37TH EDITION EURPROG 2009 - Eurelectric

STATISTICS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE 

EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR 

37TH EDITION EURPROG 2009 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

A EURELECTRIC statistics report 

OCTOBER 2009

The Union of the Electricity Industry–EURELECTRIC is the sector association representing the common 

interests of the electricity industry at pan-European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. 

In line with its mission, EURELECTRIC seeks to contribute to the competitiveness of the electricity industry, to 

provide effective representation for the industry in public affairs, and to promote the role of electricity both in the 

advancement of society and in helping provide solutions to the challenges of sustainable development. 

EURELECTRIC’s formal opinions, policy positions and reports are formulated in Working Groups, composed of 

experts from the electricity industry, supervised by five Committees. This “structure of expertise” ensures that 

EURELECTRIC’s published documents are based on high-quality input with up-to-date information. 

For further information on EURELECTRIC activities, visit our website, which provides general information on the 

association and on policy issues relevant to the electricity industry; latest news of our activities; EURELECTRIC 

positions and statements; a publications catalogue listing EURELECTRIC reports; and information on our events and 

conferences. 

EURELECTRIC pursues in all its activities the application 

of the following sustainable development values: 

Economic Development 

Growth, added-value, efficiency 

Environmental Leadership 

Commitment, innovation, pro-activeness 

Social Responsibility 

Transparency, ethics, accountability

Statistics and Prospects for the 

European Electricity Sector 

(1980-2000, 2006, 2007, 2010- 

2030) 

37th Edition EURPROG 2009 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

NETWORK OF EXPERTS Statistics & Prospects 

Andy Papageorgi (CY) Chair 

Amira Ademovic (BA); Christian Bantle (DE); Manuela Brea (ES); Christoph Buenger (CH); 

Janet Coley (GB); Ljubica Cvenic (HR); Maria De lurdes baia (PT); Barbara Dekleva jencic (SI); 

Roby Gengler (LU); Agnes Gerse (HU); Giorgiana Giosanu (RO); Michael Guldbaek Arentsen 

(DK); Steven Harlem (BE); Christian Hennerbichler (AT); Niina Honkasalo (FI); Doron Ishar (IL); 

Mieczyslaw Kwiatkowski (PL); Aquilino Lobo Panizo (ES); Donal Lucey (IE); Ljiljana Mitrusic 

(RS); Marios Moschovits (GR); Habib Nasri (TN); Michael Nickel (DE); P. Penkov (BG); Arne 

Pettersen (NO); Vladimir Prochazka (CZ); Giancarlo Scorsoni (IT); Gulsun Sezgin (TR); Anders 

Sjogren (SE); Jômaâ Souissi (TN); Timo Tatar (EE); Joseph Vassallo (MT); Berno Veldkamp 

(NL); Edijs Vesperis (LV) 

Contact: 

Juho Lipponen – jlipponen@eurelectric.org 

Arta Denina – adenina@eurelectric.org 

Giuseppe Lorubio – glorubio@eurelectric.org 

"This report is based on the estimations provided by the EURPROG group of Experts. The 

report should not be regarded as the definitive position of the background and prospects against 

which the individual country companies helping with its compilation base their business 

planning. While EURELECTRIC has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this report no 

representation, expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy or completeness of the 

information contained in this report. It is recommended not to base investments on the contents 

of this report and if investments are to be considered it is advisable to seek detailed feasibility 

studies and advice from appropriate sources."

CONTENTS 

Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................1 

I. General Information..............................................................................................................................6 

1.1 Foreword .......................................................................................................................................6 

1.2 Trends in general economic indicators .........................................................................................7 

1.2.2 Breakdown of GDP ...............................................................................................................7 

1.2.3 Population..........................................................................................................................15 

1.3 General presentation of the Electricity Industry.........................................................................16 

1.4 Comments ...................................................................................................................................18 

II. Demand ..............................................................................................................................................37 

2.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ...............................................................................................37 

2.2 Sectoral Breakdown ....................................................................................................................46 

2.3 Customers ...................................................................................................................................53 

2.4 Comment.....................................................................................................................................58 

III. Supply ................................................................................................................................................62 

3.1A Generation Equipment - Capacity By Primary Energy ..............................................................62 

3.1B Generation Equipment - Capacity By Technology ....................................................................79 

3.1.3 CHP Capacity by Fuel..........................................................................................................87 

3.2 Evolution of generation Equipment ............................................................................................98 

3.2.1 New Capacities...................................................................................................................98 

3.3 Electricity production ............................................................................................................... 108 

3.3.1 Annual production .......................................................................................................... 108 

3.4 Comments ................................................................................................................................ 139 

IV. Balances ......................................................................................................................................... 143 

4.1 Capacity .................................................................................................................................... 143 

4.2 Electricity balances................................................................................................................... 149 

4.3 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) .......................................................................................................... 155 

4.4 Comments ................................................................................................................................ 166 

V. Environment.................................................................................................................................... 169 

5.1 Fuel consumption for electricity generation............................................................................ 169 

5.2 Emissions.................................................................................................................................. 176 

5.3 Comments ................................................................................................................................ 180 

Annex 1: List of contributing organisations

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

This is the thirty-seventh edition of the report earlier called EURPROG, now entitled ‘Statistics and 

Prospects for the European Electricity Sector’. It contains historical referenced data for the years 1980, 

1990, 2000, 2006, 2007, plus forecasts for the years 2010, 2020 and 2030, on: 

• The structure of the electricity industry 

• Trends in general economic indicators 

• Peak demand and load management 

• Medium and long term prospects for power generation 

• Electricity consumption by sector 

• Energy balance for electricity 

• Fuel consumption in and emissions from the electricity sector 

While the data is relatively comprehensive until 2020, it must be noted that the available 2030 data is 

rather patchy, and therefore the following summary focuses on the present situation and forward within 

the 2020 horizon. It is our aim to develop greater visibility towards the future, and we therefore hope to 

publish a more reliable set of forward data in next year’s report. 

As some contributions from our statistics experts contain gaps, it has been necessary to draw on some 

external sources such as UCTE, UNFCCC, national TSOs etc, in order to obtain a coherent set of data. Based 

on the submissions, we are able to highlight trends and developments in Europe’s power sector, which are 

set out in the following sections. 

Power generation capacity 

A mixed portfolio 

Europe boasts a varied mix of power generation technologies, nearly half of its generation fleet being 

composed of low-carbon equipment. Such a balanced mix of technologies is indispensable to 

simultaneously ensure supply security and achieve the strategic objectives laid down in EU energy policy. 

The table below shows Europe’s generating capacity (MW) by primary energy: 

2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 

NUCLEAR 136,847 133,228 133,005 128,776 119,487 

CONVENTIONAL THERMAL 390,498 423,118 441,716 445,726 485,174 

HYDRO 135,468 140,179 140,772 143,172 156,334 

OTHER RENEWABLES 21,127 67,808 76,591 105,391 203,658 

NOT SPECIFIED 2,642 11,156 2,884 8,941 11,554 

TOTAL 686,582 775,489 794,935 836,372 982,400 

Generating capacity increased by only 2.5% between 2006 and 2007, from 775.5 GW to 794.9 GW. As 

shown in the above table, the major percentage increase was registered in the renewable energy sector, 

with more than 8.8 GW of new generation capacity coming on stream (up 13% on 2006). This development 

was mainly in wind, both on-shore and off-shore, and to some extent in solar installations. As regards fossilfuel-fired 

capacity, 2007 saw some 18.6 GW come on stream, a modest percentage increase of 4% 

compared to 2006, mainly through growth in gas-fired plants. There was a marked decline in oil-fired and 

2009-180-0004 1 

October 2009

coal-fired plants, while nuclear and hydropower generation saw only slight adjustments, remaining roughly 

the same as the year before. 

Looking back over the 2000-2007 period, we see impressive growth in new renewable energy capacity, 

which increased by 55 GW, from 21 GW to more than 76 GW in only seven years, a rise of more than 250%, 

largely due to the growth in wind capacity. In the same period we record a more modest 13% increase, 

from 390 GW to 441 GW, in fossil fuel-fired capacity, which nevertheless still forms the backbone of 

Europe’s power generating equipment. 

Growth of low-carbon capacity 

Looking at the forecast for the year 2020, we see that the expected growth in total capacity of 24% 

compared to 2007, to reach close to 1,000 GW of installed capacity, will be driven mainly by renewable 

energy sources (RES), including hydro power, and fossil-fuel-fired (mainly gas-fired) plants, while nuclear 

capacity will progressively decline under current policy assumptions 1 . 

Under current scenarios, half of all electricity production capacity will be based on low-carbon technologies 

by 2020, with a growing share coming from renewable energies, above all wind, with off-shore wind 

capacity roughly thirty times as high in 2020 as 2007, on-shore wind more than doubling, solar capacity 

three times higher and biomass twice as high. 

The charts below display the percentage breakdown of generating capacity by fuel in the EU-27 between 

2000 and 2020. 

HYDRO 

20% 

OTHER RES 

3% 

2000 

NOT 

SPECIFIED 

0% 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

57% 

2007 

NUCLEAR 

20% 

NOT 

SPECIFIED 

OTHER RES 

10 % 

HYDRO 

18 % 

0% 

NUCLEAR 

17 % 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

55% 

HYDRO 

16 % 

1 Nuclear policies are currently under review in a number of European countries, and the trends in nuclear 

investment could change. Countries where nuclear policies are being or might be reviewed are Germany (following 

Federal elections in September 2009), Belgium and Sweden. New nuclear generation could also come on stream in 

Italy and Poland by 2020. 

2009-180-0004 2 

October 2009 

2006 

NOT 

SPECIFIED 

OTHER RES 

1% 

9% 

HYDRO 

18 % 

2020 

NOT 

SPECIFIED 

OTHER RES 

1% 

21% 

NUCLEAR 

17 % 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

55% 

NUCLEAR 

12 % 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

50%

Power production 

Stabilising demand 2007-2008 

Electricity production in the EU-27 countries increased only slightly between 2006 and 2007, from 3,194 

TWh to 3,213 TWh and according to early statistics available for 2008, demand remained at 2007 levels for 

that year. Some 55%, i.e. 1,779 TWh, came from conventional thermal production. This figure is some 65 

TWh higher than 2006. In contrast, nuclear power production totalled some 55 TWh lower in 2007 than 

2006. RES-power production increased by some 32 TWh, nearly all of this attributable to new renewable 

energy sources, as hydro power production remained constant. 

Taking a look further back to the year 2000, EU-27 power production increased by over 11% to 2007, from 

2,878 TWh to 3,213 TWh. While conventional thermal power retained its share of the power generation 

mix, changes occurred in the proportions of non-CO2-emitting production. The nuclear share decreased, 

whereas new RES increased their share from 2% to 6%. In absolute terms, power production from new 

renewable sources tripled from some 67 TWh to 198 TWh during this period. 

Towards greener power production 2007-2020 

The trend towards less-CO2-intensive power production is set to continue under the new EU legislative 

framework, with an emissions cap and newly-agreed RES targets 2 . Looking towards 2020, we can point out 

certain trends. Firstly, Europe’s power demand and generation will continue to increase. Total power 

generation in the EU27 is likely to reach over 3,800 TWh by 2020. Highest growth is foreseen in new 

renewable energy, which will more than double in absolute terms in the space of thirteen years, from 198 

TWh in 2007 to 530 TWh in 2020. While nuclear power production will remain constant in absolute terms, 

its share of the generation mix will, under present policy assumptions, fall from the current 28% to some 

22%. While conventional thermal production is still likely to increase, especially gas-fired power, its overall 

share is set to fall from 55% to 52%. 

The following table represents Europe’s electricity production by primary energy (expressed in TWh): 

2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 

NUCLEAR 895.8 939.2 884.6 917.0 861.5 

CONVENTIONAL THERMAL 1,527.3 1,713.1 1,779.1 1,738.8 1,994.0 

HYDRO 379.9 335.9 335.4 371.0 401.0 

OTHER RES 66.9 165.8 197.6 261.9 530.3 

NOT SPECIFIED 15.1 37.8 17.1 28.6 34.2 

TOTAL 2,878.0 3,194.3 3,213.1 3,319.1 3,821.4 

2 NOTE: This year’s edition of EURPROG falls in an interim period in which EU Member States are devising strategies 

on how to reach their RES targets. Not all the plans are clear at this stage, and consequently the figures may not 

fully take account of upcoming policy changes. 

2009-180-0004 3 


HYDRO 

13 % 

2000 

OTHER RES 

2% 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

53% 

OTHER RES 

6% 

HYDRO 

10 % 

2007 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

55% 

Electricity sector emissions (kt) 

NOT 

SPECIFIED 

1% 

NOT 

SPECIFIED 

1% 

NUCLEAR 

31% 

NUCLEAR 

28% 

2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 5,834.2 4,103.1 4,141.8 2,154.9 1,297.9 

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 2,122.0 1,658.1 1,614.5 1,389.4 984.6 

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1,112,569.0 1,190,243.0 1,253,827.6 N/A N/A 

Electricity sector SO2 emissions have decreased dramatically since the 1980s (when they peaked at over 16 

Mt). Reductions in sulphur dioxide have been remarkable even during the new millennium, as emissions fell 

from 5.8 Mt in 2000 to 4.1 Mt in 2007, though remaining constant between 2006 and 2007. 

The sector also reduced its NOx emissions during the first few years of the new millennium, from some 2 

Mt in 2000 to 1.6 Mt in 2007. 

Regarding power sector carbon dioxide emissions, our figures show that absolute emissions increased 

slightly between 2000 and 2007, from 1,100 Mt to 1,250 Mt. However, as total power production increased 

during the same period, CO2 emissions per kWh remained constant, at a level of just below 400g CO2 per 

kWh produced. 

It is noteworthy that total power sector emissions have decreased across the 1990-2007 period. According 

to the European Environment Agency, CO2 emissions from power and heat production fell by some 7% from 

the 1990 baseline 3 . 

3 EEA Energy and Environment Report 2008 

OTHER RES 

5% 

HYDRO 

11% 

OTHER RES 

14 % 

HYDRO 

10 % 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

54% 

2009-180-0004 4 


2006 

NOT 

SPECIFIED 

1% 

2020 

NOT 

SP ECIFIED 

1% 

CONVENTIO 

NAL 

THERMAL 

52% 

NUCLEAR 

29% 

NUCLEAR 

23%

Specific emissions per kWh decreased significantly during the 1980-2007 period, from approximately 540g 

of CO2 in 1980. This is due to fuel switching from coal to gas, increases in power plant efficiency and the rise 

of renewable energy. 

Unfortunately, because of gaps in the data available, we are not able to offer a forecast of future emissions 

in this report. With the technological shift driven by putting a price on CO2 emissions, emissions are set to 

fall significantly in the coming decades. The use of renewable energy will continue to drive down emissions, 

and significant reductions are also expected from the advent of carbon capture and storage technologies 

and the continuing use of nuclear power, especially during the 2025-2035 timeframe. 

During 2009, the European electricity industry set out its vision for attaining a low-carbon power supply by 

2050 and undertook a project - the EURELECTRIC Power Choices Study – to investigate how this can be 

achieved. The modelling exercise shows specific CO2 emissions per kWh falling from the current 390g to just 

one tenth of that figure, i.e. 40g of CO2 per kWh 4 if the necessary policy measures are put in place. 

4 EURELECTRIC “Power Choices” report, forthcoming by end-2009. 

2009-180-0004 5 


1.1 Foreword 

I. GENERAL INFORMATION 

This is the thirty-seventh edition of the report earlier called EURPROG, now entitled “Statistics and 

Prospects for the European Electricity sector”. It contains historical referenced data for the years 

1980,1990, 2000, 2006, 2007 as well as forecast for the years 2010, 2020 and 2030, concerning: 

• The structure of the electricity industry 

• Trends in general economic indicators 

• Peak demand and load management 

• Medium and long term generating prospects 

• Sectoral electricity consumption 

• Energy Balance for electricity 

• Fuel consumption in and emissions from the electricity sector 

The data contained in this report has been supplied by the electricity undertakings or organisations listed 

on page 4. They represent the situation and prospects as perceived by each country. Furthermore, the 

figures are not necessarily official national forecasts (by governments or electricity associations) but may be 

considered as “best engineering estimates” of the group members, based on a yearly updated picture of 

the planning and forecast situation in each country. It is important to ensure that good-quality data is 

gathered on time. With the liberalisation of the electricity sector, the challenges of gathering statistics 

increase, as the availability of data becomes an issue more and more often. 

Statistical analysis of the European electricity industry and supply security is also being done by UCTE. 

Please see end of this report for a short description of the UCTE exercise and its relation to work done in 

EURELECTRIC. 

2009-180-0004 6 


1.2 Trends in general economic indicators 

1.2.2 Breakdown of GDP 

Table 1.2.2.1 Breakdown of GDP (Billion EURO at the 2000 

price level and exchange rate) 

AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 6.2 5.3 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 

Industry 41.8 46.2 57.4 62.4 66.2 65.4 83.2 

Transport & Services 68.3 92.2 125.4 144.2 147.5 145.7 185.0 

Total Value Added 116.2 143.7 186.6 210.2 217.6 214.8 272.0 

Gross Domestic Product 130.6 161.7 207.5 232.3 240.6 237.5 300.8 

Private Final Consumption 

Expenditure 72.6 89.0 110.9 123.0 124.5 122.9 155.7 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 36.0 40.5 50.8 52.4 55.0 54.3 68.8 



BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.1 2.5 2.6 

Industry 60.5 64.6 66.4 

Transport & Services 160.3 182.5 187.3 

Total Value Added 223.8 249.6 256.3 250.6 

Gross Domestic Product 147.9 180.5 251.7 280.9 288.7 281.0 


Expenditure 81.0 98.7 135.7 146.1 149.1 148.8 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 33.7 42.2 52.4 61.2 65.0 62.8 



BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.3 2.4 4.1 

Industry 3.6 5.2 5.9 5.7 9.6 15.0 

Transport & Services 6.8 9.3 10.0 11.4 19.9 31.6 




Expenditure 10.5 20.7 14.9 15.7 16.5 23.4 30.0 




CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Industry 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 

Transport & Services 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.5 

Total Value Added 9.3 11.4 11.6 13.2 

Gross Domestic Product 10.1 12.3 12.6 14.2 


Expenditure 6.5 8.1 8.6 9.6 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 1.7 2.4 2.6 2.8 

2009-180-0004 7 




CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.3 4.8 5.1 3.5 4.0 6.4 

Industry 25.3 32.5 34.8 33.6 42.8 69.0 


Total Value Added 62.3 79.5 85.1 85.4 121.2 177.4 



Expenditure 36.4 47.3 50.6 51.7 73.2 102.0 




GERMANY 

Tab 1.2.1 1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 18.6 22.7 23.5 17.9 20.0 21.0 22.0 22.0 

Industry 442.7 511.0 561.6 619.2 659.3 600.0 650.0 720.0 

Transport & Services 727.4 964.6 1,271.2 1,456.2 1,491.9 1,449.0 1,728.0 2,008.0 

Total Value Added 1,188.7 1,498.3 1,856.3 2,093.3 2,171.2 2,070.0 2,400.0 2,750.0 

Gross Domestic Product 1,275.0 1,592.4 2,062.5 2,187.9 2,241.7 2,110.0 2,450.0 2,800.0 


Expenditure 458.7 726.6 1,214.2 1,244.4 1,239.8 1,200.0 1,380.0 1,600.0 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 185.5 278.3 442.4 440.1 459.2 430.0 495.0 525.0 



DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 2.0 2.7 3.9 3.4 2.7 3.0 3.8 4.6 

Industry 20.9 23.9 31.6 31.5 31.6 30.0 35.7 44.0 

Transport & Services 78.7 91.9 113.6 125.9 129.3 131.5 155.1 188.3 

Total Value Added 101.6 118.5 149.0 160.8 163.7 164.5 194.5 237.0 

Gross Domestic Product 


120.5 138.8 173.6 190.9 194.1 194.9 227.1 273.0 

Expenditure 66.1 71.9 82.7 96.4 98.7 100.9 119.9 147.6 




ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Industry 1.5 1.9 2.1 


Total Value Added 5.4 8.7 9.2 

Gross Domestic Product 6.1 9.8 10.5 


Expenditure 3.4 5.8 6.3 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 1.6 4.4 5.0 

2009-180-0004 8 




SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 28.4 27.2 25.0 22.5 23.2 23.9 26.1 25.5 

Industry 107.7 131.3 166.8 196.8 202.4 222.2 289.8 361.8 


Total Value Added 354.5 445.7 570.6 690.1 717.9 779.2 1,015.4 1,266.9 

Gross Domestic Product 365.4 487.3 630.3 768.9 797.3 868.8 1,134.6 1,418.7 


Expenditure 234.6 296.0 376.0 468.6 485.7 529.6 691.8 865.4 




FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.7 

Industry 20.0 26.9 38.8 50.2 54.3 

Transport & Services 44.2 61.7 72.3 81.5 83.3 

Total Value Added 69.3 93.0 115.2 135.3 141.4 

Gross Domestic Product 80.8 108.9 132.3 157.0 164.0 


Expenditure 41.2 58.1 65.4 79.7 82.3 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 19.0 27.7 25.4 30.2 32.9 



FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 29.1 30.2 36.6 46.6 52.8 59.3 

Industry 185.4 250.4 295.6 400.8 486.4 580.5 

Transport & Services 564.2 774.2 958.5 1,148.5 1,464.1 1,826.3 

Total Value Added 778.7 1,054.8 1,290.7 1,595.9 2,003.4 2,466.1 

Gross Domestic Product 878.1 1,181.2 1,441.4 1,729.0 2,170.4 2,671.8 


Expenditure 505.7 664.0 783.9 976.6 1,226.0 1,509.1 




UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 12.8 16.7 17.0 18.3 17.6 18.3 16.6 16.8 

Industry 211.2 269.0 306.6 314.6 315.0 281.5 315.5 353.6 

Transport & Services 638.6 843.2 1,130.2 1,347.3 1,397.5 1,380.0 1,771.8 2,267.8 

Total Value Added 862.6 1,128.9 1,453.8 1,680.2 1,730.1 1,677.7 2,103.8 2,638.1 

Gross Domestic Product 967.9 1,265.4 1,617.9 1,885.2 1,942.7 1,888.1 2,361.9 2,954.6 


Expenditure 535.3 754.9 964.4 1,175.4 1,211.0 1,195.3 1,504.9 1,894.7 


2009-180-0004 9 




GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Industry 17.0 21.5 21.8 





Expenditure 98.5 126.7 130.6 


Source: Own calculation using Eurostat data: "Chain-linked volumes, reference year 2000 (at 2000 exchange rates)" 



HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.8 3.8 2.4 3.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 4.0 

Industry 3.8 5.0 14.4 18.3 14.4 14.0 20.0 30.0 



Gross Domestic Product 37.6 42.6 52.0 66.7 67.4 65.0 85.0 110.0 


Expenditure 18.8 20.0 26.4 37.0 36.6 35.0 45.0 60.0 




IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.2 

Industry 39.5 

Transport & Services 50.9 

Total Value Added 93.6 

Gross Domestic Product 104.6 


Expenditure 50.1 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 11.3 24.5 

Source: Own calculation using Eurostat data: "Chain-linked volumes, reference year 2000 (at 2000 exchange rates)" 



1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 21.8 24.7 31.2 32.6 33.2 37.3 

Industry 227.0 271.2 292.8 313.9 358.9 412.4 

Transport & Services 452.1 595.5 705.3 816.2 986.3 1,173.8 

Total Value Added 700.9 891.4 1,029.3 1,162.7 1,378.4 1,623.5 

Gross Domestic Product 802.1 1,017.4 1,191.1 1,320.1 1,557.5 1,834.5 


Expenditure 465.4 601.7 709.8 793.4 937.6 1,104.3 


ITALY 

2009-180-0004 10 




LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 1.9 4.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.5 

Industry 6.8 10.3 3.3 6.4 7.0 6.1 9.2 12.2 





Expenditure 4.4 8.0 14.4 16.2 14.4 22.0 29.0 




LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Industry 2.6 2.5 2.5 









LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.3 

Industry 4.0 6.0 1.7 2.7 2.7 3.5 5.9 8.4 





Expenditure 7.9 11.8 5.3 10.5 13.2 13.4 18.9 27.3 




MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 

Industry 

Transport & Services 

Total Value Added 

Gross Domestic Product 


4.0 4.3 4.5 



2009-180-0004 11 




NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 8.1 9.9 10.0 10.2 9.7 11.8 14.4 

Industry 117.1 152.7 166.2 172.7 164.6 200.6 244.5 





Expenditure 230.5 302.7 332.5 340.5 324.5 395.5 482.1 




POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 9,7 10,0 11,0 12,6 17,7 25,0 

Industry 62,1 75,0 81,3 88,8 132,9 197,4 

Transport & Services 124,1 155,0 163,5 198,7 341,6 583,3 

Total Value Added 195,8 240,0 255,8 300,1 492,2 805,7 

Gross Domestic Product 162,3 157,3 220,1 273,4 291,7 342,9 564,5 928,2 


Expenditure 125,1 147,0 154,3 183,0 297,8 485,8 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 33,0 46,2 46,6 54,8 57,6 93,5 154,7 



PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 3.0 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.7 6.1 

Industry 17.7 22.7 29.4 28.8 29.5 27.5 34.4 44.3 





Expenditure 43.0 57.7 78.1 85.4 86.7 87.7 108.8 139.2 




ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 10.2 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.9 6.5 10.2 

