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Chemical Industry Brochure - GEA Westfalia Separator

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Liquids to Value<br />

<strong>Chemical</strong> <strong>Industry</strong><br />

Components, systems and installations<br />

from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

<strong>GEA</strong> Mechanical Equipment / <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Efficiency and Safety Bonded Together<br />

Mechanical separating solutions for the chemical industry.<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> supports the chemical<br />

industry with high-performance and reliable<br />

process lines in a broad range of processes.<br />

Our modern civilization is not conceivable<br />

without chemicals. Whether synthetics, paints<br />

or lacquers, oil additives or food additives,<br />

chemicals rule the world. There is practically<br />

no area of life that is not impacted by the<br />

groundbreaking developments of the chemical<br />

industry. However, the road to the final product<br />

is long. Complex processes are required to<br />

recover the substances in the organic, inorganic<br />

and petrochemical industries. A recurring<br />

task in these processes is the mechanical<br />

separation of substances and phases. <strong>GEA</strong><br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has already been<br />

supporting the chemical industry for decades.<br />

Our process lines work with separators and<br />

decanters and also with ceramic membrane<br />

filtration. The systems we develop with our<br />

partners produce high quality products in a<br />

cost-effective, safe, and environmentally<br />

conscious manner.<br />

Safety is a priority in the chemical industry.<br />

Concentrated acids, high pressures and explosive<br />

substances are part of everyday production.<br />

Our separators and decanters are capable of<br />

handling the safety risks involved. For lining<br />

the solid-wall bowls, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

uses corrosion-resistant special materials such<br />

as Incoloy 825 or titanium palladium.<br />

Depending on the product, temperature and<br />

medium, machines of a gastight and explosionproof<br />

design are in accordance with the new<br />

ATEX 95 (RL 94/9/EC) directive.<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Current outstanding innovations of the company<br />

include gastight clarifying and extraction<br />

decanters with optimized machine geometry<br />

and high speeds.<br />

These compact developments combine explosion<br />

protection with a significant increase<br />

in performance. A new feature on these<br />

gastight decanters is the proven <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> ® varipond ® system. This system<br />

enables the pond depth in the decanter to<br />

be adapted optimally while operating,<br />

producing excellent separating results. The<br />

decanter always operates ideally, even if there<br />

are variations in feed concentration.<br />

Technology center for process<br />

engineering strengthens investment<br />

security<br />

Our specialists in the technology center for<br />

process engineering in Oelde, Germany can<br />

run laboratory tests with a customer’s original<br />

product. These specialists determine the<br />

industrial feasibility, are masters of the scale-up<br />

process, and are backed up by a vast knowledge<br />

base. They are able to present customer’s with a<br />

concept for an optimal process design, including<br />

the appropriate machines and components.<br />

Customers can also rent machines for longterm<br />

testing in order to make sound investment<br />

decisions.<br />

We also offer tailor-made service programs via<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® capitalcare. By taking<br />

advantage of this offer, the chemical industry<br />

ensures maximum machine availability and<br />

process efficiency, while at the same time<br />

maintaining absolute budget control.


Security for investments, products<br />

and processes<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> combines separating<br />

technology with innovation to provide security<br />

for investments, products and processes. This<br />

results in high yields from raw materials,<br />

and efficient use of resources as well as the<br />

protection of people and the environment.<br />

Maximum availability is made possible with<br />

regular maintenance.<br />

Benefits include:<br />

All services from a single source<br />

Customer- and application-oriented<br />

engineering support for process<br />

development, designing and installation<br />

with reliable scale-up<br />

Reliable compliance with all agreed<br />

specifications, budgets and delivery<br />

deadlines<br />

Complete assembly and testing of the<br />

installations in the ISO 9001 certified<br />

production facility<br />

On-site assembly of certain installation<br />

types is also possible<br />

Service network operating throughout<br />

the world<br />

These benefits provide every customer with the<br />

necessary security.<br />

Important applications:<br />

Agar agar<br />

Aluminium hydroxide<br />

Amines<br />

Aniline dyes<br />

Ash leaching<br />

Barium sulfate<br />

Black liquor<br />

Cellulose and derivatives<br />

Catalyst separation<br />

Dyes<br />

Ethylenamines<br />

Filter backflush liquid<br />

Fungicides, etc.<br />

Gum arabic<br />

Herbicides<br />

Ink<br />

Insecticides<br />

Lignocellulose<br />

Lyes<br />

Nitro compounds (nitration of aromatic<br />

substances in nitration installations)<br />

Petrochemical additives<br />

Paints<br />

Pentaerithrit<br />

Peroxides<br />

Phosphoric acid<br />

Polyacetates<br />

Polybutadiene, etc.<br />

Polycarbonate<br />

Polymer<br />

Printers' inks, etc.<br />

PTA (purified teraphtalic acid)<br />

Salts<br />

Sodium borohydride<br />

Suspensions with metals, oxides,<br />

hydroxides and catalysts<br />

Tall oil<br />

Viscose, cellulose acetate, etc.<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Nitroaromatic Compounds<br />

TNT – entirely safe.<br />

TNT with its almost legendary explosive power<br />

is probably the best known of all nitroaromatic<br />

compound substances. However, it is by no means<br />

the most important. Today, nitration of toluene is<br />

used primarily in the production of polyurethane.<br />

Nitration of benzene results in mononitrobenzene<br />

(MNB), which is the basis of a second key<br />

input product in the chemical industry, namely<br />

aniline. Up to 95 percent of the entire global<br />

production of MNB is used as the primary<br />

material for isocyanates (MDI), pharmaceuticals,<br />

rubber chemicals and most dyes.<br />

Nitroaromatic compounds are obtained in a multistage,<br />

large-scale process. Mononitration takes<br />

place in the first reaction tank, and dinitration<br />

in a second tank. To ensure that the process<br />

proceeds in a controlled manner, a mixture of<br />

highly concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids<br />

is added to the overflow of the corresponding<br />

stages. After nitration in the reaction tanks,<br />

the liquid is pumped to a separator so that the<br />

nitrated aromatic compound can be separated<br />

from the waste acid. After the reaction mixture of<br />

the second nitration stage has been separated, the<br />

dinitro aromatic compounds are pumped to a<br />

multi-stage washing process. This enables a<br />

high degree of purity to be achieved for the<br />

substances. The dinitro aromatic compounds<br />

are then recovered in a drier in the form of a<br />

crystalline substance.<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Excellent team right down<br />

to the smallest seal<br />

<strong>Separator</strong>s with a solid-wall bowl design, usually<br />

the TTC series, are normally used to separate the<br />

nitroaromatic compound from the waste acid<br />

after the nitration process and also from water<br />

after washing. The purity of the nitroaromatic<br />

compounds obtained in this way is excellent.<br />

Separation takes place in a very small space,<br />

thereby significantly increasing the safety of<br />

the installation. Chamber-type separators of the<br />

type TKC 100 are successfully used in practical<br />

applications for cleaning the sulfuric acid.<br />

This increases the operating life of the separator<br />

in the nitration stages by up to 100 percent.<br />

Because when sulfuric acid is cleaned this way,<br />

intervals between the cleaning cycles of the<br />

solid-wall bowl machines can be extended.


