelbournu Bacii outrigger . .. Gold m&L 

E J. Bettany . .. Soale-drawing, patent Incplo . . S i r medal. 

Automatic wind@-line . .. .. 

&ti-' todu and biqele-tubes . . Klgldy com~~e~uled. 

Pataat widow-fastener . . . . 

Aerated-&a mhinery .. ~oldmecibL 

Collective dispby of art-jewehry, Specid award awl 

haad-dework gold med&L 

Balllers Li~nited. Enghd .. Chiae, mortise furniture . . .. Cokl medai. 

John Shew (Limited), . . Lightning-conductors . . . - 

JhImt~e \Ye+@ . . . . - . Pqm patterns . . , . . . - . . Cdleotive exhibit 0' dreyklmtternu spapi; sward slul 

gola md. 

Pauline pqmr pattea . . . Gold medsl. 

Wection of Xew-Zealand-go- ,. 

ezporting varieties of apples 

lisppy's tutm and Fricke's studies ,. 

for dl lnilitary insm~ments 

T. hard^ ad Son Adchide . . . . Display of bottk of wine . .. 

H. J. Scott and Sons . . . . .. . ** 

Robert EMOW Cbrktchurch . . . . %-needle . - . . .. 

D d Reid and Ca, Dunedin .. ReEd's patent Triples wire-stxsiaei- ,. 

3, . . Reid's ptmt T i wire-skdaer . . .. 

Mk JI~K-~, Dunedin . . . . Diiby of works of art aud fancy .. 

Hmenrc e wd-Bock .. . ,

CLASS =.-XU ARTICLES NOT OTFIERWSE CLASSIFIED, EEdmsd. 

Xuue. Exhi& Award 

J. R. Bsrter d a, ~~ . Prtent aahm&c sashes ad self- Gold medal. 

Cantopbury Xed and Dairp Re 

d m Compsny (Limited) 

Ditto .. . . . . . . 

Littlejohn and Son, \Fdlb@w 

. . 

W. &Tieholls, Canterbnrg . . . . 

Bew Zedad Education Del- . . 

Bumham Industrid School, CMtabnry 

9. .9 

James HePitt. . . -. 

. . 

. - . . 

B. DU& . . . . . 

J. Neil. Daasdin . . 

a w. wi- &mh ' . . 

Piea South \Vale Lends Deprrtment . . 

A. E Mar, Auctland . . . . 

Lee anrl Sow$, Xen Sonth Wales 

pdiw ~ubber company (Limited), 

Kew Sonth Wales 

Cliff&. Lime, and and, Ken South Wales 

Government Life Insmanre Department. 

xea Zesland 

DsvidSeiid,TIFellington .. . . 

K. G. Wright Bt. Clair, Sgaruawdlia . . 

J. Earrii Christchmh . . -. 

W. F. Short. Sen Pl~outh . . . . 

W. Si~uons ud Ca (Limited) . . 

G. L H- Auckland . . -. 

Clare and Corn. h~cliland . . 

T. R. Iiirk F-LS.. Government ~iol*;, 

Department of -Agriculture 

Ditto . . . . . . -. 

a&im bmelaa-DPOO~ snsh-fssteam6 

G-~G mi sheep . . .Manufactured greenstone. . . . 

sconred wool and dmmed skins . . 

Brunh.m School eshibit . . 

Eshibii of cnrpeutry and joinery . . 

Eshibit of saddlery and harness- 

* 

Two rioli .. . . . . 

krfaso.id emrth . . . . 

Fossil froitr; . . . . . . 

Cagefuel-economizers .. . . 

B+c medicines . . . . 

'r modeb 

=exhibit of magand 

P-t window-tilting for m ible 

s1shm 

Hair -far upholstery .. 

Rubber-specimens . . . . 

Uanufactured prduatn fro11 ?ien 

South Wales weals 

Collectire eshibit . . . . 

kal's went mnetdlir packing . . 

llalels of &ori war-eanoe md lllsori 

F~olin and case.. . . . . 

Egg-pmwvative eshibii . . 

Eshibit of shield 

xilitary bridge ad po2om ea6: 

stmetian 

Lily washiug-fluid . . . . 

IIonnmentd ma~mry-work . . 

IIdel dredgex, " Rnbi W on " . . 

Steel and capper plate emgraving . . 

Tdt photon 8nd diqrams . . 

Wection Wedweeds .. -. 

Colktion of literature relating to 

Xew Zeal~d hemp (Phormium 

ha21 

Collection of dried pmm . . 

Collection d publieatio~lli of Sea 

Zdyd Department of Agriculture 

Collechon of natmal phqhates far 

ase88maIlmes 

Collection of ostrich-feathers 

Collection of models of hem& 

and m8ehillen 8pplianrr~ 

Cdiectiao af s& of farm-auimds, 

showing di8tinction at differmt 

.eas 

lualelsoffrnit .. . 

Collection d wattle-kk' - 

coudm af frait and 

preserved in Exhibition Cannery 

Generd eollectim of preswed fn&v 

Eshibit of-frozenfar export 

Special award 

gola 

Gold medal. 

siBBf)rnedal, 

Gold medal. 

Siva medd. 

Gold Id. 

Gold ~ledsl 

1. 

Highly comma 

Gold medal. 

9. 

9. 

~ivBh'metlsl. 

Cold medal. 

9. 

and

Nune. 

New Zesland Department of ;S%ridture 

L Hopkins. Govs~t~~t AM&. Department 

of .4griedture 

Xew Zsaland Government Biologist . . 

E Makin. ZTev So11tl1 Wales . . . . 

New Zealand Colonid Museum . . 

church 

Gallagher and Co. (Limited), London . . 

,. 1. 

Tad~ly and Co.. London . . . . 

. . . . 

Bxhibit. 

Model fruit canning and preserving 

plMt (working) 

Plots of agrieuHrnaa gresae~ and 

forsge plants 

Collection of beekeaping appliances 

Collection of honey made a% Exhibi- 

tion Apiary 

Collection of farm seeds . . . . 

Collection of potatoes . . 

Collection of pooltry applknees with 

working incubators, brooders, and 

~'=+Qg-peps 

Cdleehon of of mops . . 

Collection of win= from Govanment 

A& 

Gold medal. 

., 

.. 

. 

*. .. 

Eqeuimental Vinepsrdg Wserenga 

Collectian of spra~-l~hilles . . 

CoUection of grain in shed and 

tbrethd 

cdlection of xfsv Zealand hemp and 

t~w, grded 

Colldon of wool, with Bradford 

.pinning-quality of eaoh 

Collection of mohair . . . 

Wective displays .. . . S ~ G award I 

medal. 

Model apiary (working) . . Gold medal. 

Collective eshibit . . 

Nodel ot nmtorear in h&rk . . Siive~tneb~ 

M p a .. . . . . Special a d and 

qold medal. 

Wbit oi aqnai~ini . . . . ~it.ta 

P~tblisher'n &play . . Gold lrd. 

Comprehensive collection d talking- 9. 

machi- and record i 

GUAT aniI Co., Wanganui . . . . XUW-Zealand-de cigars . . Silrer mdsL 

Fletcher, Hu~~~phrep, and Co., Christ- Red Fcnnel tobacco . . . . Gold medal. 

Uenufactnmd tol~o of variol~s 

hd.9 

Vian cigarettes 

Yr)llufactured tobo 2 -01; 

lrindY 

Alxlulla d Co.. London . V i o-@mttes . . . . 

*. .. . . T~wkish and mtian cigarettw . . sDeci2 award 

gold medaL 

. - . . Smoking-mixture tobacco . . Gold medal. 

m~+r ~ n ~o., d 61nh . . . . Rob Roy howe . . . .. 

W. Strange and Co.. Cbristehurch . . Exhibit of oel-ftoor par&et . . 

ah001 of Electrical Engineering and Appamtus for teaching mechanics .- 

Tochnii Science 

Eitto .. . . . . . Samples of tested materids . ,ippwatus for teaching electrical 

Students '==Q-F' o@d drawings d 

dm* 

Co11eotlon of bailding-stones . Vetdmrymedicines .. . Santuvin . - -. . . 

Hotair fan 

Hawk's Bay ~okrt, and &virb, 

d o n 

and

CLASS 33-ALL tVitTICLES XOT OTHERWISE CL.3SSIFIED. ETC.-cmdinusd. 

Eshibit. 

Awud. 

Arch and aolonnacle m Hew Sonth Spdal award and 

wa~s conrt 

gold mdaL 

Colloetion of publiGsohoo1 eshibits Dito. 

Yame. 

Grant and Cocks, Xew South Kales . Govarnment of Xeu- South Wales . Tourist xcw Zeaiand 

Dr. L L Smith, victoria . . 

6- Zealand Rnilweys Dttpartmt 

. . 

IhmainY- . Tkpmnn ~ldcal'~0rb 

Ssmuel Aitchhn . . . . 

ELMOlGLydCo. .. 

Ridlcrp and Son. Chistchurch' ' 

W. R Storey, Wanpnui . . 

G. Tmpnell, Selson . . 

a S. ~ohtm (Limited), ~ondolr 

31sna'Ltla lcourt" . . 

Hawke'r; Bsy Conrt . . 

Auctland (%,UI% . . 

Waiksto Coilrt 

Soiitl~ Cmtarbury &i;rt 

jlarlh>unyh Cbiut . . 

Sort11 Cant~rbnry biirt 

W& coast Court .. 

Southland Cola . . 

bl~burtu~i bnrt. .. 

Pmfmr W. B. B-nlkm~ 

Dr. L Cockayne . Edgar R. Waitc.. F-LS.. Curator, Canter- 

bury 3Lusenni 

Ditto .. . . . . -. 

A. Ward. Hokianga . . . . . . 

Sew Zda~ul Touris? nnil Hvsltk fkwn:: 

hlmrtsloilt 

Ditto . . . . . . . . 

-. . . . - . . 

~i;ile.v alld tills. clvistChmci ' 

. . 

Fnrquhnr nud Gill. dberdeen. htlind: 

L. F. Ayou. Inspector of Fiherirs. 

Marine Deplrtment. Xea Zealand 

E Jliddlemiss. Blenheim 

J. Rose, 3, 

- - 

General dmlar of Kew South Wales 

Oomt. 

GRpder ashibit . . . . . . 

Colleetiw exhibit. oil paintings . . 

Bniiway exhibit . . . . 

Xatd =oq section . . . . 

Electrical &tiup . . . . 

Had-de ~ I t 0 0 f 1 . . . . 

Slllrhi hsrvester . . . . 

General diplay . . . - -. 

Fansr panels, aowl framing . . 

Collective eshibit . . 

Eshibit of pencils dct'honl Sew 

Zeslandw 

Eshibit of varieties of PC& . . 

General display of court . . . . 

1. . . *. . . 

*. . . . . 

. . * m. 

. . . . 

.- . . . . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. * 

. . 

. . 

.. 

s*.; amland ~ rar~cl i Ges. ~ slic~< 

tom. &e. 

Enlarged l~hotopajh. of Kva Zrr 

lend l~lantx 

Frrsk-water aqnarii~m . . . . 

For seh illustrating methwk of 

attack and defence among anin~als 

Evaporatcd al~l~les . . 

Di:qilr;r of fRUw-deer hA . . 

.. %mi cimiw . . . . 

.. ksuri-ptm . . . . 

.. tront . . . . 

Cullwtion of +m of Sea Zdancl. . 

Display of &-deer Iwads . . 

Teis: Da~rjlj~elin~. orav Pew . . 

Exrellener of exhibig . . . . 

Fih, kc., contained in qaarium . . 

AND PASTORAL COMPETITIOS. 

GBAIS. Em. 

-wrinkled.. . . . . 

. * . . 

P- &I1 bllw . . . - 

U'hite clover . . -. . . 

-. . . . . 

RB~ iiover . . . . . . 

COW-^ . . . * . . 

Rye-corn . . . . 

oatn,. storm IG& . . . . 

3 bushels peas, wrinkled . . . . 

did d 

Siver medal. 

GolG md. 

9, .. 

t. 

Special aranl and 

pokl mwlal. 