Industry 21.4 13.0 18.3 20.1 20.0 34.9 55.2 





Expenditure 34.0 31.8 44.7 45.9 42.9 62.6 100.5 


2009-180-0004 12 




SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 4.0 5.0 4.6 6.1 6.0 6.0 7.3 8.1 

Industry 33.3 41.6 66.9 85.5 87.8 88.9 123.5 140.4 





Expenditure 94.8 112.6 131.7 149.2 153.7 152.8 209.4 270.7 




SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.6 0.6 

Industry 6.1 6.5 

Transport & Services 8.6 11.3 

Total Value Added 15.7 18.4 

Gross Domestic Product 17.4 21.1 


Expenditure 9.3 12.0 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 3.0 5.5 



SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 0.9 

Industry 7.1 

Transport & Services 11.6 

Total Value Added 19.6 

Gross Domestic Product 22.0 


Expenditure 12.4 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 5.7 



SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 5.4 4.4 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 

Industry 58.1 68.7 71.3 81.0 84.0 83.6 84.4 84.8 





Expenditure 115.4 138.3 156.7 169.9 173.6 172.7 174.4 175.3 


2009-180-0004 13 




NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.8 

Industry 21.9 28.4 39.7 37.0 35.1 33.3 


Total Value Added 69.0 87.4 117.9 131.8 146.3 164.0 



Expenditure 41.7 49.7 66.0 85.9 106.1 131.1 




TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Agriculture 24,2 27,1 29,2 32,0 29,9 

Industry 22,6 43,6 66,7 89,6 94,8 

Transport & Services 54,3 86,2 175,1 243,7 259,1 

Total Value Added 96,4 154,4 271,0 363,6 381,1 

Gross Domestic Product 91,8 152,5 289,4 386,6 404,6 


Expenditure 204,1 275,5 288,3 

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 31,5 59,0 92,4 97,4 

2009-180-0004 14 


1.2.3 Population 

Table 1.2.3 Population (thousands) at year-end 

Country 1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

AT 7 549 7 729 8 110 8 282 8 315 8 397 8 651 8 838 

BE 9 863 9 987 10 251 10 585 10 667 10 860 11 598 12 011 

BG 8 728 8 487 8 131 7 679 7 640 7 600 7 200 7 000 

CY 5 123 5 871 6 975 7 787 7 964 834 9 674 10 823 

CZ 10 327 10 363 10 273 10 287 10 381 10 283 10 284 10 102 

DE 78 275 79 365 82 260 82 315 82 218 81 960 80 690 78 480 

DK 5 124 5 146 5 349 5 447 5 478 5 520 5 697 5 880 

EE 1 477 1 571 1 372 1 344 1 342 1 284 1 221 1 202 

ES 37 386 38 836 40 233 43 737 44 230 45 326 48 186 50 129 

FI 4 788 4 999 5 180 5 277 5 300 5 356 5 546 5 683 

FR 55 113 56 577 58 825 61 040 62 302 64 983 67 204 

GB 56 329 57 288 58 886 60 587 60 975 62 404 66 748 70 732 

GR 9 643 10 193 10 931 11 172 11 222 11 360 11 633 11 701 

HU 10 709 10 375 10 222 10 077 10 066 10 023 9 893 9 651 

IE 3 401 3 506 3 790 4 434 4 971 5 066 

IT 56 434 56 719 57 704 58 986 59 051 58 344 

LT 3 420 3 698 3 500 3 385 3 366 3 320 3 180 3 100 

LU 365 384 439 476 484 500 557 612 

LV 2 515 2 658 2 364 2 281 2 271 2 237 2 086 2 020 

MT 352 389 408 410 420 

NL 14 100 14 947 15 922 16 341 16 500 16 700 17 000 

PL 35 735 38 183 38 254 38 126 38 116 38 092 37 830 37 439 

PT 9 819 9 873 10 257 10 599 10 618 10 656 10 826 10 893 

RO 22 201 23 207 22 435 21 584 21 538 21 414 20 990 20 368 

SE 8 318 8 591 8 883 9 113 9 183 9 351 9 739 10 050 

SI 1 901 1 998 1 988 1 961 1 849 2 003 

SK 4 996 5 298 5 403 5 388 5 251 5 186 

CH 6 385 6 796 7 204 7 509 7 561 7 692 8 002 8 142 

NO 4 092 4 250 4 503 4 640 4 681 4 850 5 045 5 367 

TR 46 625 55 588 64 697 69 831 70 586 70 655 73 093 

2009-180-0004 15 


1.3 General presentation of the Electricity Industry 

Electricity Industry, year 2007 

Country 

Employees 

(number) 

Annual Investments 

(Million of EUR) 

Turnover (Million of 

EUR) 

AT 20,000 1,300.0 - 

BE - - - 

BG - - - 

CY 2,261 158.3 546.7 

CZ 19,000 1,200.0 3,600.0 

DE 122,000 13,900.0 57500.0 

DK - - - 

EE 8,500 173.0 575.0 

ES 24,460 6,585.0 17,438.0 

FI - - - 

FR - - - 

GB 68,000 8,054 38,179.0 

GR 25,800 - - 

HU 12,844 - 3,684.0 

IE - - - 

IT - - - 

LT 9,795 201 1,013.0 

LU - - - 

LV 5,500 315.0 430.0 

MT 1,213 48.2 202.6 

NL - - - 

PL 73,080 1,908.7 9,296.5 

PT - - - 

RO - - - 

SE 19,840 2,600.0 8,521.0 

SI - - - 

SK - - - 

CH 26,000 988.4 5,169.5 

NO 12,000 - - 

TR 13,207 - - 

• Data refers to the entire electricity sector 

• Employees are directly employed 

• For annual investments only capital investments are considered. 

2009-180-0004 16 


Table 1.3.1 -Number and Market Shares of Companies in the Electricity Sector – 2007 

Generation *) Transmission Distribution Supply *) 

Number Market Share Number Number Number Market Share 

AT 6 - 3 138 9 - 

BE - - - - - - 

BG 7 - 1 3 - - 

CY 1 - 1 1 1 100,0% 

CZ 1 65,0% 1 3 3 98,0% 

DE 4 73,0% 4 890 3 46,0% 

DK - - - - - - 

EE 1 96,0% 1 40 1 96,0% 

ES 5 71,0% 1 324 4 96,0% 

FI - - - - - - 

FR - - - - - - 

GB 9 92,0% 4 15 6 99,0% 

GR 1 93,0% 1 1 1 100,0% 

HU 5 74,0% 1 6 7 83,0% 

IE - - - - - - 

IT - - - - - - 

LT 5 100,0% 1 2 3 100,0% 

LU - - - - - - 

LV 2 65,0% 1 1 2 100,0% 

MT 1 100,0% 0 1 1 100,0% 

NL - - - - - - 

PL 7 71,0% 1 33 6 100,0% 

PT 3 72,0% 1 3 1 90,0% 

RO 7 87,0% 1 8 9 71,0% 

SE 3 85,0% 1 164 - - 

SI - - - - - - 

SK - - - - - - 

CH 4 49,0% 1 - 4 64,0% 

NO 5 - 1 - - - 

TR 4 65,0% 1 21 4 65,0% 

*) > 5% of Production or Supply 

Notes: 

• Figures are the best estimation 

• Generation: only companies with 5% or more of the electricity domestic output 

• Transmission: TSOs - Transmission System Operators - 

• Distribution: Distribution companies 

• Supply: Companies Selling Electricity to End-Users (only companies with 5% or more of the total 

electricity sold to final customers) 

The remainder is met by other generation or supply companies. When assessing the market situation net 

imports must be considered as well (see Tables 4.2) 

2009-180-0004 17 


1.4 Comments 

AUSTRIA 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

Economic framework 

During the last decade Austria experienced an economic growth of 2,4% with an inflation of 2% in average 

per year. In 2008 the GDP growth rate accounted for 1,8%. Due to the financial turmoil a decrease in GDP in 

2009 is expected. An estimate of future development is quite insecure. However it is expected that Austria 

is less affected by the crisis than most of the European economies. It is assumed that in 2010 positive 

growth rates will be experienced again and from then onwards the economy will return to its former 

growth path. 

Structure and situation of electricity industry 

The electricity generation in Austria in 2007 is dominated by hydropower with a share of 59,4% in total 

electricity generation. To support the expansion in hydropower generation, the Austrian government 

presented the “Masterplan Wasserkraft” (Masterplan Hydropower). A study has been performed, 

indicating that additional 13 TWh of technically and economically feasible potential exists whereof a 

realisation of 7 TWh up to 2020 is planned. 

Until 2001 Austria exported more electricity than it has imported. However, the situation has changed. 

Today there is a negative physical exchange balance of 6,6 TWh which represents approximately 10% of 

total demand. 

Austria´s electricity industry shows a good performance with a nonavailability of electricity services of 45,47 

minutes per customer and per year. Nevertheless it is inevitable to further develop the Austrian grid. At the 

moment the enlargement of the 380kV-grid, which will close the planned 380 kV high voltage ring, is in 

progress as one of the major projects. 

Legal facts 

The Austrian electricity market has been completely liberalised in October 1st 2001, with Austria taking a 

pioneering role in the liberalisation process in the EU. The 1998 Electricity Act (ElWOG) constitutes the 

basis for this and implemented the EU electricity internal market directive into Austrian law. 

The supervision of the opened electricity market was assumed by the E-Control GmbH and the E-Control 

Commission. These organisations have been provided with extensive competitive supervision, regulatory 

and monitoring competencies. 

Wholesale market 

The Austrian electricity market is part of the central European market. 

The Energy Exchange Austria (EXAA) was founded in 2001 and launched spot trading of electric power in 

March 2002. In June 2005 additionally the market segment of environmental products was opened with the 

trading of European carbon emissions allowances. In the end of 2008 EXAA´s power and carbon market was 

utilised by 49 companies from 13 different countries whereas the share of non Austrian companies is 

significantly dominating. The power traded on the spot market accounted for 2,5 TWh in 2008. 

Wholesale market prices in Austria are highly correlated to the development of the German Electricity 

Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig. Furthermore the majority of the volume traded by Austrian market participants is 

traded on the EEX and only partly on EXAA. Nevertheless prices at the Austrian EXAA play an important role 

as an indicator for the short run development of the European wholesale prices as it starts trading earliest 

in Europe. 

2009-180-0004 18 


DEMAND 

In the last decade electricity demand in Austria increased by approximately 2% per year. The estimation up 

to 2020 takes a lower future increase of 1,4% per year into account according to data provided by the 

European Commission. 

Until today the evolution of Austria´s electricity consumption is still highly dependent on the development 

of GDP. For the future development efforts for a decoupling of these parameters are undertaken especially 

through the improvement in energy efficiency. 

SUPPLY 

The expansion of power generation in the upcoming years as well as the time of completion of new power 

plants highly depends on the procedure and administration length of the environmental impact 

assessments (UVP) criteria. 

The estimates provided in this paper about future development are based on published information about 

investment projects provided by member companies and energy forecasts of the Austrian Institute of 

Economic Research. 

The emphasis of future investment in the upcoming years in Austria´s electricity generation is placed in the 

expansion of renewable energies. In terms of the implementation of a EU directive for increasing the share 

of renewable energy sources, an Austria-wide promotion system for “green” electricity and combined heat 

and power plants (KWK) was created in 2002 to raise the share of renewable energy sources in the 

generation mix of electricity. The Austrian Green Electricity Act 2008 plans the development of 700 MW 

each for water and wind power and 100 MW for biomass by the year 2015 for this purpose. Investment in 

thermal power plants (especially gas) is also planned to go along with the increasing electricity demand. 

BALANCES 

Data concerning peak demand in the electricity system are monitored on each third Wednesday of each 

month. 

Among other factors peak demand is significantly influenced by climatic conditions since high power 

demand is expected during winter months (December/January). Usually a decline in temperature of 1 

degree seems to lead to an increase of the peak demand in the range of 50 MW to 100 MW depending on 

various other factors (season, level of temperature, etc.) 

The main part of the “foreseeable not available capacity” (Table 4.1) is the reduced capacity of run of river 

plants, caused by smaller water flow of rivers in the winter season or too much water in case of flooding. 

An additional part is less power capacity in consequence of an increased heat or steam production in 

cogeneration units or to increase imports. Sources for the data in table 4.1 are UCTE publications. 

ENVIRONMENT 

According to data of the federal environmental agency a decoupling of electricity production and GHGemissions 

has been observed during the last years. From 1990 to 2007 the amount of GHG-emissions from 

public electricity and heat production decreased by 3,8% while electricity production increased by 23% and 

heat production increased by 129,1%. 

Energy supply was responsible for 16% of overall GHG-emissions in Austria in 2007. The major part of the 

national GHG emissions falls upon the sectors of transport and industries with approximately 30% of overall 

GHG emissions each. 

2009-180-0004 19 


BULGARIA 

In 2008 the positive trends in operation of the market were retained. 

The total traded volumes and the resales are showing a considerable growth. In December 2008, 8 

generators, 72 customers and 35 traders are listed in the register of the market participants. The monthly 

number of the different categories is shown on Table 1. 

Table 1 

Participants 12 

/2007 

01/ 

2008 

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 010 011 012 Growth,% 

2007-08 

Generators 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 14.2 

Customers 62 64 65 67 68 69 70 72 72 72 72 72 72 16.1 

Traders 24 28 29 30 30 30 32 32 32 33 33 33 35 45.8 

Some small customers connected to the MV grid decided to withdraw from the open market and move 

once again to the regulated market. The regulated segment is considerably high and will continue to exist, 

according to the legislation for small industrial customers and residential customers. 

The total traded volume at freely negotiated prices in 2008 reached 13 731 244 MWh, out of which 4 

552084 MWh were declared by final customers. 

The traded quantities from the first year when the market started – 2004 up to 2008 are shown on Table 2. 

Table 2 

Year Declared by final customers, 

MWh 

2004 232 383 232 383 

2005 2 607 024 2 711 609 

2006 3 214 550 4 140 553 

2007 3 633 072 7 302 976 

2008 4 552 084 13 731 244 

Total traded volumes, including resale’s, 

MWh 

Four new generators joined the market in 2008 with active trades. The total volume sold by generators at 

freely negotiated prices in 2008, according to the registered schedules is 8 268 837 MWh, compared to 

4 314 274 MWh in 2007. The electricity realized in the neighbor control areas represents 45% from the 

total trades referred to generators. 

In compliance with the Regulation 1228/2003/EC ESO organizes Auctions for allocation of cross-border 

capacities. The register of eligible users, the available transfer capacities, the auction specifications and 

auction results are published on a regular basis on the web-site. The validated cross-border schedules and 

the cross-border physical flows are also public accessible information. 

The market will be developed further with introduction of a new market design and possibilities the 

participants to join in balancing groups. The Balance Responsible Parties will be liable toward ESO for the 

imbalances of their groups. New Market Rules are in a process of development. Market based principles in 

delivery of Regulating/Balancing energy by the selected Generators and new Mechanism for calculation of 

the balancing energy prices will be put in place, together with a new IT Platform. 

2009-180-0004 20 


GERMANY 

After a GDP increase at a rate of 3.0% in 2006 and 2.5% in 2007, economic growth in Germany increased in 

2008 at a rate of 1.3%. The economic growth was driven by investments and the export sector. For 2009, a 

GDP decline is expected but serious forecasts are difficult to give in the light of the current situation. 

In table 1.3, the figure “Employees” contains only figures for the employees working in the public supply. 

Annual investments contain only gross investments in fixed assets. The turnover presents the turnover of 

electricity delivered to end consumers. 

The four transmission system operators (TSO) in Germany are EnBW, E.ON, RWE and Vattenfall Europe, 

each of them responsible for one of the four German control areas. 

Furthermore around 890 distribution system operators run distribution networks in Germany. 

In general, the figures cover the electricity sector of the whole country, except where explicitly stated 

otherwise. 

Legal facts 

Due to the former EnWG (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz), which came into effect in April 1998, the German 

electricity market became a full competitive market. The EnWG governs grid operation and codifies the 

negotiated access to the grid. Until the end of the year 2004 the so-called Association's Agreement ruled 

the negotiated third-party access. 

In July 2005, the new EnWG came into effect and the regulatory authority Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Grid 

Agency) resumed its work. The Bundesnetzagentur is mainly regulating grid access and grid fees. In general 

the Bundesnetzagentur is responsible for companies with more than 100.000 customers. Smaller 

companies are regulated by the respective authority in the corresponding federal state but some federal 

authorities assigned its responsibility to the Bundesnetzagentur. 

On 1 January 2009, incentive regulation for grid operators started in Germany. The regulation scheme 

contains a revenue-cap with two periods each lasting 5 years. Afterwards, a yardstick competition scheme 

shall be implemented. Efficiency for grid operators was measured with a dual benchmarking, whereof the 

better efficiency value is used. Smaller companies with less than 30.000 customers had the opportunity to 

choose a simplified treatment, which allows them not to be part of the benchmarking. In return, they 

accept a fixed rate of 87.5% for efficiency in the first period and the average efficiency as a result of the 

benchmarking for the second period. 

Retail market 

Complete liberalisation in 1998 had fundamental impacts on the German electricity market. In the 

beginning, prices fell rather quickly for industrial customers as well as for private households. After a period 

of strong price-competition, prices have been steadily increasing again since 2000. This effect results from 

an increasing market consolidation and rising fuel prices up to 2008. 

However, this upward trend is not only market-based but rather state-induced. 

Thus the share of taxes and levies on electricity price arose from 25% in 1998 to 40% in 2009 for private 

households and from 2% to 21% for industrial customers. 

Looking at customer switching, results from a customer survey in December 2008 show the following: 19% 

of private households have switched their supplier since 1998, another 41% have chosen a better contract 

with their existing supplier. 

2009-180-0004 21 


Furthermore, 13% of commercial customers have switched their supplier and more than half negotiated a 

better contract with their existing supplier due to market liberalisation. Nearly all of industrial customers 

changed at least once their supplier or negotiated a better contract since 1998. 

Wholesale market 

Apart from an active OTC market for electricity sales, the European Energy Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig gains 

more and more importance. 

The EEX in Leipzig – emerged from the European Energy Exchange in Frankfurt/Main and the Leipzig Power 

Exchange – resumed work in July 2002. The main activities cover the spot market, the futures market and 

the clearing of OTC dealings. 

The index underlying the futures market is the Phelix price index representing the arithmetic mean of the 

24 single-hour prices for the respective next day on exchange's spot market. 

In 2008, 1,319 TWh (2007: 1,273 TWh) were traded at the EEX, whereof 154 TWh or around 30% of the 

German net electricity consumption account for the spot market and 1,165 TWh are traded in the futures 

market. In February 2009, the EEX had 219 member companies from 19 nations, whereof two-thirds are 

non-German. 

The EEX is a regulated market subject to the German Exchange Act. It is supervised by three different 

institutions: the Exchange Council, the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Free State of Saxony and the 

German Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht BAFin). 

Today the exchange prices are the benchmark for the whole market including OTC wholesale and retail 

business. 

In the field of power trading EEX cooperates with the French Powernext SA. In the future, short-term power 

trading on both exchanges will be operated by the joint, Paris-based company EPEX Spot SE, in which EEX 

and Powernext hold 50 percent each. European power derivatives trading will be concentrated in Leipzig. In 

the future, clearing and settlement for all spot and derivatives transactions on power will be provided by 

ECC, which has already been settling the natural gas transactions traded on Powernext since November 

2008. 

SPAIN 

Organisation of electricity supply 

a. Agents 

Electricity generators, whose function is to generate electric power as well as to construct, operate and 

maintain generation stations. 

Autoproducers of electricity, that generate electricity mainly for their own use. 

The Market Operator, a busines entity whose responsability is to assure the correct economic 

perfomance of the electricty generation markets. 

The System Operator is the player responsible for the technical management of the system. 

Transmission agents, who are those companies whose function is to transmit electricity as well as to 

construct, operate and maintain transmission installations. 

2009-180-0004 22 


Distribution agents, who are those companies whose function is to distribute electricity as well as to 

construct, operate and maintain distribution installations. 

Retailers, whose function is to sell electricity to qualified consumers or to other agents of the system. 

Consumers that may purchase electricity for a regulated tariff or through any other method stipulated 

by the law. 

b. How the system works 

Electric power is generated within a framework of free competion based on a system power bids from 

generators and a system of demand bids from qualified consumers, distributors and retailing agents. 

The economic and technical management of the system, transmission and distribution are considered 

regulated activities and their economic arrangements and the way they work are determined by the law. 

Third-party access to the networks is guaranteed by law. 

The retailing of electric power is considered as non-regulated activity. 

Data General Information. 

In preparing this report, the current economic crisis was not taken into account because there is insufficient 

information to assess its impact. 

In general the Spanish data cover the overall country, that is, both the mainland interconnected system and 

the island’s systems. 

Data shown in Table 1.3 related to the number of employees, the annual investments and the turnover 

correspond to the UNESA’s member companies. Investment data include the investments of electricity 

companies on renewable energy sources, but they do not include investments on transmission network. 

The capacity balance, Table 4.1 does not refer to the overall country but to the mainland interconnected 

system. 

GREECE 

In Greece, the largest electricity power generation company is Public Power Corporation S.A. (PPC S.A.), 

supplying electricity to approximately 7.5 million customers. In 2008, PPC S.A. produced 91.1% of the 57.5 

TWh of electric power generated in the country. As of December 31st 2008, the company’s total installed 

power generation capacity was 12,843 MW out of 14,747 MW installed in the country. 

At present besides PPC, there are five other Independent Power Producers (IPPs) operating natural-gas 

fired plants with 656 MW installed capacity. Moreover, there are numerous smaller RES and CHP 

producers. 

Total electrical power is transported via 12017 Km high voltage lines and distributed to consumers via a 

217200 km long medium and low voltage network. 

PPC is the second largest lignite producer in the European Union and the fifth largest in the world. Lignite 

for PPC’s lignite-fired power stations is extracted mainly from its mines which produced 62.5 million tons of 

lignite during the year ending 31 December 2008. The regulatory framework for the Greek electricity 

industry has changed significantly over the last years as a result of European Union and Greek government 

measures designed to increase competition in the electricity market. Following the provisions of the 

Electricity Directive 96/92 EC for the liberalization of the internal market, the Greek State in 1999 

introduced Law 2773/99 for the “Liberalisation of the Electricity Market Energy Policy Matters Regulation 

and other Provisions”, which incorporated the provisions of the Electricity Directive into Greek national 

legislation and which created the framework for the liberalisation of the Greek electricity market. The law 

2009-180-0004 23 


provided for several changes required by the new market concept among which were: the transformation 

of the Public Power Corporation into a société anonyme, the introduction of competition in generation 

through the granting of authorizations to generate electricity in the interconnected system and through a 

tendering procedure for authorizations to provide generating capacity on the autonomous island systems, 

the establishment of a Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE) and an Independent System Operator (HTSO) 

and new codes for the operation of the transmission system, third party access and operation of the new 

market. 

Furthermore, in order to facilitate and increase market competition the Greek Parliament adopted in July 

2003 Law 3175/03 that significantly amended several provisions of the Law 2773/99 in accordance with 

provisions of the new Electricity Directive 2003/54 EC. The amended Liberalization Law came into effect on 

29th August 2003. In 2005, Law 3426/05 was introduced in order to fully transpose the Directive 2003/54 

EC. According to the law the HTSO is entitled to enter into capacity-availability agreements following the 

launch of tender procedures for 1,300 MW of new generation capacity that must be commissioned by 

December 31st 2010. These agreements will provide to the investor a motivation for project financing. 

A new Grid and Power Exchange Code was also introduced on May 2005, setting the rules for the operation 

of the day-ahead electricity market. In addition, in 2006, a new Law (3468/06) for Renewable Energy 

Sources and Cogeneration of Heat and Power was put into force. 

The recent legislation has given shape to the liberalized Greek Electricity Market which is now based on a 

mandatory day-ahead market model (pool). All energy is injected into and absorbed from the “pool”. The 

participants are: the producers, the importers, the suppliers and the self-supplied eligible customers. 

Suppliers and self-supplied eligible customers buy at the System Marginal Price (SMP) which is defined by 

the most expensive unit that is dispatched in order to cover the demand. 

Initially, the opening of the electricity market became legally effective on February 19th 2001, when all high 

and medium voltage customers became eligible, representing approximately 6,500 customers or 34% of 

the Greek electricity market in terms of power consumption. Since July 1st 2004, all non-household 

customers - excluding the customers in non-interconnected islands - are considered as eligible (62% of the 

market) 

Since July 1st, 2007, all customers (including household customers) are considered Eligible Customers, with 

the exemption of the customers of the non-interconnected micro-isolated island systems, as long as 

derogation is provided in accordance with the provisions of 2003/54/EC Directive. 

On June 25th 2007 a ministerial decision defined the content of Public Service Obligations as: 

a) The provision of electricity to the consumers of non-interconnected islands and isolated micro systems 

at the same tariffs per category with these of the interconnected system. 

b) The provision of electricity at special (reduced) tariffs to families having many children, as this category 

of families is defined by the Greek Law. 

RAE was established on 1st July 2000, as an independent authority responsible for regulating the Greek 

Energy market. RAE mainly has an advisory and supervisory role while decision-making power lies with the 

Minister of Development. RAE is responsible for the security of the electricity system and advises the 

Minister for providing licenses to independent generators. 

