Energy Storage On Islands: A sustainable energy future ... - Eurelectric
Energy Storage On Islands: A sustainable energy future ... - Eurelectric
Energy Storage On Islands: A sustainable energy future ... - Eurelectric
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Irene Fastelli<br />
Enel Ingegneria & Ricerca<br />
EURELECTRIC Brussels 03/10/2012<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> <strong>On</strong> <strong>Islands</strong>:<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> <strong>On</strong> <strong>Islands</strong>:<br />
A <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>energy</strong> <strong>future</strong> for islands<br />
Agenda<br />
1. <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems Outlook<br />
A <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>energy</strong> <strong>future</strong> for islands<br />
2. Technical-Economical Issues on the Implementation of <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Systems on <strong>Islands</strong><br />
3. Demo Project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
4. Demo Project: Ventotene<br />
5. Conclusions<br />
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Enel footprint<br />
Focus on major areas of presence<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems Outlook<br />
Enel approach<br />
Shortlist of<br />
“opportunities” for<br />
storage systems<br />
• T&D curtailment<br />
• Time-shifting<br />
• Forecast hedging<br />
• Frequency control<br />
• Voltage control<br />
• Ancillary services<br />
Modeling, technical feasibility<br />
Economic, environmental<br />
aspects<br />
• Revenues<br />
• Industrial maturity<br />
• Operating constraints<br />
• Environmental impact<br />
• Public acceptability<br />
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Experimental validation<br />
• O&M costs<br />
• Key Performance Factors<br />
• Service life<br />
• Best practices<br />
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<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems Outlook<br />
Source: Sandia National Laboratories<br />
Canary Island Project<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> <strong>On</strong> <strong>Islands</strong>:<br />
A <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>energy</strong> <strong>future</strong> for islands<br />
Agenda<br />
1. <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems Outlook<br />
Ventotene Project<br />
2. Technical-Economical Issues on the Implementation of <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Systems on <strong>Islands</strong><br />
3. Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
4. Demo project: Ventotene<br />
5. Conclusions<br />
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<strong>Islands</strong> main peculiarities<br />
Even bigger islands are often not connected to the<br />
mainland, hence self-reliability is a must<br />
Power generation has costs that can reach 3 times<br />
mainland plants<br />
Even small quantity of renewable generation can lead to<br />
grid unstability (lower grid inertia due to small size)<br />
Very high seasonal load variation possible (summer<br />
tourism)<br />
Strong constraints for new buildings/plants<br />
High incentives for renewables in some countries<br />
<strong>Storage</strong> systems on islands<br />
Main drivers<br />
Support renewable integration<br />
•Increase of renewable hosting capacity<br />
•Optimization of electric supply<br />
•Decrease of average cost of electricity<br />
Grid stability support<br />
•Increase of grid self-reliability<br />
•Frequency regulation<br />
•Voltage support<br />
•Outages prevention and response<br />
Conventional generation optimization<br />
• Optimize conventional generation operation for fuel saving and<br />
emission abatement<br />
• Life extension of conventional assets<br />
• Optimization of reserve assets<br />
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<strong>Storage</strong> systems on islands<br />
Technical assessment methodology<br />
1. Evaluation of current critical events<br />
• Saturation index<br />
Number of events with more than 50% of island load fed by RES generators demanding<br />
dynamic requirements<br />
• Stress index<br />
Frequency of events with high fluctuations in conventional generators operating point <br />
frequency regulation demanding requirements<br />
2. Evaluation of storage contribution to grid stability<br />
• Capability to take up <strong>energy</strong> from the grid to decrease the RES production percentage Grid<br />
operation guaranteed by conventional generators<br />
• Capability to provide frequency and voltage regulation services<br />
3. Definition of minimum storage key performance indicators<br />
4. Optimization of storage size and location by Enel expert system application<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> <strong>On</strong> <strong>Islands</strong>:<br />
A <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>energy</strong> <strong>future</strong> for islands<br />
Agenda<br />
1. <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems Outlook<br />
2. Technical-Economical Issues on the Implementation of <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Systems on <strong>Islands</strong><br />
3. Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
4. Demo project: Ventotene<br />
5. Conclusions<br />
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Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
• Canaries are a Spanish archipelago of about 7500 km2<br />
(pop. > 2 Millions + 10 millions tourists per year),<br />
located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa<br />
• The islands include: Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran<br />
Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro, La<br />
Graciosa, etc..<br />
• The islands electric system is quite complex, with HT<br />
and MT lines, 5 insular electrical systems, very<br />
difficult to interconnect<br />
• Electricity generation based on fossil fuels, (relatively<br />
small power stations) with an installed power of more<br />
than 2 GWp + more than 250 MWp of onshore wind<br />
and distributed PV.<br />
Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
Canary <strong>Islands</strong> are an attractive scenario to develop storage technologies that allow<br />
an efficient power system management, in order to mitigate fluctuations and other inefficiencies and<br />
problems (grid saturation problems, outages, etc.) that the increasing penetration of renewable <strong>energy</strong><br />
generation may cause.<br />
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Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
Wind - Pumped Hydro project<br />
El Hierro Island – UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 2000<br />
Wind power: 11,5 MW<br />
Hydro generation: 11 MW<br />
Pumping: 6 MW<br />
The facility is expected to be completed by the end of 2012 and operating by March 2013<br />