Gohl medal 

Silver medal. 

Gold medal. 

f3iver';nedal. 

Gold medal.

AGRICWLTUW AND PASTORAL CO33PETIT1Oi\--amfind 

C1lLu.x. src.--~~ntiauai. 

Xame. Bxhibic. Awud. 

E D. Vavasom, Blenheim . . .. Wind-lvE5dqbarley -. .. %Id medal. 

Otago Malting Co., .. . . . . ,. . . . . FQhIy c o ~ 

.. .. . . .. .. Silver medal. 

9. *. .. (2hdierk .. . . 

E D. Vavasour. .. . . . . COM hal. D. Biihell, .. White &&,-&; .. .. 

9. . . .. Horn-beens . . . . .. .. 

. . . . P- ~orhrblre-km . . . . 

,) .. . . . . Cape barley. . . 

.. . . . 3 bhts --&sting Grley . . SibTmecla~ 

H. D. Vamur, ,,, ,. .. Goldmedal. 

D. ish he^, . . ~herslier'ke~ . . Epgldy aommended. 

I. D. Vavamnr. .. .. .. . . Sdver medal. 

.. .. . . .* .. . . Gold medal. 

- 

WOOL 

G. D. G w n d . . 

2 fleeces from hoggets, Comedvle . . Gold medal 

James Strongfenow . . .. 0- .. . . 

G. D. Greenwood . 9 ,* . . .. 

Bealey Broa, Hororata ,, hcggets, Romney .. 

P. C. Threlkeld, W o n 

,. hoggets, Isicestar .. 

7. " .. 

. . 

easa, &omney . . 

.. ram. .. . 

.. hoggets, ing menno &mg-comC 

9. 

.. evp% ditto . . 

.. raWA.. . cvwea, 6ne-combhg 

merino 

.lames Little . . . , hoegee4 Comedale . . Siver medal. 

G. D. Greanwoorl. gbrk? . - . ewes, . . 

rtUNL 9- J. Strongfellow, Ckrtsey . . . . 

. . 

9. 

William Bell, Blenhe'i . . . .. ewes. Romney .. 

James Thompson, Bknhe'i . - . . .. ram8. 9. . . 

R and J. Reid. Rivexsleii, Darfield . . .. we% .. . - .. 

.J. X. XevilIe, Blenheim . . . . .. rams. Leicester . . 

Cr. Gaultier * . . . . . bets. strong-mmb- .. 

ing merino 

Carter's Tmstees, Blenheii . . . . 

ewes, dittn . C. Gaultier . - . . . ram4 9, 

.* . . . . . 

hoggets, he-combii 

merino 

F. Cr~l~e, Word . . 

ewes. ditto .. 

C. Gaultier . . 

ram, 7, 

*. 

G. D. Greenwood 

hoggets, Corriedolc . . Eighli commended. 

James Little, Hamiken 

cares, . . 

ram% . . -- 

. 

Y* 

w i ~hompeoa;. . 

hoggets, a~gney .. 

James Thompn . - 

ewes. ., . . 

Fkll . . 

lams. .. . . 

haggeta, Ieiceater .. 

** 

W i m 

P. C. Threlkeld 

R and& Reid 

C. Goaltier 

. . 

.. 

. Carter's Tm- . 9. 

. . 

ewes. strong-combing n 

merino 

hoggets, ditto . . n 

rsma .. . . .* 

e m . . . .*

m.-HOME IXDUSTRIES EXHIBITION. 

SECROI 1.-W~msa. S ~ O 2.--Comn H 

C~BSBSWIPDP,VCE-.~~~~~, 

ma88 1. Ckrss 4. 

Name. Asud. Nuae. 

Agnes Blaok, Tira Ora . . Gold medal. V. G. Campbell, duckland . . Gold medal. 

Raymond Knight, Spre don.. Sinr medal. I Nellie D wyer, Cluistehurch . . Silver medal. . 

Chas. E. White, Christefmrch Bronze medaL Annie Weir. Heathcote Bronze medal. 

Im Pointon, Christchurch . . Certificate. 3Iillicent Jennings. Chris;: CertiGeate. 

Ethel Haldaue, New Plymouth .&&Ihlr commended. church 

Myrtle Rowan, New Plymouth 

Elizabeth Callins, Waiomngo- 9 I Ssmox ~.-JLL~ATMQ. 

mai 

Elsie Gilbert, ?Jew Plymouth.. Commended. 

1 

Class la. 

Lizzii Nelson. Napier . . Silver mu. Ivy Thornpeon, New Plymouth 

May Jt Salmon& Miltan . . &OI~LB medal. 

Robert Campbell, Kingsdoan 

: Ethel Dunnicombe. ti ma^ . . Certificate. 

ma882 Clam lb. 

Alexander Black, Tira h . . Gold medal. \V. P. \Vibms. \\hnganoi . . Silver medal. 

JImle Rethey. New Plymouth Silrar m d . Emmrr Jrurtagh. Hawent . . Bronze medal. 

Dorothy Thpe. Marlborough Bronze medal. 

JCarjorie HcGahey, Sew Ply- Certificate. Clw 20. 

mouth Florence 3Ioscrop, Onmaru . . Silver medal. 

Brtha Hannam. -1ddiwon - - Highly commended. I G , Riphadon. ~ Palme~ton Bronze medal. 

Joseph Knock Napier . . Sort h 

Hilda m v e . Mdineon ('ommendd. morn U. -\llan. Snrth-east Val- ('ertiticste. 

Evr Slarkie, Giiborne . . ley 

IInheI Baty. Cisborne . . .. Class fb. 

Florence 3foscrop. Oamara . . Silver medal. 

C14~8.9 3. Flora 11. -4llnn. Xorth-eaut FTal- Bronze medal. 

J. R. \Firit, Christch~~rclr . . ( hld n~di~l. ley 

John R. Wait. ('hristchurrh . . Sil\-er n~edal. Smc bs l-Trcr~~-\v~rrrsa. 

Henry V. Fwter. Christrhumh Rmnze nletlctl. 

Freds Tooman. ;Suckland . . ('ertitic~~te. 

Chrss 2. 

H. -4. Bishop, Auckland . . Commended. \Villiam Bmdwe L i d 

S ~ mL-A'a~ulc~acm s 

C~RRP~AIJDEJCE. 

cllux 1. 

(hiweld Birrell. f:ish)me . . (:old ~nedi~l. 

. . Highly commended. 

-Unk 1. IThlott. Dnllington . . 

Sscrrox .i.-C)~.u.ur~r.r~ \\'our. EW. 

Clam I. 

. . Silrer medal. 

Birrban Clemenr. Sydenhm . . Silver medal. B. (:. Stanton. C'hristch~~rrh 

Irene Bosomworth. Cheviot . . Bronze md;ii. 

Gwen Digby, C'hristchllrch . . ('ertitivate. 

C'IIW ?. 

.le;~neie .low. Tinwrli . . Gold medal. 

C'lrrss 2. B. Browdie. Dunedin . . Sil\-er medal. 

Harry Ftitch. Christchnrch . . (:old medal. \\'. d. -4ttkin. ('hrixtch~irch Bronze medal. 

Nellie Dwyer. Cluistchurrh . . Silver 1ndi11. ( '. D. (Lipen. 1lnt11elr;c . . Certificate. 

Annie \lreir. Heathcote \-alley Rrnnze n1d:rl. 

Hilda Archey. Rurnhsm . . ('ertitici~te. 

SBCTIIIY ti.-C'OLLECTI~ISS. 

C'lrw I. 

C71w 3. 11. 4:rrnnderson Riccarton . . C'ertific:~te. 

Eunice P. smith. (Ihristcharrh Iiuld tninl. 

Gwen Digby. Christc'I11~(1h . . Silver rnd;tl. C'Itw 2. 

Freda Jenning. ('hristch~~rch Bronze medal. Riehirrrl Steven*. Chriztch~~rch Silver medal. 

Gordon -l Sandenna Tinraru C'ertiticate. John Spiller. -Iddington . . Certificate. 

29-Ekhibiri'on.


-OX 6.4h~~~mxox~ntinucd. 

Class 5. 

Nuua Arurl 

B. Allen. Picton . . . . Gold medal. 

Clc~s 10. 

Elsie Eoldsworth. Heathcote (;old nledal. 

Elsie Wilkinson. Heathcote . . Silver medal. 

C h 16. 

E. G. Anderson, \Vellington . . Ch-tiiirnte. 

aa88 241. 

F. J. Wesney. InvercargiU . . 

R. S Brooke, Cluistchurch . . 

A S. Carroll, Lyttelton . . 

-U D a d , Springston . . 

CIw 9". 

S. k Radger. Christchureh . . 

Iq Foster, Chriaehureh . . 

.%muel Togan. S-denham . . 

Lilian Cooke. Christrh~~rch 

. . 

aa88 s. 

Bronze medal. 

Certificate. 


('ommended. 

tiold mdal. 

Silver medal. 

Bronze medal. 

('ertiticate. 

Florence Orchard. Ckistchtuch Brow medal. 

H. R. \FI~o. Christchurch . . I'ertitirate. 

H. -4. Zeinmina. Sew ,%ut11 ('on~mdd. 

Wales 

.J. Garrett. A~wkland . . 

$BI.?I?os ;.-DIUWIX~: ASlr PAI%TIS(:. 

CIw 1. 

C.. F. Penlington. Spmydon . . [;old medal. 

Nuriel Fiiis. Xapier . . Silver medal. 

Laurn &nnett. Chriztcl~u~h Bronze- d nl. 

.\I. E. Tnrman. \Tonlaon . . ('ertific~~te. 

(!/as* 2. 

Hilda Oriinwald. A11cMand . . Brow medal. 

Leah Jhitlmd \\-oodlad~ . . Certificate. 

\Vellington Tahnirnl School ('ertifirate. 

p11pi1. IVellinpton 

C'INU 3. 

H. A. Southern. Hohr~ . . (;old medal. 

F. Priqle. ti an^ . . Silver medal. 

J. Cooder. \iielbgton . . Rmw mdnl. 

CIw 4. 

H. A. Southern. Hohrt . . Bronze medal. 

L1aa kr. 

H. A. Southern, Hobart . . Gold medal. 

E. F. Evw. \Wingion . . Silver medal. 

&y C'aens. Auckland . . Silver medal. 

T. L Gittos, Aucklsnd . . Bronze medal. 

C. A. Lee, Auckland . . Certificate. 

Name. Arud 

E Daridson, Welhqton . . Gold medal. 

Y. E Cawlev. Adand . . Silver medal. 

James Dm&. Inrereargill . . &nze medal 

C -4. k. -4uckland . . Certificate. 

C b X. 

C. F. Kelly, Christehurch . . Sil~er medal. 

I?. Harris, Sydenham . . Bronze medal. 

D. B- Wickham. A~~ckland 

a38 loa. 

SeKe O'Brien. D3nnerirke . . 

G. Smith. Feudalton . . 

M. Ries. D mvirb . . 

D. Yonteith, Dnnnevirke . . 

claw lob. 

E Wright. \Vewon . . 

L 3Iace. WeUington . . 

D. \Yakelin. \VeUington . . 

Sellie O'Brien, Dannaoirke . . 

all hker. Dannerirke . . 

. . Certificate. 

Bronze medal. 

Certificate. 

Gold medal. 

Silver medal. 

Bronze medal. 

Cbss luc. 

E. Raeren. Wellington . . Gold medal. 

I. Cooder. Wellington . . Silver medal. 

H. C Ashwell. Temuka . . Bronze medal. 

E. Rnker. Daxmerirke . . C'srtihate. 

Clam 1(Y. 

1 S. oxh-ien. Dannevirke . Gold medal. 

. E Baker- Dannevirke . Silver medal. 

D. JIonteith Dnnnerirke . Bronze medal. 

JI. R k Dannerirke . . ('ertificate. 

Clm I In. 

E b r , Dannevirke . . Bronze medal 

: C JL. Allen. Picton . . Certificate. 

I 

I ClodJ llb. 

C. M. Allen. Picton . . Certihte. 

I C'h.S3 llc. 

