Study on farm grain storage in China - SPIRU Local Index Page
Study on farm grain storage in China - SPIRU Local Index Page
Study on farm grain storage in China - SPIRU Local Index Page
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
PS1-5 – 6225<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Study</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a<br />
L. Shengb<strong>in</strong> 1<br />
Abstract<br />
In Ch<strong>in</strong>a, <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> cover about 60<br />
percent of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> yield. While, the <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss of <strong>farm</strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> was serious result<strong>in</strong>g from bad <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> there. The <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> was<br />
about 5 %. This paper particularly <strong>in</strong>troduced a<br />
series of work for reducti<strong>on</strong> of loss of stored <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong>s,<br />
which was carried out by some science and<br />
technology research <strong>in</strong>stitutes organized by State<br />
Gra<strong>in</strong> Adm<strong>in</strong>istrati<strong>on</strong>, just like Chengdu Gra<strong>in</strong><br />
Storage Research Institute from 2004, and also<br />
<strong>in</strong>troduced the fruits obta<strong>in</strong>ed already <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g 10<br />
sorts of new <strong>storage</strong> facilities exploited for <strong>farm</strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> of different cereal varieties such as paddy,<br />
wheat and corn <strong>in</strong> different areas of Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />
Meanwhile, the paper <strong>in</strong>troduced the technique<br />
rec<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> measures for present <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> b<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
countryside, pesticide fit to prevent from <strong>in</strong>sects<br />
c<strong>on</strong>tam<strong>in</strong>ant <strong>in</strong> countryside <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> and<br />
c<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> of technology dem<strong>on</strong>strati<strong>on</strong> district <strong>in</strong><br />
11 prov<strong>in</strong>ces, also stated the ma<strong>in</strong> model and status<br />
of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />
Key words: study, <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong>, <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss.<br />
Situati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
Ch<strong>in</strong>ese government have <strong>in</strong>vested great fund to<br />
establish some state <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> depot with <strong>in</strong>ternati<strong>on</strong>al<br />
47<br />
Stored Gra<strong>in</strong> Losses<br />
1 No.95 Huangpaifang Street, Chengdu Gra<strong>in</strong> Storage Research Institute, Chengdu, P.R Ch<strong>in</strong>a 610031, E-mail:<br />
lanshengb<strong>in</strong>@163.com<br />
advanced level s<strong>in</strong>ce 1998. Some technology <strong>on</strong><br />
<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> m<strong>on</strong>itor<strong>in</strong>g, circumfluence ventilati<strong>on</strong>, cereal<br />
cool<strong>in</strong>g and mach<strong>in</strong>e ventilati<strong>on</strong> have been extended<br />
and applied widely. Meanwhile, low temperature<br />
<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> and CO2 c<strong>on</strong>trolled atmosphere <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> also make great progress. Now green<br />
<strong>storage</strong> techniques with Ch<strong>in</strong>ese unique characters<br />
are develop<strong>in</strong>g, and <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss had been c<strong>on</strong>trolled<br />
less than 0.2 %. On the other hand, there are 0.24<br />
billi<strong>on</strong> <strong>farm</strong>er families <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>ese countryside, and<br />
<strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> cover 60 percent of total <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
yield <strong>in</strong> whole country. S<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>storage</strong> of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
countryside is dispersive and poor <strong>in</strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>, <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss, ma<strong>in</strong>ly damaged by rodent, is<br />
relatively serious with 8 % <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss rate. Rodent<br />
damage <strong>in</strong> North of Ch<strong>in</strong>a is heavier than South,<br />
while <strong>in</strong>sect <strong>in</strong> South areas is heavier than North<br />
areas.<br />
In Ch<strong>in</strong>a, <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong>s are ma<strong>in</strong>ly produced <strong>in</strong> 3 pla<strong>in</strong>s<br />
such as northeast pla<strong>in</strong>, pla<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> north of Ch<strong>in</strong>a and<br />
pla<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> middle & lower reaches of Yangtse river.<br />
North-east pla<strong>in</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ly produce corn, and corn<br />
<strong>storage</strong> is priority of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong>. Pla<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> north of<br />
Ch<strong>in</strong>a ma<strong>in</strong>ly produce wheat, wheat <strong>storage</strong> is<br />
priority of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong>. The pla<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> middle & lower<br />
reaches of Yangtse river ma<strong>in</strong>ly produce paddy, and<br />
take paddy <strong>storage</strong> as priority of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong>.<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to the ecological c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong>, Ch<strong>in</strong>a can be divided <strong>in</strong>to 7 <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
ecology areas showed <strong>in</strong> Figure 1.