With its aggressive media, the nitration process<br />

poses extremely stringent demands on the<br />

separator design in the nitration stages. From<br />

the bowl to all other components that come<br />

into contact with the product right through<br />

to the smallest seal, everything has been<br />

consistently designed for this process. The<br />

problem is particularly acute when processing<br />

nitrated toluene or xylene from the waste acid.<br />

Special material (Incoloy 825) is used in virtually<br />

all places where the components come into<br />

contact with the product. With liquid centripetal<br />

pumps for both phases, the separators meet the<br />

requirement for safely discharging both the acid<br />

and the organic phase under pressure.<br />

Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid<br />

Aromatic<br />

H2O<br />

steam<br />

Recovery<br />

station<br />

H2O<br />

steam<br />

≈ 1.8<br />

1 st washing step<br />

Sour water<br />

Clarification of<br />

Fe sulfate from<br />

sulfuric acid<br />

TKC 100-86-576<br />

Exhaused acid to<br />

recovery station<br />

(H2SO4 + H2O + organics)<br />

Condensate<br />

2 nd washing step<br />

Alcaline water<br />

Another popular benefit of the TTC separators<br />

is the location of the discharge drain hole in<br />

the bottom of the bowl. This prevents the<br />

operator or service technician from coming<br />

into contact with the extremely toxic organic<br />

substances. Throughout the world, virtually<br />

all well-known manufacturers of nitro-<br />

aromatic compounds use separators supplied<br />

by <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>. Most of them<br />

have been doing so for many decades.<br />

There are specific reasons why <strong>GEA</strong><br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has continued to be<br />

the main supplier for this application. The<br />

new TTC generation continues our leadership<br />

role by meeting the customers’ need for high<br />

feed capacities, strict installation requirements<br />

and operator safety.<br />

3 rd washing step<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

≈ 1.3<br />

Wash water Caustic soda solution Wash water<br />

Acid for<br />

recirculation<br />

Reactor for<br />

mononitration<br />

TTC 150-01-517<br />

TTC 150-01-517<br />

Wash<br />

water<br />

TTC 150-01-517<br />

Reactor for<br />

dinitration<br />

Dinitrated<br />

aromatic<br />

Condensate<br />

Dryer


Peroxide<br />

The areas of application for peroxide are<br />

extremely varied. Organic peroxides are<br />

used as reactants in the chemical industry.<br />

Hydrogen peroxide is used for the production<br />

of 1) washing agents used in bleaching paper,<br />

cellulose, wood and textiles; 2) as crude product<br />

which will be converted into propylene oxide<br />

for cleaning waste water and drinking water; 3)<br />

in the medical industry as a disinfectant; and<br />

4) for “bleaching” hair. Nowadays, more than<br />

95 percent of the huge quantities of hydrogen<br />

peroxide required for these processes are made<br />

using variations of the anthraquinon process.<br />

This process comprises the four main stages of<br />

hydration, oxidation, washing and concentration.<br />

Within this process, an organic working<br />

solution circulates through the whole process.<br />

The working solution is recovered in a one-<br />

or multi-stage cross-current washing step.<br />

An aqueous phase is added which extracts<br />

impurities from the working solution.<br />

Subsequently, it can be removed from the organic<br />

phase by centrifugal means. Solid-wall bowl<br />

separators with a disc stack are used in this step.<br />

Fresh washing agent<br />

Working<br />

solution<br />

Static mixer<br />

Solid-wall separator<br />

Used<br />

TTC series<br />

washing agent<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

In other process applications, an aqueous phase<br />

is added to extract the impurities from an organic<br />

peroxide. Similarly, solid-wall bowl type<br />

separators with a disc stack are used to<br />

centrifugally separate both phases.<br />

Maximum safety and separating efficiency<br />

Peroxides can decompose even in the absence<br />

of oxygen at low process temperatures. The<br />

separators are accordingly explosion-protected,<br />

and the temperatures at the critical points are per-<br />

manently monitored. The design of the TTC<br />

separators also provides new methods<br />

for further improving separating and<br />

process efficiency. In the majority of the<br />

peroxide processes described above, the<br />

light phase makes up the biggest portion of<br />

the complete flow rate, usually above 90 percent.<br />

Accordingly, the largest part of the separator’s<br />

capacity must be used for purifying the light<br />

phase. This is possible with the TTC series<br />

type of separators which do not restrict other<br />

beneficial features, such as discharge of both<br />

separated phases under pressure.<br />

Static mixer<br />

Solid-wall separator<br />

Used<br />

TTC series<br />

washing agent<br />

Purified working<br />

solution


Xanthane<br />

Numerous positive characteristics mean that the<br />

long-chain polysaccharide xanthane is a product<br />

that can be used universally. In baker’s products,<br />

xanthane is responsible for pore structure, greater<br />

volume and an extended shelf life. It is used in<br />

desserts, chewing gum and ice cream as<br />

well as in dairy and yogurt products or fruit<br />

products to improve the texture. Xanthane<br />

is also frequently found in cosmetic lotions,<br />

creams, shampoos, liquid soap and toothpaste.<br />

It is also used in animal feeds where it binds<br />

water or controls flow properties. It can be<br />

used to thicken emulsions in the oil<br />

drilling industry.<br />

This universal substance is the metabolic product<br />

of a specific type of bacteria. On an industrial scale,<br />

the bacteria are bred in large fermenters, and the<br />

metabolic products produced by the bacteria are<br />

subsequently harvested. This is where <strong>GEA</strong><br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>’s expertise comes into play.<br />

The actual process of recovery downstream of<br />

the fermenter takes place primarily in a 2-stage<br />

process with separators and/or decanters. The<br />

first stage is for clarification and the second<br />

stage, namely the washing stage, is used for<br />

dewatering the xanthane as much as possible.<br />

Minimum shearing forces,<br />

maximum margin<br />

Two factors are particularly important in the<br />

separation process. These factors are the control<br />

of shearing forces and explosion protection.<br />

Shearing forces have a major impact on the<br />

quality of the long-chain saccharide, and thus<br />

on the price of the product.<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> uses a tailor-made<br />

design to ensure gentle product treatment and<br />

high throughput. Decanters of the TCA series<br />

are used for this application. Particular attention<br />

must be paid to explosion proof protection,<br />

as the solvents are alcoholic and pose a danger<br />

of explosion. In this respect, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> has been able to implement<br />

innovations with explosion-protected processes.<br />

One method of protection involves nitrogen<br />

blanketing of the machines. Our experience<br />

ensures maximum safety and maximum<br />

product quality. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has<br />

implemented the requirements specified in the<br />

ATEX guidelines for decanters and separators.<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Petrochemical Additives<br />

