Chemical Industry Brochure - GEA Westfalia Separator
Chemical Industry Brochure - GEA Westfalia Separator
Chemical Industry Brochure - GEA Westfalia Separator
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Liquids to Value<br />
<strong>Chemical</strong> <strong>Industry</strong><br />
Components, systems and installations<br />
from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
<strong>GEA</strong> Mechanical Equipment / <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Efficiency and Safety Bonded Together<br />
Mechanical separating solutions for the chemical industry.<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> supports the chemical<br />
industry with high-performance and reliable<br />
process lines in a broad range of processes.<br />
Our modern civilization is not conceivable<br />
without chemicals. Whether synthetics, paints<br />
or lacquers, oil additives or food additives,<br />
chemicals rule the world. There is practically<br />
no area of life that is not impacted by the<br />
groundbreaking developments of the chemical<br />
industry. However, the road to the final product<br />
is long. Complex processes are required to<br />
recover the substances in the organic, inorganic<br />
and petrochemical industries. A recurring<br />
task in these processes is the mechanical<br />
separation of substances and phases. <strong>GEA</strong><br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has already been<br />
supporting the chemical industry for decades.<br />
Our process lines work with separators and<br />
decanters and also with ceramic membrane<br />
filtration. The systems we develop with our<br />
partners produce high quality products in a<br />
cost-effective, safe, and environmentally<br />
conscious manner.<br />
Safety is a priority in the chemical industry.<br />
Concentrated acids, high pressures and explosive<br />
substances are part of everyday production.<br />
Our separators and decanters are capable of<br />
handling the safety risks involved. For lining<br />
the solid-wall bowls, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
uses corrosion-resistant special materials such<br />
as Incoloy 825 or titanium palladium.<br />
Depending on the product, temperature and<br />
medium, machines of a gastight and explosionproof<br />
design are in accordance with the new<br />
ATEX 95 (RL 94/9/EC) directive.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Current outstanding innovations of the company<br />
include gastight clarifying and extraction<br />
decanters with optimized machine geometry<br />
and high speeds.<br />
These compact developments combine explosion<br />
protection with a significant increase<br />
in performance. A new feature on these<br />
gastight decanters is the proven <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> ® varipond ® system. This system<br />
enables the pond depth in the decanter to<br />
be adapted optimally while operating,<br />
producing excellent separating results. The<br />
decanter always operates ideally, even if there<br />
are variations in feed concentration.<br />
Technology center for process<br />
engineering strengthens investment<br />
security<br />
Our specialists in the technology center for<br />
process engineering in Oelde, Germany can<br />
run laboratory tests with a customer’s original<br />
product. These specialists determine the<br />
industrial feasibility, are masters of the scale-up<br />
process, and are backed up by a vast knowledge<br />
base. They are able to present customer’s with a<br />
concept for an optimal process design, including<br />
the appropriate machines and components.<br />
Customers can also rent machines for longterm<br />
testing in order to make sound investment<br />
decisions.<br />
We also offer tailor-made service programs via<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® capitalcare. By taking<br />
advantage of this offer, the chemical industry<br />
ensures maximum machine availability and<br />
process efficiency, while at the same time<br />
maintaining absolute budget control.
Security for investments, products<br />
and processes<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> combines separating<br />
technology with innovation to provide security<br />
for investments, products and processes. This<br />
results in high yields from raw materials,<br />
and efficient use of resources as well as the<br />
protection of people and the environment.<br />
Maximum availability is made possible with<br />
regular maintenance.<br />
Benefits include:<br />
All services from a single source<br />
Customer- and application-oriented<br />
engineering support for process<br />
development, designing and installation<br />
with reliable scale-up<br />
Reliable compliance with all agreed<br />
specifications, budgets and delivery<br />
deadlines<br />
Complete assembly and testing of the<br />
installations in the ISO 9001 certified<br />
production facility<br />
On-site assembly of certain installation<br />
types is also possible<br />
Service network operating throughout<br />
the world<br />
These benefits provide every customer with the<br />
necessary security.<br />
Important applications:<br />
Agar agar<br />
Aluminium hydroxide<br />
Amines<br />
Aniline dyes<br />
Ash leaching<br />
Barium sulfate<br />
Black liquor<br />
Cellulose and derivatives<br />
Catalyst separation<br />
Dyes<br />
Ethylenamines<br />
Filter backflush liquid<br />
Fungicides, etc.<br />
Gum arabic<br />
Herbicides<br />
Ink<br />
Insecticides<br />
Lignocellulose<br />
Lyes<br />
Nitro compounds (nitration of aromatic<br />
substances in nitration installations)<br />
Petrochemical additives<br />
Paints<br />
Pentaerithrit<br />
Peroxides<br />
Phosphoric acid<br />
Polyacetates<br />
Polybutadiene, etc.<br />
Polycarbonate<br />
Polymer<br />
Printers' inks, etc.<br />
PTA (purified teraphtalic acid)<br />
Salts<br />
Sodium borohydride<br />
Suspensions with metals, oxides,<br />
hydroxides and catalysts<br />
Tall oil<br />
Viscose, cellulose acetate, etc.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Nitroaromatic Compounds<br />
TNT – entirely safe.<br />
TNT with its almost legendary explosive power<br />
is probably the best known of all nitroaromatic<br />
compound substances. However, it is by no means<br />
the most important. Today, nitration of toluene is<br />
used primarily in the production of polyurethane.<br />
Nitration of benzene results in mononitrobenzene<br />
(MNB), which is the basis of a second key<br />
input product in the chemical industry, namely<br />
aniline. Up to 95 percent of the entire global<br />
production of MNB is used as the primary<br />
material for isocyanates (MDI), pharmaceuticals,<br />
rubber chemicals and most dyes.<br />
Nitroaromatic compounds are obtained in a multistage,<br />
large-scale process. Mononitration takes<br />
place in the first reaction tank, and dinitration<br />
in a second tank. To ensure that the process<br />
proceeds in a controlled manner, a mixture of<br />
highly concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids<br />
is added to the overflow of the corresponding<br />
stages. After nitration in the reaction tanks,<br />
the liquid is pumped to a separator so that the<br />
nitrated aromatic compound can be separated<br />
from the waste acid. After the reaction mixture of<br />
the second nitration stage has been separated, the<br />
dinitro aromatic compounds are pumped to a<br />
multi-stage washing process. This enables a<br />
high degree of purity to be achieved for the<br />
substances. The dinitro aromatic compounds<br />
are then recovered in a drier in the form of a<br />
crystalline substance.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Excellent team right down<br />
to the smallest seal<br />
<strong>Separator</strong>s with a solid-wall bowl design, usually<br />
the TTC series, are normally used to separate the<br />
nitroaromatic compound from the waste acid<br />
after the nitration process and also from water<br />
after washing. The purity of the nitroaromatic<br />
compounds obtained in this way is excellent.<br />
Separation takes place in a very small space,<br />
thereby significantly increasing the safety of<br />
the installation. Chamber-type separators of the<br />
type TKC 100 are successfully used in practical<br />
applications for cleaning the sulfuric acid.<br />
This increases the operating life of the separator<br />
in the nitration stages by up to 100 percent.<br />
Because when sulfuric acid is cleaned this way,<br />
intervals between the cleaning cycles of the<br />
solid-wall bowl machines can be extended.