9 th Internati<strong>on</strong>al Work<strong>in</strong>g C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong> Stored Product Protecti<strong>on</strong><br />
Figure 1. The map of Ch<strong>in</strong>a <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> areas.<br />
Notes:<br />
1 Q<strong>in</strong>ghai-Tibet frigid and dry <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong> ecology areas 2. M<strong>on</strong>golia-X<strong>in</strong>jiang dry and cold <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong> ecology<br />
areas 3. North-east cold and wet <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong> ecology areas 4. North of Ch<strong>in</strong>a dry and hot <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong> ecology areas<br />
5. East of Ch<strong>in</strong>a hot and wet <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong> ecology areas 6. South-west mesotherm and low humidity <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong><br />
ecology areas 7. South of Ch<strong>in</strong>a highly hot and highly wet <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong> areas.<br />
Achievements of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> of<br />
<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce 1995, some granaries for <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> have<br />
been built <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a under support of FAO, which<br />
have active effect <strong>on</strong> reducti<strong>on</strong> of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss <strong>in</strong> <strong>farm</strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong>. State Gra<strong>in</strong> Adm<strong>in</strong>istrati<strong>on</strong> have organized<br />
5 science and technology units <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Chengdu<br />
Gra<strong>in</strong> Storage Research Institute(CSR) and Henan<br />
University of Technology to make overall study <strong>on</strong><br />
safe <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong>, and have got significant<br />
achievements.<br />
Have developed a series of new equipments<br />
and facilities for <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
Equipments and facilities are major factors<br />
affect<strong>in</strong>g safe <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong>. And then, <strong>in</strong> terms of<br />
<strong>storage</strong> properties of paddy, wheat and corn<br />
comb<strong>in</strong>ed with weather characters of different areas<br />
48<br />
and <strong>storage</strong> traditi<strong>on</strong>, experts have developed a<br />
series of new equipments and facilities for <strong>farm</strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> and already distributed widely. These<br />
facilities <strong>in</strong>cluded:<br />
(a) Metal silo( showed <strong>in</strong> Figure 2)<br />
This silo has some advantages. It take up small<br />
area, easily <strong>in</strong>stall<strong>in</strong>g, have beautiful appearance and<br />
is able to prevent from the damage of rodents,<br />
<strong>in</strong>sects and molds efficiently.<br />
Metal silo is made from galvanizati<strong>on</strong> armor plate<br />
or color steel plate with 0.5mm thickness. The<br />
diameter and height of layer can been added or<br />
reduced accord<strong>in</strong>g to the different demand. The<br />
metal silo can been rotated by 180 angle and its<br />
upper, middle and lower layers can been folded to<br />
0.6m height when it is not <strong>in</strong> use( showed as Figure<br />
2). Meanwhile, the folded silo can store other goods,<br />
not <strong>on</strong>ly save space to maximum degree but also<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease the usage efficiency of facilities.