Good lubrication is necessary for a long life; oil<br />

additives reduce the viscosity of the lubricants<br />

and thus reduce wear and fuel consumption.<br />

Clarifying decanters and clarifying self-cleaning<br />

disc stack separators are used in the production<br />

of petrochemical additives after a precipitation<br />

reaction. This reaction is used to remove<br />

impurities from the carrier liquid, usually an<br />

organic solvent. The previously dissolved and<br />

unwanted components of the petrochemical<br />

additive can then be removed by centrifugal<br />

force.<br />

Depending on the pre-concentration, the<br />

separation process either uses decanters<br />

or separators or, frequently, uses a 2-stage<br />

procedure with decanters and separators.<br />

In general, if the solution has a high solid<br />

content, a decanter is ideal. These machines<br />

are more solids oriented than separators.<br />

If the valuable phase, which is discharged<br />

after the first separation stage, still contains<br />

unwanted suspended solids, the user can install<br />

a polishing separator which removes extremely<br />

fine particles from the decanter overflow.<br />

The clarified liquid phase, with the dissolved<br />

additives, is treated in further processes.<br />

Contaminated oil additive,<br />

obtained from a reaction process<br />

Oil additive<br />

solution + salts<br />

TCA 501<br />

Salts (disposal)<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Meeting safety requirements<br />

With gas-tight, explosion-proof centrifuges<br />

in accordance with ATEX standards, <strong>GEA</strong><br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> guarantees maximum<br />

safety. Centrifuges are optimized so that<br />

they are able to meet the specific conditions<br />

present on every customer’s premises. The<br />

prime focus is not only on the separating<br />

efficiency, but also on sophisticated issues such<br />

as solids transport in the centrifuges. These issues<br />

are indispensable for continuous operation.<br />

Centrifugation tests and the experience of<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> warrants a perfect<br />

configuration for the installation.<br />

TSE series<br />

Oil additive solution<br />

to further treatment<br />

Salts (disposal)


Catalyst Recovery<br />

Catalysts are chemical substances that speed<br />

up the rate of a reaction and do not undergo<br />

any change themselves. They can, therefore,<br />

be recovered and recycled. This is a valuable<br />

property as catalysts such as platinum, cobalt<br />

and manganese are simply too valuable to be<br />

used just once. In addition, the product obtained<br />

with the catalyst has to be extremely pure and<br />

free of heavy metals and any traces of catalyst.<br />

Plus, simply disposing of the catalyst would have<br />

environmental implications.<br />

Centrifugal separation is the most popular<br />

method for recovering catalysts. They can<br />

subsequently be recycled back into the process<br />

improving its cost-effectiveness, quality and<br />

environmental compatibility.<br />

Compact challenge<br />

Very heavy solids often have to be separated<br />

while recovering the catalyst. However, this is<br />

only half of the challenge. Some of the solids<br />

compact so strongly on the wall of the bowl of a<br />

self-cleaning separator that the discharge gap of<br />

the system may shift. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>’s<br />

metering piston mechanism is the right tool for<br />

handling solids that become compacted. In this<br />

case, a complete discharge of the bowl ensures<br />

a high degree of operating reliability.<br />

If higher solid contents are required, decanters<br />

of different sizes are used for obtaining<br />

maximum dewatering and clarification<br />

efficiency. Chamber-type separators, which are<br />

able to polish and concentrate the product at<br />

low feed quantities, are also used. In the newer<br />

generation of chamber-type centrifuges, the<br />

liquid is discharged completely from the drain<br />

holes of the bowl. The valuable catalyst remains<br />

in the chambers and can thus be discharged<br />

manually more easily.<br />

Also, nozzle-type separators especially from the<br />

TDC series are increasingly used for recovering<br />

the catalysts. These provide highest clarifying<br />

results with a defined solid concentration in the<br />

nozzle discharge. The product contacting parts<br />

of the entire machine are available in various<br />

special materials for individual applications,<br />

different design pressures and explosion<br />

protection.<br />

To ensure that every machine operates reliably,<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> uses its vast experience<br />

in conjunction with specific pre-trials, to select<br />

the correct centrifugal system and size.<br />

9<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Dyes, Paints and Inks<br />

Paints are used in metalworking, in machine<br />

and equipment engineering and also in the<br />

automotive, furniture and electrical industries.<br />

The focus is not only on “visual” quality, but<br />

also frequently on corrosion protection and<br />

improving the surface properties. The fact that<br />

there is hardly any surface that does not require<br />

a coating demonstrates the major economic<br />

significance of paints.<br />

Dyes and paints are a liquid phase containing<br />

color particles. What appears to be uncomplicated<br />

at first sight proves to be a genuine challenge<br />

upon closer inspection. This is because particles<br />

with precisely the right size must be used to<br />

achieve the desired color or protective function.<br />

The solution in this case is centrifugal separating<br />

technology, using specific classifying decanters<br />

and separators.<br />

Put the good ones in the pot<br />

In classifying decanters and separators,<br />

the separating conditions are adjusted in<br />

such a way that only the desired particle<br />

size is retained in the end product.<br />

The centrifuge removes all other particles<br />

efficiently.<br />

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<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Particles measuring just a few micrometers<br />

are required in dyes and paints. This means<br />

that high speeds and large clarifying areas are<br />

frequently required. Chamber-type centrifuges,<br />

as well as continually operating self-cleaning<br />

separators with the <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />

hydrostop mechanism, are useful in these<br />

applications.<br />

To guarantee maximum quality, the discharge<br />

system can be controlled with solvent. No<br />

operating water comes into contact with<br />

the end product. If organic solvents<br />

are used in production, it is necessary<br />

to use explosion protected centrifuges<br />

incorporating special fittings and materials.<br />

These machines are equipped with certified<br />

components and the product chamber is gastight.<br />

The product chamber, closing chamber<br />

and gear chamber are blanketed with inert gas<br />

that reduces the concentration of oxygen in the<br />

separator to a non-critical level and keeps it<br />

within safe parameters.


Polyamines and Ethylene Amines<br />

Polyamines<br />

Many people absorb this substance during<br />

their daily food intake. Cheese, beer and yeast<br />

extracts, for instance, contain large quantities<br />

of polyamine compounds. So do the human<br />

intestines. Polyamines are also used industrially.<br />

Polyamines are produced from chloropropylene<br />

oxide and amines. They are primarily used<br />

as hardening agents for epoxy resins from<br />

which insulating agents, adhesives or coatings<br />

are produced.<br />

Ethylene Amines<br />

Numerous examples for today’s use of ethylene<br />

amines can be found in various branches of<br />

industry. The spectrum of products containing<br />

this substance ranges from textiles to fungicides.<br />

Cars, too, are dependent on it since ethylene<br />

amine is used as a fuel additive. Further fields<br />

of application are rubber processing, corrosion<br />

protection and bleaching agent production.<br />

Self-cleaning separators from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> are used in the production of these<br />

products to separate by-products produced in<br />

the form of solids from the valuable liquid.<br />

Special features of the separators include:<br />

A large bandwidth to adjust to a wide<br />

range of throughput capacities and<br />

comparatively high solid contents<br />

The patented <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />

hydrostop system which enables precise<br />

partial ejections, recovering more valuable<br />

liquid and minimizing disposal costs<br />

Suitability for process temperatures<br />

significantly above 100 °C<br />

11<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Sulfuric acid<br />

Raw<br />

phosphate<br />

Phosphoric Acid<br />

Phosphoric acid is the “source” of many different<br />

products, from fertilizers to cola drinks. It is<br />

manufactured on an industrial scale primarily<br />

by breaking down phosphate rock with sulfuric<br />

acid in a wet chemical process. Calcium sulfate<br />

is precipitated and removed by centrifuges.<br />

However, calcium sulfate is a solid that becomes<br />

very compact making it one of the most difficult<br />

products to discharge. At the external periphery<br />

of the bowl, gypsum simply becomes “concrete.”<br />

It cannot be reliably discharged with a selfcleaning<br />

bowl.<br />

This is the reason why <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> uses special nozzle-type separators.<br />