• At present El Hierro electricity (peak demand 7.5MW) is supplied by 12 MW diesel<br />
plant with high electricity cost<br />
• Wind <strong>energy</strong> costs on average are three times lower<br />
Grid stability is guaranteed by the continuous operation of the hydraulic group<br />
Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
STORE Project main activities<br />
Optimal storage technologies identification<br />
Procurement and installation of:<br />
Li-ion Technology – 1MW, 3MWh<br />
Installation in Gran Canaria to replace peak<br />
generation, voltage support, load leveling, etc.<br />
Flywheel Technology- 500kW, 36sec.<br />
Installation in La Gomera for frequency regulation<br />
UC Technology – 4MW, 5sec<br />
Integration in diesel power station in La Palma<br />
(fast event response)<br />
Battery-grid simulations<br />
Development of optimal management strategies<br />
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Li-Ion Battery<br />
1MW/3MWh<br />
Flywheel<br />
500kW/18MWs<br />
Ultracapacitor<br />
4MW/20MWs<br />
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Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
STORE Project Objectives<br />
Reduce peak demand in the distribution network, replacing the high fuel cost -<br />
peak generation plants with the <strong>energy</strong> stored in the battery.<br />
Optimization of the <strong>energy</strong> storage operating cycle to enhance global island<br />
<strong>energy</strong> management.<br />
Search of optimal siting of the ESS in weak grid points, in order to achieve<br />
investment deferrals and lower grid saturation problems.<br />
Improve service quality on isolated grids (i.e. supply and quality of service during<br />
maintenance or repair of other generators), protecting lines and essential loads.<br />
Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
STORE Project – Gran Canaria<br />
Li-Ion Battery<br />
1MW/3MWh<br />
Battery system will be installed by the end of 2012 and operating by spring 2013<br />
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Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
STORE Project - La Gomera<br />
0.5 MW (36 sec) Flywheel system will be<br />
installed by March 2013, for frequency<br />
regulation issues<br />
Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
STORE Project - La Palma<br />
Unit 13 shut down simulations<br />
• 34% generation lost (6.4MW)<br />
• Low demand period (19MW…peak period around 37MW)<br />
Location<br />
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• Los Guinchos diesel power station<br />
• La Palma, Canary islands<br />
Grid Connection<br />
• 30 kV level bars in power station<br />
UC system will be operating by the end of 2012<br />
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<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> <strong>On</strong> <strong>Islands</strong>:<br />
A <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>energy</strong> <strong>future</strong> for islands<br />
Agenda<br />
1. <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems Outlook<br />
2. Technical-Economical Issues on the Implementation of <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Systems on <strong>Islands</strong><br />
3. Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
4. Demo project: Ventotene<br />
5. Conclusions<br />
Demo project: Ventotene<br />
• Ventotene is a small island of 1.89 km2 sited in<br />
the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 50 km off the coast<br />
of the border between Lazio and Campania.<br />
• The island of volcanic origin is part of the<br />
Pontine archipelago.<br />
• Stable population is about 750, but can rise<br />
tenfold during summer season.<br />
• The island electric system has 4 diesel<br />
engines (600 kVA each) and a MT ring, but<br />
60% of the loads are connected directly on BT<br />
lines to the generation plant.<br />
• Increase of residential PV plants have<br />
caused grid stability problems (frequency,<br />
voltage, etc.)<br />
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Power [kW]<br />
Demo project: Ventotene<br />
Optimization of island grid operation through storage system services, to decrease environmental<br />
Load<br />
Diesel operation<br />
without storage<br />
impact and fuel consumption and enhance grid stability<br />
Time [15 mins]<br />
Diesel operation<br />
with storage<br />
PV production<br />
<strong>Storage</strong> duty<br />
cycle<br />
• Conceptually the ESS is seen as a generation asset<br />
<strong>Storage</strong> managed to operate<br />
diesel generators in the maximum<br />
efficiency operating range<br />
• System design, calculated by mean of model simulations, has been optimized for synergies in<br />
the grid operation as well as best solution for investment/savings<br />
Demo project: Ventotene<br />
Li-ion battery<br />
• Power 300 kW<br />
• Capacity 600 kWh<br />
• Direct connection to LV grid<br />
Besides the diesel engines operation optimization, in Ventotene<br />
the ESS will be advantageously used for:<br />
• Black-start for blackout recovery<br />
• Temporary service hold in case of one or more diesel generator<br />
faults<br />
Battery system will be operating by the end of 2013<br />
• Support to frequency and voltage regulation<br />
• Enhancing renewable hosting capacity of the isolated network<br />
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New Ventotene<br />
generation assets layout<br />
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<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> <strong>On</strong> <strong>Islands</strong>:<br />
A <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>energy</strong> <strong>future</strong> for islands<br />
Agenda<br />
1. <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems Outlook<br />
2. Technical-Economical Issues on the Implementation of <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Systems on <strong>Islands</strong><br />
3. Demo project: Canary <strong>Islands</strong><br />
4. Demo project: Ventotene<br />
5. Conclusions<br />
Conclusions<br />
• Small and medium size islands, especially in tourist areas (Mediterranean Sea) have<br />
unique generation/load/grid characteristics and high operational costs.<br />
• <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Systems (Batteries), even if they do not constitute the main choice<br />
(by size) on mainland so far, may represent an interesting asset for enhancing<br />
islands grid reliability and reducing costs altogether<br />
• Even a relatively small size ESS can actually improve fuel savings and quality of<br />
electricity supply to customers.<br />
• ENEL is involved in projects aimed to demonstrate the technical-economical feasibility<br />
of using ESSs on small/medium size islands<br />
• The initiatives can be applied to other minor islands to increase touristic areas<br />
sustainability<br />
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