Figure 2. Metal silo.<br />
(b) Airtight b<strong>in</strong> with double PVC surface<br />
(showed <strong>in</strong> Figure 3)<br />
Airtight b<strong>in</strong> with double PVC surface (AB-<br />
DPVC) is able to been folded, c<strong>on</strong>venient to use,<br />
well moistureproof and air-proof, it has properties<br />
to prevent from <strong>in</strong>sect pest. ABD-PVC has been<br />
Figure 3. Airtight b<strong>in</strong> with double PVC surface. Figure 4. C<strong>on</strong>crete b<strong>in</strong>.<br />
49<br />
Stored Gra<strong>in</strong> Losses<br />
outfitted special open<strong>in</strong>gs to take <strong>in</strong> and take out<br />
<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong>s, meanwhile ensur<strong>in</strong>g air-tightness. In additi<strong>on</strong>,<br />
the empty b<strong>in</strong> is easy to kept.<br />
This k<strong>in</strong>d b<strong>in</strong> has 1,000 ~ 1,500 kg capacity, is<br />
especially fit to store wheat, but is relatively poor to<br />
prevent from rodents.<br />
(c) Under-ground b<strong>in</strong><br />
Under-ground b<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>clude <strong>in</strong>side b<strong>in</strong> and outside<br />
b<strong>in</strong>. Storage of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> with under-ground b<strong>in</strong> is a sort<br />
of ideal method, is able to keep <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> quality stable<br />
and also prevent from <strong>in</strong>sects and rodents. What’s<br />
more, it is low cost c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong>, never cover space,<br />
so is easy to been accepted by <strong>farm</strong>ers. In underground<br />
b<strong>in</strong> for <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> with little capacity,<br />
pack<strong>in</strong>g <strong>storage</strong> is proper because of c<strong>on</strong>venience<br />
of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> c<strong>on</strong>vey. Under-ground b<strong>in</strong> outside need to<br />
add moistureproof layer around b<strong>in</strong>, <strong>in</strong>crease height<br />
of open<strong>in</strong>gs and use plastic film l<strong>in</strong>er to <strong>in</strong>sure dryness<br />
of b<strong>in</strong> and good dra<strong>in</strong> around. There is regi<strong>on</strong> restrict<br />
to build under-ground b<strong>in</strong>, it is fit to been built <strong>in</strong><br />
areas with low water level. The pla<strong>in</strong> of north of<br />
Ch<strong>in</strong>a posses c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> to build under-ground b<strong>in</strong>.<br />
(d) C<strong>on</strong>crete b<strong>in</strong>( showed <strong>in</strong> Figure 4)<br />
This k<strong>in</strong>d of b<strong>in</strong> has been designed referenc<strong>in</strong>g
9 th Internati<strong>on</strong>al Work<strong>in</strong>g C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong> Stored Product Protecti<strong>on</strong><br />
the requirements of state depot build<strong>in</strong>g, can been<br />
built near to 3 walls, also 2 walls or <strong>on</strong>ly 1 wall. The<br />
length, width and height can been c<strong>on</strong>firmed<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>g to specific c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s and demand. The<br />
door of b<strong>in</strong> has been designed double layers, and<br />
the doorframe and door outside has been wrapped<br />
with sheet alum<strong>in</strong>um to prevent rodents. Bottom of<br />
b<strong>in</strong> has 10-20 cm distance from ground, comb<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
with c<strong>on</strong>crete plate( 1.0m length, 0.5m width and<br />
0.05 m thickness) above bricks, and treated with<br />
dampproof felt, f<strong>in</strong>ally laid with c<strong>on</strong>crete. For the<br />
side near to wall, pitch should be used to cast a<br />
layer there, besides, felt can be used to proof water<br />
before build<strong>in</strong>g with bricks.<br />
New c<strong>on</strong>crete b<strong>in</strong> is firm and bearable,<br />
corresp<strong>on</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g with house as well as prevent from<br />
rats, <strong>in</strong>sects, proof moisture. It has 9-13 m 3 volume<br />
and 3,000-6,000 kg capacity.<br />
(e) B<strong>in</strong> under stair (showed <strong>in</strong> Figure 5)<br />
B<strong>in</strong> under stair( BS) is a k<strong>in</strong>d of simple <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> silo<br />
by mak<strong>in</strong>g use of space under stair, uses steps as<br />
b<strong>in</strong> roof to form a right-angled c<strong>on</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>er. The BS<br />
has capacity range from 2,000 kg to 4,000 kg. BS<br />
make good use of space of house, corresp<strong>on</strong>d with<br />
house, is a ec<strong>on</strong>omics and efficient style for <strong>farm</strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> with good effect <strong>on</strong> prevent<strong>in</strong>g from rodents<br />
Figure 5. B<strong>in</strong> under stair. Figure 6. Steel net b<strong>in</strong>.<br />
50<br />
and moisture. This k<strong>in</strong>d of b<strong>in</strong> is suggested to been<br />
design when build<strong>in</strong>g house.<br />