The HTSO was established on 3rd May 2001, as an independent entity to operate and ensure the 

maintenance and development of the Greek interconnected electricity transmission system and its 

interconnections with other networks. The HTSO provides access to the Transmission System to 

Independent Power Producers, Suppliers and Renewable energy producers. The 51% of its share capital 

belongs to the Greek State while PPC possesses the rest 49%. The HTSO became operational in May 2001 

and since then operates the daily electricity market. 

2009-180-0004 24 


According to the Provisions of MD/49828/12-11-2008 we have an approval of a specific land-planning and 

sustainable development framework for Renewable Energy Sources (RES) together with a strategic 

assessment of its environmental repercussion. 

With the provisions of Law 3743/2009, Greek legislation is harmonized with the Directive 2004/8/EC of the 

European Parliament and of the Council held at February 11, 2004 related to the promotion of energy 

cogeneration and the modification of Directive 92/42/EEC (EE L 52/50) and is supplemented by the legal 

framework for the promotion of two or more useful forms of energy cogeneration. 

By the year 2013 three more non interconnected island of the Cyclades islands will be connected to the 

Interconnected system. 

Unbundling 

Public Power Corporation, as part of the company’s transformation into a commercial entity capable of 

competing in a liberalized market, adopted an organizational structure, which more closely reflects its core 

business (Mines, Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Supply) operations. Thus, each business unit is 

responsible for controlling its own costs and achieving its own operating targets, with the General Manager 

of each business unit reporting directly to our Chief Executive Officer. The reorganization of the business 

units aims at separating the responsibilities among the units as well as ameliorating the performance of 

each business unit. 

The TSO (HTSO) is an independent legal entity since 2001. According to Law 3426/2005, a combined 

Transmission and Distribution System Operator should have been established until July 1, 2007. The 

requirement for the functional unbundling of the Distribution System Operator should be fulfilled through 

the establishment of appropriate structures within PPC. This new independent entity will be formed 

through the expansion of the existing Transmission System Operator (HTSO), which will be renamed into 

Hellenic Transmission and Distribution Systems Operator (HTDSO). HTDSO will inherit all HTSO’s 

responsibilities and will undertake the responsibilities of the DSO that are provided by the law. Ownership 

of the assets of the Transmission System as well as the Distribution Network remains within PPC. 

Regarding the non-interconnected islands, according to Law 3426/2005, PPC is appointed as the Operator 

for the non-interconnected islands. The activities of PPC as an operator are functionally unbundled from 

the rest of its activities. Towards this aim a separate entity was established inside PPC in 2007. The 

Operator has, among others, the responsibilities for the distribution system operation as well as the ones 

for scheduling and dispatching of the generation units, according to the provisions of the Code for the 

Operation of the non-interconnected islands. PPC should keep separate accounts for the activities of 

generation, distribution and supply for those islands. 

Economy 

Growth in the Greek economy has accelerated remarkably, from the average annual real growth rate of 

3.1% during the period 1994-2001 to 3.8% in 2002, 4.7% in 2003, 4.2% in 2004, 3,7% in 2005, 4.2% in 2006, 

4.1% in 2007 and 3.1% in 2008. According to the “Revised Stability and Growth Program 2008-2011” the 

projections for annual growth of the Greek State will reach 1.1% in 2009. 1.6% in year 2010 and 2.3% in 

year 2011. 

LITHUANIA 

Generation 

The main generators in Lithuania: 

- State-owned company “Ignalinos atomine elektrine” (Ignalina NPP) at present has installed one unit 

with capacity 1300 MW. Unit 2 of Ignalina NPP has to be closed by the January 1 of year 2010. 

- Joint stock company “Lietuvos elektrine” AB (Lithuanian PP) has installed capacity 1800 MW. 

- Vilnius Combined Heat and Power (CHP) belongs to “Vilniaus energija” UAB. Installed capacity is 

384 MW and is used for heat energy supply to Vilnius city also. 

2009-180-0004 25 


- Kaunas Heat and Power Plant (UAB) have installed capacity 170 MW. It is the main supplier of heat 

and electric power to the Kaunas inhabitants. 

- “Mazeikiu elektrine” AB (Mazeikiai CHP) has capacity 160 MW. It is used not only for electricity 

production, but also for heat energy supply to Mazeikiai oil refinery. 

- In June 2008 Panevezio energija AB successfully finished to build a combined heat and power plant 

in Panevėžys (Panevezys CHP) which produces heat and supplies town inhabitants with electric 

power. Panevezys CHP has capacity 35 MW. 

On 27 February 2006, the Prime Ministers of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia signed a communiqué which 

invited state-owned energy companies in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to invest in the design and 

construction of a new nuclear power plant in Lithuania. On the basis of this communiqué, on 8 March 2006, 

the heads of Lietuvos Energija, Eesti Energia and Latvenergo during their meeting in Ignalina signed a 

memorandum of understanding on the preparation for construction of a new nuclear reactor in Lithuania. 

On 28 June 2007, Lithuania's parliament adopted a law on building a new nuclear power plant, the formal 

start of a project. On 4 July 2007, the President of Lithuania signed the law. The law also stipulated creation 

of a "national investor" to gain investments for the new nuclear power plant. The creation of the national 

investor LEO LT was agreed between the Government of Lithuania and NDX Energija on 20 December 2007. 

Lithuanian Parliament approved the agreement on 1 February 2008 and the Lithuanian President signed 

the law on 12 February 2008. On 15 November 2007, the environmental impact assessment program was 

approved. On 30 July 2008, the planned new nuclear power plant was officially named Visaginas nuclear 

power plant. 

There were no new big power plants under construction. 

The national power company LEO LT, established on May 20, 2008, controls through its subsidiaries the key 

part of the Lithuanian electrical power system – the electricity transmission grid and distribution networks. 

The company is currently implementing a series of strategic projects, specified in the National electricity 

strategy, including the establishment of interconnections between the Lithuanian, Polish and Swedish 

power systems, as well as the construction of a new nuclear power plant in Lithuania. 

Transmission 

The main function of Lietuvos Energija AB in its role of Transmission System Operator is to ensure efficient 

and reliable operation of the Lithuanian power system. 

Lietuvos Energija AB owns: 

- 1670 km overhead lines 330 kV; 

- 4973 km overhead lines 110 kV; 

- 35.6 km underground 110 kV cable lines; 

- 13 substations 330 kV; 

- 215 substations 110 kV; 

- Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant (Kaunas HPP). The plant has a capacity of 100.8 MW A 

renovation was begun in 2005. The first phase was completed in November 2008; completion is 

scheduled for the end of 2009. 

- Kruonis Pumped Storage Power Plant (Kruonis PSPP). Installed capacity of the plant is 900 MW. 

- The dispatch control centre of Lithuanian power system; 

- The telecommunication network and information system. 

Under the Law on Electricity Lietuvos energija AB is responsible for: 

- Maintenance and development of the transmission grid; 

- Ensure a balance between electricity production and consumption as well as electricity 

transmission from Lithuania’s power plants to its distribution companies; 

- Secure and reliable operation of the Lithuanian power system; 

- Operation of electricity market in Lithuania. 

2009-180-0004 26 


Distribution 

There are two main distribution companies in Lithuania: 

• “Rytu Skirstomieji Tinklai” AB (Eastern distribution networks) was founded on December 31, 2001, 

after reorganization of the company Lietuvos Energija AB. The Eastern distribution networks 

company is responsible for the maintenance, testing, and development of low (0.4 kV) and medium 

(6–10 kV) voltage distribution networks, ensures reliable and efficient electricity distribution to the 

end users. It supplies electricity on request of every customer in the territory assigned to the 

Company’s services – the Eastern part of Lithuania. Branches Vilnius, Panevėžys, Utena, and Alytus, 

is rendering its services to over 738 thousand customers in the 34.8 thousand sq. km territory. 

• VST AB is a modern company distributing and supplying electric energy and providing services to 

over 673 000 customers in the Western and Central Lithuania. The company is the owner of electric 

power distribution network, i.e. the overhead lines and cable lines of low and medium voltage, as 

well as the owner of more than 16 000 transformer substations. The company is responsible for 

power distribution networks in Kaunas, Klaipėda and Šiauliai regions, and also for safety, reliability, 

operation, maintenance, management and development of the network. 

LUXEMBURG 

Since July 1 st 2007 the electricity market in Luxembourg is opened by 100% and since August 21 st 2007 the 

new energy law defines different new roles and duties for the market players and also for the grid 

operators. 

Actually the public grid in Luxembourg is connected in radial to the German grid and no transits with other 

countries are possible. For that reason, the electricity market situation in Luxembourg is strongly coupled to 

the marked situation in Germany as the capacity of the interconnection lines is sufficient to cover the load 

situation. 

Cegedel Net has also signed the MOU established in the framework of the Pentalateral Forum of the 

Central West European (CWE) region (Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands), 

reaffirming the initiative to improve cooperation towards a more integrated electricity market in this 

region. 

LATVIA 

The stock company Latvenergo is the largest company in Latvia functioning in power business. In 2007, 

Latvenergo provided 88% of total national energy generation. It operates two combined heat and power 

plants (474 MWel) (providing Riga, the capital of Latvia with heat) and three hydro power plants 

(1564 MW). The maximum of electric generating capacity was 2259 MW in 2007 and electricity 

consumption 7.5 TWh. Small CHP facilities, small hydro plants and wind turbines produced the rest of in 

Latvia generated electricity. 

There are strong synchronous interconnections linking Latvia with Estonia, Lithuania and Russia via 330 kV 

and 110 kV lines. Latvia is the “transit country” for electricity. The wheeling power is about 2-3 TWh 

annually. The Transmission System Operator (110 kV and 330 kV) – Augstsprieguma tikls (stock company 

High Voltage Network) and Sadales tikls (stock company Distribution Network) are independent companies 

within the Latvenergo Group. 

The constructions of interconnections between Baltic and Nordic electricity markets promote a gradual 

development of a regional electricity market. The Estlink underwater cable (2007) between Estonia and 

Finland ensure access to the Nordic electricity market. 

2009-180-0004 27 


In the annual electrical energy balance, Latvia is the net importer of electricity due to shortage of available 

capacity and its high dependence on seasonal hydropower for its domestic production. The share of HPPs 

produced energy (run-of-river) fluctuates between 30-60 percent of energy consumption. 

The Energy Law has come in force in 1998. The Energy Law served as a framework for the implementation 

of EU Directive 2003/54/EC. In 2000, the Saeima (Latvian Parliament) complemented Energy Law with the 

article stating that Latvenergo assets (HPPs, CHPs, transmission and distribution systems) are the 

strategically important subjects owned by the state. 

Public Utilities Commission is the independent state institution responsible for regulation of energy, 

telecommunications, post and railway sectors in accordance with the law "On Regulators of Public Utilities" 

and the corresponding normative acts in the regulated sectors. Activities of market participants are limited 

by Grid Codes. 

There was passed the Electricity Market Law in May 2005. The electricity market is fully open since 2007. 

Competition in generation: At present, in Latvia HPP and CHPs generation dominates. HPPs produce 

cheaper energy; CHPs generate electricity as heat by-product. The Energy Law obliges to purchase excess 

the electricity generated by small renewable power producers. 

In 2000, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania decided to create Common Baltic Electricity Market (CBEM) in order 

to gain benefits from mutual co-operation. In February 2001, Baltic States signed a multilateral technical 

agreement with Russia and Belarus on the parallel operation of their power systems. 

There is competition in Baltic electricity market, since Estonia, Lithuania and Russia, as electricity exporting 

countries, are looking for the possibility to sell energy to Latvia or other interested participants. 

MALTA 

Enemalta Corporation is the state-owned energy utility responsible for providing electricity to the Maltese 

Islands, it was established in 1977 as a wholly Government-owned public Corporation. 

Enemalta is currently the major producer (generator) and supplier of electricity in Malta, and is the 

designated distribution system operator (DSO) by the Maltese Regulator (Malta Resources Authority). 

Although generation has been liberalised since 2004, it is expected that Enemalta will remain the major 

generator over the short to medium term to 2015. At present, the Maltese electrical system is a small 

isolated one and consequently benefits from certain derogations from the Electricity Directive 2003/54/EC. 

The Electricity Division of the Corporation is organizationally split into the Generation and the Distribution 

Sections. 

Generation 

Electricity demand in Malta has increased by more than 18% since 2000, and the Corporation is planning to 

decommission most of the generating plant at Marsa Power Station by 2015 in accordance with European 

legislation. 

Enemalta is currently undertaking a procurement process for the supply of new generating plant (minimum 

100MW), and is also investigating the possibility of connecting to the European electricity grid by a 

submarine interconnection with Sicily. The increasing demand for electricity in Malta is occurring in an 

atmosphere of increasing environmental protection awareness and demands for increasing energy 

efficiency. Enemalta Corporation’s strategy is to meet this increasing demand safely, while meeting all 

related responsibilities. Consequently Enemalta Corporation is also considering the replacement of liquid 

2009-180-0004 28 


fuel oil (HFO and gasoil) through the provision of Natural Gas to fuel its power generation equipment whilst 

retaining the option to use liquid fuel as a backup fuel. 

Enemalta Corporation operates two power stations with a total installed electrical capacity of 571 MW. The 

Generation section is organisationally split on the same lines as the two power stations. 

The Power Station at Marsa has a nominal capacity of 271MW, which is comprised of 230MW of steam 

plant and a 37MW open-cycle gas turbine. The Power Station at Delimara has a nominal capacity of 

304MW, comprised of 120MW steam plant, 110MW Combined Cycle gas turbine plant and 74MW of opencycle 

gas turbines. 

Distribution 

The high voltage (HV) network essentially consists of 132kV, 33kV and 11kV underground cables and 

overhead lines connected to the two Power Stations, the Distribution Centres (DC’s) and the distribution 

substations. 

The 132kV and 33kV circuits are the backbone of the HV network and convey power from the power 

stations to 19 strategically located distribution centres. 11kV circuits then distribute power from the 

distribution centres to approximately 1300 distribution substations dispersed all over the inhabited parts of 

the Maltese Island to serve around 250,000 consumers. Large industrial and commercial establishments 

are connected directly to the distribution substations, whilst the small to medium industrial and 

commercial entities, and the domestic consumers are serviced through a low voltage network supplied 

from the distribution substations. 

The Distribution Centres transform power from the 132 kV and 33kV feeders to be distributed at 11kV, 

which in turn is converted to 400V and 230V by the Distribution Substations. The 132kV and 33kV network 

is essentially a radial network with few interconnections between the various distribution centres, while 

the 11kV network has developed from an open ring structure to an interconnected network. 

The Distribution section is organisationally split into two sections, namely the distribution (or Consumer 

Services) section, and the development (T&D) section. 

POLAND 

Statistical data is based on official statistical data published by Energy Market Agency Co. (Polish name - 

ARE SA). 

Detailed date and assumptions for population projection in Poland were established by the experts from 

the Central Statistical Office (Polish name GUS) in Warsaw. 

Forecast data (year 2010 and 2020) were taken from PSE Operator S.A. “Development Program for 

Domestic Transmission System - Balanced scenario” accepted by Polish Regulatory Office (URE) in 

December 2006. 

Projections for year 2030 are expert estimations mostly based on assumed trends. 

Evolution of the Electricity Sector 

The most important piece of legislation governing the activities of the energy sector in Poland is the Energy 

Law from 1997 and related executive Ordinances of the Minister of Economy. 

The main principles of Polish Energy Law include: 

- separation of the vertically integrated power sector to three subsectors: generation, transmission, and 

distribution; 

2009-180-0004 29 


- separation of trading electricity from transmission and distribution activities; 

- licensing power utility companies to operate in the country; 

- regulations of monopolies (where competition is not possible and economically justified) by the Energy 

Regulatory Authority (ERA). 

- equality of entities at the electricity market; 

- obligatory provision by power utilities of transmission services for electricity generated in the country. 

The ERA President is responsible for regulatory supervision of the Polish energy sector concerning 

electricity, gas and district heat. According to the Energy Law, the President of ERA supervises the 

regulations of activities of energy companies and its compliance with the state energy policy guidelines. 

The main tasks and competencies of the ERA President are detailed specified in the Energy Law: 

• issuing licences to power utilities for different types of activities, 

• supervision of the activities of power utilities in accordance with the provisions of the Energy law and 

the state’s energy policy, 

• approval of tariffs (i.e. prices and rates and terms of their application) for power utility companies 

carrying on business in the non-competitive manner, in accordance with the provisions of the law, 

based on applications filed by the companies. 

• approving development plans submitted by the power grid companies, 

• co-operation with appropriate authorities in counteracting monopolistic practices of energy companies. 

Also, the Minister of Economy (responsible for energy policy and for issuing ordinances to the Energy Law) 

and President of the Competition and Consumers Protection Office (responsible for supervision on 

competitive market) have regulatory influence on activity on the electricity market. 

Privatisation process is supervised by the Ministry of the State Treasury. 

Liberalisation of electricity markets 

Since the Polish electricity market is decentralised, the wholesale electricity trade is carried out in three 

basic ways: 

• On the contract market where electricity is traded by means of bilateral agreements concluded 

between participants; 

• On the exchange market where trading is carried out by means of contracts concluded at Polish 

Power Exchange; 

• On the balancing market where the Transmission System Operator (PSE SA, later as PSE-Operator 

SA active since July of 2004) matches transactions concluded on the contract and exchange markets 

with real electricity demand. 

The Mile stones in evaluation of Polish Energy Sector 

June 2000 - Polish Power Exchange (Polish name - Gielda Energii S.A.) started its operation with the The 

Day Ahead Market. 

September 2001 - The day ahead hourly balancing market was introduced by PSE SA acting as TSO. This 

mechanism replaced the monthly balance market operated before. 

July 2002 - Poland introduced varied settlement prices for the sales and purchase of power on the 

balancing market. 

1 July 2004 - according to EU Directive - 2003/54/EC from the organizational structure of Capital Grup 

Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne SA (Polish Power Grid Company) new subsidiary was formed – PSE 

Operator S.A. According to its competences the President of Energy Regulatory Authority recognized that 

entity as Transmission System Operator in Poland. 

1 July 2004 – TPA rules were given for all commercial customers except household customers. 

1July 2007 - Open market was introduced for all categories of customers, when TPA rules where given for 

household customers. 

2009-180-0004 30 


Structure of electricity industry 

Generation and Distribution System 

After process of consolidation in Polish energy sector four Energy Group are created and 

Production groups: 

- Polish Energy Group (PGE) – 2 lignite fired plants, 3 hard coal fired plants, 5 hard coal fired CHPs, 3 

lignite mines, (BOT, ZE Dolna Odra, ZE Bydgoszcz) 

- Tauron Polska Energia - 6 hard coal fired plants, 2 hard coal fired CHPs (PKE) 

- ENEA – 1 hard coal fired plant (Kozienice) 

- ENERGA - 1 hard coal fired plant, 1 hard coal fired CHP (ZE Ostroleka) 

All four production groups are merged with respective distribution companies. 

Other Power plants, CHPs and Distribution companies are privatized or public. 

- 1 public company – Pumped-storage plants, 

- Small hydro plants – public plants owned by Distribution utilities or by private entities , and mainly hard 

coal fired Autoproducers plants. 

Renewable energy 

In August 2001 the Polish Parliament adopted “Strategy for renewable energy”. The goal of the strategy is 

to achieve 7,5% of total primary energy production from renewable energy sources up to 2010. 

In August 2008 Polish Ministry of Economy introduced in a decree new obligations on purchase guaranties 

of origin of RES. On the basis of this decree every electricity company have to acquire RES guaranties of 

origin and present them to the Energy Regulatory for cancellation in amount established in that regulation 

as a share in total electricity sent by that company to end users. That value is changed every year and 

increase form 7% in 2008 to 12,9% in 2017. 

Transmission System 

On the basis of current effective regulations of the Energy Law and licenses obtained from the President of 

the Energy Regulatory Authority, PSE Operator S.A. (until 30 of June 2004 Polskie Sieci 

Elektroenergetzcyne SA (PSE SA) is responsible for the transmission of electricity through the national 

transmission network, performing these activities throughout the entire territory of the Republic of Poland. 

PSE Operator S.A. is the operator of the national transmission system (220, 400 and 750 kV), which consist 

of 232 lines on total length of ca. 13185 km and 98 of the power substation (status at the end of 2007 year). 

Since 1995 the Polish Power System has operated synchronously with the UCTE system, and since 17 May 

2001 , PSE Operator S.A. has been the founding member of new UCTE. Since 30 November 2001, PSE 

Operator S.A. is the associate member of the ETSO. 

The Polish transmission system is interconnected with neighbouring countries Sweden, Germany, Slovakia, 

Czech Republic, Belarus and Ukraine. Interconnections with Belarus and Ukraine due to connection of 

Polish power system with the UCTE one, are temporarily out of operation. 

In next years for increasing import capacity two system connection are planned: 

- for year 2015 were assumed: Lithuania – 500 MW and Ukraine – 1200 MW. 

- for year 2020: Lithuania – 1000 MW, Ukraine 1200 MW. 

Both of them will be asynchronous connections with back-to-back stations. 

2009-180-0004 31 


PORTUGAL 

Organisation of the Portuguese Electricity Market 

The National Electricity System (SEN) can be divided into five major functions: generation, transmission, 

distribution, supply and operation of the electricity market. Each of these functions is operated 

independently, from a legal, organizational and decision-making standpoint, subject to certain exceptions. 

NATIONAL NATIONAL ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY SYSTEM SYSTEM (SEN) 

(SEN) 

ENERGY ENERGY GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT DEPT. DEPT. (DGE) (DGE) 

INDEP. INDEP. REGULATORY REGULATORY ENTITY 

ENTITY 

(ERSE) 

(ERSE) 

GENERATION GENERATION 

PUBLIC PUBLIC SERVICE SERVICE OF 

OF 

SUPPLY 

SUPPLY 

MARKET 

MARKET 

ELECTRIC ELECTRIC GRID GRID (RESP) 

(RESP) 

OPERATOR 

OPERATOR 

CONVENTIONAL 

CONVENTIONAL 

REGIME REGIME (PRO) 

(PRO) 

SPECIAL 

SPECIAL 

REGIME REGIME (PRE) 

(PRE) 

TRANSMISSION 

TRANSMISSION 

SYSTEM 

SYSTEM 

OPERATOR OPERATOR (TSO) 

(TSO) 

Very Very High High Voltage 

Voltage 

(RNT) 

(RNT) 

DISTRIBUTION 

DISTRIBUTION 

SYSTEM 

SYSTEM 

OPERATOR OPERATOR (DSO) 

(DSO) 

High/Medium High/Medium Voltage 

Voltage 

(RND) 

(RND) 

Low Low Voltage Voltage (RNDBT) 

(RNDBT) 

FREE, FREE, SUBJECT 

SUBJECT 

TO TO LICENSE 

LICENSE 

LAST LAST RESOURCE 

RESOURCE 

SUPPLIER 

SUPPLIER 

Electricity Generation is fully open to competition, subject to obtaining the requisite licenses and approvals. 

The participants are separated into two categories: Ordinary Regime Generation (PRO) and Special Regime 

Generation (PRE). The PRE is characterised by the generation of electricity using CHP and renewable energy 

sources (small-hydro, wind and other renewable). This regime is subject to different licensing requirements 

and benefits from special tariffs. The last resort supplier is obliged to purchase all electricity generated 

under the special regime generation. 

The Public Service of Electric Grid (RESP) comprises the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and the 

Distribution System Operator (DSO). The TSO and the DSO operate the electric grid under a public-service 

concession regime. Rede Eléctrica Nacional, SA has the concession of the National Transmission Grid (RNT), 

operating in very high voltage. Both transmission and distribution are subject to the tariffs and conditions 

laid down by the electricity regulator (ERSE). 

The Supply of electricity is fully open to competition, subject to obtaining the requisite licenses and 

approvals. Suppliers are able to freely buy and sell electricity, and have the right of access to the 

transmission and distribution grids upon payment of access charges set by ERSE. Within this activity it was 

established the last resort supplier. 

The organized Electricity Markets operate on a free market basis, subject to authorizations jointly granted 

by the Minister of Finance and by the Minister responsible for the energy sector. Generators operating 

under the ordinary regime generation and suppliers, among others, can become market members. 

Recent developments 

On the 1st of July 2007 the daily market operated by the Spanish branch began operating at the Iberian 

level, after termination of the power purchase agreements between REN and EDP Produção. The market 

2009-180-0004 32 


agents have the possibility of purchasing/supplying electricity through the markets managed by OMI, in 

addition to the bilateral contract method already provided for in the previous framework. 

TURKEY 

Structure and situation of electricity industry (generation, transmission, distribution) 

Turkey has already passed the “Electricity Market Law” dated 3 rd March, 2001 to constitute the legal 

framework required for the restructured electricity sector, in compliance with the European Union’s 

“Electricity Directive”. Thus, the new market model seeks to align the electricity industry with the principals 

applicable to Member States of the European Union as articulated first in the 96/92/EC European Directive 

and then 2003/54/EC Directive on the internal market for electricity within the EU. In this context, the 

implemented wide restructuring and privatisation programme towards the creation of a liberalized, 

apparent, non-discriminatory electricity market is ongoing. 

In this respect, the former TEAŞ (Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Co.) has been unbundled by 

the Decree of the Council of Ministers issued on 2 nd March, 2001 in line with the Electricity Market Law and 

the following public companies are established. 

