prevention and control of spontaneous combustion - Mining and

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Water cannon – Water cannons are used to direct a high pressure water jet over hot coal to improve visibility for the machine operators and to cool the material prior to loading. Figure 19: Spraying of hot coal using a water cannon before loading coal into the trucks Figure 20: Reducing dust and haze caused by hot material 61
Water gas – Water gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, both highly flammable, and is produced in a reaction between hot carbon and water. The chemical equation for this is: C + H2O = CO + H2. It is highly explosive over a wide range of concentrations (4% to 74%). 62
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PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SPONTANEO
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The guidelines have also built upon
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Case study 3 (ATCOM Colliery) .....
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How to use the best practice guidel
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temperature is raised and, accordin
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on a complex relationship of a rang
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combustion. Examples of commonly us
Page 15 and 16: Other gases, all of which are flamm
Page 17 and 18: ank of coal, (3) weathering, (4) mo
Page 19 and 20: literature but probably the most im
Page 21 and 22: In addition to heatings during mini
Page 23 and 24: • Mono-valents such as sodium chl
Page 25 and 26: Approximately 87% of the sand is re
Page 27 and 28: • Burning spoils • General prob
Page 29 and 30: Control of spontaneous combustion a
Page 31 and 32: • The use of a pre-split blasting
Page 33 and 34: Control of spontaneous combustion a
Page 35 and 36: within the time taken for spontaneo
Page 37 and 38: Appendix 1 ATCOM Colliery Hot Hole
Page 39 and 40: • The survey department will desi
Page 41 and 42: Hot hole area preparation • Areas
Page 43 and 44: DRILL RIG BIT SIZE Revision Date: S
Page 45 and 46: DATE : ………………………
Page 47 and 48: BLAST TYPE: PRESPLIT PARTING OVERBU
Page 49 and 50: FROM : BLASTING SUPERVISOR TO : MAG
Page 51: Appendix 2 Kleinkopje Colliery Spon
Page 54 and 55: All of the mines experiencing serio
Page 56 and 57: During the top coal removal, the in
Page 58 and 59: etween the pillars, are drilled 0.5
Page 60 and 61: When buffer blasting is not practic
Page 62 and 63: Appendix 4 Definitions 57
Page 64 and 65: Cladding - Covering of the highwall
Page 68 and 69: Appendix 5 COALTECH 2020 A literatu
Page 70 and 71: Table of contents Preface .........
Page 72 and 73: 1 Introduction Spontaneous combusti
Page 74 and 75: Pyrites The oxidation of pyrites ha
Page 76 and 77: Exogenous factors 5 Temperature in
Page 78 and 79: of extraction, in that the producti
Page 80 and 81: They also identified the factors fo
Page 82 and 83: Initially the coal sample and vesse
Page 84 and 85: Gouws and Wade 27 found with their
Page 86 and 87: Figure 3.1.2: ESSH expert system ar
Page 88 and 89: and larger meet this criterion. How
Page 90 and 91: • The base should be reasonably l
Page 92 and 93: gases at different stages during th
Page 94 and 95: on remote sensing by ITC. Two case
Page 96 and 97: 3) SPOT Band 3 and TM Bands 5 and 7
Page 98 and 99: 6 Control of spontaneous combustion
Page 100 and 101: Liquid phase: Cools by conduction a
Page 102 and 103: 6.1.2.3 Biotechnological methods In
Page 104 and 105: Accessing hot spots is usually a pr
Page 106 and 107: 17 Guney, M., Equilibrium Humiditie
Page 108 and 109: 48 Anonymous 1, Biological Oxidatio
Page 110 and 111: 27. Bardocz V, A New Hypothesis Con
Page 112 and 113: 59. Chakravorty R N, Kolada R J, Pr
Page 114 and 115: 89. Drakeley T J, The Liberation of
Page 116 and 117:
120.Gill F S, Browning E J, Spontan
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149.Haldane J S, Makgill R H, The S
Page 120 and 121:
179.Kim AG, Laboratory Determinatio
Page 122 and 123:
208.Singh R N, Denby B, Ren T X, A
Page 124 and 125:
236.Francart W J, Beiter D A, Barom
Page 126 and 127:
266.Gaofeng K, Environmental Monito
Page 128 and 129:
290.Langer G, Hermulheim W, Bresser
Page 130 and 131:
Premature detonations and blasting
Page 132 and 133:
Samples of minerals for testing mus
Page 134:
isks. There are numerous publicatio
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