(f) Steel net b<strong>in</strong>(showed <strong>in</strong> Figure 6)<br />
Steel net b<strong>in</strong> posses functi<strong>on</strong> of natural aerati<strong>on</strong><br />
dry<strong>in</strong>g, is especially fit to corn <strong>storage</strong>, meet to two<br />
functi<strong>on</strong>s of fr<strong>in</strong>ge <strong>storage</strong> and whole kernel <strong>storage</strong>.<br />
In positi<strong>on</strong> that corn is susceptible to molds, there<br />
are vertical and circle horiz<strong>on</strong>tal ventilati<strong>on</strong> pipes<br />
<strong>in</strong>stalled for natural ventilati<strong>on</strong> as well as mach<strong>in</strong>e<br />
ventilati<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong> high temperature reas<strong>on</strong>. The equipment<br />
is surrounded by metal net with 6 x 6 mm aperture,<br />
and the top and bottom of b<strong>in</strong> are enclosed by metal<br />
net with 3 x 3 mm aperture, then the problem of<br />
rodent damage has been resolved.<br />
(g) Ventilati<strong>on</strong> dry<strong>in</strong>g silo made from<br />
prefabricated straw board<br />
This k<strong>in</strong>d of silo is of 2 m height, 2 m diameter, 5<br />
t capacity for corn (Figure 7). The silo body is jo<strong>in</strong>ted<br />
with 6 piece of prefabricated straw board by size of<br />
1 x 2 m. There are galvanizati<strong>on</strong> sheet ir<strong>on</strong> as cover<br />
above and air-duct<strong>in</strong>g <strong>on</strong> ground outfitt<strong>in</strong>g 1 kW<br />
fan <strong>in</strong> bottom of silo. The characters of this silo are<br />
good temperature preservati<strong>on</strong> and tightness. This<br />
k<strong>in</strong>d of silo is suitable to <strong>storage</strong> and dry<strong>in</strong>g of paddy<br />
and corn with low moisture c<strong>on</strong>tent, and meet to<br />
functi<strong>on</strong>s of <strong>storage</strong> as well as dry<strong>in</strong>g.
Figure 7. Ventilati<strong>on</strong> dry<strong>in</strong>g silo made from<br />
prefabricated straw board.<br />
Have developed special pesticides for <strong>farm</strong><br />
<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
Insects is another major factor lead to <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> loss<br />
of <strong>storage</strong>. S<strong>in</strong>ce the b<strong>in</strong> of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> are generally<br />
<strong>in</strong> house, preventi<strong>on</strong> of <strong>in</strong>sects are more difficult than<br />
that of state depot. In Ch<strong>in</strong>a, state depots comm<strong>on</strong>ly<br />
use Alum<strong>in</strong>ium Phosphate fumigati<strong>on</strong> to prevent from<br />
<strong>in</strong>sects, while this method is not fit to <strong>farm</strong>ers due to<br />
they are liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> house. At the base of<br />
Microencapsulati<strong>on</strong> Technology, Chengdu Gra<strong>in</strong><br />
Storage Research Institute has developed Bao Liang<br />
L<strong>in</strong> (a k<strong>in</strong>d of special pesticide for <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong>, its<br />
comp<strong>on</strong>ents are Fenitrothior and Deltomathr<strong>in</strong>). This<br />
k<strong>in</strong>d of pesticide made the period of validity last<br />
to 2 years by adopt<strong>in</strong>g c<strong>on</strong>trolled release<br />
microencapsulati<strong>on</strong> technology. It has wide and<br />
significant functi<strong>on</strong> for kill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>sects, is safe and<br />
c<strong>on</strong>venient to use, needn’t airproof or other special<br />
safeguard. It need to be mixed with raw cereals not<br />
cereal product by the ratio 1:2,500 to come to 4<br />
ppm c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
51<br />
Stored Gra<strong>in</strong> Losses<br />
Have developed INTERNET editi<strong>on</strong><br />
professi<strong>on</strong>al <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong><br />
system , provide c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> service for<br />
<strong>farm</strong>ers<br />
In order to establish c<strong>on</strong>venient path for<br />
knowledge dissem<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong>, the<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternet editi<strong>on</strong> professi<strong>on</strong>al <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> system( PFGSCS) has been<br />
developed, which reached the goal to run the<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> system <strong>in</strong> www.<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>storage</strong>.net and to<br />
search <strong>in</strong>formati<strong>on</strong> by free. PFGSCS <strong>in</strong>clude 8 parts<br />
such as c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>storage</strong> equipments, sense<br />
<strong>in</strong>specti<strong>on</strong> of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> quality, c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
approach, c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> of feed <strong>storage</strong> approach,<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>in</strong>sects identificati<strong>on</strong>, c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> of<br />