With its aggressive media, the nitration process<br />
poses extremely stringent demands on the<br />
separator design in the nitration stages. From<br />
the bowl to all other components that come<br />
into contact with the product right through<br />
to the smallest seal, everything has been<br />
consistently designed for this process. The<br />
problem is particularly acute when processing<br />
nitrated toluene or xylene from the waste acid.<br />
Special material (Incoloy 825) is used in virtually<br />
all places where the components come into<br />
contact with the product. With liquid centripetal<br />
pumps for both phases, the separators meet the<br />
requirement for safely discharging both the acid<br />
and the organic phase under pressure.<br />
Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid<br />
Aromatic<br />
H2O<br />
steam<br />
Recovery<br />
station<br />
H2O<br />
steam<br />
≈ 1.8<br />
1 st washing step<br />
Sour water<br />
Clarification of<br />
Fe sulfate from<br />
sulfuric acid<br />
TKC 100-86-576<br />
Exhaused acid to<br />
recovery station<br />
(H2SO4 + H2O + organics)<br />
Condensate<br />
2 nd washing step<br />
Alcaline water<br />
Another popular benefit of the TTC separators<br />
is the location of the discharge drain hole in<br />
the bottom of the bowl. This prevents the<br />
operator or service technician from coming<br />
into contact with the extremely toxic organic<br />
substances. Throughout the world, virtually<br />
all well-known manufacturers of nitro-<br />
aromatic compounds use separators supplied<br />
by <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>. Most of them<br />
have been doing so for many decades.<br />
There are specific reasons why <strong>GEA</strong><br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has continued to be<br />
the main supplier for this application. The<br />
new TTC generation continues our leadership<br />
role by meeting the customers’ need for high<br />
feed capacities, strict installation requirements<br />
and operator safety.<br />
3 rd washing step<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
≈ 1.3<br />
Wash water Caustic soda solution Wash water<br />
Acid for<br />
recirculation<br />
Reactor for<br />
mononitration<br />
TTC 150-01-517<br />
TTC 150-01-517<br />
Wash<br />
water<br />
TTC 150-01-517<br />
Reactor for<br />
dinitration<br />
Dinitrated<br />
aromatic<br />
Condensate<br />
Dryer
Peroxide<br />
The areas of application for peroxide are<br />
extremely varied. Organic peroxides are<br />
used as reactants in the chemical industry.<br />
Hydrogen peroxide is used for the production<br />
of 1) washing agents used in bleaching paper,<br />
cellulose, wood and textiles; 2) as crude product<br />
which will be converted into propylene oxide<br />
for cleaning waste water and drinking water; 3)<br />
in the medical industry as a disinfectant; and<br />
4) for “bleaching” hair. Nowadays, more than<br />
95 percent of the huge quantities of hydrogen<br />
peroxide required for these processes are made<br />
using variations of the anthraquinon process.<br />
This process comprises the four main stages of<br />
hydration, oxidation, washing and concentration.<br />
Within this process, an organic working<br />
solution circulates through the whole process.<br />
The working solution is recovered in a one-<br />
or multi-stage cross-current washing step.<br />
An aqueous phase is added which extracts<br />
impurities from the working solution.<br />
Subsequently, it can be removed from the organic<br />
phase by centrifugal means. Solid-wall bowl<br />
separators with a disc stack are used in this step.<br />
Fresh washing agent<br />
Working<br />
solution<br />
Static mixer<br />
Solid-wall separator<br />
Used<br />
TTC series<br />
washing agent<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
In other process applications, an aqueous phase<br />
is added to extract the impurities from an organic<br />
peroxide. Similarly, solid-wall bowl type<br />
separators with a disc stack are used to<br />
centrifugally separate both phases.<br />
Maximum safety and separating efficiency<br />
Peroxides can decompose even in the absence<br />
of oxygen at low process temperatures. The<br />
separators are accordingly explosion-protected,<br />
and the temperatures at the critical points are per-<br />
manently monitored. The design of the TTC<br />
separators also provides new methods<br />
for further improving separating and<br />
process efficiency. In the majority of the<br />
peroxide processes described above, the<br />
light phase makes up the biggest portion of<br />
the complete flow rate, usually above 90 percent.<br />
Accordingly, the largest part of the separator’s<br />
capacity must be used for purifying the light<br />
phase. This is possible with the TTC series<br />
type of separators which do not restrict other<br />
beneficial features, such as discharge of both<br />
separated phases under pressure.<br />
Static mixer<br />
Solid-wall separator<br />
Used<br />
TTC series<br />
washing agent<br />
Purified working<br />
solution
Xanthane<br />
Numerous positive characteristics mean that the<br />
long-chain polysaccharide xanthane is a product<br />
that can be used universally. In baker’s products,<br />
xanthane is responsible for pore structure, greater<br />
volume and an extended shelf life. It is used in<br />
desserts, chewing gum and ice cream as<br />
well as in dairy and yogurt products or fruit<br />
products to improve the texture. Xanthane<br />
is also frequently found in cosmetic lotions,<br />
creams, shampoos, liquid soap and toothpaste.<br />
It is also used in animal feeds where it binds<br />
water or controls flow properties. It can be<br />
used to thicken emulsions in the oil<br />
drilling industry.<br />
This universal substance is the metabolic product<br />
of a specific type of bacteria. On an industrial scale,<br />
the bacteria are bred in large fermenters, and the<br />
metabolic products produced by the bacteria are<br />
subsequently harvested. This is where <strong>GEA</strong><br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>’s expertise comes into play.<br />
The actual process of recovery downstream of<br />
the fermenter takes place primarily in a 2-stage<br />
process with separators and/or decanters. The<br />
first stage is for clarification and the second<br />
stage, namely the washing stage, is used for<br />
dewatering the xanthane as much as possible.<br />
Minimum shearing forces,<br />
maximum margin<br />
Two factors are particularly important in the<br />
separation process. These factors are the control<br />
of shearing forces and explosion protection.<br />
Shearing forces have a major impact on the<br />
quality of the long-chain saccharide, and thus<br />
on the price of the product.<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> uses a tailor-made<br />
design to ensure gentle product treatment and<br />
high throughput. Decanters of the TCA series<br />
are used for this application. Particular attention<br />
must be paid to explosion proof protection,<br />
as the solvents are alcoholic and pose a danger<br />
of explosion. In this respect, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> has been able to implement<br />
innovations with explosion-protected processes.<br />
One method of protection involves nitrogen<br />
blanketing of the machines. Our experience<br />
ensures maximum safety and maximum<br />