They discharge the solids continuously as a<br />

Reaction<br />

Phosphoric<br />

acid + gypsum<br />

TDC 130<br />

12<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

concentrated suspension while the liquid is<br />

clarified with highest efficiency and discharged<br />

under pressure by means of a centripetal<br />

pump. If the customer wishes to dewater<br />

the gypsum to a greater DS content to use it<br />

profitably, they can install a decanter (e. g.,<br />

of the type TCE 535) right after the nozzle<br />

separator. The same is applicable if there are<br />

comparable high concentrations of solids in<br />

the feed. It is frequently the case that decanters<br />

and separators are used in two different stages.<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> machines have<br />

demonstrated their ability to meet all specified<br />

requirements in the phosphoric acid process.<br />

Machines for recovering phosphoric acid have<br />

all product-contacting parts made from special<br />

materials that resist its corrosive properties.<br />

This applies especially to the high speed nozzle<br />

machines (e. g., type TDC 130). If desired, the<br />

nozzle machine can be supplied with a complete<br />

recycling loop package unit.<br />

H3 PO4 for subsequent concentration<br />

TCE 535<br />

Gypsum


<strong>Separator</strong>s<br />

Clarifiers ensure high product quality and yield.<br />

TSC self-cleaning separator<br />

As a result of decades of experience, <strong>GEA</strong><br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has been able to adapt<br />

the construction of separators to the specific<br />

requirements of the chemical industry. Selfcleaning<br />

separators are used in many applications<br />

in the chemical industry. They also meet all<br />

demands of a continuous operating mode.<br />

The separators are equipped with a disc-type<br />

bowl and movable sliding piston. The liquid<br />

is clarified fast and gently in a disc stack,<br />

whereby the solids are spun out into the solids<br />

holding space. When the optimum ejection<br />

point is reached, the movable sliding piston<br />

is opened hydraulically. The solids are ejected<br />

instantaneously at operating speed and the<br />

sliding piston goes back into closed position.<br />

The clarified liquid is discharged foam-free and<br />

under pressure by means of a centripetal pump.<br />

If the liquid must not come in contact with the<br />

outer air, these separators can be delivered in a<br />

hydrohermetic (liquid seal) design.<br />

Discharge, solids<br />

Feed<br />

TDC nozzle separator with direct drive<br />

Nozzle bowl centrifuge with washing system or<br />

concentrate recycling system and direct drive in<br />

an explosion-proof design.<br />

Bowl<br />

The centrifuge is equipped with a disc-type<br />

bowl which features nozzles at the periphery<br />

through which the concentrate is discharged<br />

continuously. The product flows through the feed<br />

into the inlet chamber of the bowl, is accelerated<br />

by fins and passes uniformly through the rising<br />

channels into the disc stack. Here, clarification<br />

takes place under the influence of centrifugal<br />

force. The disc stack consists of a number of<br />

conical discs placed one above the other. The<br />

narrow disc interspaces split the liquid into<br />

thin layers, thus reducing the settling distance<br />

for the solids particles. The latter settle on the<br />

underside of the disc above and slide down into<br />

the concentrate chamber. The clarified liquid is<br />

conveyed to the bowl center from where it flows<br />

upwards to the centripetal pump chamber and<br />

is pressure-discharged.<br />

Discharge,<br />

light phase<br />

13<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Self-cleaning separator


Discharge, solids<br />

Feed<br />

Inert gas system<br />

The volume of the clarified liquid can be<br />

regulated within a certain range by means of<br />

a throttle (e. g., constant pressure valve). The<br />

separated solids (concentrate) are continuously<br />

discharged through nozzles into the concentrate<br />

catcher. The solids concentration depends on the<br />

throughput capacity, the feed concentration, the<br />

nozzle diameter and the bowl speed. The desired<br />

concentration can be adjusted by exchanging the<br />

nozzles and regulating the throughput capacity.<br />

The concentrate flows off under gravity from the<br />

concentrate catcher.<br />

Features<br />

A combination of tested and newly developed<br />

constructional elements were applied to design<br />

this centrifuge:<br />

Completely new and innovative direct<br />

drive concept<br />

Virtually no limitation of motor capacity<br />

Very low-maintenance due to simple design<br />

and very few wear parts<br />

14<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Clean acid<br />

Vent system<br />

Discharge, light phase<br />

Nozzle separator with<br />

direct drive<br />

Motor control via frequency converter<br />

Stress optimized bowl design<br />

Reduced weight, therefore reduced floor<br />

load<br />

Simplified overall design and fewer parts<br />

for simplified service<br />

Easy assembly and disassembly<br />

Easy top to bottom disassembly and bottom<br />

to top assembly<br />

Bayonet type nozzles for optimized flow<br />

pattern and reduced service costs<br />

Continuous bowl speed and vibration<br />

monitoring<br />

External lubrication system for longer oil<br />

change intervals, better oil quality and<br />

simpler oil change<br />

Monitoring and cooling of the lube oil feed<br />

Available also for high-pressure<br />

applications of up to 10 bar overpressure<br />

and a temperature of 190 °C


Drive Concepts for <strong>Separator</strong>s<br />

Different drive concepts are also available for the separators. Two drive concepts<br />

are available: flat belt and direct drive.<br />

Flat belt drive<br />

This drive concept entails transfer of the motor<br />

power to the spindle by means of an antistatic<br />

flat belt. Oil circulation lubrication ensures that<br />

the bearings are continuously lubricated.<br />

Compared to the gear drive, which is still used<br />

in older models, the motor power is transferred<br />

with up to 10 percent lower power loss. The belt<br />

itself can be replaced quickly and in a servicefriendly<br />

manner.<br />

Direct drive system<br />

The direct drive is an example of intelligent<br />

simplification in separating technology.<br />

Wherever the upper limit for gear loads has<br />

been reached or belt drives are undesirable, our<br />

separators with direct drive permit virtually<br />

loss-free power transmission. This boost in<br />

performance reduces the costs of energy, wear,<br />

maintenance and space.<br />

The required power is transmitted directly to<br />

the bowl spindle by a 3-phase AC motor with<br />

frequency converter control via a torsionally<br />

elastic clutch. The spindle assembly is supported<br />

by rubber-metal cushions. This makes possible<br />

low-vibration running at high bowl speeds.<br />

At a glance:<br />

Extremely space-saving design<br />

Avoidance of housing deformation<br />

High performance input<br />

Low maintenance requirement<br />

Fewer parts<br />

Reduced noise<br />

High process temperature more easily<br />

achievable<br />

Integration of a displacement system<br />

possible<br />

For explosion-proof separators without N₂<br />

blanketing of the drive area<br />

Flat belt drive Direct drive system<br />

15<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Discharge with<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® hydrostop<br />