<strong>in</strong>sects c<strong>on</strong>trol, c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> of rodent identificati<strong>on</strong>,<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong> of rodent c<strong>on</strong>trol, <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g identificati<strong>on</strong><br />
and c<strong>on</strong>trol of ma<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>sect, moth, mite and rodent <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong>. S<strong>in</strong>ce PFGSCS started to run <strong>in</strong><br />
June 2005, there have been 65,000 pers<strong>on</strong>s browse<br />
<strong>in</strong> website by now. PFGSCS is expected to play a<br />
more and more important role <strong>in</strong> dissem<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> of<br />
knowledge of scientific <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong>.<br />
Have held variety of technology distributi<strong>on</strong><br />
activities<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce 2005, there have been a series of books,<br />
TV, DVD etc. dissem<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g materials. Some<br />
books,‘ paddy safe <strong>storage</strong> technology’, ‘wheat safe<br />
<strong>storage</strong> technology’ and ‘corn safe <strong>storage</strong><br />
technology’ are all good examples. In order to extend<br />
the technology of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> as so<strong>on</strong> as<br />
possible, the dem<strong>on</strong>strati<strong>on</strong> areas had been set <strong>in</strong><br />
11 prov<strong>in</strong>ces of 3 large pla<strong>in</strong>s, 3,644 dem<strong>on</strong>strati<strong>on</strong><br />
families had been set, 1.2 milli<strong>on</strong> set of materials<br />
had also been sent to <strong>farm</strong>ers by free, 0.4 milli<strong>on</strong><br />
bag of preservative had been sent to <strong>farm</strong>ers, and<br />
166 thousand of <strong>farm</strong>ers had been tra<strong>in</strong>ed about<br />
<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> technique. In May 2006, State Gra<strong>in</strong><br />
Adm<strong>in</strong>istrati<strong>on</strong> held ‘2006 activities week of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
science and technology’, held 13 set of propaganda<br />
activities <strong>on</strong> science and technology of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> <strong>in</strong> 11 ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong>-produc<strong>in</strong>g prov<strong>in</strong>ces of<br />
Ch<strong>in</strong>a, tra<strong>in</strong>ed 26 thousand of <strong>farm</strong>er families. These<br />
series of work has greatly promoted the
9 th Internati<strong>on</strong>al Work<strong>in</strong>g C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong> Stored Product Protecti<strong>on</strong><br />
dissem<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> and spread of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong><br />
technology.<br />
Development trend of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a<br />
Applicati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> technology must<br />
adjust measures to local c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s. It’s needed to<br />
c<strong>on</strong>siderate the design of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> b<strong>in</strong> when build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
house, to blend the <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> silo c<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong>to the<br />
whole design of house layout, or to promote<br />
applicati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>storage</strong> equipment flexibly outfitted.<br />
52<br />
While, <strong>farm</strong> <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> should <strong>on</strong>ly aim at <strong>storage</strong><br />
of <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong>s for own family c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> because of<br />
facilities limit of c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> and <strong>storage</strong> technology<br />
etc.. The residue <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong>s of family’s should been sent<br />
to special <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> enterprises to store, which<br />
can reduce the cost of <strong>storage</strong> greatly.<br />
It’s perhaps the directi<strong>on</strong> accord with the<br />
development of future <strong>farm</strong> <strong>storage</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a to<br />
establish some <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> accept<strong>in</strong>g storehouse for <strong>farm</strong><br />
<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>storage</strong> and to adopt the ‘<strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong> bank’ model.<br />
At present, there have been some special <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong><br />
<strong>storage</strong> enterprises especially stor<strong>in</strong>g residue <strong>gra<strong>in</strong></strong>s<br />
for <strong>farm</strong>ers.