product quality. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has<br />
implemented the requirements specified in the<br />
ATEX guidelines for decanters and separators.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Petrochemical Additives<br />
Good lubrication is necessary for a long life; oil<br />
additives reduce the viscosity of the lubricants<br />
and thus reduce wear and fuel consumption.<br />
Clarifying decanters and clarifying self-cleaning<br />
disc stack separators are used in the production<br />
of petrochemical additives after a precipitation<br />
reaction. This reaction is used to remove<br />
impurities from the carrier liquid, usually an<br />
organic solvent. The previously dissolved and<br />
unwanted components of the petrochemical<br />
additive can then be removed by centrifugal<br />
force.<br />
Depending on the pre-concentration, the<br />
separation process either uses decanters<br />
or separators or, frequently, uses a 2-stage<br />
procedure with decanters and separators.<br />
In general, if the solution has a high solid<br />
content, a decanter is ideal. These machines<br />
are more solids oriented than separators.<br />
If the valuable phase, which is discharged<br />
after the first separation stage, still contains<br />
unwanted suspended solids, the user can install<br />
a polishing separator which removes extremely<br />
fine particles from the decanter overflow.<br />
The clarified liquid phase, with the dissolved<br />
additives, is treated in further processes.<br />
Contaminated oil additive,<br />
obtained from a reaction process<br />
Oil additive<br />
solution + salts<br />
TCA 501<br />
Salts (disposal)<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Meeting safety requirements<br />
With gas-tight, explosion-proof centrifuges<br />
in accordance with ATEX standards, <strong>GEA</strong><br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> guarantees maximum<br />
safety. Centrifuges are optimized so that<br />
they are able to meet the specific conditions<br />
present on every customer’s premises. The<br />
prime focus is not only on the separating<br />
efficiency, but also on sophisticated issues such<br />
as solids transport in the centrifuges. These issues<br />
are indispensable for continuous operation.<br />
Centrifugation tests and the experience of<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> warrants a perfect<br />
configuration for the installation.<br />
TSE series<br />
Oil additive solution<br />
to further treatment<br />
Salts (disposal)
Catalyst Recovery<br />
Catalysts are chemical substances that speed<br />
up the rate of a reaction and do not undergo<br />
any change themselves. They can, therefore,<br />
be recovered and recycled. This is a valuable<br />
property as catalysts such as platinum, cobalt<br />
and manganese are simply too valuable to be<br />
used just once. In addition, the product obtained<br />
with the catalyst has to be extremely pure and<br />
free of heavy metals and any traces of catalyst.<br />
Plus, simply disposing of the catalyst would have<br />
environmental implications.<br />
Centrifugal separation is the most popular<br />
method for recovering catalysts. They can<br />
subsequently be recycled back into the process<br />
improving its cost-effectiveness, quality and<br />
environmental compatibility.<br />
Compact challenge<br />
Very heavy solids often have to be separated<br />
while recovering the catalyst. However, this is<br />
only half of the challenge. Some of the solids<br />
compact so strongly on the wall of the bowl of a<br />
self-cleaning separator that the discharge gap of<br />
the system may shift. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>’s<br />
metering piston mechanism is the right tool for<br />
handling solids that become compacted. In this<br />
case, a complete discharge of the bowl ensures<br />
a high degree of operating reliability.<br />
If higher solid contents are required, decanters<br />
of different sizes are used for obtaining<br />
maximum dewatering and clarification<br />
efficiency. Chamber-type separators, which are<br />
able to polish and concentrate the product at<br />
low feed quantities, are also used. In the newer<br />
generation of chamber-type centrifuges, the<br />
liquid is discharged completely from the drain<br />
holes of the bowl. The valuable catalyst remains<br />
in the chambers and can thus be discharged<br />
manually more easily.<br />
Also, nozzle-type separators especially from the<br />
TDC series are increasingly used for recovering<br />
the catalysts. These provide highest clarifying<br />
results with a defined solid concentration in the<br />
nozzle discharge. The product contacting parts<br />
of the entire machine are available in various<br />
special materials for individual applications,<br />
different design pressures and explosion<br />
protection.<br />
To ensure that every machine operates reliably,<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> uses its vast experience<br />
in conjunction with specific pre-trials, to select<br />
the correct centrifugal system and size.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Dyes, Paints and Inks<br />
Paints are used in metalworking, in machine<br />
and equipment engineering and also in the<br />
automotive, furniture and electrical industries.<br />
The focus is not only on “visual” quality, but<br />
also frequently on corrosion protection and<br />
improving the surface properties. The fact that<br />
there is hardly any surface that does not require<br />
a coating demonstrates the major economic<br />
significance of paints.<br />
Dyes and paints are a liquid phase containing<br />
color particles. What appears to be uncomplicated<br />
at first sight proves to be a genuine challenge<br />
upon closer inspection. This is because particles<br />
with precisely the right size must be used to<br />
achieve the desired color or protective function.<br />
The solution in this case is centrifugal separating<br />
technology, using specific classifying decanters<br />
and separators.<br />
Put the good ones in the pot<br />
In classifying decanters and separators,<br />
the separating conditions are adjusted in<br />
such a way that only the desired particle<br />
size is retained in the end product.<br />
The centrifuge removes all other particles<br />
efficiently.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Particles measuring just a few micrometers<br />
are required in dyes and paints. This means<br />
that high speeds and large clarifying areas are<br />
frequently required. Chamber-type centrifuges,<br />
as well as continually operating self-cleaning<br />
separators with the <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />
hydrostop mechanism, are useful in these<br />
applications.<br />
To guarantee maximum quality, the discharge<br />
system can be controlled with solvent. No<br />
operating water comes into contact with<br />
the end product. If organic solvents<br />
are used in production, it is necessary<br />
to use explosion protected centrifuges<br />
incorporating special fittings and materials.<br />
These machines are equipped with certified<br />
components and the product chamber is gastight.<br />
The product chamber, closing chamber<br />
and gear chamber are blanketed with inert gas<br />
that reduces the concentration of oxygen in the<br />
separator to a non-critical level and keeps it<br />
within safe parameters.