Extremely rapid, precise and flexible.<br />

With the <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® hydrostop system,<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has developed a<br />

discharge system that can be adjusted precisely<br />

and reproducibly to the specific solids<br />

concentration requirements of the process.<br />

This patented discharge system enables<br />

the discharge process to be optimized<br />

extremely quickly. The <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />

hydrostop system reduces the actual<br />

discharge time to less than ¹⁄₁₀ of a second,<br />

and permits partial discharge at intervals of<br />

30 seconds.<br />

Extremely precise even with extremely<br />

small volumes<br />

Older discharge systems were much slower and<br />

less precise. There were significant fluctuations<br />

in the volume and thus the concentration of<br />

the solids.<br />

16<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

It was not possible to exert any influence over the<br />

process. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has completely<br />

solved these problems with the <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> ® hydrostop system. Volumes as small<br />

as 1.5 to 2 liters can be discharged repeatedly<br />

with an error of less than 10 percent. This<br />

innovative technology is the key to precise and<br />

rapid discharges and to much higher and better<br />

quality yields.<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ®<br />

hydrostop system<br />

Ejection via<br />

metering piston<br />

Former standard<br />

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2


Valve cabinet<br />

Control panel<br />

Opening water<br />

Compressed air<br />

Discharge with Metering Piston<br />

Precisely metered discharge quantities.<br />

If certain heavy solids have to be separated,<br />

and if they tend to become very compact when<br />

subjected to the influence of centrifugal force,<br />

the metering piston ejection system is extremely<br />

useful. This mechanism ensures complete<br />

discharges of the bowl and allows a high level<br />

of operating reliability.<br />

Quantity of opening water is easy to set<br />

A further advantage is that the desired quantity of<br />

opening water can easily be set with the metering<br />

piston. The metering device is filled with precisely<br />

the set quantity of water through the inlet valve;<br />

compressed air is then forced into the lower<br />

chamber of the metering device through<br />

the valve.<br />

Closing water<br />

When the opening water valve has been<br />

operated, the compressed air acts on the piston<br />

of the metering device and the set quantity of<br />

water is injected into the opening chamber. This<br />

arrangement means that it is possible for very<br />

precise discharge quantities to be achieved.<br />

The air pressure for the metering device should<br />

ideally be 4 to 4.5 bar (g). The pressure transformer<br />

installed in the metering device ensures perfect<br />

discharge processes, thus overcoming line, valve<br />

and injection chamber resistances.<br />

17<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


The Pair of Centripetal Pumps for<br />

High Density Differences<br />

Maximum separating efficiency.<br />

The centripetal pumps are the real “dream team”<br />

of the TTC generation. These centripetal pumps<br />

enable the separating zones to be set precisely<br />

even in conjunction with very high density<br />

differences. For example, this is the only way<br />

to achieve optimum separating efficiency with<br />

nitroaromatic compounds. In processes where the<br />

light phase is the valuable phase, the separating<br />

zone can be positioned towards the periphery of<br />

the bowl. This way, the light phase is allocated<br />

a maximum clarifying area. At the same time,<br />

the twin centripetal pump is able to discharge<br />

the heavy phase under pressure in an enclosed<br />

system. This is a major advantage particularly in<br />

the case of explosive or aggressive media. Unlike<br />

processes that discharge under gravity, nothing<br />

can be discharged onto the hood of the separator.<br />

This avoids the significant cost of making the<br />

hood corrosion resistant.<br />

18<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

No pump, no costs<br />

The centripetal pump consists of a cylindrical<br />

disc equipped with channels. It is installed in the<br />

centripetal pump chamber of the rotating bowl.<br />

It is stationary, and its external periphery is<br />

immersed in the rotating liquid. The liquid<br />

is discharged towards the center of the pump<br />

through the channels, and the rotational energy<br />

of the liquid is converted into pressure. This<br />

means that an additional pump is not necessary,<br />

thus achieving savings in investment and<br />

operating costs.


Bowl Drain Holes<br />

The solid-wall bowl separators of the<br />

TTC generation are used wherever it is<br />

necessary to achieve highest separation<br />

efficiency of two liquid phases with a very<br />

low or negligible solids content. Never-<br />

theless, preventing the possible removal of the<br />

solids is often not possible. Complete protective<br />

clothing was previously essential for this work.<br />

With the TTC generation from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong>, however, such protective clothing can<br />

now be left off. This is because these machines<br />

are the only solid-wall disc-type separators in<br />

the world whose bowls are completely drained<br />

by gravity when the machines are shut down.<br />

Only small quantities of medium (often<br />

very toxic) remain in the bowl to be cleaned<br />

manually. Proper washing cycles after stopping<br />

the bowl can reduce that quantity even further.<br />

The result: maximum safety even without full<br />

protective clothing.<br />

Simple and effective<br />

To achieve this result, special drain holes are<br />

designed in such a way that, during operation<br />

they are “dry” as a result of the centrifugal forces.<br />

The liquid enters this discharge area only when<br />

the centrifuge slows down. It then discharges<br />

completely from the bowl via the drain holes,<br />

and is collected in downstream tanks via the<br />

frame drain. Under certain circumstances,<br />

the drain holes provide the option to carry out<br />

cleaning-in-place (CIP), draining the product<br />

first without the bowl having to be opened.<br />

That offers the client a significant increase of the<br />

production time and a decrease of the downtime.<br />

Rotary Brush Strainers and Wear Protection<br />

Upstream rotary brush strainers and a special coating for components which are<br />

at risk, protect the separators against clogging and abrasion.<br />

Excessively large solid particles can clog<br />

centrifuges, especially in nozzle-type separators.<br />

This is reliably avoided by installing a rotary<br />

brush strainer upstream. The product is fed<br />

into the strainer insert through the inlet, and<br />

flows through the strainer in the chamber to<br />

the discharge. The coarse solids are retained<br />

and scraped off the interior of the strainer by<br />

the rotating brushes. They fall into the conical<br />

base, from which they are discharged manually<br />

from time to time or automatically through the<br />

solids discharge.<br />

Special coating against abrasion<br />

In order to ensure that maximum performances<br />

are permanently achieved, the nozzle-type<br />

separators are also equipped with special wear<br />

protection against abrasion. This solution<br />

comprises coated wear plates as well as a coating<br />

on the distributor bottom and the bowl bottom.<br />

At a glance:<br />

Upstream rotary brush strainers prevent<br />

clogging of the nozzles<br />

Reliable protection<br />

against abrasion<br />

Feed<br />

19<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Discharge, solids<br />

Discharge,<br />

clarified liquid


Ceramic Membrane Filtration –<br />

Ultra- and Micro-Fine Clarification<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has achieved a new dimension of ultra-fine clarification<br />

with solutions combining centrifugal separation and filtration technology.<br />

In addition to centrifugal separation systems,<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> also has expertise in<br />

membrane filtration with ceramic elements<br />

for ultra- and micro-fine clarification of<br />

particles. Because of this, our company<br />

is able to significantly expand product<br />

clarification within a process line. The<br />

intelligent combination of centrifugation and<br />

membrane filtration further improves the<br />

efficiency of the overall installation.<br />

Individual specifications<br />

The ceramic membrane installations<br />

continuously supply a clear filtrate with the<br />

specified degree of clarification and the desired<br />

performance. The ceramic membrane forms a<br />

mechanical barrier with a defined pore size.<br />

20<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> provides a wide range<br />