: JL -4. JIarshiU. WeUington . . Gold medal. 

B. JIcKenzie. n-ellington . . Silver medal 

C. 11. Alleu. Picton .. Brollpp medal . 

cbmti. 

, J. L Bradshaw- Timaru . . Gold medal. 

. K Parker, Gisborne . . Silver medal. 

I. hde~son, 

Inremqii . . Bronze medal. 

L Kcoughton, Timan~ . . Certificate. 

F. B. Kay, St. Alhans . . very highly com- 

mend&. 

C. Smith. Palmerston h'orth. . Ditto. 

; c. 8. Ba.igent, Nelson . . Commended, 

clam 7. 

Robert Ferguson. Qwensland Gold medal. 

Leslie (haen, New 311th Wales Silver medal.

mc.--a~Jind 

ClcMs 7-ntinued. 

CIosa 4. 

Xnme. Award Name. A d 

D. lC Cothbertm InvercargiU Bronze medal. D. Ewen, Welbgton . . Gold medal, with 

E J. k. Cisborne . . CertScate. special mention 

R. J. Still, O p d - Paul, Wellington . . Silver medal. 

mended. Mrs. Reich, Welliion . . Bronze medal 

ZS. W. Dearsley, R i o n . . Commended. C- F. Kellv. Christchurch . . 

Cla8rllo. 

Hardd -4. Southern. Hobart . . Gold medal. 

L Cooder. Wellinqton . . Bronze medal. 

M. L XamW \Vellb@on . . Ceditieate. 

Ckus 86. 

E. k Southern, Hobart . . Gold medal. 

-J C. Sit, Auckland . . Bronze medal. 

Claae8c. 

& k Southern, Hobart - . Silver medal. 

D. X e h Gisbonw . . CertiPcate. 

C h !In. 

C P: Kelly. Christchrtrch . . Guld medill. 

Amy Cole=, duckland . . Silver meflal. 

h Houston. \Vellington . . Rmnze mmli~l. 

I. M Copelaand. -\ucHand . . 

Claw '$I. 

F~HeC:mlren .\r~rlrland . . Bronze medsl. 

. . Certificntc. 

E ~uc'irli. inw wood . R. & Billens. Palmemton ,, 

North 

C*w lld. 

Ivy Gooder. \Vellington . . d ;old medal. 

Rex hidry. \Vaq;ln~ri . . Silver medal. 

C: l[. Allen. Picton . . CIertificatc. 

SIB~OS 

G R. ~egber. duckland . . CertiGate. 

. . 

3L ~nti'er. ~eUin@in . . .. 

D. Ewen. Wellington . . -, 

C h 5. 

B. A. St. Clair TisdaU. duck- Gold medal. 

lad 

Ditto . . . . . Silver d. 

It lImters, Aucliland . . Bronze medal. 

E. 8. Jones, Christchurch . . Certificate. 

B. d St. Clair Tia, ducli- Very highly wm - 

land mended. 

Ckres 6. 

-4. E. dbbott, Chrintchurch . Gold medal. 

E Yeaten. Dal~lin. Irelnnd . . Silver medal. 

31. lIwre. .\urtlnncl . . Rronxe med:ll. 

1, Smith, Blethein~ . . Certificate. 

E. G. Freemaa Linwmd . Sf. -4. Ev~~ur, 

Chss 3. 

.. Bronze medal. 

\VeUington . . Silver medal. 

CIw 3. 

Rase Lewis. ~~htistc~lrt~rclt 


Xellie (ireen. St. .~IJlirns . . Certificate. 

C k 6. 

S.--DRA\YIS~: ABD P.\ISTISC: FROJI ~~~~~~RE. F. Lmy. Dlwdin . . Gold medal. 

Glow - ~~ ~ 1. 

F. A. Roda-,ry. Hobart . . Gold mdaL 

.. .. . . Sirer medal. 

E. G. ~kem;ln. Linwd . . Certificate. 

.J. JL Dze, \\-ellington . . 

CIIW 2. 

C. F. Kelly, C'hristehrlrrh . . (;old ~treclaL 

E. G. Freeman Linwd . . Sil-r mdtf. 

L Lee. \VeUinggon . . Certificate- 

3liss Gvles. \TeUiqton . . 

E L ~~n. Christchtrrrl~ . . 

m. d. D. Watt, \Velliru?on . . Certificate. 

Srms II~.-SIODELLISG. 

CkW.9 I. 

L Lee. \Vslbgton . Bronze medal. 

JL Butler. \Veb@on . . Certificate. 

R. Hm. P;~lmerritun Xorth . . -. 

Clnss 2. 

H. .J. C'. ~ ~ y\VeJh@on.. d . Bronze medal. 

D. hey, Wellington . . Certificate. 

. .. . 

A. F. X~cd. Spmydon . . Gold medal. 

aau 3. 

Jiiss Clark Wellington . . Silver medal. A. E. dbbott, Chriatchmh . . Silver medal. 

h 1 e l . Bronze meda I. 32. -ndt, Wellington . . Bronze medal. 

D. Radger. Christe urch . Certificate. I?. Caddy, Wiraganui -.

OPFICIAL RECORD 

Smox ~ ~ . - - M O D ~ G ~ ~ R U ~ ~ . 

CloM5. 

Nune. A d . 

G-h, Wellington . . Silrer medal. 

I. Taylor. Anctland . . Certificate. 

C Grimmett, Wellington - . 

Clrcw ti. 

E Abbott. Christchurrh . . Silver medal. 

E J. Clarke. Cbristohurchh . . Certificate. 

S~crr0s I~.-~RAR~. 

Ckrss 1. 

Ethel .\I. Lorie. Dunedin . (&Id medal. 

hura JIorrixon. Auckland . . Silrer medal. 

.J&e Abernethy, Sldqton Bronze medal. 

dessie Baday. Dunedin . . Certificate. 

F d Bodle. A u 

. . Commended. 

Rupert Moors, Rotonla . . ., 

CIm 2. 

Jessie Muctay. Wstchnrch Gold medal. 

K. H. Elsum. Meltmame . . Silver medal. 

H. T. G i k -Ian .. Bronze medal. 

~Lks Phillrot. Perth . . Certhte. 

A. H. Barkla. T v .. C'ommended. 

I. Y. CaoIr, New Plymolltb . . 

Closr 3. 

F. H. Choat, Ashburton . . (&Id medal. 

S G. Baker, Palmerston Sorth Silver medal. 

A. 1. Kitehinghan~. Christ- Bronze medal. 

church 

A. A. Dunne, Aucklnnd . . Certificate. 

Gloss 4. 

\S. A. Tanner. Welliion . . Gold nledal. 

M. adii. Auckland . - Silver mednl. 

R. Fequwn. D din . . Bronze medal. 

G. .l Crouch, Chrintchurch . . Certificate. 

clam 1. 

C. &mmonc/ ~bristch~~mh 

. . Wd medal. with 

s~lecid mention. 

G. _\L E Osborne, Christchurh B& medal. 

C h 2 

Francis Hannibd, Leeston . Silver medal. 

L C. Cooke. Christchd . Bronze medal. 

Close 3. 

R. R. Madden. Christehurcl~ Gold medal. 

.\L E. Kent, Christchnrch . . Silver medal. 

Sellie Dwyer, Christchurch . . 

Gwen Digby, Cbrbtchurch . B ~K& medal. 

May Stevens, bhbUrt(81 . . Llertaicate. 

i3.u~ 1. 

C. Ha-on& Wtchrueh . . Gold medal. 

n: T. ReUhgton . . Saver medal. 

. Slllld AFud. - 

Sellie DT-er. Chistchurch . . Silver medal. 

S. C G. Dounard, Wellington Bronze medal. 

-4. Sawford, Christchureh . . Certificate. 

L Ldhner9--4sbbnrton . . .. 

JL Stevens. -Ashburton . . .. 

CbssK 

A. Dnwson, .&ariceville . . Silver medal. 

Claw 6. 

JL E. Power, Manricerille . . Oold medal. 

R. R. Xadden. Christcb~uch Silver medal. 

\\-. Traoey, Sydenham . . Bronze medal. 

Semor 13.-TrP~a. clam 1. 

U. RIW~. C'hristchurch Gold medal. 

A. V. Salmford. ~~ristchurch' ' Silver medal. 

M. Camlrbell. Cluistchureh . . Bronze medal. 

E 45 Fussell, Timn~ . . Cbrtificate. 

6lasc 2. 

.\I. E Kent, Linwood . . Gold m&. 

Gwen Digbr. Ckistchurch . . Rronze medal. 

L %pford. Cluistchurch . . ,. 

Clura 3. 

JL L Hancock. Slueydon . . Silver medal. 

JL Raseell, Christchmch .. .. 

D. H. Bii Ckistchan?h . . Bronze medal. 

Sellii D m, Ckktchurch . . Certificate. 

TYPIST CLERICS' wxPETrnrr?i. 

C'lnu 1. 

A. &ward. \I-eUingtul~ . . (;old medal. with 

sprial mcnt ion. 

A. T. Sapsford, Crvistchurch Silver medal. 

G. .\L E. Osborne, ChrLstchurch Bmnze medaL 

Class 2 

.\I. E Kent, Christchmh . . Siver medal. 

Eunice Smith, Ckistch~irch . . ., 

F. Hannibal, Imeston .. Bronze medaL 

Ckrw I. 

1. JL Gould, Hobart .. Gold medal. 

Gilbert Thmp, Danedin . . &a medal. 

h G. Duncan, W- . . Bmme medal. 

chw2 

E hdeno, Dunedin . . Gold nsedaL

-. - 

Xau18. A d 

-A. Gibb. Sydenham . . Gold d. 

C. Crimmett, KeUington . . Silver medal. 

G. R. Desmond. Riccarton . . Bronze medal 

EL Gordon. Palmerston Sortb ('ertikak. 

4. 

c;. R mood, Riccarton . . 

Crlnsr ri. 

H. Jlc-mld. Cluistchurch . . 

E Edwards. \\-ellington . . 

IT. R. Lennie, \Vebpon . . 

high^ commended. 

Brow medal. 

(:old ndal. 

Sier medal. 

hntp medal. 

C'luss kr 

C C;rifitha; Auchnd . . Gold medal. 

J. IViliiams, Auckland . . Silver medaL 

T. J. Cbrin, Auckland . . ,f 

C&sa 4b. 

C. Gmitl~. A~lekland . . Silver m&l. 

J. I). (~mbani, 

\Tw~qtirncti . . Bronze 

.. .. CbmmcnderL 

( .YIIW k. 

G h 7. 

S. V. ElmIey. Sydnlhanl . . sold m&L 

H. McDonald. Cluistchurch . . Silver mdtl. 

mw !t. 

\\'. Hradwell, Linrd . . Silver nwdnl. 

A. P~IIU. A~tcUnnd.. . . (hid mwdal. 

T. C'onrtenar. A11cUamt1 . . Sib-er mednl. 

H. Indim, ~;acklend . . 

a. G&th. AncHmd . . Hrunze n141l. 

R. C. fitness. d~~ctlancl . . (hmmmdrd. 

EL Schotield. Attcklnnd . . 

C&un 10. 

3. YcDoagall, Linnood . . Gold nwdal. 

T. \I-. Owen. Opm-a . , Slver d l . 

R. A. Simpon. Splenlwm . . FRonw mednl- 

\T. Evans, Wellington . . Certificate. 

('hw 4. 

H. \\-itkrlui and H. R~bnd. (bid medal, uith 

Auctland ~@al mention. 

JIETAL\YOHK. 

C&IM 13. 

E. Bolton. R'eliion . . (;old medal 

G. Fisher, Linrood . . Silver medal. 

E Thornton. \Telimgton . . 19 

E Appleyard. (rhristchurch . . Bronze medal. 

f;. F. Stay. ('hrisrcharch . . 1-e~ hiihly 

mad 

S~crros BASKETWORK. WORK. 

C1h88 1. 

G Burson, Linrood . . Silver medal. 

C. M. Tison, Testland . . ('nmmended. 

Chss 2. 

W. a. Heaett. St. -Ubans . . 

E. Heu-ett, Chri~toh~~rch . . 

Clnss 4. 