Polyamines and Ethylene Amines<br />
Polyamines<br />
Many people absorb this substance during<br />
their daily food intake. Cheese, beer and yeast<br />
extracts, for instance, contain large quantities<br />
of polyamine compounds. So do the human<br />
intestines. Polyamines are also used industrially.<br />
Polyamines are produced from chloropropylene<br />
oxide and amines. They are primarily used<br />
as hardening agents for epoxy resins from<br />
which insulating agents, adhesives or coatings<br />
are produced.<br />
Ethylene Amines<br />
Numerous examples for today’s use of ethylene<br />
amines can be found in various branches of<br />
industry. The spectrum of products containing<br />
this substance ranges from textiles to fungicides.<br />
Cars, too, are dependent on it since ethylene<br />
amine is used as a fuel additive. Further fields<br />
of application are rubber processing, corrosion<br />
protection and bleaching agent production.<br />
Self-cleaning separators from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> are used in the production of these<br />
products to separate by-products produced in<br />
the form of solids from the valuable liquid.<br />
Special features of the separators include:<br />
A large bandwidth to adjust to a wide<br />
range of throughput capacities and<br />
comparatively high solid contents<br />
The patented <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />
hydrostop system which enables precise<br />
partial ejections, recovering more valuable<br />
liquid and minimizing disposal costs<br />
Suitability for process temperatures<br />
significantly above 100 °C<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Sulfuric acid<br />
Raw<br />
phosphate<br />
Phosphoric Acid<br />
Phosphoric acid is the “source” of many different<br />
products, from fertilizers to cola drinks. It is<br />
manufactured on an industrial scale primarily<br />
by breaking down phosphate rock with sulfuric<br />
acid in a wet chemical process. Calcium sulfate<br />
is precipitated and removed by centrifuges.<br />
However, calcium sulfate is a solid that becomes<br />
very compact making it one of the most difficult<br />
products to discharge. At the external periphery<br />
of the bowl, gypsum simply becomes “concrete.”<br />
It cannot be reliably discharged with a selfcleaning<br />
bowl.<br />
This is the reason why <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> uses special nozzle-type separators.<br />
They discharge the solids continuously as a<br />
Reaction<br />
Phosphoric<br />
acid + gypsum<br />
TDC 130<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
concentrated suspension while the liquid is<br />
clarified with highest efficiency and discharged<br />
under pressure by means of a centripetal<br />
pump. If the customer wishes to dewater<br />
the gypsum to a greater DS content to use it<br />
profitably, they can install a decanter (e. g.,<br />
of the type TCE 535) right after the nozzle<br />
separator. The same is applicable if there are<br />
comparable high concentrations of solids in<br />
the feed. It is frequently the case that decanters<br />
and separators are used in two different stages.<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> machines have<br />
demonstrated their ability to meet all specified<br />
requirements in the phosphoric acid process.<br />
Machines for recovering phosphoric acid have<br />
all product-contacting parts made from special<br />
materials that resist its corrosive properties.<br />
This applies especially to the high speed nozzle<br />
machines (e. g., type TDC 130). If desired, the<br />
nozzle machine can be supplied with a complete<br />
recycling loop package unit.<br />
H3 PO4 for subsequent concentration<br />
TCE 535<br />
Gypsum
<strong>Separator</strong>s<br />
Clarifiers ensure high product quality and yield.<br />
TSC self-cleaning separator<br />
As a result of decades of experience, <strong>GEA</strong><br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has been able to adapt<br />
the construction of separators to the specific<br />
requirements of the chemical industry. Selfcleaning<br />
separators are used in many applications<br />
in the chemical industry. They also meet all<br />
demands of a continuous operating mode.<br />
The separators are equipped with a disc-type<br />
bowl and movable sliding piston. The liquid<br />
is clarified fast and gently in a disc stack,<br />
whereby the solids are spun out into the solids<br />
holding space. When the optimum ejection<br />
point is reached, the movable sliding piston<br />
is opened hydraulically. The solids are ejected<br />
instantaneously at operating speed and the<br />
sliding piston goes back into closed position.<br />
The clarified liquid is discharged foam-free and<br />
under pressure by means of a centripetal pump.<br />
If the liquid must not come in contact with the<br />
outer air, these separators can be delivered in a<br />
hydrohermetic (liquid seal) design.<br />
Discharge, solids<br />
Feed<br />
TDC nozzle separator with direct drive<br />
Nozzle bowl centrifuge with washing system or<br />
concentrate recycling system and direct drive in<br />
an explosion-proof design.<br />
Bowl<br />
The centrifuge is equipped with a disc-type<br />
bowl which features nozzles at the periphery<br />
through which the concentrate is discharged<br />
continuously. The product flows through the feed<br />
into the inlet chamber of the bowl, is accelerated<br />
by fins and passes uniformly through the rising<br />
channels into the disc stack. Here, clarification<br />
takes place under the influence of centrifugal<br />
force. The disc stack consists of a number of<br />
conical discs placed one above the other. The<br />
narrow disc interspaces split the liquid into<br />
thin layers, thus reducing the settling distance<br />
for the solids particles. The latter settle on the<br />
underside of the disc above and slide down into<br />
the concentrate chamber. The clarified liquid is<br />
conveyed to the bowl center from where it flows<br />
upwards to the centripetal pump chamber and<br />
is pressure-discharged.<br />
Discharge,<br />
light phase<br />
13<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Self-cleaning separator
Discharge, solids<br />
Feed<br />
Inert gas system<br />
The volume of the clarified liquid can be<br />
regulated within a certain range by means of<br />
a throttle (e. g., constant pressure valve). The<br />
separated solids (concentrate) are continuously<br />
discharged through nozzles into the concentrate<br />
catcher. The solids concentration depends on the<br />
throughput capacity, the feed concentration, the<br />
nozzle diameter and the bowl speed. The desired<br />
concentration can be adjusted by exchanging the<br />
nozzles and regulating the throughput capacity.<br />
The concentrate flows off under gravity from the<br />
concentrate catcher.<br />
Features<br />
A combination of tested and newly developed<br />
constructional elements were applied to design<br />
this centrifuge:<br />
Completely new and innovative direct<br />
drive concept<br />
Virtually no limitation of motor capacity<br />
Very low-maintenance due to simple design<br />
and very few wear parts<br />
14<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Clean acid<br />
Vent system<br />
Discharge, light phase<br />
Nozzle separator with<br />
direct drive<br />
Motor control via frequency converter<br />
Stress optimized bowl design<br />
Reduced weight, therefore reduced floor<br />
load<br />
Simplified overall design and fewer parts<br />
for simplified service<br />
Easy assembly and disassembly<br />
Easy top to bottom disassembly and bottom<br />
to top assembly<br />
Bayonet type nozzles for optimized flow<br />
pattern and reduced service costs<br />
Continuous bowl speed and vibration<br />
monitoring<br />
External lubrication system for longer oil<br />
change intervals, better oil quality and<br />
simpler oil change<br />
Monitoring and cooling of the lube oil feed<br />
Available also for high-pressure<br />
applications of up to 10 bar overpressure<br />
and a temperature of 190 °C
Drive Concepts for <strong>Separator</strong>s<br />
Different drive concepts are also available for the separators. Two drive concepts<br />
are available: flat belt and direct drive.<br />
Flat belt drive<br />
This drive concept entails transfer of the motor<br />
power to the spindle by means of an antistatic<br />
flat belt. Oil circulation lubrication ensures that<br />
the bearings are continuously lubricated.<br />
Compared to the gear drive, which is still used<br />
in older models, the motor power is transferred<br />
with up to 10 percent lower power loss. The belt<br />
itself can be replaced quickly and in a servicefriendly<br />
manner.<br />
Direct drive system<br />
The direct drive is an example of intelligent<br />
simplification in separating technology.<br />
Wherever the upper limit for gear loads has<br />
been reached or belt drives are undesirable, our<br />
separators with direct drive permit virtually<br />
loss-free power transmission. This boost in<br />
performance reduces the costs of energy, wear,<br />
maintenance and space.<br />
The required power is transmitted directly to<br />
the bowl spindle by a 3-phase AC motor with<br />
frequency converter control via a torsionally<br />
elastic clutch. The spindle assembly is supported<br />
by rubber-metal cushions. This makes possible<br />
low-vibration running at high bowl speeds.<br />
At a glance:<br />
Extremely space-saving design<br />
Avoidance of housing deformation<br />
High performance input<br />
Low maintenance requirement<br />
Fewer parts<br />
Reduced noise<br />
High process temperature more easily<br />
achievable<br />
Integration of a displacement system<br />
possible<br />
For explosion-proof separators without N₂<br />
blanketing of the drive area<br />
Flat belt drive Direct drive system<br />
15<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Discharge with<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® hydrostop<br />