Electricity Generation Company (EÜAŞ) 

As a state owned company, it operates the state owned generation plants which are not transferred to the 

private sector. It may also remain as asset owner of the plants for which only operational rights are already 

transferred to the private sector. If it becomes necessary, this company shall build and operate new power 

plants. It takes over the hydraulic power plants constructed by DSI (State Hydro Works). 

The Generation Company makes energy sales contracts with wholesale companies and connection, use of 

system and ancillary service contracts with the TEİAŞ. 

Turkish Electricity Trading and Contracting Company (TETAŞ) 

As a state owned company, TETAŞ is responsible for the execution of those contracts previously signed with 

generators, distribution companies and retailers and acts as a wholesale trading company to make new 

contracts where necessary. Its main function is to continue specifically in the “Transition Period”, until a 

fully liberalized market is established. The wholesale price tariff is prepared by TETAŞ. EÜAŞ sells most of its 

generation to TETAŞ. 

Turkish Electricity Transmission Co. (TEİAŞ) 

TEİAŞ has taken over all transmission facilities in the country and become a national grid company to plan, 

build and operate the transmission facilities. 

TEİAŞ is the owner and operator of the transmission system in the new structure of the energy sector. Yet, 

it assumes the function of balancing and reconciliation in the market where the most of the legislations 

have been enacted. 

TEİAŞ established a strong and good quality 400 kV system between eastern and western parts of the 

country and many new power plants can be connected to this system with some extensions without the 

need of major reinforcements up to year 2010. 

400 kV transmission voltage level was studied several times and found adequate for the system expansion 

up to year 2010 unless some unpredictable events take place in the region, such as bulk power 

transmission between Asian and European parts of the country or serious changes occur in the domestic 

fuel reserves of the country. 

2009-180-0004 33 


Turkish Electricity Distribution Co. (TEDAŞ) 

Turkish Electricity Distribution Co. (TEDAŞ) owns and operates the main distribution facilities. More than 

71% of the country consumption was supplied by TEDAŞ in 2005. As a state-owned company, it has an 

obligation to provide distribution and retail services to about 28 million customers, scattered throughout 

the country. 

According to the privatization strategy, distribution regions will be privatized through the methods of 

asset sale, rent, transfer of operating rights or combination of them or through other legal methods. In 

this respect, TEDAŞ is included in privatization programme and TEDAŞ has rearranged its articles of 

incorporation related to administrative, financial and legal issues and continues to perform its activities 

accordingly. 

With above respect, the distribution regions were determined separating Turkey into 21 regions and 

establishing 20 public Electricity Distribution Companies that started to operate on March 1 st , 2005 of 

which 1 region was privatized. In 2008, Seventh Local District covering the provinces of Denizli, Aydın and 

Muğla in south-Aegean Turkey was privatized. By the end of 2008, there existed two segment of 

distribution companies i.e. 19 Public Companies and 2 private, in Turkey 

Country’s technical information 

Turkey transmission system comprises 400 kV EHV and 154 kV HV transmission lines, 400/154 kV 

autotransformers, 400 kV and 154 kV step down transformers as well as the sufficient quantity of serial 

and shunt compensators which offer technical and economical advantages. 

“National Transmission System” which transfers the produced electrical energy to consumers centers has 

continued its progress and by the end of 2007 has reached, 14,338 km transmission line with 28,715 MVA 

transformer capacity at 400 kV voltage level, all owned by TEİAŞ and 31,383 km transmission line with 

52,669 MVA transformer capacity at 154 kV level. 

The losses in the transmission system with high design standards and being the most suitable to the 

country conditions have proceeded below 3 % by the end of 2007 which corresponded to the 

international performance levels while the works to improve the system efficiency are continued. Heavy 

transmission investments about 150-200 Million $ / year needed to cope with the rapid growing demand. 

The Turkish 400 kV grid complies with the (N-1) security criterion. 

Turkey’s strong transmission system in full compliance with UCTE norms and standards has following 

characteristics: 

Voltage levels are 400,154 and 66 kV. The last i.e. 66 kV level is not widespread and shall be upgraded to 

154 kV soon. The number of 400 kV substations is 61, 154 kV substations 459 and 66 kV substations 15. 

The 154 kV lines are replaced with underground cabling and out-door transformer substations with indoor 

substations in densely populated cities for reliable operation and with the view not to destruct the 

city esthetics. 

TEIAS Headquarters is located in Ankara. There are 20 Regional Divisions responsible from the Installation 

and Operation of the transmission facilities. The Turkish transmission system is operated by the National 

Control Centre (NCC) and by 9 Regional Control Centers (RCCs). NCC is located in Ankara. 

Main changes experienced by electricity sector in the country (i.e. establishment of a power Exchange; 

etc.) 

Turkey has interconnections with Azerbaijan (Nahcievan), Georgia, Armenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Iran, Iraq and 

Syria, most of which had been used for power exchanges in the past. Nahcievan, Syria, Iraq Lines are used 

for export while the lines with Bulgaria, Iran and Georgia for import of electricity. At present, power 

transfer from Turkmenistan over the power system of Iran is ongoing. Energy transport to Iraq which was 

2009-180-0004 34 


started in 2003 is continued. In July 2005, power exchange with Adjara Republic has been started over the 

existing Georgia line. 

Turkey attaches great importance to realize synchronous parallel interconnection with UCTE through 

Balkans. For this purpose, the second 400 kV transmission line between Turkey and Bulgaria was completed 

in 2002 and the part in Turkish territories of a 400 kV new transmission line between Turkey and Greece 

was completed in 2006 while the Greece part in 2008. In 2007, Turkey-Greece 400 kV line was energized at 

154 kV and power transfer was made to Greece to meet their summer demands. The technical studies and 

performance tests for Turkey’s integration to the UCTE grid with the financial support of EC have 

satisfactorily been completed and trial run with the UCTE gird is expected in the near future. 

TEİAŞ participates in various regional and inter-regional integration initiatives and projects namely “Eight 

Countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Syria and Turkey) Interconnection Project” which 

is considered as a part of MEDRING and also the ongoing "Black Sea Transmission Planning Project" under 

Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC). TEİAŞ also takes part in Energy Community for South 

East Europe (ECSEE) which aims the establishment of a competitive energy market in South East Europe 

and its integration to the internal electricity market of the EU. TEİAŞ participates in the sub-working groups 

of SETSO which have been established for the above purpose. 

At east, Turkey actively participated in the Project of the Interconnection and Parallel Functioning of the 

Electrical Systems of ECO Member Countries which feasibility study was terminated by the end of 2008, 

due to some technical problems. ECO decided to investigate new financial sources to complete the 

feasibility study. 

Applicable laws, grid code, institutional structures, regulators, market opening and eligible clients, state 

of unbundling 

The electricity market was officially opened on the 3rd of March 2003. All consumers directly connected to 

the transmission network as well as consumers with the consumption more than 9 GWh per year were 

characterized as eligible customers - a threshold that has now fallen to 1.2 GWh per year. The Strategy 

Paper for Electricity Market Reform and Privatization which was adopted at High Planning Council under 

the chairmanship of the Prime Minister envisages full market opening by 2011. 

From December 2003 to July 2006, the transitional financial settlement system, in which the virtual 

implementation was realized depending on the bid and offer prices delivered by the market participants, is 

employed as an interim solution, and replaced by the actual implementation of the Balancing and 

Settlement Regulation as of 1 August 2006. 

As one of the main functions of TEİAŞ, Turkish Electricity Market turned into the partial open market 

structure from single seller/buyer structure, as per the “Communiqué Regarding the Principles and 

Procedures of Financial Settlement”. Balancing Market was established by putting into effect the 

“Electricity Market Balancing And Settlement Regulation” published in the Official Gazette dated 3rd 

November 2004 and by this way the principles and procedures regarding activities related with real-time 

balancing, the active electricity demand and supply, and financial settlement of payables and receivables 

arising from participation of the licensees in balancing and settlement mechanism were defined. 

Developing of current regulation and necessary systems’ procurement and installation studies’ were begun 

for the purpose of ensuring the supply of sufficient and good quality energy with low-cost in continuous 

manner and establishing a financially sound, stable and transparent electricity market. 

Due to market participants’ entering into the balancing system and/or for the reason of energy surplus or 

lack, a new trading area is constituted for market participants where withdrawal energy from the system 

and/or supply energy to the system is maintained. 

The trial period of balancing and settlement regulations was between November 2004 and August 2006. 

After the end of trial period,” Electricity Market Balancing & Settlement Regulation” which brings a 

2009-180-0004 35 


platform for competitive bilateral contracts for the market participants, including day ahead planning, real 

time balancing and settlement of balancing/imbalance energy, came into force and is being implemented 

actually since the first of August 2006 with its financial rules. 

The Electricity Market Law No:4628 has been amended in 2008 to allow TEİAŞ cross border investing. 

Access types (TPA..) and limitations (congestion….), access tariffs. 

Third party access to the network, which is foreseen by Electricity Market Law without discrimination 

between the parties, is in implementation in line with the regulations under the supervision of the EMRA. 

Licensing procedure is defined in the Electricity Market Licensing Regulation. Any legal entity established in 

accordance with the Turkish Commercial Law may engage in electricity market activities through obtaining 

relevant license from the EMRA. 

2009-180-0004 36 


2.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand 

II. DEMAND 

Table 2.1.1 Annual Energy and Peak Demand AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,222 9,480 9,700 11,200 

Total Demand (TWh) 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.4 68.0 68.4 81.0 92 

Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 

Connected System (*) 

1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,222 9,480 9,700 11,200 

Total Demand (TWh) 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.4 68.0 68.4 81.0 

Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 1 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,368 6,338 6,466 6,940 7,239 7,421 

Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 

Table 2.1.2 Annual Energy and Peak Demand BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 7,900 10,400 12,950 13,702 14,033 15,311 17,261 




12 12 1 2 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 7,900 10,400 12,653 13,702 14,033 15,311 17,261 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 2 12 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,038 6,004 6,543 6,309 6,309 


Table 2.1.3 Annual Energy and Peak Demand BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,900 8,100 7,100 6,930 7,030 7,890 10,500 13,340 

Total Demand (TWh) 34.9 41.2 31.7 33.3 34.4 36.2 52.7 67.4 



12 12 1 1 1 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,900 8,100 7,100 6,930 7,030 7,890 10,500 13,340 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 1 1 12 12 12 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,049 5,079 4,485 4,805 4,893 4,588 5,019 5,052 


(*) Without isolated system 

2009-180-0004 37 


Table 2.1.4 Annual Energy and Peak Demand CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 200 372 688 904 1,041 1,191 1,650 2,150 




7 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 200 372 688 904 1,041 1,191 1,650 2,150 



Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Table 2.1.5 Annual Energy and Peak Demand CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,000 9,000 11,397 11,059 11,200 12,000 12,500 




2 1 1 11 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,000 9,000 11,397 11,400 11,200 12,000 12,500 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 2 1 1 11.0 1 1 1 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,333 6,333 5,641 5,832.0 6,070 6,458 6,640 


Table 2.1.6 Annual Energy and Peak Demand GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,200 63,100 76,800 77,800 78,500 76,300 78,800 77,500 




11 12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,200 63,100 76,800 77,800 78,500 76,300 78,800 77,500 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 11 12 12 12 12 12 



Table 2.1.7 Annual Energy and Peak Demand DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 4,700 5,900 6,200 6,400 6,400 6,800 6,900 8,000 




2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 

Peak Demand (MW) 4,700 5,900 6,200 6,400 6,400 6,800 6,900 8,000 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 5,771 


2009-180-0004 38 


Table 2.1.8 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,262 1,478 1,487 1,590 2,287 

Total Demand (TWh) 6.5 8.4 6.7 8.0 9 8.3 11.9 



12 2 2 2 2 

Peak Demand (MW) 

Total Demand (TWh) 


Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 

1,262 1,478 1,487 1,590 2,287 


Table 2.1.9 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 19,151 26,292 35,275 45,004 47,563 50,985 63,472 73,885 




102.0 145.8 214.5 282.1 290.5 316.5 399.8 470.3 

Peak Demand (MW) 18,572 25,160 33,236 42,153 44,876 47,506 58,347 66,490 





Table 2.1.10 Annual Energy and Peak Demand FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,600 10,450 12,400 14,800 14,900 16,200 16,800 18,000 




2 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,600 10,450 12,400 14,800 14,900 16,200 16,800 18,000 





Table 2.1.11 Annual Energy and Peak Demand FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 44,100 63,400 72,400 85,600 83,500 90,900 96,600 




12 12 1 1 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 44,100 63,400 72,400 85,600 83,500 90,900 96,600 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 5,639 5,513 6,086 5,589 5,949 5,898 5,970 



2009-180-0004 39 


Table 2.1.12 Annual Energy and Peak Demand UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,100 57,300 64,100 66,430 68,512 64,147 68,488 73,968 




1 12 12 1 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 52,100 57,300 64,100 66,430 68,512 64,147 68,488 73,968 





Table 2.1.13 Annual Energy and Peak Demand GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,554 4,924 8,531 9,961 10,610 10,547 12,761 




12 12 7 8 7 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,554 4,924 8,531 9,961 10,610 10,547 12,761 





Table 2.1.14 Annual Energy and Peak Demand HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,127 6,554 5,800 6,455 6,180 6,140 7,390 8,654 




12 12 12 12 11 12 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 5,107 6,534 5,742 6,432 6,180 6,140 7,390 8,654 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 5,187 5,767 5,990 5,951 

Table 2.1.15 Annual Energy and Peak Demand IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,800 2,500 3,800 5,600 7,000 8,500 




1 12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,800 2,500 3,800 5,600 7,000 8,500 

Total Demand (TWh) 9.5 13.0 22.3 31.9 40.4 49.0 





2009-180-0004 40 


Table 2.1.16 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 31,400 40,500 49,000 61,200 75,900 90,900 




12 12 12 7 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 31,400 40,500 49,000 61,200 75,900 90,900 





Table 2.1.17 Annual Energy and Peak Demand LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 2,200 2,800 1,500 1,970 1,970 2,130 2,630 3,120 




12 2 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 2,200 2,800 1,500 1,970 1,970 2,130 2,630 3,120 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 12 2 12 



Table 2.1.18 Annual Energy and Peak Demand LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 500 600 900 1,035 1,061 1,100 1,300 1,500 




12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 500 600 900 1,035 1,061 1,100 1,300 1,500 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 928 947 990 1,180 1,320 

Table 2.1.19 Annual Energy and Peak Demand LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,700 1,900 1,140 1,420 1,370 1,500 2,200 2,700 




12 12 1 12 2 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,700 1,900 1,140 1,420 1,370 1,400 2,200 2,700 






2009-180-0004 41 


Table 2.1.20 Annual Energy and Peak Demand MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 354 404 434 

Total Demand (TWh) 1.9 2.3 2.3 



1 7 7 

Peak Demand (MW) 0 0 0 

Total Demand (TWh) 0 0 0 

Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 0 0 0 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 0 0 0 

Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 0 0 0 

Table 2.1.21 Annual Energy and Peak Demand NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 11,000 13,000 15,180 18,354 18,736 17,878 21,793 26,565 




12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 11,000 13,000 15,180 18,354 18,736 17,878 21,793 26,565 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 12,255 17,855 16,614 16,000 19,500 22,500 

Table 2.1.22 Annual Energy and Peak Demand POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 19,133 21,476 20,499 22,797 22,875 24,574 29,269 33,779 




1 1 1 12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 19,133 21,476 20,499 22,797 22,875 24,574 29,269 33,779 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h 19,986 19,742 21,756 20,918 22,761 27,109 31,287 

Table 2.1.23 Annual Energy and Peak Demand PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,055 4,969 7,585 9,289 9,558 9,248 11,664 14,459 




1 12 1 1 12 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,000 4,861 6,909 8,799 9,110 8,892 11,286 13,990 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 5,877 7,281 7,347 


2009-180-0004 42 


Table 2.1.24 Annual Energy and Peak Demand ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,100 9,600 7,370 8,151 8,681 8,000 10,619 13,695 




12 4 1 12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 9,100 9,600 7,370 8,151 8,681 8,000 10,619 13,695 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 7,205 6,916 6,375 9,528 11,810 

Table 2.1.25 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 17,700 23,300 26,000 26,300 26,200 23,300 24,000 24,200 




2 11 1 1 2 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 17,700 23,300 26,000 26,300 26,200 23,300 24,000 24,200 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesday, 18:00h CET 23,800 25,361 22,730 

Table 2.1.26 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,400 1,700 1,700 2,241 2,476 




12 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 1,400 1,700 1,700 2,241 2,476 

Total Demand (TWh) 5.6 9.2 12.3 16.1 17.8 


Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 4,900 5,100 5,300 5,400 5,500 


Table 2.1.27 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,300 4,100 4,050 4,800 5,600 6,200 

Total Demand (TWh) 22.2 26.9 25.7 27.2 28 31.0 35.2 39.5 



1 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,300 4,100 4,050 4,800 5,600 6,200 


Date of Peak Demand (month of the year) 1 12 12 12 

Use factor of Connected Peak Demand (h/a) 6,425 6,458 6,286 6,370 



2009-180-0004 43 


Table 2.1.28 Annual Energy and Peak Demand SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,700 8,500 9,000 10,200 9,953 10,150 10,835 11,566 




1 12 1 2 12 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 6,700 8,500 9,000 10,200 9,953 10,150 10,835 11,566 




Peak Demand (connected system), 3rd Wednesda 6,700 8,500 9,000 10,200 9,953 10,150 10,835 11,566 

Table 2.1.29 Annual Energy and Peak Demand NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 14,098 17,047 20,216 21,575 21,588 22,733 24,323 25,848 




2 11 12 3 12 1 1 1 

Peak Demand (MW) 14,098 17,047 20,216 21,575 21,588 22,733 24,323 25,848 





Table 2.1.30 Annual Energy and Peak Demand TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,947 9,180 19,524 27,594 29,249 38,785 79,350 




11 12 11 12 12 12 12 

Peak Demand (MW) 3,947 9,180 19,524 27,594 29,249 38,785 79,350 





Table 2.1.31 Annual Energy and Peak Demand EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 310,520 399,637 460,384 445,803 367,680 523,072 594,860 610,215 




1,841 2,343 2,846 3,136 3,136 3,217 3,655 3,181 

Peak Demand (MW) 309,866 398,377 456,960 442,035 364,452 519,137 589,357 602,351 



1,779 2,320 2,808 2,685 2,229 3,170 3,592 3,705 




2009-180-0004 44 


Table 2.1.32 Annual Energy and Peak Demand EU-30 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total System 

Peak Demand (MW) 335,265 434,364 509,124 505,172 428,470 594,740 709,368 647,629 




1,985 2,551 3,146 3,488 3,507 3,652 4,364 3,405 

Peak Demand (MW) 334,611 433,104 505,700 501,404 425,242 590,805 703,865 639,765 



1,923 2,528 3,109 3,038 2,600 3,605 4,302 3,929 




2009-180-0004 45 


2.2 Sectoral Breakdown 

Table 2.2.1 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 33.7 43.9 53.2 62.0 64.3 64.7 77.0 88.0 

of which Agriculture 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 17.0 

Industry 19.2 24.7 27.5 29.8 31.0 31.0 37.3 42.3 

Transport 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.2 5.1 

Services 2.3 4.0 6.3 12.2 12.7 12.8 15.1 17.3 

Households 8.8 11.2 14.5 15.2 15.8 16.2 19.0 21.6 

Network Losses 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.2 

Total Electricity Demand 36.3 46.9 56.9 65.4 68.0 68.4 81.0 92.2 

* Industry includes Trade 

Table 2.2.2 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 45.0 58.0 77.5 82.7 82.9 91.8 103.5 

of which Agriculture 0 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 

Industry 30.5 39.9 40.2 40.1 50.2 55.4 

Transport 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.1 

Services 7.8 12.2 17.1 18.1 19.6 24.6 

Households 18.4 23.7 22.7 21.9 19.0 21.0 

Network Losses 2.7 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.8 5.4 

Total Electricity Demand 47.7 61.5 81.2 86.9 87.0 96.6 108.9 

Table 2.2.3 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 18.5 20.3 13.0 17.1 18.3 18.7 29.6 36.8 

Transport 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.5 

Services 4.2 3.8 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.9 5.0 9.7 

Households 6.8 10.5 9.8 9.3 9.4 8.2 10.7 12.9 



Table 2.2.4 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Industry 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 

Transport 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Services 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.3 3.2 

Households 0.2 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.4 



2009-180-0004 46 


Table 2.2.5 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 23.9 28.2 24.5 29.2 29.5 31.5 35.6 37.7 

Transport 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.7 4.2 

Services 8.5 10.0 10.1 11.6 12.3 11.7 14.1 15.8 

Households 6.2 9.6 13.8 15.2 14.6 15.5 16.9 17.7 



Table 2.2.6 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 175.0 199.0 239.1 253.7 255.3 252.0 250.0 247.0 

Transport 11.0 11.0 15.9 16.3 16.4 16.0 19.0 20.0 

Services 58.0 81.0 108.4 119.8 120.8 123.0 122.0 118.0 

Households 86.0 100.0 130.5 141.5 140.2 139.0 137.0 135.0 



Table 2.2.7 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 5.5 8.4 9.6 9.9 9.8 9.1 10.2 11.9 

Transport 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Services 6.9 8.6 10.2 11.3 11.6 10.8 12.2 14.2 

Households 7.4 9.0 9.5 9.9 9.7 8.9 10.1 11.7 



Table 2.2.8 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 1.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Industry 3.0 3.5 2.2 2.6 2.7 

Transport 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.3 2.4 

Services 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Households 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.8 



Table 2.2.9 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 56.5 68.0 86.4 104.1 107.3 113.9 134.4 146.8 

Transport 1.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.2 5.6 11.0 17.5 

Services 11.9 25.1 52.6 76.8 78.2 87.9 116.7 144.0 

Households 19.6 30.7 49.5 69.6 72.6 79.0 102.7 124.3 



2009-180-0004 47 


Table 2.2.10 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 23.2 33.0 43.7 48.0 47.7 42.2 51.8 55.8 

Transport 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 

Services 5.5 10.4 13.3 15.2 16.5 15.2 18.9 21.2 

Households 8.2 14.6 18.1 22.1 21.5 23.6 25.4 26.1 



Table 2.2.11 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 3.5 4.7 5.7 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.9 

Industry 117.9 141.2 164.1 157.7 168.2 171.6 185.6 

Transport 6.9 6.7 10.5 12.1 11.9 14.1 16.3 

Services 43.6 76.1 104.7 123.7 131.9 150.9 162.1 

Households 59.6 94.2 125.7 147.1 145.4 157.4 167.6 



Table 2.2.12 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 98.7 110.6 125.0 126.8 126.4 120.1 122.3 132.1 

Transport 3.0 5.3 8.6 8.2 8.3 8.1 9.1 9.7 

Services 51.4 70.9 90.5 97.6 97.1 94.9 106.6 114.1 

Households 86.1 93.8 111.8 116.4 115.1 113.3 120.9 131.8 



Table 2.2.13 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 10.9 13.3 15.9 16.9 16.3 17.4 21.0 

Transport 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Services 3.3 5.6 12.3 17.5 18.8 19.9 24.1 

Households 5.6 9.1 14.2 17.7 18.0 19.0 23.1 



Table 2.2.14 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) HUNGARY 

2009-180-0004 48 


1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 19.2 18.4 15.5 15.0 15.8 13.6 15.2 16.8 

Transport 0.6 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.7 5.0 

Services 2.5 5.4 5.8 7.2 7.7 8.0 11.0 13.0 

Households 4.4 8.7 9.8 11.3 10.5 11.1 13.6 15.8 



Table 2.2.15 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 

Industry 3.1 4.4 7.8 9.6 11.7 14.2 

Transport 

Services 1.8 2.8 5.5 9.3 12.3 14.9 

Households 3.5 4.6 7.0 10.0 12.6 15.3 



Table 2.2.16 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


of which Agriculture 2.6 4.2 4.9 5.4 5.7 7.1 

Industry 100.0 119.5 148.2 165.7 188.3 213.5 

Transport 4.8 6.3 8.5 10.5 15.6 22.7 

Services 18.4 36.0 56.6 85.6 126.5 175.9 

Households 37.8 52.7 61.1 71.0 85.6 97.8 



Table 2.2.17 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 5.0 6.2 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.5 4.5 5.5 

Transport 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 

Services 1.4 1.9 1.6 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.5 5.4 

Households 1.1 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.5 4.3 



Table 2.2.18 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.8 5.0 

Transport 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Services 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 

Households 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Network Losses 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 


Table 2.2.19 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) LATVIA 

2009-180-0004 49 


1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 3.3 3.9 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 3.3 4.1 

Transport 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 

Services 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 4.0 5.0 

Households 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.2 



Table 2.2.20 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 1.6 2.0 2.0 

of which Agriculture 

Industry 0.6 0.7 0.7 

Transport 0 0 0 

Services 0.5 0.6 0.6 

Households 0.5 0.7 0.7 

Network Losses 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Table 2.2.21 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 31.0 32.0 38.0 41.6 42.5 39.3 47.9 58.4 

Transport 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.7 

Services 7.9 20.7 24.2 28.7 29.3 28.2 34.4 41.9 

Households 15.3 16.5 24.6 28.4 28.8 28.4 34.7 42.3 



Table 2.2.22 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 66.9 54.7 55.1 54.6 58.4 59.0 65.5 74.8 

Transport 4.8 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.6 4.3 4.7 6.3 