S. Wallis, Spdenham . . 

FL Tapping, Christchumh . . 

Lloss 3. 

J. Bellitmy, C'hristchurch . . Xi]\-er medal. 

Cllaur !I. 

: A. -1. Day. (!hriskhtucli . . Silver medal. 

I 

Closa 13. 

, L JIarson. Palmui . . Silver medal 

H. F. Buroft. Ancklancl . . Rrom medal. 

P. England. Wellington . . ('ertificate. 

' C. El. Stoneho~~se. 

1 

(!lusx 14. 

(rhristch~~rch Gold medal. 

Silver medal I ~ h m 

Bronze m d . j J. E l)r@eld, duckland.. (;old medal. 

; L B. Cooper, Spdenhnm . . Silver m d . 

la 

Silver 4. Cluw lin. 

! Jlavmnl Foster. Petone . . 

] H. 'IT- Dallison. C'hriatchi~rch 

(;old medal. ! G. I-. Judkins, Sydenham . . 

iitgrriy ~vmmded. 

! O. Cllristiansen, Dannerirke . . 

.* 1 Ckrs l7b- 

H. A. Davison, Aucbnd . . 

Cmld medal, with ' E F. Roberts, Christchnrch. . 

speoial mention. . H. J. Gardiner. Chri.stch~trch 

Sirer medal. a C. People, Welhgton . . 

(;old medal. 

Silver medal. 

Bronze medaL 

1-ev highly corn- 

mendeb 

Gold medal 

Silver medal. 

FH. r commended. 

Commended.

class 21. 

E. C Cole, Christchurch . . Gold n&L 

Mrs. Hay, Ihmedin . . Silver medal. 

-A. W. Parton, Wellington . . Bronze medaL 

K Coombe, Welhqton . . 

JL A. Evans. Wellington . . Ceacate. 

C h " 

H. G. Coker, Ricearton . . Silver ndal. 

CLrldd ?.in. 

HOME INDGSTRDB E2iHIBITION4nucd. 

CABPEmBF. 

Ghss 1. 

Suua Awud. 

F. &worth, Linwood . . Eghly oommended. 

Ckrss 2. 

\V. A. \Vihn, \Vellington Gold medaL 

T. L Gainsford, East oxford' Siver medaL 

Lrcrss 3. 

E J. C. Dalziell, Linwood . . Gold medaL 

J. E Dangerfield. Aucfind . . 

A. L Torsop, Wanpnnui . . Highli commended 

CkMa la 

R-. A. Eggleston, St. -Ubans.. CWd medaL 

V. Hau~ghton, \Vellion . . Gold medal. EL Kircher, Opawa. . . . Silver medaL 

\V. King, Wellwon . . Silver medal R .Teakins, Wellington . . Bronze medal. 

C. Swain, Wehwton . . Bronze medal. 

Cluas 2.-*. 

R. IT. Binnu, Dunedin . . Gold medal. 

-1. G. Todes, Westprt . . Silver medai. 

J. J. Furlong. .~ucliland . . Bmnze medaL 

E. R. \ViIlinmr. Dunedin . . Commend4 

C'lw 26u. 

4:. Harte, Wellington . - Pfild mwlal. 

H. A. Soathem. Hobart . . Siver medai. 

c:ll188 ail. 

S. H. Hi%*. \Vellington . . Silver mdcl. 

J. Dunbar, Inremrgill . . Bronze medal. 

Cll1.s 27. 

\V. Foster, Attckhnd . . Gold ni&L 

G. Harte, \Vellingeon . . Silver medal. 

S. H. H&+, \Vebgtun . . 

(: X. Turner, Thmes . . 

L'hdd a. 

.J. Dunbar, Invereargill . . 4 blcl ni&l. 

W. A. W. X~coll. Christchurch Silver metial. 

L Xielsen, Dsnncvirke . . I. 

\V. A. W. Zr'icoll, Christehorch Bronze mednL 

-. .. Very highlv com- 

mena - 

A. .J. Lowden, Hataura . . ('ommended. 

nb~)mn- =D RAT\\-ABU'S SPKU PBUHS NK ME 

BEST WOBKISC YODELS SHO\\TEG CUEATEST cJBf- 

E W. Dallison, Christchurch Firat. 

R. W. Binns. Danedin . . k d . 

Foster Jiaynard, Petone . . Third. 

G- U. Judkim, Sydcnham . . Fourth. 

J. Donub. Wellington . . Gold m&L 

-A. Johnaon. Cbktchurch . . 

I\?. T. Fostuzy, -luckland . . Silver medal. 

Clnas %. 

\V. Ban, L i w d . . . . Silver medal. 

C h I. 

H. X, .Johnstone, Sydenham.. Silver medal. 

Cksas %. 

\V. Bridge, Tinwood . . Silver medaL 

CIuss %c. 

J. R .Johnson, \ellington . . Gold medd. 

F. Hotchinu, Sydenham . . Silver medal 

C&ua k. 

I\'. Bridge, Linwood . . Bronze medal. 

k Turnhull, Dunedin . . Highly commended. 

Chss 4u. 

R. hnbdord, Richnlond . . mhly commended. 

Class 4c. 

W. Bridge, cinwnod . . Chid medal 

CZass 52. 

A. E JIarsden. Rimarton . . CAld medal. 

9. I, . . Bronze medal. 

CInas rx. 

J. Hay. C'bri?stchureh . . 

E .I. Chapmnn. Addington . . 

.I D. Spiers. Foston . . 

d. E Hodson. Sebn . . 

&Id medai. 


I'ommended. 

C h 

4. 

W. Brown, Dunedin . . HigPly commended. 

.T. Dn- Christchurch . . Commended. 

Nelson . . ..

Nsma Arud. 

W. Bridge, Lind . . Gold medal. 

1. 9 . . ,Silver medal 

Ckrssa 

-I F. Ray, Spreydon . . Silver medal. 

-I E. Hooper, Christchnreh . . Bronze medal 

Class 10. 

E W. Webb. C'hristchurcn . . Gold medaL 

- Swinbumr, Anckland . . Silver medal. 

IPI-LAYIRG. 

LTcMs 11. 

A. S. Grigg, Mornington . . Gold medal. 

C h 12. 

D. Kean, Webgton . . C-Id medaL 

IT. Ftaser, Invercargill . . Silver medaL 

.. . . B~uuze medal. 

R Boyd, \\kneanni . Commended. 

C Osbome. Great Bamer . . 

A. &borne, Great Barrier . . 

CI4IM 13. 

\T. A. Jndlrinw, Sydenbam . . (;old medal 

- . Silver n1ed111. 

A a HUM, ~elwm'. . . 

C. P. .Vnnnhardt, ihrintcharch Bronr; medal. 

C'ltl~ 14. 

J. G Henderwu. Duntdin . . 

R W. Fairbrotlrer, Ckrterton 

.I. J. Blaclie, InvercargiU 

R. Sims, Invercnrgill . . 

H. Dunlop, 1nven:n~~U . . 

F. S. Jones, Selaun . . 

I. C'. Hendersnn, I)IIIIWL~II 

. . 

HOME INTUSTRIEE EXHLBP11OX-wtdid. 

Gold n1ednL 

Silver nwdnL 

Bronze mrdnl. 

Smux ~~.-CAR\-IS

HOME INDrnRIES ExErBITION-m~ntKd. 

Spcllox 2 3 . 4 ~ W' o ~ ~ ~ n , w d Smox ~~.-T~C~GSCEOOL CLIssrs 

Gloss lg. 

First Orda of Jfmcnt. 

Name. A d Name. Award. 

R F. JIartin, CfiriBtcharch . . ~ durte. Wenington Technical School. . Plumbing. 

W. C. Miller. FVdhgtm . . commended. 

n ., .. c~try. 

CDass 2. 

.. ., .. Eykmhg drawlugs, 

S+P 

0. E Partridge, Linwood . Very highly corn- , 

meptioned. 

mended. I 

3, . . Modelofcharch. 

ClU8a B. 

> ~u&d 

R. S. 3LcLt?an, Wellington . . .. .. c!ar@entr~- 

Bronze medal. ,. ., .. Carpentrj-, first 

year's Course. 

Machine wnatrnction 

and drawing. 

Technical art. 

SECTIOH %.-~vGXAVIXO. 

Buildbg - ~111Btruc- 

Close -4. 

tion. 

0. H. Partridge, Linwood . . Commended 

Rombing, specially 

mentioned. 

Smos lZi.-Mrsrca~ Ixsmnu~ars. 

Joinery. 

.J. Hewitt. Rongahere . 

I 

. Wd medal. 

i " 

Carpentry, t h i r d 

(;. Duke. \Vaianiwa . . Silver 

year's course. 

medal. 

.T. Whitehouse. Thamw . . Bronze medal. 

>letat, e v e n i n g 

.I. Hewitt, Rongahere . . Very highly con- , 

classes. 

mended. 

nnoodwork teachems 

. . Ditto. 

cla£s. 

I. 

Xechanicol dmwing, 

W. J. Bowman, Temukii . . Hihly commended. ' -9 

\V. Cooper, Heathcote . . 

day %yn. 

E. B. Howell, Dnnedin . . .. ! L%rkt.ch~uch 

Coachbnddmg. 

i . hton and ~0v1Gon JIiicellaneow work. 

- 

: cal 

SECTTOX .'(I.-TECHSIC~G.WHC~L 

School 

STUDESTS. 

School of Art. Chrixtchurrh . . Special mention. 

R. Jenkii, Tellington . Gold mednl. Bumham. .*hool . . . . Snddleq. 

\V. -4. \fibon, Welliryfon . . 

School of Art. i'l~rixtchurrh . . Group of bwin,gs 

J. Rmell, \Tellimpon . . 

from life. 

,A. H. \Vatem, \Tellinqon . . 

Wellington Technicnl .School. . Group, still life. 

.r. C'OO~, ~ h~tchorch . . .. 

ckgo GiuL9' High School . . Dnwineg from czst. 

\V. E .Jon% Chriatcharch . . 

' Elnm School of Art . . 

J. D. ikaharn. \Vanganl~i . . Silver medal. \Vellington Technirnl %hool. . 

\V. Richnntsnn, Sew Rrighton 

. . 

.\. Sinlmnncl*. Addington . . 

. . 

R. Bnldry, n'itnganlli . . Bronze medal. 

I. (:. P. Kirkwood, \\-eh&*on 

R. k Simlrron, Sydmhnm . . 

.Yecand Order nf Jimm$. 

C'. Y. Buy, \Tellington . . Certifi~~te- 

L Pnw-drell. Patea . . .- 

Otago (:irLs' High .School . . G~IIII of drawinp 

E P;t~nr, K. .I k- arnmea . . 

from life. 

1. . : I I I ~ n n . i . (hmmenclml. 

(:ronl'. still life. 

.\I. .\rnclt. \Vrllinetnl~ . . 

Llndscalw. 

Dressma king. 

I)rr~rr,nnPiq SCudruts. 

i'. lmke, A~~ckliind Gold medal. 

H. Alkin. Allcklatnd 

.I. \Vilcock, d~~ckland 

11. H. Renmlon. -%~~ckl:~t~cl ,. 

JI. \\-. .k~hnrton, Ancidanrl Bmnm medid. 

-9. JL ibldie. Attckhnd 

h Fletcher, -\rcckland 

X. Barr, Ooehlmp. . Certificate. 

E Stnnton, Remuera ,. 

JL Allen, Ailckland 

D. Hardcastle, Timani 

E. Jam-, Anckland 

Highly oomnlended. 

Tbid Order nf -1Ier it; 

\VeIlingtnn Technical School. . Car~ntn., .seconci 

war. 

~Ametrical dmw*ing, 

mnd year. 

Painting and deco- 

9. 

rating. 

Dnnedin 

Wood -carving and 

pinters. - 

Auckland 

Cabinetmaking. 

hton 

Woodwork.

C'IISPBP---U)&. S-ox ?~.-SX~DIE\FOB~-C~U~~R~~ 

.C(BCTIO~P %.-TZCS.SICAL-SCHMIL 

Third Order of Jfmt--cmtinned. C h 7. 