Extremely rapid, precise and flexible.<br />
With the <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® hydrostop system,<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has developed a<br />
discharge system that can be adjusted precisely<br />
and reproducibly to the specific solids<br />
concentration requirements of the process.<br />
This patented discharge system enables<br />
the discharge process to be optimized<br />
extremely quickly. The <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />
hydrostop system reduces the actual<br />
discharge time to less than ¹⁄₁₀ of a second,<br />
and permits partial discharge at intervals of<br />
30 seconds.<br />
Extremely precise even with extremely<br />
small volumes<br />
Older discharge systems were much slower and<br />
less precise. There were significant fluctuations<br />
in the volume and thus the concentration of<br />
the solids.<br />
16<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
It was not possible to exert any influence over the<br />
process. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has completely<br />
solved these problems with the <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> ® hydrostop system. Volumes as small<br />
as 1.5 to 2 liters can be discharged repeatedly<br />
with an error of less than 10 percent. This<br />
innovative technology is the key to precise and<br />
rapid discharges and to much higher and better<br />
quality yields.<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />
hydrostop system<br />
Ejection via<br />
metering piston<br />
Former standard<br />
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
Valve cabinet<br />
Control panel<br />
Opening water<br />
Compressed air<br />
Discharge with Metering Piston<br />
Precisely metered discharge quantities.<br />
If certain heavy solids have to be separated,<br />
and if they tend to become very compact when<br />
subjected to the influence of centrifugal force,<br />
the metering piston ejection system is extremely<br />
useful. This mechanism ensures complete<br />
discharges of the bowl and allows a high level<br />
of operating reliability.<br />
Quantity of opening water is easy to set<br />
A further advantage is that the desired quantity of<br />
opening water can easily be set with the metering<br />
piston. The metering device is filled with precisely<br />
the set quantity of water through the inlet valve;<br />
compressed air is then forced into the lower<br />
chamber of the metering device through<br />
the valve.<br />
Closing water<br />
When the opening water valve has been<br />
operated, the compressed air acts on the piston<br />
of the metering device and the set quantity of<br />
water is injected into the opening chamber. This<br />
arrangement means that it is possible for very<br />
precise discharge quantities to be achieved.<br />
The air pressure for the metering device should<br />
ideally be 4 to 4.5 bar (g). The pressure transformer<br />
installed in the metering device ensures perfect<br />
discharge processes, thus overcoming line, valve<br />
and injection chamber resistances.<br />
17<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
The Pair of Centripetal Pumps for<br />
High Density Differences<br />
Maximum separating efficiency.<br />
The centripetal pumps are the real “dream team”<br />
of the TTC generation. These centripetal pumps<br />
enable the separating zones to be set precisely<br />
even in conjunction with very high density<br />
differences. For example, this is the only way<br />
to achieve optimum separating efficiency with<br />
nitroaromatic compounds. In processes where the<br />
light phase is the valuable phase, the separating<br />
zone can be positioned towards the periphery of<br />
the bowl. This way, the light phase is allocated<br />
a maximum clarifying area. At the same time,<br />
the twin centripetal pump is able to discharge<br />
the heavy phase under pressure in an enclosed<br />
system. This is a major advantage particularly in<br />
the case of explosive or aggressive media. Unlike<br />
processes that discharge under gravity, nothing<br />
can be discharged onto the hood of the separator.<br />
This avoids the significant cost of making the<br />
hood corrosion resistant.<br />
18<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
No pump, no costs<br />
The centripetal pump consists of a cylindrical<br />
disc equipped with channels. It is installed in the<br />
centripetal pump chamber of the rotating bowl.<br />
It is stationary, and its external periphery is<br />
immersed in the rotating liquid. The liquid<br />
is discharged towards the center of the pump<br />
through the channels, and the rotational energy<br />
of the liquid is converted into pressure. This<br />
means that an additional pump is not necessary,<br />
thus achieving savings in investment and<br />
operating costs.
Bowl Drain Holes<br />
The solid-wall bowl separators of the<br />
TTC generation are used wherever it is<br />
necessary to achieve highest separation<br />
efficiency of two liquid phases with a very<br />
low or negligible solids content. Never-<br />
theless, preventing the possible removal of the<br />
solids is often not possible. Complete protective<br />
clothing was previously essential for this work.<br />
With the TTC generation from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong>, however, such protective clothing can<br />
now be left off. This is because these machines<br />
are the only solid-wall disc-type separators in<br />
the world whose bowls are completely drained<br />
by gravity when the machines are shut down.<br />
Only small quantities of medium (often<br />
very toxic) remain in the bowl to be cleaned<br />
manually. Proper washing cycles after stopping<br />
the bowl can reduce that quantity even further.<br />
The result: maximum safety even without full<br />
protective clothing.<br />
Simple and effective<br />
To achieve this result, special drain holes are<br />
designed in such a way that, during operation<br />
they are “dry” as a result of the centrifugal forces.<br />
The liquid enters this discharge area only when<br />
the centrifuge slows down. It then discharges<br />
completely from the bowl via the drain holes,<br />
and is collected in downstream tanks via the<br />
frame drain. Under certain circumstances,<br />
the drain holes provide the option to carry out<br />
cleaning-in-place (CIP), draining the product<br />
first without the bowl having to be opened.<br />
That offers the client a significant increase of the<br />
production time and a decrease of the downtime.<br />
Rotary Brush Strainers and Wear Protection<br />
Upstream rotary brush strainers and a special coating for components which are<br />
at risk, protect the separators against clogging and abrasion.<br />
Excessively large solid particles can clog<br />
centrifuges, especially in nozzle-type separators.<br />
This is reliably avoided by installing a rotary<br />
brush strainer upstream. The product is fed<br />
into the strainer insert through the inlet, and<br />
flows through the strainer in the chamber to<br />
the discharge. The coarse solids are retained<br />
and scraped off the interior of the strainer by<br />
the rotating brushes. They fall into the conical<br />
base, from which they are discharged manually<br />
from time to time or automatically through the<br />
solids discharge.<br />
Special coating against abrasion<br />
In order to ensure that maximum performances<br />
are permanently achieved, the nozzle-type<br />
separators are also equipped with special wear<br />
protection against abrasion. This solution<br />
comprises coated wear plates as well as a coating<br />
on the distributor bottom and the bowl bottom.<br />
At a glance:<br />
Upstream rotary brush strainers prevent<br />
clogging of the nozzles<br />
Reliable protection<br />
against abrasion<br />
Feed<br />
19<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Discharge, solids<br />
Discharge,<br />
clarified liquid
Ceramic Membrane Filtration –<br />
Ultra- and Micro-Fine Clarification<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has achieved a new dimension of ultra-fine clarification<br />
with solutions combining centrifugal separation and filtration technology.<br />
In addition to centrifugal separation systems,<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> also has expertise in<br />
membrane filtration with ceramic elements<br />
for ultra- and micro-fine clarification of<br />
particles. Because of this, our company<br />
is able to significantly expand product<br />
clarification within a process line. The<br />
intelligent combination of centrifugation and<br />
membrane filtration further improves the<br />
efficiency of the overall installation.<br />
Individual specifications<br />
The ceramic membrane installations<br />
continuously supply a clear filtrate with the<br />
specified degree of clarification and the desired<br />
performance. The ceramic membrane forms a<br />
mechanical barrier with a defined pore size.<br />
20<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> provides a wide range<br />
of ceramic membrane modules in the pore size<br />
range of ultra- and microfiltration and with<br />
different membrane materials. The modules<br />
are mainly standardized, with variable channel<br />
diameters, element lengths and pore sizes. This<br />
membrane installation downstream of the<br />
separator permits extremely fine clarification<br />
of particles with a diameter of < 1 micrometer.<br />
At a glance:<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> solutions<br />
comprising centrifugation and<br />
membrane filtration<br />
All components from a single source<br />
Intelligent harmonizing of all components<br />
enhances process efficiency<br />
Wide range of ceramic membrane modules<br />
Individual configuration according to<br />
specific requirements
Decanters<br />
When clarifier operation is no longer<br />
feasible due to high proportions of solid<br />