Services 11.5 18.6 23.1 35.1 34.3 34.9 44.4 55.5 

Households 10.7 20.6 21.0 27.5 27.5 32.7 42.8 53.5 



Table 2.2.23 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 8.4 11.5 15.8 17.6 18.0 17.0 19.7 23.7 

Transport 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 

Services 2.5 5.7 11.8 16.0 16.3 16.5 22.4 28.6 

Households 3.3 5.9 10.0 13.4 13.9 14.1 17.7 22.0 



2009-180-0004 50 


Table 2.2.24 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 45.2 46.0 26.5 29.2 29.5 26.7 33.8 41.6 

Transport 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.5 

Services 3.1 3.2 3.2 5.1 5.7 6.0 7.8 10.3 

Households 4.9 5.3 7.6 10.3 10.4 10.6 13.1 16.6 



Table 2.2.25 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 42.1 65.1 65.3 62.7 63.8 54.8 59.3 59.8 

Transport 2.3 2.5 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 5.0 8.0 

Services 13.9 23.2 24.7 25.9 26.0 26.8 27.5 28.3 

Households 25.1 36.7 39.3 40.7 39.7 39.8 38.4 37.0 



Table 2.2.26 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 1.7 2.6 3.5 4.7 5.2 

Transport 1.9 3.2 4.2 5.5 6.1 

Services 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 

Households 1.3 2.2 2.9 3.7 4.1 



Table 2.2.27 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 13.6 15.2 11.5 13.0 14.1 15.7 

Transport 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 

Services 2.6 3.7 4.5 6.0 7.3 8.8 

Households 2.3 3.8 5.8 7.1 8.2 9.1 



Table 2.2.28 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 11.9 17.2 18.1 19.0 19.0 19.2 19.9 20.7 

Transport 2.1 4.0 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.8 

Services 10.8 11.3 13.4 15.3 15.2 15.5 16.5 17.6 

Households 10.1 13.2 15.7 17.7 17.5 18.0 19.7 21.6 



2009-180-0004 51 


Table 2.2.29 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 39.3 45.9 51.1 48.4 46.7 52.8 56.3 61.0 

Transport 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 

Services 11.5 19.9 23.2 23.7 24.9 27.5 29.5 31.2 

Households 23.6 31.2 34.2 35.5 37.4 39.0 42.0 44.3 



Table 2.2.30 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Industry 12.2 27.3 48.8 68.0 73.8 101.1 227.8 

Transport 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.6 4.0 

Services 4.4 9.5 22.1 35.4 38.9 48.8 105.1 

Households 3.5 9.1 23.9 34.5 36.5 45.3 90.2 



Table 2.2.31 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 1,703.6 2,175.4 2,633.4 2,924.6 2,956.0 3,004.3 3,416.6 3,591.7 


Industry 892.1 1,060.6 1,184.2 1,067.3 923.3 1,268.5 1,393.5 1,429.1 

Transport 48.9 61.6 78.2 66.2 55.7 83.6 106.8 126.1 

Services 262.8 427.2 587.7 631.7 516.8 762.5 917.4 1,005.2 

Households 405.5 562.6 716.2 727.2 579.2 823.2 924.4 966.6 


Total Electricity Demand 1,840.6 2,342.6 2,846.0 3,133.3 3,163.7 3,217.1 3,654.8 3,849.5 

Table 2.2.32 Breakdown of Total Demand (TWh) EU-30 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Final Consumption 1,834.4 2,366.4 2,895.2 3,238.8 3,285.2 3,383.6 4,044.2 3,798.0 


Industry 955.5 1,151.0 1,302.2 1,202.7 1,062.8 1,441.6 1,697.5 1,510.8 

Transport 51.8 66.6 83.5 71.8 61.3 90.9 117.1 133.0 

Services 289.5 467.9 646.4 706.1 595.8 854.3 1,068.5 1,054.0 

Households 442.7 616.1 790.0 814.9 670.6 925.5 1,076.3 1,032.5 


Total Electricity Demand 1,984.5 2,550.9 3,146.3 3,485.9 3,534.6 3,652.0 4,364.2 4,073.8 

2009-180-0004 52 


2.3 Customers 

Table 2.3.1 Customers AUSTRIA 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) - - 

Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,100.0 5,200.0 

Not Eligible Customers (TWh) - - 

Eligible Customers (TWh) 62.0 64.3 

Table 2.3.2 Customers BELGIUM 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.3 Customers BULGARIA 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,049.0 5,177.9 

Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0.2 1.2 

Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 19.4 20.2 


Table 2.3.4 Customers CYPRUS 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 454.3 469.3 




Table 2.3.5 Customers CZECH REPUBLIC 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0 


Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 0 


Table 2.3.6 Customers GERMANY 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.7 Customers DENMARK 

2006 2007 





2009-180-0004 53 


Table 2.3.8 Customers ESTONIA 

2006 2007 


Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 0 



Table 2.3.9 Customers SPAIN 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.10 Customers FINLAND 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.11 Customers FRANCE 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 28,500.0 0 


Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 143.6 0 


Table 2.3.12 Customers UNITED KINGDOM 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.13 Customers GREECE 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,744.9 857.0 




Table 2.3.14 Customers HUNGARY 

2006 2007 





2009-180-0004 54 


Table 2.3.15 Customers IRELAND 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 0 - 

Eligible Customers (Thousands) 2,000.0 - 

Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 - 

Eligible Customers (TWh) 25.4 - 

Table 2.3.16 Customers ITALY 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 29,881.0 - 

Eligible Customers (Thousands) 5,646.0 35 926,8 

Not Eligible Customers (TWh) 143.7 - 


Table 2.3.17 Customers LITHUANIA 

2006 2007 


Eligible Customers (Thousands) 60.0 1,400.0 



Table 2.3.18 Customers LUXEMBOURG 

2006 2007 

Not Eligible Customers (Thousands) 195.0 0 




Table 2.3.19 Customers LATVIA 

2006 2007 




Eligible Customers (TWh) 0 0 

Table 2.3.20 Customers MALTA 





Table 2.3.21 Customers NETHERLANDS 

2006 2007 





2009-180-0004 55 


Table 2.3.22 Customers POLAND 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.23 Customers PORTUGAL 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.24 Customers ROMANIA 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.25 Customers SWEDEN 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.25 Customers SLOVENIA 

2006 2007 


Eligible Customers (Thousands) - - 


Eligible Customers (TWh) - - 

Table 2.3.26 Customers SLOVAKIA 

2006 2007 





Table 2.3.27 Customers SWITERLAND 

2006 2007 





2009-180-0004 56 


Table 2.3.28 Customers NORWAY 

2006 2007 




Eligible Customers (TWh) 122.6 0 

Table 2.3.29 Customers TURKEY 

2006 2007 





2009-180-0004 57 


2.4 Comment 

GERMANY 

In 2008 electricity net consumption was 0.2% higher than in 2007 and 11.2% higher than in 1998. This 

corresponds to an average annual growth rate of 1.1% since 1998. 

In conjunction with GDP growth a further decoupling of electricity consumption and economic growth can 

be stated. A higher energy efficiency, a better understanding for energy saving measures and a growing 

service sector mainly determine this trend. 

BULGARIA 

The realized gross electricity consumption in the country in 2007, including own consumption of the power 

plants and pumping, was 38217 GWh. It increased of 1.6% compared to the previous year. In the same time 

the final electricity consumption is increased of 2.9% and its amount is 29295 GWh. The distribution of the 

electricity consumption by sectors is as follows: 

• Industry 17976 GWh or 61.4%; 

• Services 1731 GWh or 5.9%; 

• Agriculture 212 GWh or 0.7%; 

• Households 9376 GWh or 32.0 %. 

Total 29295 GWh or 100% 

The forecast for the development of the electricity demand in the country is presented in two scenarios. 

According to these scenarios the average annual electricity growth for the period 2005-2030 is envisaged 

between 1.8 % and 2.7 % respectively, where it changes at the different stages as follows: 

Scenario/Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 

Minimum Scenario 

Growth, % 

Maximum Scenario 

Growth, % 

SPAIN 

36 580 

36 580 

42 320 

3,0% 

42 620 

3,1% 

47 150 

2,2% 

49 880 

3,2% 

51 510 

1,8% 

56 710 

2,6% 

53 660 

0,8% 

63 590 

2,3% 

57 130 

1,3% 

72 000 

2,5% 

Annual Growth 

2005-2030 

Table 2.1: the interconnected total and peak demands correspond to the mainland system excluding the 

auto producer’s self-consumption. Total energy demand corresponds to the overall Spain. Peak demand 

does not include the one corresponding to the auto producer’s self-consumption. 

LITHUANIA 

Final electricity consumption in 2008 was 9.88 TWh representing an increase about 3.3 % on the previous 

year. In 2008, the major consuming sector was commerce and others (3.82 TWh). About 2.63 TWh were 

exported during the year 2008. Losses in the network have decreased about 9.8 % i.e. from 1.12 TWh in 

2007 to 1.02 TWh in 2008. 

2009-180-0004 58 


1,8% 

2.7%

LUXEMBOURG 

Overall demand of electricity in Luxembourg amounted to 6,777 GWh in 2007 an increase by 2,4% 

compared to the previous year. 

In Luxembourg, and especially in the public grid of Cegedel Net, we observed a near-perfect correlation 

between the economic growth and general energy demand throughout the past 20 years: a 1 % increase in 

GDP is associated with a growth in demand for electricity of about 0.7 %. 2007 however was en exception 

to the rule, owing to very mild weather conditions, with about 20 % fewer degree (a measure of heating 

requirements during a given period) days than normal. As a result, energy and electricity needs diminished 

in the early months of 2007, with a recovery in demand towards the end of the year. Overall, the electricity 

requirement in the public grid grew by only 0.9 % compared with 2006. 

LATVIA 

In 2007, GDP growth was 10% and that stimulated the increase of electricity consumption by 6%. There is 

increase in residential and industry sector. Although number of population has decreased by 4% since 2000. 

Gross inland electricity consumption per capita in Latvia was two times smaller as EU-27 average. 

MALTA 

The Maltese electricity network presently is an isolated system with no interconnection to the mainland. 

Thus the demand is the final consumption of end-uses consumers plus the network losses. The demand is 

met on supply side by the net electrical energy supplied to the network (no energy absorbed by pumping & 

no exports/imports from abroad exist). 

Enemalta’s operations are therefore characterised by plant operating at a range of different load factors, 

from base load plant (Steam units) running continuously throughout the year, to medium load plant 

operating in ‘two-shifting’ mode (CCGT) through to peak lopping plant (OCGT) operating a few hundred 

hours or less per year. 

3600 

3400 

3200 

3000 

2800 

2600 

2400 

2200 

2000 

Gwh 

1800 

1600 

1400 

1200 

1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

79/80 

81/82 

83/84 

85/86 

87/88 

89/90 

91/92 

93/94 

Power Generated in Gwh 

95/96 

97/98 

99/00 

Year 

01/02 

2009-180-0004 59 


03/04 

2005/2006 

2007/2008 

2009/2010 

2011/2012 

2013/2014 

2015/2016 

2017/2018 

2019/2020

MW 

600 

550 

500 

450 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

POLAND 

Peak power demand usually appears in December or in January around 5 p.m. Its value to some extent 

depends on the outside air temperature. The total electricity consumption in 2008 year according to Energy 

Market Agency (preliminary information) amounted 153,4 TWh and was lower ca 0,5 TWh then in the 2007 

year. 

In the year 2008 the maximum demand for power from the national power grid during the year occurred 

on January 4, and amounted to 24120,3 MW. The decrease amounted ca 2% in relation to the 2007 year. 

Presented projections of the demand for electric energy and the peak load refers to standardised years 

with average temperature. 

For Poland, the electricity consumption projections for the time period 2005-2020 correspond to the 

Development Program for National Transmission System – “Balanced scenario” accepted by Polish 

Regulatory Energy Office (URE) in December 2006. 

PORTUGAL 

Actual Winter 

Actual Summer 

predicted Winter 

predicted Summer 

PREDICTED PEAK LOAD 

0 

1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 

YEAR 

Data for Portugal includes islands information, being the total demand referred to the whole country. 

Regarding data for the Mainland Portugal, in 2007: 

• electricity demand supplied through the public transmission network reached 50.1 TWh, representing a 

1.8% growth rate over the previous year. The final consumption increased 2.5%; 

• the self-consumption of autoproducers decreased about 24%, because a higher number of generators, 

allowed by specific legislation, deliver their production to the public network and are being supplied by 

the public network; 

• Ordinary Regime Generation (PRO) plants met around 63% of the total demand while the Special 

Regime Generation (PRE) met 20%. The international trade balance corresponded to 15% of total 

demand; 

• the peak demand for the connected system was on December, with 9 110 MW, 311 MW above the 

previous maximum, recorded in 2006. 

Regarding data for the islands Azores and Madeira, in 2007 the electricity consumption represented 3.2% 

of the total electricity consumption of the whole country. 

2009-180-0004 60 


600 

550 

500 

450 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

MW

In table “Annual Energy and Peak Demand”, data for the Connected System does not include: 

• demand of Azores and Madeira islands; 

• demand of autoproducers for its own use. 

For medium/long-term planning purposes it is considered that the peak period occurs during 6% of the 

time and an annual load factor of approximately 64% is assumed. Peak demand generally occurs in 

December or January. 

TURKEY 

The most recent forecast of the electricity demand and the peak loads for Turkish Power System covered 

the period 2005-2020. The base scenario corresponds to more realistic economic development and 

decreasing population growth rate over planning period and also reflects the possibilities for the efficient 

electricity consumption in the commercial and industrial sectors and the households. 

According to the results of this study; the electrical energy demand with a yearly average growth rate of 4 

% is expected to reach 190 TWh in the year 2008, 242 TWh in the year 2010 and 499,5 TWh in the year 

2020 from its level of 182 TWh in 2007. Corresponding peak demand is expected to reach 38785 MW in the 

year 2010, and 79350 MW in the year 2020 from its level of 29249 MW in 2007. 

Consumption per capita is expected to reach 2773 kWh in the year 2008 , and 3100 kWh in the year 2010, 

5700 kWh in the year 2020 from its level of 2692 kWh in 2007. 

2009-180-0004 61 


III. SUPPLY 

3.1A Generation Equipment - Capacity By Primary Energy 

Table 3.1A.1 Max Net Generating Capacity on 31/12 by 

Primary Energy (MW) 

AUSTRIA 

1905 1905 1905 1905 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 4,150 5,060 6,121 6,344 6,441 6,600 7,260 8,627 

of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 140 1,080 1,460 

Brown Coal 440 760 421 

Oil 1,170 950 870 

Natural Gas 2,180 2,050 3,090 

Derived Gas 220 220 280 

Hydro 8,210 10,870 11,730 11,852 12,009 12,209 13,229 12,004 

Conventional Hydro 3,520 4,670 5,400 5,399 5,407 

of which Run of River 3,520 4,670 5,400 5,399 5,407 

Pumped and Mixed 4,690 6,200 6,330 6,454 6,602 

Other Renewables 100 110 49 985 1,010 1,100 1,800 4,524 

Solar 

Geothermal 

Wind 972 

of which Wind Onshore 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 

Biomass 1,246 

Waste 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 

Not Specified 160 150 140 91 0 

TOTAL 12,620 16,190 18,040 19,182 19,460 20,000 22,289 25,155 

*Pumped & Mixed = storage power capacity 

Biogas, Biomass, Waste, Refuse Derived Fuel and MSW/Industrial are also partly included in Conventional Thermal and 

Not Specified (Table 3.1.1) 

2009-180-0004 62 




BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,666 5,500 5,713 5,825 5,825 5,801 4,013 7,775 

Fossil Fuel Fired 

of which multifuel 

8,210 7,240 8,051 8,165 8,246 9,431 12,741 12,660 

Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

6,453 

501 

9,763 

501 

Hydro 1,128 1,401 1,492 1,414 1,414 1,497 1,500 1,195 

Conventional Hydro 72 94 104 107 107 109 112 

of which Run of River 55 77 104 107 107 109 112 

Pumped and Mixed 1,056 1,307 1,388 1307 1,307 1,388 1,388 

Other Renewables 0 84 216 773 892 828 1 306 7,399 

Solar 0 2 20 0 1 209 

Geothermal 0 0 0 

Wind 13 212 276 527 882 5,845 

of which Wind Onshore 2,045 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 255 430 3,800 

Biogas 53 68 

Biomass 20 506 528 107 229 1,345 

Waste 130 142 142 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 52 52 52 

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 11,004 14,139 15,472 16,180 16,380 17,557 19,560 29,029 

Note for Belgium: Conventional Thermal total includes multifuel before 2002 



BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,300 2,700 3,500 2,700 1,900 1,900 3,800 5,700 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 1,966 2,021 1,394 1,394 1,394 1,494 1,636 450 

Brown Coal 1,924 2,814 2,960 3,181 3,181 3,302 2,994 3,100 

Oil 450 420 220 220 220 220 220 220 

Natural Gas 490 400 360 360 360 580 970 2,060 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,700 1,800 1,950 1,800 1,800 1,880 2,250 2,460 

Conventional Hydro 1,550 1,650 1,380 1,380 1,380 1,460 1,620 1,620 

of which Run of River 40 40 40 45 45 50 50 50 

Pumped and Mixed 150 150 570 420 420 420 630 840 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 7,830 10,155 10,384 9,675 8,895 10,176 14,270 17,390 

2009-180-0004 63 




CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,338 2,198 2,678 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,118 428 188 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 220 1,770 2,490 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Conventional Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 

of which Run of River 0 0 0 0 0 

Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 116 384 

Solar 0 0 0 6 6 1 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0 0 110 313 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 110 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 70 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,454 2,198 3,062 




1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,651 1,651 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,760 5,000 



Coal 1,447 1,373 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,839 2,659 2,659 

Brown Coal 7,442 9,090 7,976 8,867 8,835 7,285 6,445 5,000 

Oil 0 0 123 123 123 123 123 0 

Natural Gas 106 106 197 310 310 342 649 800 

Derived Gas 65 65 419 419 419 419 419 419 

Hydro 1,300 1,342 2,089 2,175 2,175 2,121 2,121 2,121 

Conventional Hydro 810 852 949 1,028 1,029 981 981 981 


Pumped and Mixed 490 490 1,140 1,146 1,146 1,140 1,140 1,140 

Other Renewables 0 8 1 78 163 468 468 900 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 1 44 114 468 550 900 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 1 44 114 468 550 900 


Biogas 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 8 0 19 34 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 139 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 10,499 13,760 14,232 17,508 17,562 16,357 16,644 16,899 

2009-180-0004 64 




GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 8,607 22,406 22,396 20,430 20,470 20,470 5,400 0 


of which multifuel 10,128 8,723 9,521 8,900 8,800 8,500 7,500 6,500 

Coal 26,893 31,090 30,123 27,774 27,596 28,100 33,400 28,000 

Brown Coal 12,997 11,298 20,050 20,305 20,516 20,600 19,500 19,000 

Oil 12,035 7,229 7,218 6,314 6,258 6,000 5,000 4,000 

Natural Gas 11,611 14,144 20,127 21,027 23,394 25,300 30,400 35,000 

Derived Gas 4,479 4,580 4,510 4,400 1,800 1,500 

Hydro 6,451 6,851 9,392 10,807 10,876 11,030 12,000 12,500 


of which Run of River 3,404 3,760 3,760 3,950 4,000 4,100 

Pumped and Mixed 3,785 4,017 4,654 5,710 5,710 5,730 6,600 7,000 

Other Renewables 3 800 7,186 27,187 30,649 37,570 52,350 60,000 

Solar 0 2 62 2,774 3,870 6,000 7,000 8,000 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 3 20 150 500 

Wind 3 48 6,094 20,622 22,289 25,950 37,000 43,000 

of which Wind Onshore 3 48 6,094 20,622 22,289 25,500 27,000 28,000 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 450 10,000 15,000 

Biogas 0 140 250 1,245 1,437 1,500 2,500 3,000 

Biomass 0 50 260 1,596 1,950 2,700 4,000 3,500 

Waste 0 560 520 950 1,100 1,400 1,700 2,000 



TOTAL 78,597 93,818 120,971 138,424 144,269 153,470 159,850 160,000 



DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 4,444 6,878 6,770 6,057 5,538 5,000 3,500 2,500 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 2,165 839 800 800 800 600 600 600 

Natural Gas 0 45 2,176 3,135 3,274 3,600 4,800 5,000 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 

Conventional Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 




Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 1 343 2,417 3,135 3,124 3,700 5,600 7,300 


Wind Offshore 0 0 40 326 326 766 2,126 3,326 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 95 245 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



TOTAL 6,619 8,209 12,417 13,136 12,745 12,909 14,509 15,409 

2009-180-0004 65 




ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 3,211 2,733 2,760 2,435 

of which multifuel 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 1,505 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 

Oil 10 10 10 109 

Natural Gas 207 97 97 0 821 


Hydro 2 5 5 7 

Conventional Hydro 2 5 5 

of which Run of River 2 5 5 

Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 2 31 58 645 

Solar 0 0 0 1 


Wind 0 31 58 300 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 

Biogas 2 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 344 

Waste 0 0 0 


Not Specified 2,202 2,608 2,635 

TOTAL 5,417 5,377 5,458 2,630 3,350 3,087 



SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,065 7,000 7,486 7,419 7,419 7,419 7,419 9,852 


of which multifuel 1,000 1,045 3,116 2,689 1,973 1,956 0 0 

Coal 4,358 8,621 9,494 9,492 9,223 11,192 7,610 3,023 

Brown Coal 1,800 1,800 1,930 1,930 1,930 

Oil 8,930 8,545 10,698 10,136 9,403 10,030 6,106 6,779 

Natural Gas 0 451 3,626 21,142 25,436 30,743 40,105 46,316 

Derived Gas 

Hydro 13,175 16,561 17,667 18,624 18,659 19,868 21,762 22,926 


of which Run of River 850 940 1,080 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 



Solar 0 0 1 141 668 802 2,135 3,487 

Geothermal 

Wind 0 35 2,243 11,656 14,130 17,887 33,647 44,995 


Wind Offshore 

Biogas 0 0 28 143 156 198 248 297 

Biomass 0 0 97 313 283 782 2,345 3,909 

Waste 0 0 257 474 474 627 727 926 


Not Specified 

TOTAL 29,328 42,978 53,527 81,469 87,781 99,548 122,102 142,509 

2009-180-0004 66 




FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2,210 2,310 2,640 2,671 2,671 2,696 5,901 7,501 


of which multifuel 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 2,601 3,506 3,760 3,269 3,269 

Brown Coal 185 986 1,354 1,186 1,222 

Oil 2,224 1,140 1,395 1,454 1,368 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

552 1,411 2,693 2,645 2,645 0 

Hydro 2,318 2,621 2,882 3,062 3,102 3,124 3,385 3,489 

Conventional Hydro 

of which Run of River 

2,318 2,621 2,882 3,062 3,102 3,124 3,385 3,489 


Other Renewables 

Solar 

932 1,196 1,480 2,276 2,277 2,500 3,883 5,015 


Wind 0 0 38 86 110 240 1,500 2,500 


Wind Offshore 

Biogas 

0 0 0 0 

Biomass 932 1,196 1,442 2,190 2,167 2,246 2,342 2,474 

Waste 149 14 41 41 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 54 144 149 157 221 219 

TOTAL 11,022 13,170 16,258 16,562 16,703 17,269 21,540 23,270 



FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 14,394 55,750 63,183 63,260 63,260 63,400 65,000 55,372 



Coal 12,800 11,900 10,300 8,200 6,900 3,700 2,454 

Brown Coal 227 100 0 0 0 

Oil 15,254 10,073 11,080 7,200 7,300 7,300 4,182 

Natural Gas 550 0 4,141 1,100 2,000 5,400 13,499 


Hydro 19,045 24,747 25,116 25,300 25,404 25,300 26,000 25,778 

Conventional Hydro 17,671 20,694 20,810 

of which Run of River 7,757 7,400 7,400 

Pumped and Mixed 1,374 4,053 4,300 

Other Renewables 240 240 718 2,547 3,130 3,700 17,000 13,800 

Solar 0 0 6 


Wind 0 0 38 1,496 3,700 17,000 8,748 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 

Wind Offshore 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 34 

Biomass 0 0 20 4270 

Waste 0 0 380 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 240 240 1,051 

Not Specified 0 0 0 8,300 8,500 11,000 

TOTAL 62,711 103,410 115,338 115,907 115,879 117,100 135,400 115,086 

2009-180-0004 67 





1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5,767 11,353 12,486 10,969 10,979 9,444 6,918 12,750 



Coal 43,668 40,739 30,529 28,309 28,442 27,906 20,510 11,021 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 16,241 15,862 5,474 5,918 5,897 4,596 1,403 217 

Natural Gas 80 549 24,025 30,237 30,161 33,462 44,185 44,069 

Derived Gas 700 700 700 700 700 0 0 0 

Hydro 2,344 4,197 4,273 4,143 4,164 4,287 4,376 4,376 





Solar 0 0 2 14 14 47 147 247 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 9 412 1,955 2,477 5,364 20,424 34,385 

of which Wind Onshore 0 9 408 1,651 2,083 4,406 11,013 13,491 

Wind Offshore 0 0 4 304 394 958 9,411 20,894 

Biogas 0 90 425 856 901 957 1,057 1,167 

Biomass 0 0 157 221 304 354 1,630 1,630 

Waste 0 31 338 473 478 494 551 615 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 1 1 1 1 160 3,110 