X~me. Award. Nuna Arrrd 

st. stepha's School of Maori Carpe?try, first-year T- Hetarild, Wbaaga~e . - Silver medal. 

Jd. Forsgth, Cheviot . . .* 

OF 

Ditto .. . . 

pupils 

. . Ditto, -nd - pear lf. Gill, Christchurch .. Bronze medaL 

pn* 

Canterbury School of Art . . Landscapes. CCoss 8. 

We.hgton Technical School. . Grnupn. still lie. R- Reading, Bromley Silver medal. 

4~ Livingstone, mborou& ' 

Fourth Order of Xed- X. Thew. Xapier . . .. ~rotdmedal. 

F e m n Technical School. . ELectrical a p p 1 i- Jf. Smith. =dborough . . Cert.ifieate. 

ancea h t year. 

. . Ditto, second pc?u. 

ClaM 9. 

JL Tbew, Xapier . . .. Rmnm medal. 

Srmos %.-as C'M. 

F. W. Sandford, Christch~lmh Geld medal 

- Dickson. Westport . . 

\V. Bmphy, AacLland . . 

E J. Coldbeck, Sydenham . . 

J. Matthew, Lyttelton . . 

J. Ballantyne, Wailtaka . . 

E 6 Yeats, Dublin 

De Gmy, ~Iuistchurch : L P. Back, Eokitika . - 

T. J. Woonan, Christchurch . . Bronze medal1 

5, Simpon. Christchwh . . 

EL Thorn. Sydenham . . 

D. Biggins, Greedale . . 

S. Hyman. S-vdenham . . 

K&a E Bock. Hokith . . 

I. R W. Wright. Christchurch 

.L J. Osborne. Great Barrier 

E \Villiams. Lyttelton . . 

L H. Evans, C'hristcharch . . 

L Prudhoe. Christchurch . . 

W. H. Dougnll, Christchurch 

- Sime, C%ristchurch . . 

M. D. Carter. (Jhriritchurch . . 

C F. Ward. Christrh~rrch . . 

L P. Bock Hokitih . . 

Class 11. 

, C. Craw, Chodton . . . . Silver medaL 

A Heaby, FairbaU.. . . qP 

I D. Boyce, Fairhall . . . . . 

A. Batchelor. Sefton . . Bronze medal. 

U. ILmn, Sefton . . Certificate. 

D. Smith, Khangape . . Very highly wm - 

mended. 

clcles In 

by. Fairweathw, Kennington Silver medal. 

.I. Dagg; Queenstown . . Bronze medal. 

, CIw 13. 

L Ademon, Sefton . . Silver medal 

M. Hemmond, Fairhall . . 

8. irery, Fairhall . . . - 

I, \Volferston. Fairhall . .r. Batchelor. .Sefton . . Brow medal. 

F. Topp, Seftan . . . 9, 

.Y. Batcholor. Sefton . Certificate. 

Clws 13. 

k C'uok, Elst Ysitlaud. Sen- Gold m&l. with 

South \\'ides special mention. 

I. Lambly. Yolyunui . . Silver medal. 

R. Rlack. Sew Plvmoi~th . . -- 

Elsie J[slcdonnld. bannerirb 

Sscnos ?!.-~BBDLE~VOBL 

CIaar 1. Class 1!L 

E JL Harris. Sydenham .. Gdd medal. sit11 (X \\-. (:ma. ICailiotw .. 

special mention D. \Vilson. CZlristcherch . . 

L Sharp. Wellington . . Brom medal. & JCcDon.ild. Christchurch . . 

G. .liken. Linwood . . Cmitieate. F. Ritchie, Cluistchurch . . 

JL JId;leUlmd, Christchurch.. 

Gloss 2. Forburp School PepBs. Dun- 

H. .J. Neik. Linwood . . Very com- din 

mended. I 

Sirer medal. 

~ro& medal. 

Certhte. 

Special prize. framed 

certificate. 

Class 3. 

Gloss 3. : .I Healey, Fairhall.. .. Silver medal. 

D. Schmidt. Ti-1 .. Gdd medal. with D. Boyce, Fairhall .. . . 

specid mention. I L JL Rhodes. Christchurch . . Bronze medal. 

E. 0. Bond. Hamilton . Higbly commended. 1 S. Oshorne, Linwood . . Certificate. 

I 

CbaI ciaad 21 

T. Walker. Dunedin . . Certificate. . . . . With ~lpmal meu. 

.J. Butler, Pieasant Point . . tioa

a48 2. 

G. U. Twmcy. Lfitelton . . Gold medal. 

B. Rankin. Kimee.. . . Bmnxe medal. 

L Lamen. 1nrere.usill . . Highlr commended 

HOME Ih?)TXXBIES EXHIBITIOS-contiwuml. 

SECTIOS B.-NEEDLB~POBK-COR~'~U~~ S~cnos 3l.-Wo~~ OX LLPm, MVSLR?, BTC. 

clasa 22. Class 1. 

?Came. Atrrd 

Same. 

Arard, 

Sistezs of Conrent of Good- Framed certificate, R B. hisbet, W p i . . Gold medal. 

shepherd, Spresdop - - 

with spcial ma- k E Barker, chrisrchristehureb . . Silver medad. 

tion 

A. Gundm Riccarton . . 

Siterr of Mercy. Cl~ristchurch Framed cartifhate. D. Jags. Queenstown . . ~rn- medal 

,. Lytteltm . . .. A. E Bark. Christchurch . . 

J. Walker. Ihmedin . . 

ch.9 23. 

J,JLN&owan. Ross .. 

Girls' Friendly Soeiet.y, Syden- Framed cartificate. E Freeman, Sydenhaln . . verb' highly comham 

mended 

Ditto .. . - . . ., M. Maclal-. Christchnrch . . Higvy commended. 

Class 23. 

L peer; Christchmeh . Cemficate. 

E. H. Carpenter. Saldhurst. . . Gold medal. 

0. A 3L Tipping, Cost . . " 

.U D. .\iatthews. Kookton . . Silver medal. 

Clcrss 2. 

Siers of the Mission, Kati~e Framed certificate. 

S~crros ~~.-DBCOR~TLVE NEEDLEWOBL pupils, Chittag 

am 1. 

E H. Fllintt. ~63's at . . Silver medal. 

L Prietor. Dunedin .. Branze m&L (3; Gundersen, Ricearton . . Bronze mednl. 

E C. Loder. St. Albam . . Certihte. 

S. P. H. Easton, Olraaa . . Highly commended 

cluaa 3. 

L Team, \\-ellington .. Commended. 

S. B. 3lacdonald. Dunedin . . Gold medal. 

W. Sbarp. Palmerston Sorth 

B. YrFia~. Timarn. . . . ~ilveFmedal. 

E Morris. Gainpi . . . . Rronre medal. 

elam 6. 

L. S\r.anston. C'hristchurch . . 

S. Hutchison D~lncdiu . . 

E S. Jliiller, Timaa . . 

L &cl\Iillan. S,pnurwnhia . . 

Gloss 7. 

K. O'lIally. Christehurcb . . 

Ckrss 8. 

E. O'Nally. Christchurch . . 

A. Dramfield. Christch~uch . . 

G. Seon Auckland . . . . 

E. Cock, Selson . . -. 

Silver medal. 

~ro& medal. 

Certificate. 

Rronze medal. 

Silver medal. 

Clear 3. 

D. Cnrdale, Caversham . . 

T. J. Steele. Hamilton . . 

Silver medal. 

Clnm 3. 

Certificnte. 

Sisters of the Mission. Christ- Framed certificnte. R. Schmidt, Timan1 . . *, 

church C h ti. 

N. C. C;ilkrt. \\-elli~~gton . . Silver medd. L Lnraen. Invercnr*,.ill . . (;old medal. 

1. Henton R~lmerston Sorth Bronze medal. G. Pillmmer. ('llristcllumh . . Silver medal. 

F. Cooler. Christeharch . . Highly cornn~c.ndd. 

I. K. Thomas. \\'hangarci . . CommenJed. Clrux S. 

-.. - K E. Hall. Pl~lrrtc. . . . Silver medal. 

C'lW 5. F. Ho1s1c.c. o1mn-a. . . . 9. 

Sistem I& ('onreat of C h d Framecl rertificnte. x. ,~hri~~c~lllw~l . . Bronze mednl. 

SI~?~~laenl. S~~wydvtl .\L Cnrlry. Hokit iLt . . 

14irlz' Friendly .%wiety. Sydenhum 

SEC~TOS ~~.--C'BOSS-STITCH. 

6. Rulras. Christchorch . . Cold medal. 

D. \-. P\ne. St. ;\lbnns . . Silver medal. 

C b I. 

L ~eatl-. DuIJin . . . . 

T. H;~rrin-?on C'hristrlruml~. . Silrer medal. 

D. Srott. Hedgehvlr. . . 

R. Koinnmopolos. -4hroa - . 

B. Sariaty. (;r~ymo~ath . . 

A. Glpn. Oamanl . . . . Bronze medal. 

R. Batten. haw en^. . . . 

ci%am 1. 

H. Koinomoplos, Aliaroa . . Silver me&L 

. . 9. 

H. X \ I! ~unedi6' . . Bronze medal. 

Gloss 1. 

E Friiander. Ashburton . . . Gold medal. 

XIS. Inman Tod. Welliion Silver medal. 

6. Hearn. n'aqmnui . . .. 

E H. Cholmondeley, Port *I 

I. Robii Cheviot . . B- medal. 

hv 

R. Kelly* Xub~ta . . . . Certificate. 

k G. Kemp, Gre-ylpouth - . ,I

s~~no1P 33.-Lac~--colltid 

CladeI 

Name. Arm3 

H. Fdedldr, Ashburton . . Gold mediiL 

C b 3. 

H. X. Map, St. Albans . . Gold medal. 

S i m of the Jiission-Xative 

pup&. Wtmgong . . Pnuned certificate. 

a s tem, D- 

M. J. Roche, Bluespur 

L Pegler. Christchurch 

x. Scott, Waitehuri 

k A t Barnett, Dunedin 

R. Hutcbgs, Napier 

R G. Wim. Oarnaru 

L Smith, Wahrap~ 

A. M. Barnett. Dunadin 

R. G. Williams, Oamaru 

J. Peat, W q n i . . 

JL J, Roche, Bluespur 

Ckrss 

Gdd medal. 

Silver medal. 

t. 

Certificate. 

. . 

M. Gzmmond, R&s . . 

L bghnity, Wellington . . 

JL J. Rochs, Bluespur . . Commended. 

k G. Ross. Wellington . . 

L Taylor. Christchurch . . .. 

. f. 

L Hopldns . . .. 

. . . . 

. . . . 

. . C'ertikate. 

h'k E. !lSuton,'~~outh, 

wand . . . . Gdd medal. 

- .. . . . . Silver medal. 

Clnssi 

F. Iveas, C'hritchnrch . . Bronze medal. 

ClaM 7. 

D. Pmst. Rimarton . . Gold medal. 

L 0. Shepheard, Lyttelton . . Bronze medal. 

W. W. Williams, Robinson's 

Bay 

Clclss 8. 

B. Dolores. Victoria . . Silrer medal. 

W. W. Williams, Robinson's C'e&ificate. 

Cbsc 9. 

U A. Metcaife, Chrmtchurch.. Silver medal. 

\V. W. Wiiams, Robin's Certificate. 

czUa.9 10. 

D. M, Riccarton . . Gold medaL 

W. W. Williams. Robinson's Commended. 

BOY 

Name. Auud. 

B. 3LcD. Cox, Sydenham . . Silver medaL 

H B. Wilsw, Christchr~rch . . ,. 

H Robertson, Wellington . . Bronze medal. 

.. 

E L Ltt. Gimrndiburn . . ~ertifiiite. 

E. Duckworth. Stirling . . C'ommended. 

CIaes 2. 

E M. Warkins. Holritih . . Silver medal. 

469JicHerriS. nestport .. 

A. Bruce, Waimate.. .. Bronze medal. 

E Shepherd, Invercargill . . Grtificate. 