of ceramic membrane modules in the pore size<br />

range of ultra- and microfiltration and with<br />

different membrane materials. The modules<br />

are mainly standardized, with variable channel<br />

diameters, element lengths and pore sizes. This<br />

membrane installation downstream of the<br />

separator permits extremely fine clarification<br />

of particles with a diameter of < 1 micrometer.<br />

At a glance:<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> solutions<br />

comprising centrifugation and<br />

membrane filtration<br />

All components from a single source<br />

Intelligent harmonizing of all components<br />

enhances process efficiency<br />

Wide range of ceramic membrane modules<br />

Individual configuration according to<br />

specific requirements


Decanters<br />

When clarifier operation is no longer<br />

feasible due to high proportions of solid<br />

levels in the suspension, decanters are<br />

used. The decanter design is based on<br />

decades of experience in centrifugal<br />

separation techniques as well as intensive<br />

research and development by <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong>. Decanters have been developed<br />

for high clarifying performance and the<br />

maximum possible degree of solids dewatering.<br />

Some of the essential conditions include a<br />

high bowl speed and an enormously high<br />

scroll torque as well as a control system to<br />

synchronize differential speed and solids load.<br />

The product enters the decanter through the<br />

feed tube and the distributor conveys it into the<br />

separating chamber where it is accelerated to<br />

operating speed. The action of centrifugal force<br />

quickly causes solid particles to sediment on the<br />

bowl wall.<br />

The bowl is of a cylindrical/conical shape. In the<br />

cylindrical section, this shape allows effective<br />

clarification of the liquid, while in the conical<br />

section, the solids are effectively dried.<br />

Solids discharge<br />

The scroll rotates slightly faster than the bowl<br />

shell and conveys separated solids continuously<br />

towards the narrow end of the bowl. Due to the<br />

conical shape of the bowl, the solids are lifted<br />

out of the liquid. As the solids pass through<br />

the “drying zone” which is no longer filled<br />

with liquid, they are freed from any adhering<br />

liquid by centrifugal force. The solids are then<br />

discharged into the collecting chamber of the<br />

housing through openings in the end of the<br />

bowl. The liquid flows between the flights of<br />

the scroll to the other end of the bowl. The slight<br />

impurities still in the liquid are spun out by<br />

centrifugal force as the liquid flows through the<br />

clarifying zone and is pumped by the scroll to<br />

the solids discharge along with the solids which<br />

have already been collected in the feed zone. The<br />

clarified liquid leaves the separation chamber<br />

under pressure by means of a centripetal pump<br />

or is discharged downwards under gravity.<br />

Depending on the decanter type, it may be driven<br />

by a 3-phase AC motor for controlled torque<br />

starting or alternatively by a 3-phase AC motor<br />

with frequency converter. This allows startup<br />

current and current peaks on start-up to<br />

be reduced. The power is transferred by belts<br />

and gears.<br />

Section through a clarifying decanter<br />

21<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Light phase discharge<br />

Suspension


Innovative Drive Concepts for Decanters<br />

Flexible process management with simultaneous maximum availability are essential<br />

requirements for modern drive concepts.<br />

The variety of process engineering applications<br />

in which decanters from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

are used requires different drive concepts. This<br />

is the only way to meet the corresponding<br />

product requirements in an optimum manner.<br />

The product line therefore includes drive<br />

systems with and without the possibility of<br />

simple regulation of the differential speed. The<br />

requirements for the machine and process, as<br />

well as customer wishes, determine what type<br />

of drive is used. In the case of decanters which<br />

are used in the chemical industry, flexible and<br />

precise regulation of the differential speed is<br />

particularly important. This is the only way to<br />

achieve extremely high solid concentrations and<br />

thus high separating efficiency. The 2-gear drive<br />

and the differential gear drive have therefore<br />

become established in practice.<br />

2-motor drive<br />

The 2-motor drive enables the differential speed<br />

to be regulated cost-effectively under good<br />

operating conditions with wide regulating<br />

ranges. The secondary motor sets the input<br />

shaft of the gear in motion and generates<br />

the differential speed as a function of bowl<br />

speed and gear transmission. The differential<br />

speed can easily be regulated by changing<br />

the motor speed. These 2-motor drives are used<br />

whenever solid volumes fluctuate significantly,<br />

when solids are conveyed under difficult<br />

conditions and when stringent requirements<br />

are applicable with regard to residual<br />

water content.<br />

22<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

2-gear drive<br />

The advantage of the <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> patented 2-gear drive is its facility<br />

for regulating the scroll drive. The differential<br />

speed is adapted automatically and extremely<br />

precisely as a function of the scroll torque –<br />

and thus as a function of the solids content<br />

in the bowl. Accordingly, the solids are<br />

discharged from the bowl with a constant<br />

concentration and in an extremely dry state.<br />

These 2-gear drives are used whenever the<br />

volume of solids is not constant, when the<br />

solids are difficult to convey and when very high<br />

requirements are applicable with regard to<br />

the residual water content of the solids.<br />

2-motor drive<br />

2-gear drive


Differential gear drive<br />

The differential gear drive is recommended<br />

whenever it is necessary to automatically<br />

regulate the scroll speed in addition to regulating<br />

the bowl speed. This can be achieved by means<br />

of two gears. The secondary motor drives the<br />

central input shaft and generates the differential<br />

speed proportionally to its own speed. A second<br />

input shaft without any speed is connected to the<br />

housing. This means that the differential speed<br />

is not dependent on the bowl speed. Differential<br />

gear drives are used primarily in the lower range<br />

of the differential speeds.<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® varipond ® –<br />

reliable mastering phase separation<br />

The pond depth in the decanter is an important<br />

parameter with which various performance<br />

capabilities can be influenced. The <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> varipond system gives the user<br />

the opportunity to alter the pond depth<br />

to adapt to specific conditions during<br />

ongoing operation. A <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

varipond disc dips into the clarified liquid phase<br />

directly in front of the regulating ring. This<br />

disc forms a hermetic chamber (“<strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> varipond” chamber) together with<br />

the centripetal pump, to which pressure can be<br />

applied through a hole in the feed tube. Since<br />

the liquid level between the <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

varipond disc and the regulating ring is defined<br />

by the overflow diameter, overpressure in the<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> varipond chamber has<br />

the effect of enlarging the pond depth in the<br />

decanter bowl in accordance with the principle<br />

of the communicating tubes. As a result, the<br />

clarification area is enlarged.<br />

Differential gear drive<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® varipond ®<br />