TOTAL 68,800 73,530 78,822 84,106 84,765 86,911 101,360 113,586 



GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 1,863 3,889 4,461 4,808 4,808 4,794 4,598 3,897 

Oil 2,046 2,192 1,967 2,364 2,427 2,579 1,028 2,033 

Natural Gas 0 16 1,129 2,520 2,520 3,625 6,769 8,878 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,416 2,408 3,072 3,134 3,156 3,156 3,787 3,549 

Conventional Hydro 1,416 2,094 2,373 2,435 2,457 2,457 3,088 


Pumped and Mixed 0 315 699 699 699 699 699 

Other Renewables 0 3 261 800 967 1,795 5,637 5,501 

Solar 0 0 0 5 5 5 500 


Wind 0 1 205 742 894 1,705 5,057 4,448 

of which Wind Onshore 0 1 205 742 894 1,705 5,057 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 21 23 38 40 50 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 177 

Waste 0 0 36 30 30 30 30 



TOTAL 5,324 8,508 10,891 13,626 13,877 15,949 21,819 23,956 

2009-180-0004 68 




HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,654 1,752 1,755 1,799 1,880 1,880 2,000 



Coal 0 0 163 200 200 385 600 1,200 

Brown Coal 1 728 1 900 1 736 1 100 971 841 873 1,000 

Oil 306 481 1 229 408 408 422 408 500 

Natural Gas 2763 2500 2597 4227 4504 4217 4892 5000 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 46 48 47 46 46 50 60 65 



Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,200 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 150 

Wind 0 0 0 32 65 330 800 1 000 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 32 65 330 800 1 000 


Biogas 0 0 0 6 7 10 50 60 

Biomass 0 0 0 376 392 669 800 1,000 

Waste 0 0 18 21 21 21 30 50 


Not Specified 0 19 63 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 4,842 6,602 7,605 8,171 8,413 8,055 9,571 10,500 



IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 14 870 855 855 855 2,475 

Brown Coal 355 437 386 344 344 

Oil 1,307 1,011 1,255 1,255 1,255 7 

Natural Gas 172 938 1,425 0 3,205 3,985 4,833 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 512 512 526 527 527 539 549 242 

Conventional Hydro 220 220 234 247 257 

of which Run of River 8 8 19 32 42 



Solar 

Geothermal 

133 725 805 1,162 1,667 2,734 

Wind 118 700 805 1,105 1,600 2,510 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 118 1,005 1,200 


Biogas 0 0 15 57 67 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 124 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 0 0 128 178 228 

TOTAL 2,360 3,768 4,708 6,700 7,287 7,538 8,883 10,291 

2009-180-0004 69 




1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,424 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuel 12,608 20,204 33,778 23,329 14,079 17,479 

Coal 2,641 5,924 6,539 9,544 10,086 12,593 

Brown Coal 247 194 0 0 0 0 

Oil 22,725 21,274 22,375 10,140 5,927 5,355 

Natural Gas 2,381 9,053 23,560 49,698 58,269 68,089 

Derived Gas 1,152 787 917 1,060 1,066 1,066 

Hydro 15,826 18,770 20,346 21,072 21,117 21,455 21,904 21,998 

Conventional Hydro 12,172 12,582 13,389 14,323 14,747 14,791 

of which Run of River 2,730 3,109 3,453 4,345 4,650 4,726 

Pumped and Mixed 3,654 6,188 6,957 7,132 7,157 7,207 


Solar 0 0 6 392 1,937 4,573 

Geothermal 428 496 590 705 830 885 

Wind 0 0 364 1,902 2,702 3,265 5,965 8,465 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 364 3,245 5,575 7,595 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 20 390 870 

Biogas 0 0 174 331 375 410 

Biomass 0 0 202 1,105 2,512 4,712 

Waste 0 0 267 1,008 1,555 2,189 



TOTAL 46,824 56,548 75,504 89,449 93,598 98,929 110,720 130,716 



ITALY 

LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 2,367 2,367 1,183 1,183 0 1,600 3,200 


of which multifuel 2,023 2,304 2,329 2,264 2,224 1,980 1,560 707 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 2,105 1,130 746 148 148 148 196 196 

Natural Gas 66 1,322 1,731 2,337 2,360 2,098 2,523 1,667 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 106 105 873 835 837 858 884 890 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 1 52 131 500 700 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 19 18 21 30 46 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 29 



TOTAL 2,277 4,924 5,717 4,523 4,598 3,256 5,762 6,728 

2009-180-0004 70 




LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 85 80 51 487 490 495 510 520 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 487 490 495 510 520 

Derived Gas 85 80 51 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,124 1,124 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,328 1,328 





Solar 0 0 0 23 23 25 30 40 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 15 35 35 50 60 70 



Biogas 0 0 1 6 6 10 13 20 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 



TOTAL 1,218 1,213 1,199 1,684 1,687 1,708 1,936 1,983 



LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 562 587 595 648 655 860 1,620 1,883 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 400 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 42 67 75 20 20 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 520 520 520 628 635 860 1,220 1,483 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,564 1,564 1,576 1,600 1,730 


of which Run of River 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,564 1,564 1,576 1,600 1,730 



Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 2 27 28 78 378 678 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 400 

Biogas 0 0 0 9 9 10 14 20 

Biomass 0 0 0 2 3 10 20 85 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 



TOTAL 2,049 2,074 2,127 2,250 2,259 2,534 3,633 4,397 

2009-180-0004 71 




MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 577 571 571 

of which multifuel 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 577 571 571 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 


Hydro 0 0 0 



Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 

Solar 0 0 0 


Wind 0 0 0 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 


Biogas 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 


Not Specified 0 0 0 

TOTAL 577 571 571 



NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 498 449 449 480 480 480 480 2,080 



Coal 1,936 3,839 4,176 4,161 4,161 4,161 9,766 9,110 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 742 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 

Natural Gas 11,050 10,524 13,629 15,141 15,674 17,804 26,862 27,828 

Derived Gas 642 934 500 945 945 945 1,545 1,545 

Hydro 0 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 




Other Renewables 227 778 2,218 2,507 3,417 7,090 7,160 

Solar 0 0 53 53 57 70 90 

Geothermal 

Wind 57 435 1,559 1,747 2,215 6,000 6,000 

of which Wind Onshore 57 435 1,559 1,639 2,124 3,000 3,000 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 108 428 3,000 3,000 

Biogas 

Biomass 20 53 158 200 263 300 350 

Waste 150 290 448 507 545 720 720 



TOTAL 14,868 16,047 19,569 22,982 23,804 26,844 45,780 47,760 

2009-180-0004 72 




POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 16,471 17,417 20,286 20,698 20,627 20,594 17,608 19,924 

Brown Coal 4,385 8,218 7,759 8,154 8,154 8,885 7,629 6,902 

Oil 385 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 362 919 852 852 8,619 9,930 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,287 1,960 2,134 2,307 2,304 2,289 2,340 2,340 


of which Run of River 204 204 244 269 265 2,654 265 265 

Pumped and Mixed 645 1,195 1,622 1,764 1,764 1,679 1,679 1,679 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 4 171 303 1,400 1,943 2,239 


Wind Offshore 

Biogas 0 0 0 30 37 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 9 23 32 164 193 270 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



TOTAL 22,527 27,980 30,553 32,288 32,308 34,192 38,341 41,615 



PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 135 1,316 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,461 576 759 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1,891 2,806 3,035 2,930 2,935 2,903 964 800 

Natural Gas 0 0 1,168 2,556 2,563 3,709 6,982 6,385 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 2,463 3,355 4,469 5,016 5,020 5,100 9,798 10,198 


of which Run of River 155 156 367 509 512 576 826 1,226 

Pumped and Mixed 68 544 544 971 971 971 4,390 4,390 

Other Renewables 4 4 384 2,060 2,563 5,938 11,124 11,774 

Solar 0 0 0 1 13 140 900 900 

Geothermal 4 4 14 28 28 40 40 40 

Wind 0 0 89 1,653 2,135 5,150 8,500 9,150 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 89 1,653 2,135 5,150 8,000 8,000 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1,150 

Biogas 0 0 1 5 10 41 171 171 

Biomass 0 0 9 27 27 77 250 250 

Waste 0 0 271 347 351 446 483 483 


Not Specified 0 0 55 104 100 106 105 76 

TOTAL 4,493 7,482 10,887 14,441 14,956 19,217 29,549 29,991 

2009-180-0004 73 




ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 655 655 1,300 1,300 2,630 3,300 


of which multifuel 5,054 5,204 2,696 2,953 2,852 2,700 1,265 898 

Coal 1,366 1,366 1,234 1,367 1,339 1,193 1,927 3,249 

Brown Coal 3,310 5,920 3,366 4,251 4,178 4,180 2,934 3,169 

Oil 2,077 2,129 1,184 940 715 675 316 224 

Natural Gas 3,957 4,055 2,256 2,834 2,761 3,084 4,166 4,170 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 2,990 4,930 5,170 5,817 5,859 5,908 7,352 7,403 




Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 7 401 3,546 4,596 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 0 0 7 401 3,496 4,496 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 100 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



TOTAL 13,700 18,400 13,865 15,864 16,160 16,741 22,872 26,113 



SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4,625 9,970 9,439 8,965 9,063 9,570 10,030 7,030 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 3,760 5,132 5,119 5,000 2,870 2,870 


Coal 0 0 913 130 130 130 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 2,421 4,316 4,303 3,800 1,800 1,800 

Natural Gas 0 0 290 550 550 970 970 970 

Derived Gas 0 0 136 136 136 100 100 100 

Hydro 14,150 15,980 16,229 16,180 16,209 16,200 16,400 16,600 




Other Renewables 4 1,466 3,542 3,674 4,280 9,350 12,600 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 4 241 580 788 1,600 6,000 9,000 

of which Wind Onshore 0 

Wind Offshore 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 600 2,162 2,091 1,800 2,300 2,500 

Waste 0 0 625 800 795 880 1,050 1,100 


Not Specified 7,949 7,368 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 27,074 33,672 30,894 33,819 34,065 35,050 38,650 39,100 

2009-180-0004 74 




SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 630 670 696 696 656 656 328 



Coal 872 950 970 


Oil 143 143 143 123 3 3 

Natural Gas 0 0 228 0 381 381 341 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 663 779 868 873 873 984 1,087 1,152 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 30 30 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 



TOTAL 1,678 2,502 2,879 2,829 2,829 3,133 3,502 3,795 



SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 820 1,640 2,460 2,460 2,200 2,457 



Coal 773 793 747 481 456 

Brown Coal 684 684 619 365 339 

Oil 70 98 98 85 80 114 

Natural Gas 936 1,130 1,370 0 1,783 2,239 2,097 


Hydro 822 1,615 2,437 2,452 2,478 2,567 2,576 2,902 



684 742 1,564 1,694 1,703 

Pumped and Mixed 138 873 873 873 873 873 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 40 

Geothermal 0 0 0 10 10 10 

Wind 0 0 1 8 44 60 236 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 9 50 90 341 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 



TOTAL 4,105 5,960 7,741 7,778 7,508 7,845 8,310 10,213 

2009-180-0004 75 




SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,940 2,950 3,162 3,220 3,220 3,220 3,220 4,213 



75 75 75 75 875 984 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 7 10 8 8 8 8 

Natural Gas 68 65 67 67 867 976 


Hydro 11,450 11,637 13,240 13,356 13,456 14,800 15,600 15,970 





Solar 0 2 13 26 29 31 48 88 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 3 12 12 12 12 22 

of which Wind Onshore 3 12 12 12 12 22 


Biogas 8 5 2 2 2 4 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 114 163 244 301 168 168 168 310 


Not Specified 603 689 585 448 673 673 673 673 

TOTAL 14,107 15,441 17,333 17,443 17,635 18,981 20,598 22,264 



NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 35 35 63 63 656 656 1,442 2,622 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 35 35 63 63 656 656 1,442 2,622 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 19,598 26,375 27,262 28,581 28,900 29,075 29,471 31,651 



Pumped and Mixed 594 1,228 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 2,260 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind 0 0 13 325 325 991 1,652 2,643 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 477 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 22 22 22 22 22 22 


Not Specified 203 228 218 218 218 168 168 168 

TOTAL 19,836 26,637 27,578 29,161 30,100 30,912 32,755 37,106 

2009-180-0004 76 




TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,500 

Fossil Fuel Fired 2,975 9,536 16,029 27,379 27,228 30,582 57,772 

of which multifuel 184 372 1,358 3,323 3,384 3,268 3,268 

Coal 323 332 480 1,986 1,986 2,157 7,857 

Brown Coal 1,047 4,874 6,509 8,211 8,211 8,621 18,661 

Oil 1,605 2,120 1,996 2,852 2,455 3,307 3,307 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

2,210 7,044 14,330 14,576 16,497 27,947 

Hydro 2,131 6,764 11,175 13,063 13,395 16,446 31,038 



Pumped and Mixed 

2,131 6,764 11,175 13,063 13,395 16,446 31,038 


Solar 

12 18 60 123 212 1,788 3,038 

Geothermal 18 18 23 23 48 48 

Wind 19 59 146 1,704 2,954 


Wind Offshore 

19 59 146 1,704 2,954 

Biogas 

Biomass 

4 14 16 9 9 

Waste 


Not Specified 

12 19 27 27 27 27 

TOTAL 5,118 16,318 27,264 40,565 40,835 48,816 96,348 



EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 42,376 125,380 136,847 133,228 133,005 128,776 119,487 124,345 



Coal 122,525 139,683 133,265 114,603 105,471 121,235 115,289 101,322 

Brown Coal 35,859 46,190 51,282 52,682 53,795 50,596 45,656 42,068 

Oil 92,572 77,273 72,789 44,897 36,761 52,154 33,194 27,364 

Natural Gas 37,414 49,214 110,907 112,252 118,586 195,481 266,429 292,246 

Derived Gas 3,065 3,386 8,300 6,798 6,728 7,425 5,431 4,630 

Hydro 98,572 123,509 135,468 140,179 140,772 143,172 156,334 157,299 




Other Renewables 1,713 3,830 21,127 67,808 76,591 105,391 203,658 271,406 

Solar 0 2 77 3,019 4,666 7,474 12,720 17,598 

Geothermal 432 502 604 28 31 775 1,050 1,585 

Wind 4 497 12,730 46,667 53,151 76,220 159,362 199,678 


Wind Offshore 0 0 44 630 828 2,977 26,457 48,640 

Biogas 0 230 951 2,391 2,684 3,154 4,545 5,145 

Biomass 932 1,369 3,123 7,612 8,029 10,378 17,121 28,743 

Waste 5 746 3,137 3,548 3,910 5,612 7,064 8,159 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 290 457 1,052 1 333 1,297 4,280 

Not Specified 8,252 7,666 2,642 11,156 2,884 9,032 11,554 295 

TOTAL 452,633 585,501 686,582 775,489 794,935 836,372 982,400 1,051,640 

2009-180-0004 77 




EU-30 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 44,316 128,330 140,009 136,448 136,225 131,996 127,207 128,558 



Coal 122,848 140,015 133,745 116,589 107,457 123,392 123,146 101,322 

Brown Coal 36,906 51,064 57,791 60,893 62,006 59,217 64,317 42,068 

Oil 94,177 79,393 74,792 47,759 39,224 55,469 36,509 27,372 

Natural Gas 37,449 51,459 118,082 126,710 133,885 212,701 296,685 295,844 

Derived Gas 3,065 3,386 8,300 6,798 6,728 7,425 5,431 4,630 

Hydro 131,751 168,285 187,145 195,179 196,523 203,493 232,443 204,920 




Other Renewables 1,839 4,013 21,471 68,600 77,339 108,405 208,600 274,495 

Solar 0 4 90 3,045 4,695 7,505 12,768 17,686 

Geothermal 432 520 622 51 54 823 1,098 1,585 

Wind 4 497 12,765 47,063 53,634 78,927 163,980 202,343 


Wind Offshore 0 0 44 630 828 2,977 26,677 49,117 

Biogas 0 230 963 2,410 2,702 3,165 4,556 5,149 

Biomass 932 1,369 3,123 7,612 8,029 10,378 17,121 28,743 

Waste 131 909 3,422 3,898 4,127 5,829 7,281 8,491 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 240 290 457 1,052 1 333 1,297 4,280 

Not Specified 9,058 8,583 3,445 11,822 3,775 9,873 12,395 1,136 

TOTAL 491,694 643,897 758,757 862,658 883,505 935,081 1,132,101 1,111,010 

2009-180-0004 78 


3.1B Generation Equipment - Capacity By Technology 

Table 3.1B.1 Max Net Generating Capacity on 31/12 by 

Technology (MW) 

AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Steam Thermal Units 2,366 2,591 2,270 

Gas Turbine Units 

Combined Cycle Units 6,344 6,441 6,600 7,260 

Internal Combustion Units 

Hydro 8,210 10,870 11,730 11,852 12,009 12,209 13,229 

Non-fuel Renewables 100 110 170 985 1,010 1,100 1,800 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 

Not Specified 1,944 2,619 3,870 91 

Total 12,620 16,190 18,040 19,181 19,460 20,000 22,289 



BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,666 5,500 5,713 5,825 5,825 5,801 4,013 

Steam Thermal Units 6,324 4,272 3,485 3,465 3,769 3,831 

Gas Turbine Units 276 1,281 1,451 1,421 178 418 

Combined Cycle Units 186 2,792 3,322 3,419 5,386 8,516 

Internal Combustion Units 169 200 429 417 399 399 

Hydro 128 1,401 1,492 1,451 1,421 1,497 1,500 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 5 14 169 214 527 883 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Not Specified 8,210 285 0 117 118 120 0 

Total 11,004 14,139 15,472 16,258 16,380 17,557 19,560 



BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,300 2,700 3,500 2,700 1,900 1,900 3,800 5,700 

Steam Thermal Units 4,830 5,655 4,934 5,155 5,155 5,596 5,520 4,330 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 1,500 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 1,700 1,800 1,950 1,800 1,800 1,880 2,250 2,460 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 20 40 800 2,400 3,400 



Total 7,830 10,155 10,384 9,675 8,895 10,176 14,270 17,390 

2009-180-0004 79 




CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 264 462 800 800 930 930 630 390 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 220 1,380 2,100 


Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 116 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,454 2,198 2,678 




1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,651 1,651 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,760 5,000 



Combined Cycle Units 0 0 419 580 648 579 579 700 


Hydro 1,300 1,342 2,089 2,175 2,175 2,121 2,121 2,121 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 8 1 78 164 468 550 900 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 

Not Specified 139 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 10,499 13,760 14,232 17,464 17,562 16,357 16,644 16,899 



GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 8,607 22,406 22,396 20,430 20,470 20,470 5,400 0 


Gas Turbine Units 3,450 3,900 4,157 5,350 5,600 5,700 4,000 4,000 

Combined Cycle Units 14,000 15,960 18,250 20,100 26,000 31,000 


Hydro 6,451 6,851 9,392 10,807 10,876 11,030 12,000 12,500 

Non-fuel Renewables 6,156 23,396 26,162 31,970 44,150 51,500 


Not Specified 0 0 80 21 31 50 0 0 

Total 78,597 93,818 120,971 138,424 144,269 153,470 159,850 160,000 

Notes for Germany: 

Gas Turbine Units & Internal Combustion Units: rough estimates; 

Not Specified Technology: predominantly Steam Thermal Units and Combined Cycle Units; data or estimates not available 

2009-180-0004 80 




DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 

Non-fuel Renewables 1 438 2,662 3,135 3,124 3,700 5,600 7,300 



Total 6,619 8,209 12,417 13,136 12,745 12,909 14,509 15,409 



ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear - - 0 0 0 - - - 


Gas Turbine Units - - - - - - - - 

Combined Cycle Units - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Internal Combustion Units - - 10 15 15 - - - 

Hydro 2 5 5 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 31 58 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 


Total 2,441 2,769 2,823 2,630 3,350 



SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,065 7,000 7,486 7,419 7,419 7,419 7,419 9,852 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 304 304 304 304 1,264 3,904 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 16,078 20,235 25,262 32,096 34,081 

Internal Combustion Units 1,000 1,705 2,330 2,689 2,666 2,950 3,546 3,681 

Hydro 13,175 16,561 17,667 18,624 18,659 19,868 21,762 22,926 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 35 2,626 12,727 15,710 20,296 39,102 53,614 


Not Specified 

Total 29,328 42,978 53,527 81,469 87,781 99,548 122,102 142,509 



FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2,210 2,310 2,640 2,671 2,671 2,696 5,901 7,501 

Steam Thermal Units 5,679 6,882 7,215 7,777 

Gas Turbine Units 815 1,357 1,847 1,274 

Combined Cycle Units 0 1,586 1,543 

Internal Combustion Units 0 50 149 

Hydro 2,318 2,621 2,882 3,062 3,102 3,124 3,385 3,489 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 38 86 240 1,500 2,500 



Total 11,022 13,170 16,258 16,587 17,294 21,540 23,270 

2009-180-0004 81 




FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 14,394 55,750 63,183 63,260 63,260 63,400 65,000 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 800 1,500 1,500 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 1,100 2,000 5,400 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 

Hydro 19,045 24,747 25,116 25,300 25,404 25,300 26,000 

Non-fuel Renewables 240 240 718 2,547 3,700 17,000 


Not Specified 0 0 0 8,300 8,500 11,000 

Total 62,711 103,410 115,338 115,907 117,100 135,400 




1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5,767 11,353 12,486 10,969 10,979 9,444 6,918 12,750 


Gas Turbine Units 3,638 3,130 1,291 1,444 1,404 1,404 1,011 904 

Combined Cycle Units 0 229 21,058 27,006 26,973 30,241 41,900 41,888 

Internal Combustion Units 0 90 425 856 901 957 1,057 1,167 

Hydro 2,344 4,197 4,273 4,143 4,164 4,287 4,376 4,376 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 9 415 1,969 2,492 5,411 20,731 37,742 



Total 68,800 73,530 78,822 84,106 84,765 86,911 101,360 113,586 



GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 3,508 5,495 5,676 5,999 6,045 5,705 4,732 

Gas Turbine Units 255 294 343 604 604 515 321 

Combined Cycle Units 0 16 920 2,084 2,084 3,743 6,226 

Internal Combustion Units 146 292 676 1,058 1,090 1,035 1,116 

Hydro 1,416 2,408 3,072 3,134 3,156 3,156 3,787 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 3 205 747 899 1,795 5,637 



Total 5,324 8,508 10,891 13,626 13,877 15,949 21,819 



HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 1,654 1,752 1,755 1,799 1,880 1,880 2,000 





Hydro 46 48 47 46 46 50 60 65 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 32 65 330 800 1,000 


Not Specified 0 20 18 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 4,842 6,602 7,605 8,171 8,413 8,825 10,413 12,035 

2009-180-0004 82 




IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Steam Thermal Units 1,733 2,640 2,807 2,765 2,765 

Gas Turbine Units 0 358 379 379 379 

Combined Cycle Units 115 258 735 2,515 3,295 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 15 57 67 

Hydro 512 512 526 527 539 549 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 118 1,105 1,600 



Total 2,360 3,768 4,708 7,538 8,883 



1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,424 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 1,465 2,120 5,314 6,010 9,310 11,354 

Combined Cycle Units 0 115 7,840 40,483 42,737 54,817 

Internal Combustion Units 189 236 832 1,204 1,502 1,863 

Hydro 15,826 18,770 20,346 21,072 21,117 21,455 21,904 21,998 

Non-fuel Renewables 428 546 1,124 4,590 9,027 14,304 



Total 46,824 56,548 75,504 98,929 110,720 130,716 



2009-180-0004 83 


ITALY 

LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 2,367 2,367 1,183 1,183 0 1,600 3,200 

Steam Thermal Units 2,171 2,452 2,477 2,504 2,526 2,267 1,666 826 




Hydro 106 105 873 835 837 858 884 890 




Total 2,277 4,924 5,717 4,523 4,598 3,256 5,762 6,728 



LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 1,124 1,124 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,128 1,328 1,328 



Not Specified 85 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 1,214 1,209 1,199 1,684 1,687 1,713 1,946 1,983



LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 1,487 1,487 1,530 1,564 1,564 1,576 1,600 1,730 




Total 2,049 2,074 2,127 2,250 2,259 2,534 3,633 4,397 



MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Steam Thermal Units - - 354 350 350 - - - 

Gas Turbine Units - - 113 111 111 - - - 



Hydro - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Non-fuel Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - - 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Not Specified - - - - - - - - 

Total - - 577 571 571 - - - 



NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 498 449 449 480 480 480 480 2,080 

Steam Thermal Units 0 6,100 7,009 9,500 9,579 8,943 13,150 13,294 

Gas Turbine Units 522 314 1,131 1,288 1,279 1,240 1,100 1,140 

Combined Cycle Units 3,815 8,800 8,485 7,597 7,521 9,781 20,242 20,418 

Internal Combustion Units 0 139 1,582 2,468 3,108 3,754 4,700 4,800 

Hydro 0 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 



Not Specified 10,033 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 14,868 16,047 19,569 22,982 23,804 26,844 45,780 47,760 



POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 1,287 1,960 2,134 2,307 2,304 2,289 2,340 2,340 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 13 224 371 1,572 2,145 2,518 



Total 22,527 27,980 30,553 32,288 32,308 34,192 38,341 41,615 

2009-180-0004 84 




PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 




Internal Combustion Units 340 554 765 874 885 1,073 1,520 1,720 

Hydro 2,463 3,355 4,469 5,016 5,020 5,100 9,798 10,198 




Total 4,493 7,482 10,887 14,441 14,956 19,217 29,549 29,991 



ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 655 655 1,300 1,300 2,630 3,300 