Mm J. Carroll, Lyttelton .. 

0. L V. Rasmt-n. Kaikoura ~om&ended. 

JIrs. A Sorrall, St. -Uhans . . 

Claw 3. 

M. B. Bruce. W-aimate . . Silver m&L 

E Slater, Dunedm . . . 

Mrs. J. Cox. Eltham . . 

JLra J. Carroll. Lyttelton . . Brow medal. 

. . Certiseate. 

s- Yra 

J. Ryan. Chstc turh . . Highly commended. 

C h 4. 

4 JIrs. K. .Wen, Picton . Silver medal. 

d Chatfield, Barry's Bay . . -. 

JL Simlxon. Avonside . . Bronze medal. 

B. IL Lockley, luckland . . Certificate. 

JIn; R. J. Holden. Te -hha Very highly ronlmended 

N. Htachirion. Dtinedii . . Highlr cxmtnlenderl. 

Cltm 1. 

P. E. Hdmes, Jherton . . Gold mehL 

E JL Holmes, Masterton . . Silver medal. 

E. Webb, Christchtuch . . 

X EUiott. \Fallion . . Bronze medal. 

M. Tmaki, mhnngnpe . . Certitit ate. 

Claes 3. 

Mrs. E J. Paul. Ashburton . . Silver medal. 

U. Gibb. New Brighton . . 

L Lgnnebeg, Kaia-nm . . Bronze me&:. 

C h 4. 

X. Ellis. Linwood -2-f . . Silver medal. 

C!. Ro- Welliion . ., 

oa8 a. 

Jh. W. D. Johnston, Raqiora Silver mdd. 

Five FairhaU pupils, Fairhall Framed certificate. 

czUa.9 6. 

A h R Schmidt, Timaru . Gold medal. 

M. H a h , New Brighton . . Silver medal. 

E L Bnrscr. TImw .. Bronze medal. 

M. dmuketi. Khangap . . Certi6cate.

HOME DID~STRIES EXHIBITIOS~~nwd. 

Sscrrox 38.-&0~1 XEEDIPWOBK. SECIIOS %.-MAOEZ Xm~~wowc+ntinllCd. 

CIoss 1. 

Name. Award. 

Isabel Rauniti, Jiatata . Gold medal 

Te Ha Hirini, Xatata . . Silrer medal. 

Tma mharepapa, Yatata . . Bronze medal. 

Te mhaki hmina Certificate. 

Wahia JIawaki, Te Kotuk;: Hihly commended. 

tulm 

C& + 

Mary Savage. Matatcr . . Sirer medal. 

M e 

CIase i-continued. 

Xsme. Aru& 

T. 0. T. \Vko . . . . Certificate. 

Dorothy Domy . . 

Hannah UcXamara. Kaikouk Hig& commended. 

cla.Su 10. 

Emnnnel Agnes. Hularere . . Silver medal. 

Te Fhki Kuti . . . . 

Wai-tan@ . . . . ~r- medai. 

hi atera, Te ~o;;kutuku. . Certificate. 

Uatchitt . . . . Bronze medaL 

LoaissAgas~tiz .. . . &&ate. 

SECTIOS OBI MA OBI HOME IXDUSTIU~. 

2. 

claea 3. 

JIeriana huketi. \-pe -!;Old m&l. 

3Ieriann Tamati, \hangape . . 'Silver medal. 

Three pupils (combined work), Certificate. 

C b 

.J. H. Hcberley. Richmond . . Bronze medal. 

W-P swrrros U.-~lzat-~ad~wo CLASSES. 

Closs.5. 

Clw IPork. 

Te Kiri Hetariki. l\hngape. . Gold medaL Bo>-s' High School. Christ- First Order of Merit. 

Kira Keene. Te Kot~~kutuku Sil~er medal. ch~lrrh 

T. \FhaRpalm. Yatata . . B- medal. Seafon School . . . . 

Isabel Rauniti, Matrcta . . Certihate. Sewmarket School . . . . 

Ponsonby &hod . . 

Clm 6. 3Inrlboroogh ~ehooi - .. Second Order nf 

Ueriam~ Tamati. \\%amcape . . Silver medal. Merit. 

Mary -h Kahi. \llan&e . . .- 

'& Rehu Kaiti . . ,. 

hi Ueten, Te ICo&h~tuku. . Bronze mdd. 

Jiaringi Rewi . . . . 

Matiu Harata . . . . Certificate. 

Br~rnham Schd . . . . Ditto. 

~lddiqton 

Fendidton .%ha01 . . . . Ditto. 

dlrrr1~~ A~.-~~\TAL---LVG CLASS=- 

Clnss 7. 

Dorothy Douaey. Hiruhanma Silver medal. 

JlarJr Te Iri . . . . 

Ed. Harrison . . . . Bronze medal. 

I~dicidnd Work. 

Leah C'halmers. \VooI~ton . . Silver medal. 

Katie Ayln-ard. \\-ookton . . 

Xathnn Hall. l\-oolston . . 

School . . . . Third Order of Merit.

JIESlCAL ASD ELOC'LTIOSART COJiPE!l'ITIOAXS 

HELD IS COSSEC~OS WTB THE Sm- ZWD EXEZXBFTIOZ. 

List of Wintam of Co~npetitioM. 

.%pmso Saa-1. Xis J. L C'rswky, Ravensbomne, Dunedin. t Miss O. C. Tolputt. &- 

Victoria. 3. A h H. Sehober. 

Jhzo-so~llarro Son-1. JLiss A. King, ?u'apier- 2. C. Gardner. 3. Mis~ I Hard;\-. 

COXTRALTCI So~).-l. Xi F. Xorrisan, St. J1-l~ Conrent, Wellington. I. Iiing, Sal~ier. 

3. ~Sommers. 

TEJ;OR SOLO.-1. a. J. PuscheU, Domett. 

- 

9 Yessrs. --I Moore and J. W. Rose. 3. Nr. W. J. 

.ULan. 

BARITUSE SOU).-1. Mr. R D. Adat~w. 1. Mr. W. -4. UHF. 

BASS %LO.-I. ,V- C. E hdrpsl?;. 2. Mr. Hawker. 3. 3Ir. 3. h C'. G 9?" T om- 

Soscs. \VITHOrT XmC, ~ S ~CCVXPAXIED D Br SsLP.-l. Ifis Eag. 9. .hTolputt. 8. &* Jhjur. 

P~AICOFORTE So~o.--4~ahr.-l. Y. Paton. 1 Mr. A. Pacey. 3. Mi% B. Stcwk ProfmiomL-1. 

Mia* L (bm-. Dunedim. Z Ih. 3. Ni Hood. 

VIOLIS SOU.-1. 3Iku )I. K. \Taker. 2. Miss M~lnt~yre. 3. Xr. R Y. Morgan. 

R~cx~~~ross.~huk~sprk~-hdies: 1. Miss Cbwan ?. &tie Butler. 3. JLiu D. 31. (;adner. 

Gentlemen: 1. JIr. A. Che. 2 JIr. F. McCarthy. 3. Mr. J. Mitchell. Ordi~o?y.- 

Ladies: 1. Jfis D. JI. Gardner. 2. Mk Cbu-an. 3. .U*n U Tonks. Gentlemen : 1. Nr. A. 

Coe. 2. Mr. J. Mitchell. 3. Mr. F. S. Tates. H~~u8.-ladies : 1. Uku Gardner. 4. JIk 

C'omn 3. Xi B~mdaL (kntkmen: I. ,Mr. J. JIi~helL 1. Me~rrrs. ilrnstrong and Johnson. 

5 Mesrs. Bailey and Tat-. 

-THLETlC.S AS11 HI4:HL-ISl) C'OMPETITIOSS. 

The Sew 1~aland Athletic 'nion ('lraml~iol~shil~ Contests were held on tL Exhillition C;roun&. 

C'hristchnrch, on the 14th and 3itli Janun~. I!%- The ~~rizr-money w.u; voted by tln. (;orernmcnt. 

The con~lwtitions inclt~ded IXI,?J~I~-]II~~~II~ and other Hipbland contests. The 11rincilril melts 

were,- 

Pip-n~usic ~T;III~ champion*hil~. n ~ m: k \Von 11y H. Thon1l~11. wit11 A. S. 1)unriui WLWII~. 

and \V. denliiu~s thirii. Pi!*-mesir ch;~mpionshil~. 1ri)~roch- : \\'on I,?. A. I)IIIIC;III ; R. Tliom~~~ 

second: .J. ('ntneron third Pilx-m~~dc cheml~ionship, reels and ntr;~tl~sl~(.cr : \\'OIL 11~ A. S. 1)ene;m : 

- Jlc(:rerror second : IT. dtlllrin?; third 

(:ran& chilm~~ioml~il~ Highland fling : C'. Smith. 1 : \V. H. Kiigo~~r. 2 : J. YcKrchnie. 3. (.IIJIIIIpionship 

Hichliurd fling. for girLs ond b-w 11nclc.r sirtwn fin costume). rhiim~donshil~ of Sew hland : 

C Banks. I : 6. (:lennie. 4 ; d. (kmpb-U. 3. (;rand Highland reels competition : J . Ncfiechnis. 1 : 

C: Smith. 1 ; I\-. H. liilp~ir. 3. Sheantre~cs for girls. chaml~ionshil~ of Sew Zealand : Jliss -1. ('ame. 1 : 

Xis J. Hnl~ping. 4 ; JIiri. (I. Ranks. 3. Sword dance. hys and ?@rls : S. Glennie. 1. Grand championship 

Highland datncinp. Sheantress :

-9- 

BRXs BUDS COLNTESI!. 

The results of the Test Selection competition at tha New &&nd Eshibition Brass Bands contest 

Kangsnui Garrison Band (first prize f 150, special gold medal to coadurtor. and 

gold medals to band members) . . . . . . . .. 1 

I 

gaikorai Band (f100) . . - - . . . . . . . - .. - 

XeYencastle (n5) . . . . -. . . .. 3 

Auckland Garrison and (f35) : . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Wellington G d n Bad (as) . . . . . - . . . . .. 5 

The Quickstepyh@g competition resulted as follows:- 

Wmgmw Gamson Band (-) . . . . . . 

Xasterton Xnnicipsl Band (fa) . . . - . . 

hckk@ Fhat Band (SO) . . . . 

~~ Band (f.20) -. - * . . 

Sucklad Gurison Bad if 10) . . . . . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . 

.. 1 

.. 2 

.. 3 

.. 4 

.. 5 

1 special gold medal was also given to the drum-mjm of the band gaining most ints in the 

miliw department, and r)mn by --mior Mar- of the Wanganui Garrison 

G. Bncldey. Bandmaster of the Wanganui Garrison Band. won the B-tlnt cornet solo. 

Lieut. W. G. Bentley, of Sydney. judged the full-band evenu, in the contest.

0~C'IA.L RECORD 

1;-RULES AND REGLZBTIONS. 

The follow@ are the principal rule and regulations dm- up for the control and managemt 

of the Exhibition :- 

PRO~BII~OS OF STB~E~X-C- 

Exhibit- d not be pem~itted to mblet the whole or any portion of the space allotted to them. 

= Prorision will be made where weticable (at exhibitor's risk and ex-) for sopplpb power 

for exhibits to be shown in motion and for the suppl~ of electric current, or water, if required, 

if d* entd on the application for space. Exhibitors must indicate a applia*. fm .pa 

the probable extent of electric pww they will require. The charges for eleatrieity must be t h as 

correct, and paid for br the exhibitor* week!\. Erhibito~ d l not be prmitted to interfere in an\war 

with the gas or water fittings or electric light mitbo~n an apral in writing from the ~xeut.iv;. 

m-hhocce reqnirements must in all reyjrct* be complied mth. 

if any dnmage or injury shall k occasioned during the pgres of the Exhibition by my exhibit4 

machinery. implement, or article to an?- visitor or other person (or to any oflicer. aen-ant. or other 

Ierron them and then emp1o.d b~ the Exhibition Esecntim). then the exhibitor to whom such 

n~nchinev-. imlkment. or article ma>- helong shall he r~;lm~ibk. for such damage or injuv in the 

ti~t instunce. and shall k-id* indemnif~ and hold I~anulesr the said Executive from i~nd against a11 

actions, snita. exlmses. and clai~nb nn account und in reslwt of an- rnch &map or inju? which my 

bc. callsed. 