The process operator has a tool that permits<br />

precise adjustment of the dewatering and<br />

clarification efficiency. This is indispensable<br />

for efficient and cost-saving decanter operation,<br />

particularly in the case of changing feed<br />

conditions.<br />

In the case of gas tight decanters, the<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> varipond system has the<br />

advantage that it requires no mechanically<br />

adjustable parts such as rotary leadthroughs.<br />

It therefore provides a high level of protection<br />

against discharging harmful gases.<br />

23<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Centrifuges for High Temperature<br />

and High Pressure Applications<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has found a solution<br />

to this problem through continuous hightemperature<br />

clarification with specially<br />

designed separators. By way of example, nozzle<br />

separators can only separate particles suspended<br />

in viscous liquids effectively when their<br />

viscosity is reduced by increased temperature.<br />

In the case of some product streams, the<br />

optimal separating conditions are around<br />

190 °C. Since many carrier liquids evaporate<br />

at these temperatures at atmospheric pressure,<br />

the pressures are around 10 bar.<br />

24<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

The pressure-stressed components including<br />

hood, solids catcher and protective hood have<br />

been rated to meet the specific requirements of<br />

the European Pressure Equipment Directive and<br />

the American ASME code. The pressure-specific<br />

segregation of the product space from the drive<br />

chamber is by means of a double-acting slidering<br />

packing. Use of suitable materials made<br />

of Super Duplex and Super Austenite are the<br />

standard. Suitable elastomers like FKM and<br />

FFKM are available as gasket materials.<br />

Every component is subjected to a comprehensive<br />

quality check to meet the stringent demands in<br />

chemical sectors.<br />

Many applications in the chemical industry<br />

require operating the process at elevated<br />

temperatures, for example:<br />

Hot wax clarification<br />

Production of amines<br />

Some petrochemical additives<br />

Food additives<br />

Fluid gases<br />

Self-cleaning disk stack separators from <strong>GEA</strong><br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> are successfully used in<br />

such applications at process temperatures up to<br />

140 °C. This provides high mechanical reliabilty.<br />

Special care is taken on the choice of materials,<br />

especially for gaskets. Development of new<br />

polymer materials now makes it possible to use<br />

polymers for the bowl main gaskets instead of<br />

expensive steel-on-steel gaskets.


Wear Protection in Decanters<br />

and <strong>Separator</strong>s<br />

Many processes expose decanters and separators<br />

to extreme material strain. For maximum wear<br />

protection, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> installs<br />

armor plating as required in all points of a<br />

decanter where increased levels of wear can be<br />

expected, particularly when the machine is used<br />

for processing very abrasive solids.<br />

One possible solution is spray cladding, in which<br />

carbide is welded onto the exposed parts of the<br />

centrifuge, for example:<br />

The vane of a decanter scroll<br />

The distributor of different centrifuge<br />

types<br />

The sliding piston of a self-cleaning<br />

separator<br />

For protection of a decanter scroll, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> also offers the possibility of using tiles<br />

instead of spray cladding. Tiles are generally<br />

used for highly abrasive products.<br />

Another wear point, which is particularly well<br />

protected by <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>, is the point<br />

at which the solids are discharged through the<br />

solids discharge ports.<br />

However, these ports are not protected in the<br />

same way. Even hard metal welded on to the<br />

surface in this particular area would erode over<br />

a relatively short period and would require<br />

expensive repair work.<br />

Customer-oriented<br />

Instead, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> uses special<br />

sintered hard metal sleeves that provide a much<br />

higher abrasion resistance. These sleeves<br />

wear down on one side but can be easily<br />

turned around. Users have to replace the<br />

sleeves only when both sides are worn.<br />

This requires much less maintenance<br />

compared with welding and results in<br />

considerably higher availability of the decanter.<br />

This ensures that wear on the solids discharge<br />

is manageable.<br />

25<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Explosion-Protected Centrifuges<br />

Centrifuges are used in the chemical industry<br />

for clarifying and separating readily flammable<br />

liquids. Theoretically, such applications can<br />

result in critical concentrations of solvent<br />

vapors and oxygen inside the centrifuge<br />

that can cause explosions or fires. However,<br />

the vapors must also be prevented from<br />

escaping so as not to pose a risk to the health<br />

of the operators. Both these risks can be<br />

prevented reliably by using gas-tight centrifuges<br />

from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>. No sparks,<br />

no static charges, no hot bearings – the test<br />

criteria of the strict European ATEX standard.<br />

In addition, before the start of operation, the<br />

centrifuge is purged with inert gas and blanketed<br />

with a slight excess pressure so that no further<br />

oxygen is able to penetrate. This is because<br />

fire is not possible without oxygen. When<br />

processing sensitive liquids, the necessary inert<br />

gas atmosphere in the separator is automatically<br />

monitored throughout the entire operation.<br />

Nothing is able to penetrate this barrier<br />

An essential design feature of the gas-tight<br />

separators from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> is<br />

the gas-tight sealing chamber that separates<br />

the drive area with the motor from the product<br />

chamber. This sealing chamber is blanketed<br />

with inert gas, and the connecting spindle<br />

is protected with dynamic special seals. The<br />

sealing chamber reliably prevents the solvent<br />

from passing from the product chamber to<br />

the drive area or into the surroundings. This<br />

makes it impossible for the solvent to dilute<br />

the oil, which would diminish its lubricating<br />

efficiency and thus pose a risk to the drive unit.<br />

26<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

The same is also true in reverse: no oil is able to<br />

penetrate the product chamber and thus have a<br />

negative impact on the quality of the valuable<br />

product.<br />

ATEX 95 (directive 94 / 9 EC)<br />

A directive for machines operating in hazardous<br />

surroundings has been in force in Europe since<br />

July 1, 2003. This affects numerous applications<br />

in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries,<br />

particularly where gas-tight machines are used.<br />

According to the directive, the first step is to carry<br />

out a risk assessment of the relevant machines to<br />

identify any present or potential risks.<br />

The measures are documented and the documentation<br />

is submitted to an Entitled Body. Specifically,<br />

this means that <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

centrifuges are now equipped with fail-safe<br />

vibration monitoring equipment. This includes<br />

a bearing temperature measurement as well as<br />

an inert gas supply unit. All electrical equipment<br />

must have been awarded an ATEX certificate or a<br />

manufacturer declaration. This directive is only<br />

applicable to new machines. A separate directive<br />

ATEX 137 (directive 1999 / 92 EC) is applicable<br />

for operators of installations in hazardous areas.<br />

Operators have also been obliged to carry out risk<br />

assessments for existing installations. Machines<br />

and installations must have been assessed by<br />

no later than January 1, 2006. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> offers support for assessing risks and,<br />

where reasonable, converting these centrifuges<br />

to the new standards.


<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> improves inert<br />

gas concept<br />

Requirements with regard to safety and<br />

reliability are becoming more stringent for<br />

separators and decanters used in zones with a<br />

risk of explosion. The existing inert gas concept is<br />

constantly improved to meet these requirements.<br />

The latest European standards, as well as <strong>GEA</strong><br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>’s practical operating<br />

experience, are incorporated in the concept.<br />

As has been the case, the atmosphere in the<br />

separator is displaced with inert gas before every<br />

start-up and the excess pressure is maintained<br />

during operation to meet the requirement for<br />

minimum inert gas consumption. The fittings<br />

and measuring devices used have been subjected<br />

to an extensive test and have also been optimized<br />

as far as investment costs are concerned. The new<br />

inert gas supply facility complies not only with<br />

the familiar directive 94 / 9 EC (ATEX) but also<br />

with the TA Luft, i. e., product leakages from the<br />

equipment are reduced to a minimum using<br />

state-of-the-art technology.<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> places great emphasis<br />

on complete and easy-to-understand operator<br />

documentation as well as a carefully performed<br />

conformity assessment procedure (CE symbol).<br />

The company also provides information<br />

concerning the correct installation of separators<br />

and decanters in zones that are exposed to the<br />

risk of explosion.<br />

27<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Special Materials<br />

It is important to select the correct material<br />

for components that come into contact with<br />

product, such as the bowl, scroll or disc stack.<br />

Strength, corrosion resistance and hygienic<br />

specifications are important criteria in this<br />

respect. In general, the quality of the material<br />

must increase as the requirements become<br />

more stringent. The standard material is<br />

stainless duplex steel, which has high strength<br />

and excellent corrosion resistance. On the<br />

other hand, super duplex steel is the preferred<br />

material for more complex applications. For<br />

particularly “tough” applications, <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> uses special alloys such as Incoloy 825,<br />