Hydro 2,990 4,930 5,170 5,817 5,859 5,908 7,352 7,403 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 7 401 3,496 4,496 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 13,700 18,400 13,865 15,864 16,160 16,741 22,872 26,113 



SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4,625 9,970 9,439 8,965 9,063 9,570 10,030 7,030 




Internal Combustion Units 14,500 16,330 16,229 16,180 16,209 16,200 16,400 16,600 

Hydro 6,180 5,661 3,644 6,481 6,405 5,430 3,970 4,220 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 4 241 580 788 1,600 6,000 9,000 


Not Specified 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 27,074 33,672 30,894 33,819 34,065 35,050 38,650 39,100 



SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 630 670 696 696 656 656 328 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 228 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 84 


Hydro 663 779 868 873 873 984 1,087 1,152 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 



Total 1,678 2,502 2,879 3,133 3,502 3 795 

2009-180-0004 85 




SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 820 1 640 2 460 2 460 2 200 

Steam Thermal Units 2 463 2 705 2 622 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 212 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 822 1 615 2 437 2 452 2 478 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 10 104 160 



Total 4 105 5 960 7 741 7 845 8 310 



SWITERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 1,940 2,950 3,162 3,220 3,220 3,220 3,220 4,213 

Steam Thermal Units 75 75 388 388 388 485 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Combined Cycle Units 115 146 67 67 867 976 


Hydro 11,450 11,637 13,240 13,356 13,456 14,800 15,600 15,970 

Non-fuel Renewables 24 43 41 50 70 85 


Not Specified 717 854 473 302 312 305 302 370 

Total 14,107 15,441 17,333 17,443 17,635 18,981 20,598 22,264 



NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 420 420 1 179 2 359 


Hydro 19,598 26,375 27,262 28,581 28,900 29,075 29,471 31,651 

Non-fuel Renewables 325 325 991 1 652 2 643 


Not Specified 203 228 218 200 200 168 168 168 

Total 19,836 26,637 27,578 29,191 30,130 30,912 32,755 37,106 



TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,500 - 

Steam Thermal Units 0 8,509 10,519 10,545 10,778 26,518 

Gas Turbine Units 0 449 1,080 1,075 1,157 1,157 

Combined Cycle Units 0 6,854 14,251 14,424 16,497 27,947 

Internal Combustion Units 0 241 1,467 1,174 2,150 2,150 

Hydro 2,131 6,764 11,175 13,063 13,395 16,446 31,038 

Non-fuel Renewables 18 36 82 169 1,788 3,038 


Not Specified 2 987 9 536 0 103 53 0 0 

Total 5,118 16,318 27,264 40,565 40,835 48,816 96,348 

2009-180-0004 86 


3.1.3 CHP Capacity by Fuel 

Table 3.1.3A.1 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Coal 277 935 910 - - 1,000 800 - 

Oil 406 262 270 - - 390 400 - 

Natural Gas 627 791 2,030 - - 3,160 3,460 - 

Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Other Non-Renewables 474 481 520 - - 800 990 - 

Total 1,784 2,469 3,730 - - 5,350 5,650 - 

CHP Biomass and CHP Multifuels are included in CHP Total Capacity 

Table 3.1.3A.2 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 495 - - 495 495 - 

Coal - - 0 - - 0 0 - 

Oil - - 68 - - 74 74 - 

Natural Gas - - 706 - - 1,331 2,001 - 

Renewables - - 4 - - 54 114 - 

Other Non-Renewables - - 25 - - 25 25 - 

Total - - 1,298 - - 1,979 2,709 - 

Table 3.1.3A.3 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 148 120 110 110 110 110 110 110 

Oil 460 390 270 270 270 270 270 270 

Natural Gas 426 404 294 294 294 374 374 374 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 1,034 914 674 674 674 754 754 754 

Table 3.1.3A.4 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Coal 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Oil 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Total 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Table 3.1.3A.5 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 335 335 338 338 400 500 600 

Coal 0 1,824 3,390 3,328 3,320 3,350 3,450 3,500 

Oil 0 0 130 130 130 130 130 130 

Natural Gas 0 106 333 392 400 620 720 800 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 0 2,265 4,188 4,188 4,188 4,500 4,800 5,030 

2009-180-0004 87 


Table 3.1.3A.6 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal - - - 5,300 5,300 - - - 

Oil - - - 800 750 - - - 

Natural Gas - - - 13,015 15,300 - - - 

Renewables - - - 1,740 2,150 - - - 

Other Non-Renewables - - - 45 50 - - - 

Total 6,819 8,996 18,500 20,900 23,550 - - - 

Table 3.1.3A.7 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Coal 3,591 7,741 6,745 - - 5,622 4,059 - 

Oil 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Natural Gas 0 140 2,421 - - 3,596 4,833 - 

Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 


Total 3,591 7,881 9,166 - - 9,218 8,892 - 

Table 3.1.3A.8 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 190 97 97 - - - 

Coal - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Oil - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Natural Gas - - 17 17 17 - - - 

Renewables - - 9 9 9 - - - 

Other Non-Renewables - - 289 232 232 - - - 

Total - - 505 355 355 - - - 

Table 3.1.3A.9 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 0 0 81 42 42 81 81 81 

Oil 525 900 1,449 1,362 1,368 2,132 2,560 3,097 

Natural Gas 

Renewables 

Other Non-Renewables 

0 451 3,322 4,760 4,897 5,177 6,744 8,331 

Total 525 901 4,852 6,164 6,307 7,391 9,385 11,510 

Table 3.1.3A.10 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 0 - 0 0 0 

Coal - - 1,468 998 - 965 417 437 

Oil - - 158 304 - 304 170 158 

Natural Gas - - 1,797 2,245 - 2,477 3,304 2,958 

Renewables - - 1,442 2,074 - 2,131 2,253 2,385 

Other Non-Renewables - - 1,038 1,040 - 1,569 1,569 1,429 

Total 2,839 4,000 5,903 6,661 - 7,033 7,713 7,367 

2009-180-0004 88 


Table 3.1.3A.11 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 - - - - - 

Coal - - 211 - - - - - 

Oil - - 211 - - - - - 

Natural Gas - - 2,530 - - - - - 

Renewables - - 843 - - - - - 

Other Non-Renewables - - 422 - - - - - 

Total - - 4,217 - - - - - 

Table 3.1.3A.12 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 877 527 160 195 197 100 0 0 

Oil 1,077 884 266 165 101 50 0 0 

Natural Gas 43 315 3,168 4,145 4,144 5,864 9,103 11,376 

Renewables 0 0 110 151 167 350 850 1,600 

Other Non-Renewables 527 400 774 828 864 1,100 1,100 1,100 

Total 2,524 2,126 4,478 5,484 5,473 7,464 11,053 14,076 

Table 3.1.3A.13 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 - 

Coal 0 0 435 740 748 768 768 - 

Oil 132 154 153 136 136 136 136 - 

Natural Gas 0 16 28 95 97 106 131 - 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Total 165 203 649 1,004 1,014 1,043 1,068 - 

Table 3.1.3A.14 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 222 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 182 176 150 28 30 30 20 20 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 589 637 391 1,322 1,363 1,430 1,080 760 

Renewables 0 0 0 9 11 20 80 200 


Total 770 813 844 1,377 1,423 1,500 1,200 1,000 

Table 3.1.3A.15 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 - - - - - 

Coal - - 0 - - - - - 

Oil - - 0 - - - - - 

Natural Gas - - 100 - - - - - 

Renewables - - 0 - - - - - 


Total - - 118 - - - - - 

2009-180-0004 89 


Table 3.1.3A.16 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal - - - - - - - - 

Oil - - - - - - - - 

Natural Gas - - - - - - - - 

Renewables - - - - - - - - 

Other Non-Renewables - - - - - - - - 

Total 5,249 4,540 11,892 - - - - - 

Table 3.1.3A.17 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 314 594 619 584 595 596 450 477 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 148 148 148 148 148 148 196 196 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 21 54 54 399 399 

Renewables 0 0 0 14 18 21 59 65 


Total 462 742 767 767 815 819 1,104 1,137 

Table 3.1.3A.18 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 4 4 51 104 104 110 115 135 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 4 4 51 104 104 110 115 135 

Table 3.1.3A.19 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 42 67 75 20 20 20 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 400 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 520 520 520 628 611 850 1,000 1,200 

Renewables 0 0 0 11 12 20 35 106 


Total 562 587 595 659 643 890 1,435 1,706 

Table 3.1.3A.20 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Coal - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Oil - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Natural Gas - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - - 


Total - - 0 0 0 - - - 

2009-180-0004 90 


Table 3.1.3A.21 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal 1,163 1,163 930 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 

Oil - - - - - - - - 

Natural Gas 2,652 4,131 5,925 9,641 10,378 11,648 15,745 16,256 

Renewables 0 0 0 231 231 234 234 234 


Total 3,815 5,294 7,000 11,482 12,219 13,492 17,589 18,100 

Table 3.1.3A.22 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 7,063 7,914 6,485 6,733 6,550 6,673 4,611 5,032 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 362 793 852 1,134 1,434 1,652 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 7,063 7,914 6,846 7,527 7,402 7,807 6,045 6,684 

Table 3.1.3A.23 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 430 589 690 667 667 581 364 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 178 390 397 681 1,464 1,856 

Renewables 0 0 228 290 293 383 394 394 


Total 430 2,783 1,845 1,841 1,717 1,934 1,868 1,983 

Table 3.1.3A.24 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 

Coal 1,390 1,560 1,257 1,302 1,277 1,245 1,253 3,043 

Oil 754 1,725 875 555 527 489 266 174 

Natural Gas 1,436 3,285 1,668 1,674 1,632 1,766 2,918 3,023 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 100 


Total 3,580 6,570 3,800 3,531 3,437 3,500 4,488 6,340 

Table 3.1.3A.25 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 130 0 0 

Oil 430 589 690 667 667 590 120 100 

Natural Gas 0 0 178 390 397 970 970 970 

Renewables 0 0 228 290 293 2,680 3,350 3,600 


Total 3,179 3,280 3,196 4,183 4,107 4,470 4,540 4,770 

2009-180-0004 91 


Table 3.1.3A.26 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Coal 58 103 103 - - - - - 

Oil 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Total 58 103 103 - - - - - 

Table 3.1.3A.27 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Coal 491 574 454 - - - - - 

Oil 70 98 98 - - - - - 

Natural Gas 336 467 707 - - - - - 

Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Total 897 1,139 1,259 - - - - - 

Table 3.1.3A.28 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - 0 0 0 - 

Coal - - - - 0 0 0 - 

Oil - - - - 8 8 8 - 

Natural Gas - - - - 67 67 867 - 

Renewables - - - 146 170 170 170 - 

Other Non-Renewables - - - - 410 410 390 - 

Total - - - 146 655 655 1,435 - 

Table 3.1.3A.29 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 200 200 200 

Renewables - - 22 22 22 22 22 22 

Other Non-Renewables 203 228 217 - - 168 168 168 

Total 203 228 239 - - 390 390 390 

Table 3.1.3A.30 CHP Capacity on 31/12 (MW) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 1,173 1,906 2,059 - - - 

Coal - - 133 169 165 - - - 

Oil - - 540 425 467 - - - 

Natural Gas - - 616 1,542 1,744 - - - 

Renewables - - 0 - - - - - 


Total - - 2,474 4,042 4,435 - - - 

2009-180-0004 92 


Table 3.1.3B. CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type 

(MW) 

AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 953 1,619 2,670 - - 3,960 4,135 - 

Autoproducers 831 850 1,060 - - 1,390 1,515 - 

Total 1,784 2,469 3,730 - - 5,350 5,650 - 

Table 3.1.3B.2 CHP Capacity on 31/12 by Company Type 

(MW) 

BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - 967 - - 1,539 2,163 - 

Autoproducers - - 331 - - 441 546 - 

Total - - 1,298 - - 1,979 2,709 - 


(MW) 

BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 194 274 360 360 360 440 440 440 

Autoproducers 840 640 314 314 314 314 314 314 

Total 1,034 914 674 674 674 754 754 754 


(MW) 

CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 

Autoproducers 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 

Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 


(MW) 


1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - - - 2,094 - - - 

Autoproducers - - - - 2,094 - - - 

Total 0 2,265 4,188 4,188 4,188 4,500 4,800 5,030 


(MW) 

GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 6,819 8,996 10,000 11,700 - - - - 

Autoproducers 0 0 8,500 9,200 - - - - 

Total 6,819 8,996 18,500 20,900 23,550 - - - 


(MW) 

DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 3,591 7,786 7,833 - - 7,718 7,392 - 

Autoproducers 0 95 1,333 - - 1,500 1,500 - 

Total 3,591 7,881 9,166 - - 9,218 8,892 - 

2009-180-0004 93 



(MW) 

ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - 449 299 299 - - - 

Autoproducers - - 56 56 56 - - - 

Total - - 505 355 355 - - - 


(MW) 

SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 

Autoproducers 525 901 4,852 6,164 6,307 7,391 9,385 11,510 

Total 525 901 4,852 6,164 6,307 7,391 9,385 11,510 


(MW) 

FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - - 4,668 - - - - 

Autoproducers - - - 1,993 - - - - 

Total 2,839 4,000 5,903 6,661 - 7,033 7,713 7,367 


(MW) 

FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - - - - - - - 

Autoproducers - - - - - - - - 

Total - - 4,217 - - - - - 


(MW) 


1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 600 1,562 1,562 2,000 2,750 4,000 

Autoproducers 2,524 2,126 3,878 3,922 3,911 5,464 8,303 10,076 

Total 2,524 2,126 4,478 5,484 5,473 7,464 11,053 14,076 


(MW) 

GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 435 740 748 768 768 - 

Autoproducers 165 203 214 264 266 275 300 - 

Total 165 203 649 1,004 1,014 1,043 1,068 - 


(MW) 

HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Total 770 813 844 1,377 1,423 1,500 1,200 1,000 

2009-180-0004 94 



(MW) 

IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - 60 - - - - - 

Autoproducers - - 58 - - - - - 

Total - - 118 - - - - - 


(MW) 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 29 209 7,698 - - - - - 

Autoproducers 5,220 4,331 4,194 - - - - - 

Total 5,249 4,540 11,892 - - - - - 


(MW) 

ITALY 

LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Total 462 742 767 767 815 819 1,104 1,137 


(MW) 

LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Total 4 4 51 104 104 110 115 135 


(MW) 

LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



Total 562 587 595 659 643 890 1,435 1,706 


(MW) 

MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Autoproducers - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Total - - 0 0 0 - - - 


(MW) 

NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 3,553 4,534 6,000 5,365 5,365 5,793 9,019 9,400 

Autoproducers 262 760 1,000 6,117 6,854 7,699 8,570 8,700 

Total 3,815 5,294 7,000 11,482 12,219 13,492 17,589 18,100 

2009-180-0004 95 



(MW) 

POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Autoproducers 2,783 2,783 1,845 1,841 1,717 1,934 1,868 1,983 

Total 7,063 7,914 6,846 7,527 7,402 7,807 6,045 6,684 


(MW) 

PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 56 56 56 995 1,089 1,530 2,250 2,250 

Autoproducers 374 533 1,050 412 324 170 0 0 

Total 430 589 1,106 1,407 1,413 1,700 2,250 2,250 


(MW) 

ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Autoproducers 650 660 437 685 426 421 1,300 2,399 

Total 3,580 6,570 3,800 3,531 3,437 3,500 4,488 6,340 


(MW) 

SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Autoproducers 1,008 756 932 1,229 1,224 3,280 3,196 3,580 

Total 430 589 1,106 1,407 1,413 1,700 2,250 2,250 


(MW) 

SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 58 103 103 - - - - - 

Autoproducers 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Total 58 103 103 - - - - - 


(MW) 

SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 317 361 360 - - - - - 

Autoproducers 580 778 899 - - - - - 

Total 897 1,139 1,259 - - - - - 


(MW) 

SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - - - 628 628 1,376 - 

Autoproducers - - - 146 27 27 59 - 

Total - - - 146 655 655 1,435 - 

2009-180-0004 96 



(MW) 

NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Autoproducers 203 228 239 - - 390 390 390 

Total 203 228 239 - - 390 390 390 


(MW) 

TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Generating Companies - - 189 2,011 2,185 - - - 

Autoproducers - - 2,285 2,031 2,250 - - - 

Total - - 2,474 4,042 4,435 - - - 

2009-180-0004 97 


3.2 Evolution of generation Equipment 

3.2.1 New Capacities 

Table 3.2.1.1 Commissioning Capacity (MW) AUSTRIA 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 

Fossil Fuel Fired - - 

Coal - - 

Brown Coal - - 

Oil - - 

Natural Gas - - 

Derived Gas - - 

Multifuels - - 

Hydro - - 

Conventional 'Hydro - - 

of which Run of River - - 

Pumped and Mixed - - 

Other Renewables - - 

Not Specified - - 

Total - - 

Table 3.2.1.2 Commissioning Capacity (MW) BELGIUM 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 

Fossil Fuel Fired - 758 

Coal - - 


Oil - - 

Natural Gas - 758 


Multifuels - 4 

Hydro - - 



Pumped and Mixed - 443 


Not Specified - 1,205 

Total - - 

Table 3.2.1.3 Commissioning Capacity (MW) BULGARIA 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 

Coal 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 

Oil 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 

Derived Gas 0 0 

Multifuels 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 

Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 

of which Run of River 0 0 

Pumped and Mixed 0 0 

Other Renewables 50 100 

Not Specified 0 0 

Total 50 100 

2009-180-0004 98 


Table 3.2.1.4 Commissioning Capacity (MW) CYPRUS 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 1,118 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 0 1,118 

Table 3.2.1.5 Commissioning Capacity (MW) CZECH REPUBLIC 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 51 

Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 27 

Natural Gas 0 

Derived Gas 24 

Multifuels 0 

Hydro 9 

Conventional 'Hydro 9 

of which Run of River 9 

Pumped and Mixed 0 

Other Renewables 35 

Not Specified 0 

Total 95 

Table 3.2.1.6 Commissioning Capacity (MW) GERMANY 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 76 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 2,965 2,382 

Coal 280 0 


Oil 0 0 

Natural Gas 2,525 2,248 



Hydro 2 110 

Conventional 'Hydro 2 - 

of which Run of River 2 - 

Pumped and Mixed 0 - 

Other Renewables 7,750 6,550 


Total 10,793 8,988 

2009-180-0004 99 


Table 3.2.1.7 Commissioning Capacity (MW) DENMARK 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 - 

Brown Coal 0 - 

Oil 0 - 

Natural Gas 0 - 

Derived Gas 0 - 

Multifuels 0 - 

Hydro 0 0 






Total 0 0 

Table 3.2.1.8 Commissioning Capacity (MW) ESTONIA 

2007 2008-2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 50 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 0 70 

Table 3.2.1.9 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SPAIN 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 

Fossil Fuel Fired 4,414 4,443 

Coal 0 - 


Oil 6 739 

Natural Gas 4,408 3,704 



Hydro - 


of which Run of River - 

Pumped and Mixed - 

Other Renewables 3,014 5,068 

Not Specified 0 - 

Total 7,463 9,656 

2009-180-0004 100 


Table 3.2.1.10 Commissioning Capacity (MW) FINLAND 

Nuclear 

2007 

- 

2008 - 2009 

- 


Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Multifuels - 

Hydro 40 29 






Total 184 277 

Table 3.2.1.11 Commissioning Capacity (MW) FRANCE 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 - 


Coal - - 


Oil 813 1,630 




Hydro - - 






Total - - 

Table 3.2.1.12 Commissioning Capacity (MW) UNITED KINGDOM 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 1,399 

Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 1,399 



Hydro 0 52 




Other Renewables 377 1,774 


Total 377 3,225 

2009-180-0004 101 


Table 3.2.1.13 Commissioning Capacity (MW) GREECE 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 63 0 




Hydro 22 21 






Total 251 189 

Table 3.2.1.14 Commissioning Capacity (MW) HUNGARY 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 67 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 2 0 






Total 288 387 

Table 3.2.1.15 Commissioning Capacity (MW) IRELAND 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 


Coal - - 


Oil - - 




Hydro - - 






Total - - 

2009-180-0004 102 


Table 3.2.1.16 Commissioning Capacity (MW) ITALY 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 


Coal - - 


Oil - - 




Hydro - - 






Total - - 

Table 3.2.1.17 Commissioning Capacity (MW) LITHUANIA 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 

Brown Coal 0 

Oil 0 


Derived Gas 0 


Hydro 4 0 






Total 855 68 

Table 3.2.1.18 Commissioning Capacity (MW) LUXEMBOURG 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 - 


Coal 0 - 


Oil 0 - 




Hydro 0 - 






Total 5 26 

2009-180-0004 103 


Table 3.2.1.19 Commissioning Capacity (MW) LATVIA 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 0 0 

Table 3.2.1.20 Commissioning Capacity (MW) MALTA 

Nuclear - - 


Coal - - 


Oil - - 




Hydro - - 






Total - - 

Table 3.2.1.21 Commissioning Capacity (MW) NETHERLANDS 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 0 






Total 1,075 1,491 

2009-180-0004 104 


Table 3.2.1.22 Commissioning Capacity (MW) POLAND 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 

Fossil Fuel Fired - 870 

Coal - 430 

Brown Coal - 440 

Oil - 0 


Derived Gas - 0 

Multifuels - 0 

Hydro - 0 

Conventional 'Hydro - 0 

of which Run of River - 0 

Pumped and Mixed - 0 



Total 147 1,668 

Table 3.2.1.23 Commissioning Capacity (MW) PORTUGAL 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 - 

Fossil Fuel Fired 12 1,067 

Coal 0 0 


Oil 5 0 

Natural Gas 7 1,067 



Hydro 4 44 




Other Renewables 503 1,843 


Total 519 2,954 

Table 3.2.1.24 Commissioning Capacity (MW) ROMANIA 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 650 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 85 






Total 657 292 

2009-180-0004 105 


Table 3.2.1.25 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SWEDEN 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 76 - 


Coal - - 


Oil - - 




Hydro 40 - 






Total 350 808 

Table 3.2.1.26 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SLOVENIA 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 


Coal - - 


Oil - - 




Hydro - - 






Total - - 

Table 3.2.1.27 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SLOVAKIA 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear - - 


Coal - - 


Oil - - 




Hydro - - 






Total - - 

2009-180-0004 106 


Table 3.2.1.28 Commissioning Capacity (MW) SWITZERLAND 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 2 20 






Total 46 125 

Table 3.2.1.29 Commissioning Capacity (MW) NORWAY 

2007 2008 - 2009 

Nuclear 0 0 


Coal 0 0 


Oil 0 0 




Hydro 0 638 

Conventional 'Hydro 0 


Pumped and Mixed 0 



Total 0 1,382 

Table 3.2.1.30 Commissioning Capacity (MW) TURKEY 

Nuclear 

2007 

- 

2008 - 2009 

- 

Fossil Fuel Fired -150 310 

Coal 

Brown Coal 1 

Oil -354 3 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

203 307 


Hydro 332 434 

Conventional 'Hydro 


Pumped and Mixed 

332 434 


Not Specified 

88 241 

Total 270 985 

2009-180-0004 107 


3.3 Electricity production 

3.3.1 Annual production 

Table 3.3.1A.1 Annual Electricity Production by Primary 

Energy (TWh) 

AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 11.2 15.2 15.1 21.5 20.6 20.8 23.4 42.6 

of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 3.7 4.1 

Brown Coal 2.4 2.3 1.1 

Oil 4.9 1.7 1.5 

Natural Gas 3.6 6.8 7.5 

Derived Gas 0.3 0.7 0.9 

Hydro 28.9 32.3 43.3 34.5 35.5 36.3 41.4 43.3 

Conventional 'Hydro 20.5 23.3 31.0 24.0 24.5 25.0 28.5 

of which Run of River 20.5 23.3 31.0 24.0 24.5 25.0 28.5 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 8.4 9.0 12.3 10.5 11.0 11.2 12.8 

Other Renewables 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.7 

Solar 

Geothermal 

Wind (All) 


Wind Offshore 

Biogas 

Biomass 

Waste 



Total 40.7 48.8 60.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 71.9 85.9 

*Multifuels are included in the corresponding monofuels. 