F~~RFBIT~HE (It. UEWSIT. 

In case the htluna d ~~e on ~~Y(CT i- mot lsqicl on tlw d11e dnte, tl~r fimt de~mil of ;io 1rt.r mt. rill 

Irr fnrfritd und tlr sluice rraillottcrl 

AIIJIIS..IVS FVK EXHIBI~IKY Aslr ASSISTASTS. 

Ticlic.tr (II~I-tnmsfert~k) to admit c-xhibitor-. uttentianta. and u+orkmen will Iw. s111113ied fw of 

mt to the exhibitors ; atul no exhibitor. attendant. or n-orkn~im will IK admitted witholct such ticket 

being prod~~cwl to an otIicii~l on c.nrering the poland*. In the event of sny s11cl1 ticket being transfwd 

or othcmiw disis)m.d of. tllr r;ilnle nil1 Ix- immediatel- cancellrd and nu further ticket will 

hr ixs~~cul Tlw n~tn~lwr of lwsw L w ~ tn d wvorlinlen and nttmciitnt-. uill be lin~itd at the dixretion 

nf thr Exrc~~ti\-c. of the Exhibition. 

All ytuwl* nllrst cnter untl Iew\-r on!\- at the gudr rnrnlt1rx-s. th. location of which will Lw dul? 

notilid. 

-111 goods alust Ix. foraurded con.i(med to "The Sew Ylxaland Internutionul Exhibition. C'luiatchrtrch. 

Xi-n- 7ki11am4" and in everv instuner earriace ntus be 11repicL otherwisr the c-xhibits cannot 

tw mix-rd. All goo&% uill be rpehivrnl at thr Exhibition ;lad delmsited on thr s1v;la taken by the 

exhibitor at a rea.wnnble ehqrgc. bnt rrit11011t reslmnsihility on the part of the Fahibition Esrcotive 

or any of itr oflicialh -MI churp for trimslmn to tlw Exhibition pun& must be borne 1~ the - 

rshit~itor. The tntal charge for manxlun from the ahili* dings. L-yttelton. to the Exhibition pun&-. 

incll~ding \\-hurf;~ge, railap. miring. nncl deliverins. rill not esceed 8s. (id pr ton on ordina~ry :dr. 

char@ on the same hilais a* the freight. Henry lifts will lw transported nt sl~eiul rates. 

Exhibitors. in fitting 1111 their %%ancb. mnbt o:oml~ly with tlrc ordeb IIU~ re~dations of th~. C'hrist 

cl~rlrch ('ity C:o~tncil or other local anthorit> 

SIGS~ARL~. 

Sune-bods. show-mdi. ~bkta. or the like. or any prt thereof, will not be allowed to be of 

greater lenmh than th frontage of space allotted tn the exhibitor. nor w be placed at I greater he+t 

than 1 ft. fmn~ the top of kt~U (exoeptinp onlv in special psitione where perminsion in arritinp has 

bm kit obtained), nor in an^ wa? to intede~ with or be a nr~iv~noe to other exhibitors. Thc 

decision of the Execntiw in thi respect shau be final Rlul binding. -.

mben to the floor is n-, no nails, but aasrs anly, msy be wed, and exhibitam 

of t.ating up the floor, or m any way altering tbe struotan, must obtain the neeasq perfrom, 

and comply with the m t s of, the Executive, and must employ the Exhibition 

workmen. Eshibitms are respnsibk md most pay for all damage =used by their erhibitiug. 

RKSIOVAL or Emmms. 

so exhibitor dl be permitted to remove his exhibit until the close of the Exhibiion, and not 

then without the consent in writing of the Executive being preriousl~ obtained, and nntil all charges 

due are paid The Exhibition Executive shall have a lien u p all goods exhibited for any moneys 

due by exhibitors, and shall be entitled to di such lien by sale, public or prirate, or by forfeiture. 

X~K-OBSTBU~~~OX or GLTQWAPS 

Gangways must at all times be kept clear and free, and fully available for passage. 

ISV~TATIOX !I!ICERS 

Eshibitors will be entitled to inritation dmhion-tickets, available for any dar, for the purl)(y*)(~* 

of inviting their customerr to vieit the Exhibition and rim their exhibits- Such tiabts will be 

supplied at sprcial rates and under eeruin aditions determined lg the Executive. 

Even- article exhibited rill be at the rw,k risk cmd responsibility of the exhibitor, but every 

l-ritioh and care will be taken the Executive for the plevention of or damage to any exhibit 

or exhibits Exhibitors are mmmended to insure theu exhibits againa? fire. In the event of the 

build- being cmnnrailable in consequence of firp or other agencies orer which the Executive have 

no control, all contracts are null and void from the date of such orcumence. 

So pamiaglar lmition wn Iw guaranteed. but the Executive will tlldeavulir to nieet tlr m-kher 

of exhibitors in respect thereto as f u 3 ldble. Spaam ~lected will be :dlotted imnlew ~~reviouaiy 

let, or rmks tbe exhibit is imnsnitabk for svcb position. 

Exhibitors reqtmiring plants or shrubs for adorning theiu stands mar obtain the same for a modenate 

fee on alq~lication to the mauilpment, who reserve to themael\-es the right to alpply or withhold 

the SIII~I?\' of such article^ 

S~A??u-su~nlUts. 

Each exhibitor must 1hce laominently upon hi position the numkr of his stand. 

Exhibitors shou-ing hearr nlachmery or machinery in motion must only do rw, in special building 

set aside for that purpose. Sotice should be given in writing when engaging space where an exhibit 

IS likely to be nf exception all^ heav character. -U1 risk in connection therewith must be taken by 

exhibitors. 

1hsF-U~ OF ExmEarm. 

ere^ eshibit must be olen to the public view from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. on all the days the Exhibition 

is open to the peblic : and in the event of anr exhibitor failing to complr with this nlk the 

Executive are herebv authorised and empowered to remove any covering and expose the exhibit. at 

the risk and cost of the exhibitor, who shall, in addii be liable for El0 pr day as liquidam1 

dam- 

KAKBD LIOHTG 

Under no circlmmshncPa must naked lights or dangerous oil-lamps be wed within the buildin- 

All such lamps or lights will be removed by the Exhibition o w 

Speoial mpdations will be made in cases where fin md gas is need by exhibitom and a responsible 

officer d be appointed to oarry out the injunctions of the Executive in this reapeat. A deposit mill 

he requid in all cnseri where gas or electricity is required.


Xo explosives or my substance which, inrthe-wdgme& of the Exeautive, is dangerous, will be 

admitted, but may he repcesmted by models. . -. 

Spirits. oils, corrosive suhstames. and generally SU* which might spoil other dies 

or inconve~ence the public, and any other articles, which, in the opinion of the Executive, .re obi* 

tionarbIe, can only be permitted to be esbibited in solid and suitable vessels. 

CATA~G~= 

The Executive reserve to itself the & right of compiling and printing a catalogue of exhibits, 

tcuder regulations whioh will be duly notified 

U1 who become exhibitors shall be held by RO doing to signify their compliance, and -y 

to subseribe to the whole of these regulations, together with such other regulations as the Executive 

may issue from time to time. 

SPACE. 

Al>pIicntiona for space may be lodged with the Agent-General for ,Vea Zealnnd, Weetmiaster 

Chnmbers, 13 Victoria Street, London. EC, or with the Secretary, New Zedand International 

Exhibition. Clwistahumh, Sew Zealand, on the ofEoi.1 printed.form attached hereto, and notice of 

allotment (if s p is allotted) will be vmptly mailed to the 8'Ppkmt. 

The latest date for receiving appliiations may be determined earlier if the number of applicatiw 

promise to e d the acaommadation provided. 

C'aa8or ma SPA- 

The ordinary chirp for space will be from %. per square foot, the minimum charge b eii El la. 

-95 per cent. payable on application. 2.5 per oent. on allotment, and the balance one month before 

the olmingdqte of tlte Exhibition. Ed spaces, &a, at Byedal rates. 

Wg*1 ATE VIEW. 

Press pritate \-iew will take place. if desired on the day before the opening. when it is rec~uested 

t.lect ~rlllibit0~ wiU be p-t to supply full part kc^ and so help the memhers of the Press. 

Exhibitom occupying stands with two or more frontages must arrange their exhibits on each 

frontage- iilnd :iny bitre wd~vork and backs of rignhd*. kc., must be covered. 

~J-OACIZXC. 

-411 cam tttust be t~~tptcked on arrival, and emptie~ rc~rtoted itt the cxlubitor's expense to tb s1mce ~mvided by the Executive. 

hrOT%lCBAPEUc &~tlzs. 

30 articles or buildings may be phobgmphed, drawn, copied, or reproduced without the permis- 

sion of the Executive. 

AD\-BBTISBUE~~TS ASD HAIDBILLS 

Exhil>itors will a13t iK illlowed to exhibit advertisement* in my pnrt of the Eshibition, or to give 

away or ciluse to Ix girm awtcy itny Ikcndbills, &., except at their own respective st~mds. 

R~uu~anors FOR STLYDS LXD SEL~O. 

Exhibitors must liet.11 their exhibits and stands in good order and we11 displayed during the 

I~ours of tlte Exhibition Wig op. Eshibitom shill be permitted to have attendants, and m ~h 

;~ttendcmts may take orders. but shn11 not be permitted to mnov the publicjor other exhibiton, by 

solicitittions : and nny exhibitor or assistant baking tbme rules may be expelled by the Executive, 

and not allowed to resnter the Exhibition without the written -on of the Executive. 

Those desirous of give away samples or sing samples must. have the written m w n of the 

( 'ns%oms Department. nnd adhere to its nab, a d such permission must be indomed by the Erecntive. 

The Executive may, without giving any rwrson for doing so, remove any person m p e a ding 

improperly or annoying the publio, and may prevent my suah person or FIIS from again en*g 

the grpun&. 

Special tcrnls nnd co~lditiou?; tor rctitiling cam bc made with the Esecutive-

Po- TO lhm h~rmosa RUL~LS 

Should anr question arise not pvided foz in the above mles, rrgnlatians, and conditions, the 

d-on of the" Exmutive shall be iind !J!k right to alter, amend, add to, or cancel any of t k 

roles, to grant relaxation from them in indiridaal enis reserved to the Executive, who also 

to themselves the right of postponing or abandon@ the Exhibition, provided that dw notice 

be given to all intending exhibitors not later than the 6th Jan-, 1906. If any dbp* or diikence 

ahdl arise betweem any exhibitor, whether a *vate indiridnal, campy, -ration, or Gormment. 

and the Commission for the Exhibition, con- an? mntts or thg m any way connected with 

t h &ides and regulations of the right& duties, or Ilebll~ties of the exhibitors and the Commission 

renpeetireb, under or in connection therewith. or the Eshibition, t h and in ev such case the 

or difF-ce shall be referred to a single arbitrator to be nominated by the& for the 

time being of the (3istchurch Chmber of C'omm- in aceordance with and subject to the prorisionrj 

of the Arbitration Act in force in the Colony of ?Sew Zealand. 

OESERAL JC'DGwG REC;LUTIOX& 

1. JLI* mill IR appointed the (;ommeat in any division, or r p , or departn~emt in 

which a clear majoritr of the exhibitors hare notilied the Superimtendent o A w e 

2. So 1-n sm be eli@ble for appointment as a judge in any class in which he exhibits, ar is 

m~ way connected with an exhibitor. rs agent or othen-ise, ~ r nhe b or the exhibitor with d ~om 

he i+ connected withdram- from the coml~tition. 

3. -4 Lir;t of the jaldges in each class rill br U~I outside the office of the Snperintende~~t 

of Awards. 

4. &ch judge ahdl receive r pas that mill admit him1 to the Exhibition buildings, and r badge 

t,n be worn while he is adjudicnting. 