Titanium or Hastelloy C4. The load-bearing parts<br />

(bowl bottom, bowl top and bowl lock ring) can<br />

also be made of 1.4501 super duplex material.<br />

A genuine <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> speciality is<br />

the lining of solid wall bowls with Incoloy 825,<br />

Hastelloy C4 or even titanium palladium.<br />

In this process, sheets of the appropriate<br />

special material are incorporated in the<br />

bowl top and bowl bottom to ensure long<br />

corrosion protection. The load-bearing bowl parts<br />

however continue to be made with standard<br />

materials to permit high bowl speeds. This<br />

procedure has specific advantages. First, if<br />

necessary, the lining can be replaced. Second,<br />

the use of expensive special material is reduced<br />

to an absolute minimum.<br />

28<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

1. Inserting the lining in the bowl bottom<br />

2. Dye penetration test after welding the lining<br />

3. Bowl bottom with lining in place


Technology Center for Process Engineering -<br />

the Reliable Basis for Decision-Making<br />

Customer-specific tests in Central Process Engineering provide a basis<br />

for decision-making for all investments.<br />

No separation is identical with another. In<br />

many cases, it is necessary to perform a series<br />

of tests before the correct decision can be<br />

made for a specific installation. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> has set up the Central Process<br />

Engineering department for this purpose.<br />

Depending on the specific task involved, test<br />

series can be run with the customers original<br />

product in a mobile pilot installation on site or<br />

in the laboratory at <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>.<br />

The specification of the customer, along with<br />

operating temperature, throughput capacity,<br />

clarifying or separating efficiency and other<br />

factors constitute the information necessary<br />

to complete a reliable analysis. After every<br />

test series, the customer receives informative<br />

documentation in which the technical and<br />

economic data are detailed.<br />

Focus on investment protection<br />

The results from Central Process Engineering<br />

can be used to precisely identify what machine<br />

type and what model from <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong><br />

<strong>Separator</strong> are most suitable for the specific task.<br />

This procedure avoids poor investments right<br />

from the very beginning. The customer achieves<br />

a reliable basis on which he can make the correct<br />

investment decision.<br />

At a glance:<br />

Series of tests with the original customer<br />

products<br />

Conducted at the laboratory of<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> or in pilot<br />

installations on site<br />

Detailed test documentation<br />

Specific machine recommendation<br />

Detailed mass balance<br />

Total cost analysis<br />

29<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>


Ensuring Maximum Process Efficiency,<br />

Availability and Budget Security with<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> ® capitalcare<br />

The demands of the chemical industry are tough.<br />

Equipment must perform reliably, safely and<br />

at maximum efficiency all day, every day. As<br />

a DIN EN ISO 9001 company, we stand behind<br />

our products, our service and the quality of our<br />

work. Our commitment is to provide customers<br />

with the highest level of support available to<br />

maximize the productivity and longevity of their<br />

equipment.<br />

With <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> capitalcare,<br />

customers enjoy peace of mind and<br />

benefit from:<br />

Uninterrupted equipment performance<br />

Maximized plant productivity and profitability<br />

Maximized equipment utilization<br />

Minimized downtime<br />

Optimal equipment performance<br />

Enhanced plant and operator safety.<br />

30<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

A variety of service contract options are available<br />

to our customers. Contracts can include safety and<br />

performance audits, training of plant personnel,<br />

vibration and process monitoring and a spare<br />

parts inventory.<br />

Guaranteed parts from<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

Because centrifuges are subject to extreme<br />

operating conditions, safety is a critical issue. The<br />

use of anything other than genuine OEM parts<br />

introduces an uncontrolled source of weakness in<br />

an otherwise perfectly balanced machine.<br />

The quality and functionality of our parts is the<br />

result of extensive chemical analyses as well<br />

as tests of corrosion resistance, temperature<br />

extremes, hardness and surface tests, stress trials<br />

and goodness of fit – all to within miniscule<br />

tolerances. This ensures hours of trouble-free<br />

operation.


Services performed by specialists<br />

When normal equipment use results in wear and<br />

tear, we stand behind the quality of our repair<br />

services. <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> has trained<br />

mechanics on staff that have the proprietary<br />

knowledge to make the necessary repairs.<br />

In true emergencies, a response team can be<br />

quickly deployed to your facility. Spare bowl<br />

and scroll assemblies are readily available for<br />

your use, so process/production lines are not idle<br />

while repairs are underway. And when<br />

equipment needs to be repaired off-site, we<br />

offer two full service locations. Our brand new<br />

facility in Patterson, California was specifically<br />

developed to service customers based in<br />

western North America. Here, decanters and<br />

separators of all sizes can be repaired. There<br />

is also a large parts inventory and a specially<br />

designed training facility.<br />

Maximum availability<br />

Absolute budget reliability<br />

Permanent efficiency<br />

31<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

In addition to traditional<br />

services such as maintenance<br />

or repair, <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong><br />

capitalcare also provides<br />

solutions which avoid<br />

risk and with which the<br />

installation’s availability<br />

can be pro-actively assured.


Beverage Technology<br />

Dairy Technology<br />

Renewable Resources<br />

<strong>Chemical</strong> / Pharmaceutical Technology<br />

Marine<br />

Energy/Power<br />

Oil & Gas<br />

Environmental Technology<br />

Engineering<br />

Factory Reconditioned Machinery<br />

Original Manufacturer’s Service<br />

<strong>Westfalia</strong>, <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong>, varipond ® and wewatch ® are<br />

registered trademarks of <strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> GmbH.<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> Mechanical Equipment US, Inc.<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> Division<br />

Headquarters:<br />

100 Fairway Court<br />

Northvale, NJ 07647<br />

201-767-3900<br />

Midwest:<br />

725 Tollgate Road, Suite B<br />

Elgin, IL 60123<br />

630-503-4700<br />

South:<br />

4725 Lakeland Commerce Parkway, Suite 4<br />

Lakeland, FL 33805<br />

863-603-8900<br />

Southwest:<br />

2408 Timberloch Place, Suite C-4<br />

The Woodlands, TX 77380<br />

281-465-7900<br />

West Coast:<br />

Western Region Customer Support Center<br />

555 Baldwin Road<br />

Patterson, CA 95363<br />

209-895-6300<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> Mechanical Equipment Canada, Inc.<br />

<strong>GEA</strong> <strong>Westfalia</strong> <strong>Separator</strong> Canada Division<br />

835 Harrington Court<br />

Burlington, ON L7N 3P3<br />

289-288-5500<br />

Toll-Free: 800-722-6622<br />

24-Hour Technical Help: 800-509-9299<br />

www.wsus.com<br />

235X

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