Phenomics approach of the grape berry ripening - Plant Ontology Wiki
Phenomics approach of the grape berry ripening - Plant Ontology Wiki
Phenomics approach of the grape berry ripening - Plant Ontology Wiki
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<strong>Phenomics</strong> <strong>approach</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>grape</strong> <strong>berry</strong> <strong>ripening</strong><br />
<strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Ontology</strong> Workshop- September 14 th<br />
2012<br />
Laurent Deluc
Scope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research at<br />
OSU<br />
- Integrative <strong>approach</strong> to identify <strong>the</strong> mechanisms that govern<br />
<strong>grape</strong> <strong>berry</strong> <strong>ripening</strong><br />
Research<br />
Model<br />
A <strong>grape</strong> cluster transitioning an asynchronous state to a<br />
“uniform” state<br />
Onset <strong>of</strong> <strong>ripening</strong> (véraison)<br />
Maturity
The <strong>ripening</strong> transition or véraison<br />
QuickTime and a<br />
H.264 decompressor<br />
are needed to see this picture.<br />
http://blog.jordanwinery.com/2011/09/time-lapse-video-cabernet-sauvignon-<strong>grape</strong>-veraison/
The biological variability is assumed to disappear due to <strong>the</strong><br />
presence <strong>of</strong> a <strong>ripening</strong> plateau (conventional wisdom)<br />
Ripening state<br />
Red S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Pink S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Midvéraison<br />
Ripening plateau...<br />
Time<br />
Green S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Green Hard<br />
Maturity<br />
No scientific evidence to support this hypo<strong>the</strong>sis<br />
Green Hard<br />
Red S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Pink<br />
Green<br />
S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
?<br />
Senescen
Ripening state<br />
Questions about <strong>the</strong> fate <strong>of</strong> asynchronous cluster<br />
Red S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Pink S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Midvéraison<br />
Ripening plateau...<br />
2 Mechanism to<br />
catch up ?<br />
Green S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Green Hard<br />
Harve<br />
st<br />
Green Hard<br />
Green S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Red<br />
S<strong>of</strong>t Pink S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Time<br />
1Is<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>ripening</strong> asynchrony gone near<br />
harvest?<br />
2Is<br />
<strong>the</strong>re an active mechanism that enhances <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong><br />
underripe berries compared to riper <strong>berry</strong> classes<br />
1 Biological<br />
variability ?
Woodhall Experimental<br />
Station, Alpine - Summer<br />
2010<br />
t0<br />
GHV GSV PSV RSV<br />
Experimental Design<br />
Rows<br />
4 5<br />
6 <strong>Plant</strong>s + 6 backups<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
Only Primary Clusters<br />
<strong>of</strong> Pinot Noir<br />
Midvéraison (V50) Harvest (H)<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
Asynchronous cluster “Uniform” cluster<br />
Measurements: Sugar content, Pigment accumulation, <strong>berry</strong><br />
deformation<br />
Methods: ANOVA, PCA and canonical discriminant analyses<br />
t0 + 42 days<br />
GHH<br />
GSH PSH RSH
Transcriptional variability among three <strong>berry</strong> classes (Green<br />
S<strong>of</strong>t, Pink S<strong>of</strong>t and Red S<strong>of</strong>t) at V50 and maturity (H)<br />
- using whole genome arrays (29,972 genes)<br />
1,586 genes<br />
at V50<br />
GSV50<br />
Pulp<br />
V50<br />
2<br />
PSV50<br />
RSV50<br />
1,126 genes<br />
at V50<br />
Skin<br />
4<br />
GSH<br />
PSH<br />
Harvest<br />
476 genes<br />
at V50 4<br />
RSH<br />
Seed<br />
Big circle Small circle<br />
- Transcriptional variability is also reduced near<br />
harvest<br />
Gouthu et al., 2012, in preparation
Ripening state<br />
Questions about <strong>the</strong> fate <strong>of</strong> asynchronous<br />
Red S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Pink S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Midvéraison<br />
cluster<br />
Ripening plateau...<br />
2 Mechanism to<br />
catch up ?<br />
Time<br />
Green S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Green Hard<br />
Harve<br />
st<br />
Green Hard<br />
Green S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Red<br />
S<strong>of</strong>t Pink S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
2Is<br />
<strong>the</strong>re an active mechanism that enhances <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong><br />
underripe berries compared to riper <strong>berry</strong> classes
Monitoring sugar and color pigment from V50 to H<br />
Midvéraison (V50)<br />
GHV GSV PSV RSV GHH GSH PSH RSH<br />
360 berries<br />
for each<br />
class<br />
V50<br />
Sampling<br />
V50<br />
V50+<br />
1WK<br />
V50+<br />
2WK<br />
V50+<br />
3WK<br />
GH: Green Hard<br />
GS: Green S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
PS: Pink S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
RS: Red S<strong>of</strong>t<br />
V50+<br />
4WK<br />
Tagging for time course<br />
sampling<br />
-<br />
V50+<br />
5WK<br />
V50+<br />
6WK<br />
O O O O<br />
O O<br />
H<br />
Harvest<br />
360 berries<br />
for each<br />
class<br />
Harvest<br />
Sampling
GH class<br />
GS class<br />
PS class<br />
RS class<br />
Rate <strong>of</strong> sugar and Pigment accumulation<br />
V50<br />
GH GS<br />
Brix Rate<br />
PS RS RS+1WKRS+2WK<br />
0.30U/d 0.26U/d<br />
0.42U/d<br />
0.50U/d 0.41U/d<br />
0.39U/d<br />
0.61U/d<br />
0.39U/d<br />
0.35U/d<br />
0.19U/d<br />
0.63U/d<br />
0.38U/d<br />
0.31U/d<br />
0.27U/d<br />
Comparable <strong>ripening</strong> window for <strong>the</strong><br />
4 <strong>berry</strong> classes<br />
When underripe berries have reached equivalent <strong>ripening</strong><br />
state <strong>of</strong> véraison Red S<strong>of</strong>t berries, <strong>the</strong>y have a higher rate <strong>of</strong><br />
sugar accumulation<br />
Similar results found for <strong>the</strong> pigment accumulation
Outcomes<br />
- Dramatic reduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> biological variability (metabolic and<br />
transcriptional)<br />
- Ripening enhancement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underripe berries compared to<br />
more advanced<br />
- Evidence <strong>of</strong> enhanced transcriptional rate for genes that were<br />
found synchronized<br />
Some future directions<br />
Systems biology <strong>approach</strong>: epigenetics, regulatory and<br />
signaling networks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> synchronization<br />
Phenotyping <strong>approach</strong>: development <strong>of</strong> new traits to describe<br />
<strong>the</strong> enhancement with non destructive measurement<br />
Imaging tools to capture <strong>the</strong> fruit growth and <strong>ripening</strong> (IR,<br />
temperature surface, etc....)
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