levels in the suspension, decanters are<br />
used. The decanter design is based on<br />
decades of experience in centrifugal<br />
separation techniques as well as intensive<br />
research and development by <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong>. Decanters have been developed<br />
for high clarifying performance and the<br />
maximum possible degree of solids dewatering.<br />
Some of the essential conditions include a<br />
high bowl speed and an enormously high<br />
scroll torque as well as a control system to<br />
synchronize differential speed and solids load.<br />
The product enters the decanter through the<br />
feed tube and the distributor conveys it into the<br />
separating chamber where it is accelerated to<br />
operating speed. The action of centrifugal force<br />
quickly causes solid particles to sediment on the<br />
bowl wall.<br />
The bowl is of a cylindrical/conical shape. In the<br />
cylindrical section, this shape allows effective<br />
clarification of the liquid, while in the conical<br />
section, the solids are effectively dried.<br />
Solids discharge<br />
The scroll rotates slightly faster than the bowl<br />
shell and conveys separated solids continuously<br />
towards the narrow end of the bowl. Due to the<br />
conical shape of the bowl, the solids are lifted<br />
out of the liquid. As the solids pass through<br />
the “drying zone” which is no longer filled<br />
with liquid, they are freed from any adhering<br />
liquid by centrifugal force. The solids are then<br />
discharged into the collecting chamber of the<br />
housing through openings in the end of the<br />
bowl. The liquid flows between the flights of<br />
the scroll to the other end of the bowl. The slight<br />
impurities still in the liquid are spun out by<br />
centrifugal force as the liquid flows through the<br />
clarifying zone and is pumped by the scroll to<br />
the solids discharge along with the solids which<br />
have already been collected in the feed zone. The<br />
clarified liquid leaves the separation chamber<br />
under pressure by means of a centripetal pump<br />
or is discharged downwards under gravity.<br />
Depending on the decanter type, it may be driven<br />
by a 3-phase AC motor for controlled torque<br />
starting or alternatively by a 3-phase AC motor<br />
with frequency converter. This allows startup<br />
current and current peaks on start-up to<br />
be reduced. The power is transferred by belts<br />
and gears.<br />
Section through a clarifying decanter<br />
21<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Light phase discharge<br />
Suspension
Innovative Drive Concepts for Decanters<br />
Flexible process management with simultaneous maximum availability are essential<br />
requirements for modern drive concepts.<br />
The variety of process engineering applications<br />
in which decanters from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
are used requires different drive concepts. This<br />
is the only way to meet the corresponding<br />
product requirements in an optimum manner.<br />
The product line therefore includes drive<br />
systems with and without the possibility of<br />
simple regulation of the differential speed. The<br />
requirements for the machine and process, as<br />
well as customer wishes, determine what type<br />
of drive is used. In the case of decanters which<br />
are used in the chemical industry, flexible and<br />
precise regulation of the differential speed is<br />
particularly important. This is the only way to<br />
achieve extremely high solid concentrations and<br />
thus high separating efficiency. The 2-gear drive<br />
and the differential gear drive have therefore<br />
become established in practice.<br />
2-motor drive<br />
The 2-motor drive enables the differential speed<br />
to be regulated cost-effectively under good<br />
operating conditions with wide regulating<br />
ranges. The secondary motor sets the input<br />
shaft of the gear in motion and generates<br />
the differential speed as a function of bowl<br />
speed and gear transmission. The differential<br />
speed can easily be regulated by changing<br />
the motor speed. These 2-motor drives are used<br />
whenever solid volumes fluctuate significantly,<br />
when solids are conveyed under difficult<br />
conditions and when stringent requirements<br />
are applicable with regard to residual<br />
water content.<br />
22<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
2-gear drive<br />
The advantage of the <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> patented 2-gear drive is its facility<br />
for regulating the scroll drive. The differential<br />
speed is adapted automatically and extremely<br />
precisely as a function of the scroll torque –<br />
and thus as a function of the solids content<br />
in the bowl. Accordingly, the solids are<br />
discharged from the bowl with a constant<br />
concentration and in an extremely dry state.<br />
These 2-gear drives are used whenever the<br />
volume of solids is not constant, when the<br />
solids are difficult to convey and when very high<br />
requirements are applicable with regard to<br />
the residual water content of the solids.<br />
2-motor drive<br />
2-gear drive
Differential gear drive<br />
The differential gear drive is recommended<br />
whenever it is necessary to automatically<br />
regulate the scroll speed in addition to regulating<br />
the bowl speed. This can be achieved by means<br />
of two gears. The secondary motor drives the<br />
central input shaft and generates the differential<br />
speed proportionally to its own speed. A second<br />
input shaft without any speed is connected to the<br />
housing. This means that the differential speed<br />
is not dependent on the bowl speed. Differential<br />
gear drives are used primarily in the lower range<br />
of the differential speeds.<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® varipond ® –<br />
reliable mastering phase separation<br />
The pond depth in the decanter is an important<br />
parameter with which various performance<br />
capabilities can be influenced. The <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> varipond system gives the user<br />
the opportunity to alter the pond depth<br />
to adapt to specific conditions during<br />
ongoing operation. A <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
varipond disc dips into the clarified liquid phase<br />
directly in front of the regulating ring. This<br />
disc forms a hermetic chamber (“<strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> varipond” chamber) together with<br />
the centripetal pump, to which pressure can be<br />
applied through a hole in the feed tube. Since<br />
the liquid level between the <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
varipond disc and the regulating ring is defined<br />
by the overflow diameter, overpressure in the<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> varipond chamber has<br />
the effect of enlarging the pond depth in the<br />
decanter bowl in accordance with the principle<br />
of the communicating tubes. As a result, the<br />
clarification area is enlarged.<br />
Differential gear drive<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® varipond ®<br />
The process operator has a tool that permits<br />
precise adjustment of the dewatering and<br />
clarification efficiency. This is indispensable<br />
for efficient and cost-saving decanter operation,<br />
particularly in the case of changing feed<br />
conditions.<br />
In the case of gas tight decanters, the<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> varipond system has the<br />
advantage that it requires no mechanically<br />
adjustable parts such as rotary leadthroughs.<br />
It therefore provides a high level of protection<br />
against discharging harmful gases.<br />
23<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Centrifuges for High Temperature<br />
and High Pressure Applications<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has found a solution<br />
to this problem through continuous hightemperature<br />
clarification with specially<br />
designed separators. By way of example, nozzle<br />
separators can only separate particles suspended<br />
in viscous liquids effectively when their<br />
viscosity is reduced by increased temperature.<br />
In the case of some product streams, the<br />
optimal separating conditions are around<br />
190 °C. Since many carrier liquids evaporate<br />
at these temperatures at atmospheric pressure,<br />
the pressures are around 10 bar.<br />
24<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
The pressure-stressed components including<br />
hood, solids catcher and protective hood have<br />
been rated to meet the specific requirements of<br />
the European Pressure Equipment Directive and<br />
the American ASME code. The pressure-specific<br />
segregation of the product space from the drive<br />
chamber is by means of a double-acting slidering<br />
packing. Use of suitable materials made<br />
of Super Duplex and Super Austenite are the<br />
standard. Suitable elastomers like FKM and<br />
FFKM are available as gasket materials.<br />
Every component is subjected to a comprehensive<br />
quality check to meet the stringent demands in<br />
chemical sectors.<br />
Many applications in the chemical industry<br />
require operating the process at elevated<br />
temperatures, for example:<br />
Hot wax clarification<br />
Production of amines<br />
Some petrochemical additives<br />
Food additives<br />
Fluid gases<br />
Self-cleaning disk stack separators from <strong>GEA</strong><br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> are successfully used in<br />
such applications at process temperatures up to<br />
140 °C. This provides high mechanical reliabilty.<br />
Special care is taken on the choice of materials,<br />
especially for gaskets. Development of new<br />
polymer materials now makes it possible to use<br />
polymers for the bowl main gaskets instead of<br />
expensive steel-on-steel gaskets.