3 In the rrent of non-attendance of any judge at two n~eetings in succession, or of any judp 

deelini* to act. the $uprint#uleut of Awardx ahPn appoint a substitute 

ci Sotice of the ti- of meeting of the -era1 judges will be posted o~itside the office of the 

Sltlrrintendent of Awards at leaut one day in advance. Exhibitom are mvited to ntkd the judeinp 

in their om classes for the jnlqw of giriry! infom~ntion as to tbei exhibits. If they omit to do 

SO the^ must hnr the conveynlenee of uny u-ant of exlrlanation to tk ju+ regard'ine; any article. 

7. Juw shd have the lmnw to invite the eo-olmtion of judges from other alases, and to 

all in the a ~d of ex* : but such persons shall hare no ~oting-power. 

8. The names of all persons called in to act as er-s shall be recorded bp the judge% and the 

evidence of such expert d1n11 be rttbmitted by the judge to the Snperintendent of Awards, 

9. Jedp may. if they consider it n-wy. mldiride clus~eci into qwcial dirisions, and makc 

i~wnrdz: in each of the suldirisions thus created. 

10. Cbllectire exhibits shall a5 a rule, 1- juclFl as one exhibit. ShoukI, however, an e&bitor 

sn clc-sire. a~ul wlqdx the judge with duv noticc. and the nw-ry informat.ion, his exhibits shall be 

ciiricted and parts judged selm~atrly: but no exhibit to any part or parhi of which an am-& of 

merit may IJC- nircm shall inelig4ble for an am-arc1 a% a collect-ivc exhibit. 

11. Each jnclge shall submit to the Sulwrmtcuclent of Awards a signed report embodGng ~e 

renultti of their examination of exhibits and stating the specific reasons for .which each A d if 

macle. 

11. Thc mprts of juclges shall name the exhibitors who deserve recognition, srwl shall mommend 

whether the arm1 made to them shell be of the first or wwmd class 

13. -In exhibitor may appeal against any a r d made by the judge in his class. Such appeal 

to be lalged with the Superinternlent of Anads within twenty-four hours of the publieation of 

the judpe's awd. and to be accomlmnkl b?- a sum of f2, which ghaU be returned if the appeal k 

mcccs-ful. These payments will fonn a special fund for the remunerating of ex@* called in to gjre 

rriclem to the Superintenclent of ;\wads 

Ih When an exhibitor ha* made out a pitnu jncir case for the re9xSminat.ion of hLr exhibits. 

the Euperinte~wlent of Aranls may onler such examination to be made bc an expert, and u p a 

rel~ort being reccix-nl from such mpcrt the Supcrintmntlent of -%wards may. if he sees fit. alter the 

awanl appealed against. The drvi.sion of the Superintendent of Awards on any question cmnectccl 

with awanls shall be final. 

15. Certificates of merit. in acconlance with the awards made by ju* will be furnishul to 

exhibitore by the Government. In the case of exhibits of special merit, the Government W be at 

1iW.y. on the recommendation of any jud . to award slwial certiiicuteg 

16. If any question shall arise as to t& interpretation of any of these +tiom, the dmof 

such question shall rest sokl~ with the Superintendent of Awuda 

17. The Suprintenclent of Awards shall hare power to amend or add to thew regulation shoukl 

uuc-ity arise.

NEW ZEALAND IXTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 

BALANCE-~~EET, QOTH Jum, 1908. 

Dr. £. s. d. 

To Government sdvmc8% . 81,430 0 0 

Sundry creditors .. . . 17 7 6 

Sospense Awnnt (for costa of 

aotions in progress, h.) . . Y ,891 19 7+ 

-- 

Cr. § s. d. 

By O.sh in hand .. 2,604 5 101 

Ofliae bitnre, &6.' .. 305 1 3 

Rofitnndkashooount .. 81,430 0 0 

PIT LXD L08~ -~XOUNT, NTH Ju~w, 1908. 

Dr. E r. d. ' Cr. 

TO Salaries and a- ~rpem 8.793 12 84 By Spree fees . . . . 

Wagea, gatekeepera md at- W-money .. . . 

bmdants . .. 3,3'i6 3 0 aewontick& .. . Prhtiig. stetionerg, aad d- Selling-rights revenue . vettising .. 7.m 1 2 Sidesbows revenue . ~temps and tel* . . SZl 11 36 Sports-gronnd revenue . Travell~ng expenses and 81- Concert-hell revenue . locnmces . .. '3.048 7 4 Benaes o' th' Barn Bmd re- 

Insurances . .. 4,523 10 5 venue . Interest . . . . . . 727 12 0 Smdry mydliee 'Ad aoi- 

Ganeral expenses.. .. 2.47559 mi~aiom .. .. 

Weat Coast Court expenses 1 .W 18 3 &lanee . . . . Decorative expenses . . 1.244 4 11 

Lighting and power- 

Gs .. 05.OSrilY 8 

Electric 7.659 15 6 

12.745 9 2 

Chqee on exhibite, handling.. 

. .. 8.515 17 :3 

Orehestd expenses . 7.075 15 6 

Band6 sxpe~ww .. .. 1,11316 

Entertainment expenses . 1.632 19 11 

Preparation and - maintenance 

of grounds .. 5,2%0 2 3 

Working-eupeneee, secdod 

lwoPnt8 . .. 7,- 1 11 

Cseh-ragieter rent . 284 6 6 

--money .. .. 1,131 7 3 

Subsidiaa . . .. 1.9% 18 9 

Legal expenses .. . . 165 9 0 

Andit feen . 160 0 0 

Loss on dktii6' .. lUO,%Xl 16 1 

Sospsnse Account (for wta 

of &ions) . . . 9.391 19 74 -- 

MS3.873 12 64 

DOXALD G. Cta~g. Director of Finance. 

13th July, 1908. 

I 

-- 

Eea.339 7 It 484.339 7 14 

A. M. EAMES, 

Audit Inspector. 

13th July, 1908.

WE-S AND ~~ FBOI 2%~ XAY, 1905, TO 3 h JUNE, 1908. 

R6csipts. f 8. d. Ezmikln. f 6. d. 

m m n t dvantxs . . 108,617 7 0 By Refunds to Government . . 27.187 7 0 

Deposits on contracts, &e. .. 3,437 9 0 Ifsin building, &c. .. 67.972 1 3 

@- fpes . . . 24,730 1 G Conart b d . .. 6.4331911 

Admleslons . .. 44,988 9 7 orgal .. . .. 4.14811 0 

Seeaon tickets . .. 8,483 2 6 Artgallery . . .. 5,659 14 6 

Competitors' fees . .. 276 6 7 M.ohinery hall .. . . 16.417 1: 3 

riding .. .. 1.436 0 9 

Home induntries fw .. 117 3 4 WWS~ 

Home industries instuanm Fernery .. . .. 2,567 1 4 

premiums . . . 59 3 1 Lavatories . . .. 3.149 4 0 

Belling-rights comdons . 7 1 4 8 En r ranae pavilions and 

Side-sboll~ royalties .. 5.6% 6 7 bridges . . .. 2,981 13 7 

Concert-hall revenue . . 5.166 16 0 Fencing snd tu&ik . 1.284 13 11 

Arbgallery revenue .. 1.246 l5 G Landing-stages on river .. 145 0 7 

Sundry rents and royaltim . . 974 13 10 Sports-ground construction.. 935 15 7 

Bsnd contest .. 62517 5 band rotunda 70 10 4 

Bemsm o' th' Barn and . . 3.419 10 10 Pmp-tion md ~bnancc 

Spork-ground revenue . . 1.99.2 2 6 mm* . .. 5.00116 7 

Art union . 644 13 2 Tools .. . . .. 190 11 4 

c~mmiesion on pic'thdes 1.m 6 8 FOIUIM .. . . .. 265 0 0 

Children's rest 39 5 0 Bubble fountain . . . . 105 8 10 

Sales commemora& sbmi 886 8 1 Drainage . . . .. 363144 

Seddon JIemorid conaert . . 469 15 3 Model wlliecy . . .. 244 17 11 

Ftealimat~oo propertha . 252 .BSO 18 2 Maori house M O O 

Suspense AOCOUO~ . ~s 14 4 A~V~IWMS, Mines ub'prtm~kt 35 19 1 

Recomricp Decorative expenses .. 1,328 12 5 

Rarlisotion expenses . 516 7 7 Statu y . .. 3.790 6 R 

bilnry-construction .. 462 16 3 F'nrnitumsnd fitti;;@ .. 2.674 5 6 

lhndling exhilu . 1.550 14 4 Refrigerating pld . . 405 16 9 

Advances. Mines Depart- En*-ent of wests . 1 .i39 9 9 

ment . . . . 327 19 1 Con@ - hall. working - a- 

Subsidy . . . .. 45000 pens88 . . . .. 2.859 17 Y 

Bands . . .. 100 0 0 Orahestralaxpennes .. 7.10610 0 ' 

Maori house . . . -50 0 0 Bsnds .. . . .. l.WJ611 0 

lnsnnrnce .. . . -268 10 4 Ar&gllery, working-expenses 4.5% o 5 

0- -. . . 4.245 0 0 Home industrien section . . l.mG Y 4 

bsgsllq working . . 313 5 10 Natural histov motion . 93 1 5 

hlisoellsueous .. - . 1.564 0 5 Photogrsphic nection . . 2516 8 

Technical scienae section . . 100 4 1 

Cesuel exhibits-handlmg. . ti..700 19 2 

mest Coast court . . .. 1.m 14 !I 

Befrigerating plsnt, workingsxpenses 

. . 19.3 19 0 

Sports - ground, working - ex- 

Pen"= . .. 33135 

Fireworks, working-expenses 1.596 3 11 

Bsnd~ contest, working-ap'-="-' 

a - . 825 16 11 

Beas o th' ~atn'&d . . -2.328 14 B 

Prizes competitions .. 1.131 7 3 

Subsidies . . . .. ., -.d18 . ,- 18 9 

Art union . . .. 41017 2 

Purchases pictures . -269 19 2 

Purchsses ommemorative 

stamps .. 146 11 11 

Wages gatekeep& ' md G 

a tendrrnr~ . . .. 3.376 3 0 

, Children's reat . . . . 79 17 1 

Snpewis~on side shows . . 138 3 0 

krnl orsh registers . . 627 14 9 

Fire-prevention . . .. 9,704 3 1 

Salaries and office expenses 9.500 0 -- q -- 

Carried forward . . 251.995 9 01 Carried forward . 2Oi.880 0


~~carprs md Ex~m~marr, &e.--continued. 

~ ~ ~ n &! t s. i d. n ~ Expmdifwe-continued. , d. 

Bronght forward . 951,995 9 04 Brought forward . 807,880 0 :36 

stmmp, tel-, csbles .. 846 3 g 

TnvWg axpsnssa aud allow8noea 

2,098 9 0 

Rinting, dm~.e, ma et;: . 

tion- . 8,170 16 5 

h ~ ~ o5re1 e and' , woideni 4,554 l3 8 

Interest .. . . 727 El 0 

Lighting and powe; gpe . 5,831 7 11 

dwtcia 7,681 15 6 

Gendsxpeneae .. .. 2,630 13 2 

V 165 9 0 

Tnstmcnts of imi- wits 

Tregenr~ .. 367 5 6 

Maon ~emoria~ &ncert .. 165 7 9 

8- Acwont . . . 3014 6 

!J!MmlfayBoard .. .. 433 Pll 

Ihtnnds- 

DeP-ib. . 8,873 6 8 

Sslline nghb -- 264 10 8 

Season tkketa .. . 7 4 0 

Aamissions .. . . 151 10 8 

.. la187 

zzk.,tw f& .. 59 17 1 

Barliecrtion .. . . 243 10 6 

BfJ8lhtionexpenee4s .. 4,296 010 

Andit fees .. 16000 

ca&i~hrrndd&k .. 2,604 5104 -- 

S951,W 9 O& 

DONALD G. CLUK, Director of Finsnce. 

13th July, 1908. 

A. M. Ems, Audit Inspector. 

13th July, 1908. 

- - 

By Authority : Jam J~~CKAY. Government Printer. Wellington.-1910.

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