Wear Protection in Decanters<br />
and <strong>Separator</strong>s<br />
Many processes expose decanters and separators<br />
to extreme material strain. For maximum wear<br />
protection, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> installs<br />
armor plating as required in all points of a<br />
decanter where increased levels of wear can be<br />
expected, particularly when the machine is used<br />
for processing very abrasive solids.<br />
One possible solution is spray cladding, in which<br />
carbide is welded onto the exposed parts of the<br />
centrifuge, for example:<br />
The vane of a decanter scroll<br />
The distributor of different centrifuge<br />
types<br />
The sliding piston of a self-cleaning<br />
separator<br />
For protection of a decanter scroll, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> also offers the possibility of using tiles<br />
instead of spray cladding. Tiles are generally<br />
used for highly abrasive products.<br />
Another wear point, which is particularly well<br />
protected by <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>, is the point<br />
at which the solids are discharged through the<br />
solids discharge ports.<br />
However, these ports are not protected in the<br />
same way. Even hard metal welded on to the<br />
surface in this particular area would erode over<br />
a relatively short period and would require<br />
expensive repair work.<br />
Customer-oriented<br />
Instead, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> uses special<br />
sintered hard metal sleeves that provide a much<br />
higher abrasion resistance. These sleeves<br />
wear down on one side but can be easily<br />
turned around. Users have to replace the<br />
sleeves only when both sides are worn.<br />
This requires much less maintenance<br />
compared with welding and results in<br />
considerably higher availability of the decanter.<br />
This ensures that wear on the solids discharge<br />
is manageable.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Explosion-Protected Centrifuges<br />
Centrifuges are used in the chemical industry<br />
for clarifying and separating readily flammable<br />
liquids. Theoretically, such applications can<br />
result in critical concentrations of solvent<br />
vapors and oxygen inside the centrifuge<br />
that can cause explosions or fires. However,<br />
the vapors must also be prevented from<br />
escaping so as not to pose a risk to the health<br />
of the operators. Both these risks can be<br />
prevented reliably by using gas-tight centrifuges<br />
from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>. No sparks,<br />
no static charges, no hot bearings – the test<br />
criteria of the strict European ATEX standard.<br />
In addition, before the start of operation, the<br />
centrifuge is purged with inert gas and blanketed<br />
with a slight excess pressure so that no further<br />
oxygen is able to penetrate. This is because<br />
fire is not possible without oxygen. When<br />
processing sensitive liquids, the necessary inert<br />
gas atmosphere in the separator is automatically<br />
monitored throughout the entire operation.<br />
Nothing is able to penetrate this barrier<br />
An essential design feature of the gas-tight<br />
separators from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> is<br />
the gas-tight sealing chamber that separates<br />
the drive area with the motor from the product<br />
chamber. This sealing chamber is blanketed<br />
with inert gas, and the connecting spindle<br />
is protected with dynamic special seals. The<br />
sealing chamber reliably prevents the solvent<br />
from passing from the product chamber to<br />
the drive area or into the surroundings. This<br />
makes it impossible for the solvent to dilute<br />
the oil, which would diminish its lubricating<br />
efficiency and thus pose a risk to the drive unit.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
The same is also true in reverse: no oil is able to<br />
penetrate the product chamber and thus have a<br />
negative impact on the quality of the valuable<br />
product.<br />
ATEX 95 (directive 94 / 9 EC)<br />
A directive for machines operating in hazardous<br />
surroundings has been in force in Europe since<br />
July 1, 2003. This affects numerous applications<br />
in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries,<br />
particularly where gas-tight machines are used.<br />
According to the directive, the first step is to carry<br />
out a risk assessment of the relevant machines to<br />
identify any present or potential risks.<br />
The measures are documented and the documentation<br />
is submitted to an Entitled Body. Specifically,<br />
this means that <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
centrifuges are now equipped with fail-safe<br />
vibration monitoring equipment. This includes<br />
a bearing temperature measurement as well as<br />
an inert gas supply unit. All electrical equipment<br />
must have been awarded an ATEX certificate or a<br />
manufacturer declaration. This directive is only<br />
applicable to new machines. A separate directive<br />
ATEX 137 (directive 1999 / 92 EC) is applicable<br />
for operators of installations in hazardous areas.<br />
Operators have also been obliged to carry out risk<br />
assessments for existing installations. Machines<br />
and installations must have been assessed by<br />
no later than January 1, 2006. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> offers support for assessing risks and,<br />
where reasonable, converting these centrifuges<br />
to the new standards.
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> improves inert<br />
gas concept<br />
Requirements with regard to safety and<br />
reliability are becoming more stringent for<br />
separators and decanters used in zones with a<br />
risk of explosion. The existing inert gas concept is<br />
constantly improved to meet these requirements.<br />
The latest European standards, as well as <strong>GEA</strong><br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>’s practical operating<br />
experience, are incorporated in the concept.<br />
As has been the case, the atmosphere in the<br />
separator is displaced with inert gas before every<br />
start-up and the excess pressure is maintained<br />
during operation to meet the requirement for<br />
minimum inert gas consumption. The fittings<br />
and measuring devices used have been subjected<br />
to an extensive test and have also been optimized<br />
as far as investment costs are concerned. The new<br />
inert gas supply facility complies not only with<br />
the familiar directive 94 / 9 EC (ATEX) but also<br />
with the TA Luft, i. e., product leakages from the<br />
equipment are reduced to a minimum using<br />
state-of-the-art technology.<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> places great emphasis<br />
on complete and easy-to-understand operator<br />
documentation as well as a carefully performed<br />
conformity assessment procedure (CE symbol).<br />
The company also provides information<br />
concerning the correct installation of separators<br />
and decanters in zones that are exposed to the<br />
risk of explosion.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Special Materials<br />
It is important to select the correct material<br />
for components that come into contact with<br />
product, such as the bowl, scroll or disc stack.<br />
Strength, corrosion resistance and hygienic<br />
specifications are important criteria in this<br />
respect. In general, the quality of the material<br />
must increase as the requirements become<br />
more stringent. The standard material is<br />
stainless duplex steel, which has high strength<br />
and excellent corrosion resistance. On the<br />
other hand, super duplex steel is the preferred<br />
material for more complex applications. For<br />
particularly “tough” applications, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> uses special alloys such as Incoloy 825,<br />
Titanium or Hastelloy C4. The load-bearing parts<br />
(bowl bottom, bowl top and bowl lock ring) can<br />
also be made of 1.4501 super duplex material.<br />
A genuine <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> speciality is<br />
the lining of solid wall bowls with Incoloy 825,<br />
Hastelloy C4 or even titanium palladium.<br />
In this process, sheets of the appropriate<br />
special material are incorporated in the<br />
bowl top and bowl bottom to ensure long<br />
corrosion protection. The load-bearing bowl parts<br />
however continue to be made with standard<br />
materials to permit high bowl speeds. This<br />
procedure has specific advantages. First, if<br />
necessary, the lining can be replaced. Second,<br />
the use of expensive special material is reduced<br />
to an absolute minimum.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
1. Inserting the lining in the bowl bottom<br />
2. Dye penetration test after welding the lining<br />
3. Bowl bottom with lining in place
Technology Center for Process Engineering -<br />
the Reliable Basis for Decision-Making<br />
Customer-specific tests in Central Process Engineering provide a basis<br />
for decision-making for all investments.<br />
No separation is identical with another. In<br />
many cases, it is necessary to perform a series<br />
of tests before the correct decision can be<br />
made for a specific installation. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> has set up the Central Process<br />
Engineering department for this purpose.<br />
Depending on the specific task involved, test<br />
series can be run with the customers original<br />
product in a mobile pilot installation on site or<br />
in the laboratory at <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>.<br />
The specification of the customer, along with<br />
operating temperature, throughput capacity,<br />
clarifying or separating efficiency and other<br />
factors constitute the information necessary<br />
to complete a reliable analysis. After every<br />
test series, the customer receives informative<br />
documentation in which the technical and<br />
economic data are detailed.<br />
Focus on investment protection<br />
The results from Central Process Engineering<br />
can be used to precisely identify what machine<br />
type and what model from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />
<strong>Separator</strong> are most suitable for the specific task.<br />
This procedure avoids poor investments right<br />
from the very beginning. The customer achieves<br />
a reliable basis on which he can make the correct<br />
investment decision.<br />
At a glance:<br />
Series of tests with the original customer<br />
products<br />
Conducted at the laboratory of<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> or in pilot<br />
installations on site<br />
Detailed test documentation<br />
Specific machine recommendation<br />
Detailed mass balance<br />
Total cost analysis<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>
Ensuring Maximum Process Efficiency,<br />
Availability and Budget Security with<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® capitalcare<br />
The demands of the chemical industry are tough.<br />
Equipment must perform reliably, safely and<br />
at maximum efficiency all day, every day. As<br />
a DIN EN ISO 9001 company, we stand behind<br />
our products, our service and the quality of our<br />
work. Our commitment is to provide customers<br />
with the highest level of support available to<br />
maximize the productivity and longevity of their<br />
equipment.<br />
With <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> capitalcare,<br />
customers enjoy peace of mind and<br />
benefit from:<br />
Uninterrupted equipment performance<br />
Maximized plant productivity and profitability<br />
Maximized equipment utilization<br />
Minimized downtime<br />
Optimal equipment performance<br />
Enhanced plant and operator safety.<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
A variety of service contract options are available<br />
to our customers. Contracts can include safety and<br />
performance audits, training of plant personnel,<br />
vibration and process monitoring and a spare<br />
parts inventory.<br />
Guaranteed parts from<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
Because centrifuges are subject to extreme<br />
operating conditions, safety is a critical issue. The<br />
use of anything other than genuine OEM parts<br />
introduces an uncontrolled source of weakness in<br />
an otherwise perfectly balanced machine.<br />
The quality and functionality of our parts is the<br />
result of extensive chemical analyses as well<br />
as tests of corrosion resistance, temperature<br />
extremes, hardness and surface tests, stress trials<br />
and goodness of fit – all to within miniscule<br />
tolerances. This ensures hours of trouble-free<br />
operation.
Services performed by specialists<br />
When normal equipment use results in wear and<br />
tear, we stand behind the quality of our repair<br />
services. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has trained<br />
mechanics on staff that have the proprietary<br />
knowledge to make the necessary repairs.<br />
In true emergencies, a response team can be<br />
quickly deployed to your facility. Spare bowl<br />
and scroll assemblies are readily available for<br />
your use, so process/production lines are not idle<br />
while repairs are underway. And when<br />
equipment needs to be repaired off-site, we<br />
offer two full service locations. Our brand new<br />
facility in Patterson, California was specifically<br />
developed to service customers based in<br />
western North America. Here, decanters and<br />
separators of all sizes can be repaired. There<br />
is also a large parts inventory and a specially<br />
designed training facility.<br />
Maximum availability<br />
Absolute budget reliability<br />
Permanent efficiency<br />
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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
In addition to traditional<br />
services such as maintenance<br />
or repair, <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />
capitalcare also provides<br />
solutions which avoid<br />
risk and with which the<br />
installation’s availability<br />
can be pro-actively assured.
Beverage Technology<br />
Dairy Technology<br />
Renewable Resources<br />
<strong>Chemical</strong> / Pharmaceutical Technology<br />
Marine<br />
Energy/Power<br />
Oil & Gas<br />
Environmental Technology<br />
Engineering<br />
Factory Reconditioned Machinery<br />
Original Manufacturer’s Service<br />
<strong>Westfalia</strong>, <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>, varipond ® and wewatch ® are<br />
registered trademarks of <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> GmbH.<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> Mechanical Equipment US, Inc.<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> Division<br />
Headquarters:<br />
100 Fairway Court<br />
Northvale, NJ 07647<br />
201-767-3900<br />
Midwest:<br />
725 Tollgate Road, Suite B<br />
Elgin, IL 60123<br />
630-503-4700<br />
South:<br />
4725 Lakeland Commerce Parkway, Suite 4<br />
Lakeland, FL 33805<br />
863-603-8900<br />
Southwest:<br />
2408 Timberloch Place, Suite C-4<br />
The Woodlands, TX 77380<br />
281-465-7900<br />
West Coast:<br />
Western Region Customer Support Center<br />
555 Baldwin Road<br />
Patterson, CA 95363<br />
209-895-6300<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> Mechanical Equipment Canada, Inc.<br />
<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> Canada Division<br />
835 Harrington Court<br />
Burlington, ON L7N 3P3<br />
289-288-5500<br />
Toll-Free: 800-722-6622<br />
24-Hour Technical Help: 800-509-9299<br />
www.wsus.com<br />
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