*Pumped & Mixed= storage power capacity 

*Total Other Renewables are included in Conventional Thermal Total and Not Specified 

*Hydro forecast data correspond to average productibility values 

*Biogas, Biomass, Waste, Refuse Derived Fuel and MSW/Industrial are also partly included in Conventional Thermal 

and Not Specified 

2009-180-0004 108 



Energy (TWh) 

BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 11.9 40.5 45.7 44.3 45.9 44.9 31.1 55.0 


of which multifuels 

38.0 25.1 31.5 32.5 33.3 38.7 52.4 36.5 

Coal 12.2 16.2 12.4 6.6 6.3 9.0 9.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 17.3 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 

Natural Gas 5.6 5.1 15.4 22.2 24.5 26.6 40.3 

Derived Gas 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0 

Hydro 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.4 

Conventional 'Hydro 


0.1 0.1 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 

Other Renewables 0 0 0.8 3.3 3.5 2.9 4.3 19.4 

Solar 0.0 


Wind (All) 


0.4 0.4 1.3 2.1 14.5 

Wind Offshore 

Biogas 

0 0.8 1.4 

Biomass 3.0 0.6 1.2 4.9 

Waste 


1.1 1.0 1.0 

Not Specified 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 0 0 0 

Total 51.0 67.2 80.2 81.9 85.1 87.8 89.1 111.3 


Energy (TWh) 

BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5.7 13.5 16.8 18.1 13.6 13.8 28.4 43.0 


of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 7.4 6.8 2.0 2.9 4.1 4.6 4.5 0.4 

Brown Coal 9.4 11.2 12.3 13.7 14.5 17.7 19.4 24.8 

Oil 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.7 3.3 3.8 5.6 10.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.7 1.8 2.9 4.5 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.2 

Conventional 'Hydro 3.7 1.7 2.6 3.9 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.6 

of which Run of River 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 1.6 4.9 6.8 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.6 4.9 6.8 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.6 4.9 6.8 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 31.2 37.5 36.8 41.6 39.5 44.7 66.5 88.7 

2009-180-0004 109 



Energy (TWh) 

CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.4 4.8 4.7 0.5 0.7 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 8.1 10.8 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0.0 


Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.3 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.4 4.8 5.4 8.6 11.5 


Energy (TWh) 


1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 11.8 12.7 24.5 24.6 25.9 25.9 35.0 



Coal 6.8 5.6 6.6 7.2 7.0 7.7 7.7 7.0 

Brown Coal 37.3 38.0 42.6 41.2 45.0 40.0 39.2 40.0 

Oil 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.2 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 

Derived Gas 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 

Hydro 2.4 1.4 2.3 3.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.5 1.5 4.0 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 4.0 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 3.3 7.9 0 

Total 48.7 58.1 67.7 77.7 81.3 83.9 87.9 91.0 

2009-180-0004 110 



Energy (TWh) 

GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 41.0 139.0 160.7 158.7 133.2 150.0 41.0 0 


of which multifuels 42.8 35.9 39.2 37.0 36.5 

Coal 105.0 129.0 131.2 126.8 130.8 115.0 110.0 95.0 

Brown Coal 87.0 75.0 136.1 138.5 142.3 135.0 130.0 125.0 

Oil 25.0 9.0 5.4 9.5 8.6 8.5 6.0 4.0 

Natural Gas 59.0 34.0 47.0 70.8 73.4 80.0 130.0 140.0 

Derived Gas - - 8.9 10.5 11.0 8.5 6.0 4.0 

Hydro 18.0 21.0 29.0 26.4 27.6 27.0 31.5 33.0 


of which Run of River 16.0 18.0 21.3 



Solar 0 0 0 2.2 3.1 4.5 7.0 9.0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 4.0 

Wind (All) 0 0 9.5 30.7 39.7 43.5 76.0 92.0 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 9.5 30.7 39.7 43.0 46.0 47.0 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 30.0 45.0 

Biogas 0 0 0.5 5.9 7.8 7.0 14.0 16.0 

Biomass 0 0 0.6 9.0 11.0 12.0 22.0 25.0 

Waste 0 0 3.7 5.5 7.1 8.5 10.0 12.0 


Not Specified 12.0 11.0 5.9 2.7 3.3 0 0 0 

Total 347.0 418.0 538.5 597.2 598.9 599.6 584.7 559.0 


Energy (TWh) 

DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 20.8 29.4 16.2 26.1 21.8 13.0 9.9 7.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 3.1 0.8 4.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Natural Gas 0 0.2 10.3 9.3 7.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 9.5 6.1 7.2 9.9 16.5 23.2 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 1.4 1.4 3.0 8.4 13.9 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 23.9 30.8 35.2 42.9 37.0 34.2 38.2 43.8 

2009-180-0004 111 



Energy (TWh) 

ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 8.5 9.7 12.2 16.2 

of which multifuels 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 0.1 0.1 0.1 



Hydro 0 0 0 1.0 

Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0 


Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Solar 0 0 0 


Wind (All) 0 0.1 0.1 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0.1 0.1 


Biogas 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 


Not Specified 7.7 8.8 11.4 0 

Total 17.2 15.4 16.3 18.6 23.7 17.2 


Energy (TWh) 

SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.9 51.7 59.7 57.7 52.9 58.6 58.6 77.8 


of which multifuels 2.8 3.0 4.1 2.2 0.6 0.5 0 0 

Coal 22.3 45.9 62.0 53.2 57.7 51.2 24.9 20.4 

Brown Coal 7.4 10.9 13.5 12.2 13.0 0 0 0 

Oil 36.7 8.0 22.5 19.4 17.5 18.7 19.7 23.3 

Natural Gas 3.4 4.1 19.6 91.4 96.8 118.8 188.9 199.5 

Derived Gas - - - 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 30.4 26.2 31.4 29.1 30.1 39.4 42.1 44.2 





Solar 0 0 0 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.8 3.0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 4.7 23.2 27.5 34.1 64.1 85.7 



Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 

Biomass 0 0 0.2 1.6 1.5 3.0 9.0 14.9 

Waste 0 0 1.4 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.5 


Not Specified 

Total 105.1 146.8 215.1 290.7 300.7 327.6 412.7 473.6 

2009-180-0004 112 



Energy (TWh) 

FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 6.6 18.1 21.6 22.0 22.5 22.5 47.4 56.4 



Coal 11.4 9.0 8.2 15.2 13.0 10.5 6.9 5.0 

Brown Coal 0.7 2.8 3.5 6.2 6.9 5.7 5.2 5.2 

Oil 4.2 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 

Natural Gas 1.7 4.4 8.4 11.9 10.2 13.1 18.2 16.5 

Derived Gas 

Hydro 10.1 10.8 14.5 11.3 14.0 13.5 13.9 14.4 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Renewables 3.4 4.4 8.2 10.3 9.6 11.0 17.1 13.0 

Solar 0 0 0 


Wind (All) 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 4.5 7.5 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 

Biogas 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 

Biomass 3.4 4.4 8.0 10.0 9.1 

Waste 0.1 0.2 0.3 


Not Specified 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.8 

Total 38.7 51.6 67.3 78.6 77.8 78.4 111.1 120.6 


Energy (TWh) 

FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 57.9 297.9 395.2 428.7 418.6 430.3 447.2 477.3 


of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 59.6 29.3 25.8 21.7 17.7 12.2 

Brown Coal 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0 

Oil 45.2 7.2 7.9 3.1 1.8 1.1 

Natural Gas 5.9 2.8 10.9 4.9 8.9 15.2 


Hydro 69.8 57.2 71.0 61.0 63.2 70.7 73.9 95.5 

Conventional 'Hydro 68.7 53.2 66.2 

of which Run of River 42.1 31.8 36.5 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 1.1 4.0 4.8 

Other Renewables 0.6 0.6 2.6 5.6 7.9 14.6 47.9 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind (All) 0 0 0.1 2.3 4.0 9.7 36.7 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 


Biogas 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 1.9 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.6 1.1 3.3 4.9 11.2 

Not Specified 0 0 0 24.1 23.2 23.8 0 

Total 247.2 400.0 516.8 549.1 544.7 567.2 621.3 631.5 

2009-180-0004 113 



Energy (TWh) 


1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 32.3 58.7 78.3 69.2 57.2 49.2 36.1 66.5 


of which multifuels 20.0 22.0 30.0 33.0 30.8 30.8 17.6 17.6 

Coal 203.9 209.1 114.7 142.7 129.4 126.9 93.3 50.1 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 22.7 20.5 5.9 4.5 4.1 3.6 1.0 0.2 

Natural Gas 0.3 2.0 145.0 138.1 161.1 178.7 236.0 235.4 

Derived Gas 2.0 2.0 4.2 3.4 2.9 0 0 0 

Hydro 5.1 7.1 7.7 8.3 8.9 9.3 9.6 9.6 




Other Renewables 0 0.7 5.0 13.8 14.8 21.7 65.9 95.0 

Solar 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0.9 4.2 5.3 11.4 42.5 70.6 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0.7 0.8 1.9 18.7 41.5 

Biogas 0 0.5 2.3 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.1 

Biomass 0 0 0.5 3.4 2.9 3.4 15.7 15.7 

Waste 0 0.2 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.4 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 


Total 266.3 300.1 360.8 379.6 378.4 389.2 441.9 456.8 


Energy (TWh) 

GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 9.0 23.0 30.9 29.2 31.1 30.4 29.4 

Oil 8.9 7.1 8.7 8.1 8.2 6.5 2.6 

Natural Gas 5.6 10.2 13.2 15.5 25.2 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.4 2.0 4.1 6.5 3.2 3.8 4.0 4.0 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.5 

Other Renewables 0 0.2 0.6 1.8 2.3 4.7 13.9 13.0 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.0 


Wind (All) 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.1 12.3 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.1 12.3 


Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 

Biomass 

Waste 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 



Total 21.3 32.1 49.9 55.7 57.9 60.9 75.1 88.1 

2009-180-0004 114 



Energy (TWh) 

HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 13.7 14.1 12.7 13.8 14.1 14.1 15.0 



Coal 0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 3.5 7.0 

Brown Coal 12.0 7.8 8.4 5.2 6.5 5.7 5.5 5.0 

Oil 5.9 1.0 4.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 5.9 4.8 7.1 12.2 13.5 11.4 15.7 19.5 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 

Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 1.4 1.7 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 1.4 1.7 


Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 

Biomass 0 0 0 1.5 1.2 2.2 3.0 4.0 

Waste 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 



Total 23.9 28.5 35.2 33.3 37.1 39.2 47.6 52.6 


Energy (TWh) 

IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuels 0 1.8 2.6 0 0 

Coal 0.1 5.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 

Brown Coal 1.5 2.0 1.6 2.6 2.6 

Oil 5.3 1.5 4.4 0.7 0.7 

Natural Gas 2.0 3.5 8.9 17.8 24.5 


Hydro 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 

Conventional 'Hydro 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 


Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Other Renewables 0.3 1.9 2.7 3.6 5.4 6.4 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 


Wind (All) 0.2 1.8 3.3 5.0 

of which Wind Onshore 0.2 3.0 3.8 

Wind Offshore 0.3 1.3 

Biogas 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 10.0 13.5 22.7 25.9 27.5 32.4 40.9 38.7 

2009-180-0004 115 



Energy (TWh) 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuels 62.5 83.5 205.6 46.3 32.3 45.3 

Coal 12.5 28.8 23.9 49.0 59.3 81.0 

Brown Coal 1.2 0.9 0 0 0 0 

Oil 100.0 96.7 83.2 19.0 18.7 28.4 

Natural Gas 8.7 36.7 93.5 162.1 210.6 311.8 

Derived Gas 3.2 4.0 5.0 5.8 6.0 6.4 

Hydro 46.4 34.6 50.2 42.8 38.0 53.0 58.2 58.8 

Conventional 'Hydro 43.1 29.8 43.7 46.0 50.1 50.0 

of which Run of River 8.6 10.5 15.6 19.6 23.3 23.6 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed 3.3 4.8 6.5 7.0 8.1 8.8 


Solar 0 0 0 0.4 2.1 5.0 

Geothermal 2.6 3.1 4.4 5.1 6.0 6.4 

Wind (All) 0 0 0.6 3.0 4.0 6.2 11.4 16.2 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6 

Biogas 0 0 0.5 1.6 1.9 2.1 

Biomass 0 0.1 0.6 5.0 12.6 20.0 

Waste 0 0.1 0.7 4.9 7.8 10.3 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0.2 0.7 1.0 1.3 2.6 


Total 176.7 205.2 263.3 301.2 301.3 313.1 392.9 548.9 


Energy (TWh) 

ITALY 

LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 15.7 7.4 7.9 7.1 0 12.0 24.0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 10.3 4.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Natural Gas 0.3 5.5 1.4 2.5 2.5 9.4 10.7 6.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.7 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.4 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 



Total 11.0 26.3 10.0 11.4 10.9 10.8 25.3 33.7 

2009-180-0004 116 



Energy (TWh) 

LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.2 0 0.4 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.8 4.2 

Derived Gas 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 

Conventional 'Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 




Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 1.0 1.3 1.3 4.2 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6 


Energy (TWh) 

LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuels 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.4 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Natural Gas 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.6 2.2 3.8 5.5 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 

Biogas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 4.6 6.4 4.1 4.6 4.4 5.3 9.4 11.4 

2009-180-0004 117 



Energy (TWh) 

MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 1.9 2.3 2.3 

of which multifuels 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 1.9 2.3 2.3 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 


Hydro 0 0 0 

Conventional 'Hydro 0 0 0 



Other Renewables 0 0 0 

Solar 0 0 0 


Wind (All) 0 0 0 



Biogas 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 



Total 1.9 2.3 2.3 


Energy (TWh) 

NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 17.5 



Coal 7.0 25.1 29.2 21.3 24.6 22.1 41.8 40.8 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 23.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Natural Gas 23.7 37.2 48.0 59.1 58.5 61.1 61.7 78.1 

Derived Gas 2.0 1.9 3.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 6.2 6.2 

Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Conventional 'Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

of which Run of River 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 


Other Renewables 1.3 7.1 9.5 13.8 23.9 25.2 

Solar 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 

Geothermal 

Wind (All) 0.8 2.7 3.4 5.3 13.5 13.5 

of which Wind Onshore 0.8 2.7 3.1 4.2 6.0 6.0 

Wind Offshore 0 0 0.3 1.1 7.5 7.5 

Biogas 0.1 

Biomass 0.2 3.3 4.0 5.2 6.0 7.4 

Waste 0.4 1.0 2.0 3.3 4.3 4.3 



Total 59.7 68.8 85.8 94.9 101.0 105.2 138.0 168.2 

2009-180-0004 118 



Energy (TWh) 

POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Coal 86.1 71.2 82.3 91.3 91.2 85.2 103.5 132.3 

Brown Coal 21.9 48.2 45.9 49.6 47.4 59.5 52.8 49.4 

Oil 2.1 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 1.0 4.8 4.7 5.0 18.4 24.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 3.3 3.3 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.8 4.0 4.4 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0.0 0.3 0.3 2.3 4.2 5.0 


Wind Offshore 

Biogas 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 113.4 123.1 133.2 149.3 146.8 156.3 183.5 216.5 


Energy (TWh) 

PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 1.0 0 0 0 

Coal 0.6 8.7 13.7 14.1 11.7 9.6 4.5 5.6 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 6.3 9.5 9.2 4.8 4.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 

Natural Gas 0 0 6.6 11.8 12.7 18.0 22.7 30.3 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 7.9 9.1 11.6 11.3 10.3 11.3 14.6 15.9 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 3.4 3.6 

Geothermal 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Wind (All) 0 0 0.2 2.9 4.0 8.6 16.9 19.3 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 3.3 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.0 1.0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.5 1.5 

Waste 0 0 0.6 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.4 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.2 1.4 

Not Specified 0 0 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 

Total 14.8 27.3 42.2 47.6 46.0 54.1 71.6 84.2 

The figures refer to electricity + heat production. 

2009-180-0004 119 



Energy (TWh) 

ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 5.1 5.2 7.1 10.1 18.4 23.1 



Coal 7.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.8 2.1 4.3 10.7 

Brown Coal 13.1 14.6 13.8 20.2 18.8 19.2 13.0 14.3 

Oil 5.8 9.0 2.5 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.3 0.2 

Natural Gas 23.2 18.3 7.0 9.1 9.4 4.8 9.8 10.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 12.3 10.7 14.6 18.0 15.6 16.0 17.6 17.9 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.5 

Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 6.1 8.1 

Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.5 5.9 7.7 



Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Total 61.5 56.7 47.1 57.4 56.4 54.0 69.3 84.3 


Energy (TWh) 

SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 25.3 65.2 54.8 65.0 64.3 71.9 75.4 52.9 



Coal 0.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0.1 0 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 

Oil 9.3 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 

Natural Gas 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 

Derived Gas 0 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Hydro 58.1 71.4 77.8 61.1 65.6 67.0 68.4 69.7 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.4 3.0 15.0 25.0 


Wind Offshore 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0.2 0.8 1.8 4.9 4.7 5.5 7.0 9.5 

Waste 0.3 0.9 2.3 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.8 


Not Specified 

Total 93.4 141.7 141.7 140.2 144.7 155.7 174.3 166.0 

2009-180-0004 120 



Energy (TWh) 

SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.9 6.1 3.1 


of which multifuels 0 

Coal 3.7 3.9 4.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 4.4 6.0 10.4 

Oil 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0.1 0.7 1.3 0.7 


Hydro 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.2 




Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.0 1.6 

Solar 0 0 0 


Wind (All) 0 0 0 



Biogas 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0 



Total 7.0 11.2 12.6 13.1 13.1 15.2 19.0 21.7 


Energy (TWh) 

SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.2 11.2 15.2 16.6 14.2 15.8 15.8 20.1 


of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 4.2 3.6 2.6 2.3 2.3 

Brown Coal 3.5 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.6 

Oil 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 

Natural Gas 3.9 2.1 3.2 6.4 10.5 


Hydro 2.3 2.5 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 5.4 

Conventional 'Hydro 2.1 2.3 4.7 4.1 4.1 


Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 

Other Renewables TWh 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.5 0.7 

Solar TWh 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal TWh 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 

Wind (All) TWh 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 

of which Wind Onshore TWh 0 0 0 0 0.1 

Wind Offshore TWh 0 0 0 0 0 

Biogas TWh 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass TWh 0 0 0 0.4 0.5 

Waste TWh 0 0 0 0 0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) TWh 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 18.6 22.5 28.7 29.0 26.1 31.4 35.6 55.7 

2009-180-0004 121 



Energy (TWh) 

SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 13.7 22.3 24.9 26.2 26.3 24.4 21.4 28.0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0.7 1.7 2.2 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6 


Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0.1 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.6 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Hydro 33.5 30.7 37.9 32.6 36.4 37.2 42.2 43.2 





Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 


Wind (All) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

of which Wind Onshore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Biogas 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 2.8 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 

Not Specified 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 48.2 54.1 65.3 62.1 65.9 65.2 68.7 78.3 


Energy (TWh) 

NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fossil Fuel Fired 0 0 0 1.1 1.4 4.7 10.5 15.5 

of which multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 4.7 10.5 15.5 


Hydro 83.1 120.3 141.1 119.9 135.0 121.5 122.7 125.5 



Hydro Pumped and Mixed 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.2 


Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Geothermal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Wind (All) 0 0 0.0 0.7 0.9 3.0 5.0 7.9 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0 0 0.7 1.4 

Biogas 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Biomass 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Waste 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 


Not Specified 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Total 83.2 120.8 141.8 121.7 137.4 129.6 138.7 149.3 

2009-180-0004 122 



Energy (TWh) 

TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.6 

Fossil Fuel Fired 11.8 34.3 93.8 131.6 154.9 179.7 333.3 

of which multifuels 2.2 16.1 19.6 20.2 

Coal 0.9 0.6 3.1 13.2 14.0 11.7 42.3 

Brown Coal 5.0 19.6 34.4 32.4 38.3 54.3 118.0 

Oil 5.9 3.9 9.3 4.3 6.5 6.9 6.3 

Natural Gas 10.2 46.2 80.7 95.0 106.8 166.7 


Hydro 11.4 23.1 30.9 44.3 35.9 57.3 109.8 


of which Run of River - - - - - - - 

Hydro Pumped and Mixed - - - - - - - 


Solar 

Geothermal 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Wind (All) 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 4.9 8.4 


Wind Offshore 

Biogas 

Biomass 

Waste 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 


Not Specified 

Total 23.3 57.5 124.9 176.3 191.6 242.0 483.2 


Energy (TWh) 

EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 195.9 744.7 895.8 939.2 884.6 917.0 861.5 966.7 

Fossil Fuel Fired 1,293.0 1,258.0 1,527.3 1,713.1 1,779.1 1,738.8 1,994.0 2,229.8 


Coal 570.9 636.9 552.1 534.8 504.1 534.5 506.1 464.2 

Brown Coal 207.0 239.7 311.9 316.4 325.9 321.9 304.7 274.1 

Oil 341.3 186.6 171.6 64.2 56.4 73.2 58.7 63.3 

Natural Gas 151.6 171.8 452.2 466.2 497.4 764.6 1,079.9 1,122.6 

Derived Gas 19.4 17.7 31.3 22.2 22.1 21.9 22.1 18.0 

Hydro 311.0 302.1 379.9 335.9 335.4 371.0 401.0 433.7 





Solar 0 0 0 2.4 3.7 5.9 15.5 20.9 

Geothermal 2.6 3.1 4.5 0.1 0.2 5.4 7.6 11.2 

Wind (All) 0 0 27.6 80.4 99.9 148.5 335.9 395.0 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6 2.1 2.5 7.6 68.5 111.8 

Biogas 0 0.5 3.7 11.2 13.6 15.1 24.5 27.3 

Biomass 3.6 5.3 11.9 37.1 34.9 37.9 79.5 104.8 

Waste 0.3 1.4 13.7 16.3 19.5 28.5 35.2 40.1 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.8 1.8 3.3 0 6.0 13.7 4.5 

Not Specified 12.9 11.8 15.1 37.8 17.1 28.6 34.2 2.3 

Total 1,834.9 2,340.9 2,878.0 3,194.3 3,213.1 3,319.1 3,821.4 4,266.4 

2009-180-0004 123 



Energy (TWh) 

EU-30 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 209.6 767.0 920.7 965.4 910.9 941.4 914.5 994.7 

Fossil Fuel Fired 1,304.8 1,293.0 1,622.8 1,848.0 1,937.0 1,925.6 2,341.0 2,248.9 


Coal 571.8 637.5 555.2 548.0 518.1 546.2 548.4 464.2 

Brown Coal 212.0 259.3 346.3 348.8 364.2 376.2 422.7 274.1 

Oil 347.2 190.6 181.0 68.8 62.9 80.1 65.0 63.3 

Natural Gas 151.6 182.6 500.0 548.8 594.0 878.5 1,260.3 1,141.7 

Derived Gas 19.4 17.7 32.1 23.2 23.2 21.9 22.1 18.0 

Hydro 439.0 476.2 589.8 532.7 542.7 587.0 675.7 602.4 





Solar 0 0 0 2.4 3.7 5.9 15.5 21.0 

Geothermal 2.6 3.2 4.6 0.2 0.4 5.5 7.7 11.2 

Wind (All) 0 0 27.6 81.2 101.2 156.4 349.2 402.9 


Wind Offshore 0 0 0.6 2.1 2.5 7.6 69.2 113.2 

Biogas 0 0.6 3.8 11.3 13.8 15.3 24.7 27.7 

Biomass 3.6 5.3 11.9 37.1 34.9 37.9 79.5 104.8 

Waste 0.4 1.7 14.6 17.5 21.0 29.6 36.8 43.0 

Other (Wave/Tidal etc) 0.6 0.8 1.8 3.3 0.1 6.1 13.8 4.7 

Not Specified 14.0 12.2 15.7 37.8 17.1 29.0 34.6 2.7 

Total 1,989.6 2,573.3 3,210.0 3,554.4 3,608.0 3,755.9 4,512.0 4,494.0 

2009-180-0004 124 


Table 3.3.1B. Annual Electricity Production by 

Technology (TWh) 

AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 8.4 10.4 2.4 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 21.5 20.6 20.8 23.4 


Hydro 28.9 32.3 43.3 34.5 35.5 36.3 41.4 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.7 


Not Specified 3.4 6.1 14.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 

Total 40.7 48.8 60.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 71.9 

Table 3.3.1B.2 Annual Electricity Production by 


BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 11.9 40.5 45.7 44.3 45.8 44.9 31.1 - 

Steam Thermal Units - - 18.3 - - 16.8 17.1 - 

Gas Turbine Units - - 0.6 - - 0.7 1.7 - 

Combined Cycle Units - - 13.3 - - 21.9 34.9 - 

Internal Combustion Units - - 0.5 - - 0.9 0.9 - 

Hydro 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 - 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0.4 0 - - 1.3 2.1 - 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - - - - - - 

Not Specified 38.3 25.3 0 - - 0 0 - 

Total 51.0 67.1 80.1 - - 87.8 89.1 - 



BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 5.7 13.5 16.8 18.1 13.6 13.8 28.4 43.0 

Steam Thermal Units 21.7 22.2 17.1 18.8 22.4 26.6 28.8 29.7 


Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 6.0 


Hydro 3.7 1.8 2.9 4.5 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.2 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 1.6 4.9 6.8 



Total 31.2 37.5 36.8 41.6 39.5 44.7 66.5 88.7 

2009-180-0004 125 




CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 7.2 9.7 


Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 - - 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) - - - 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 1.0 2.0 3.4 4.4 4.8 5.1 8.6 11.5 




1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 11.8 12.7 24.5 24.6 25.9 25.9 35.0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 3.2 4.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 


Hydro 2.4 1.4 2.3 3.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 


New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 

Not Specified 2.2 1.3 2.5 0.1 0 3.3 3.5 6.0 

Total 48.7 58.1 67.7 77.9 81.3 83.9 87.9 91.0 



GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 41.0 139.0 160.7 158.7 133.2 150.0 41.0 0 

Steam Thermal Units - - 293.0 308.0 324.0 300.0 301.0 285.0 

Gas Turbine Units - - 6.0 8.3 8.5 9.0 10.5 11.0 

Combined Cycle Units - - 37.0 56.0 57.0 60.0 110.0 120.0 

Internal Combustion Units - - 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 

Hydro 18.0 21.0 29.0 26.4 27.6 27.0 31.5 33.0 

Non-fuel Renewables - - 9.5 32.9 42.8 48.1 84.2 105.0 


Not Specified - - 2.9 6.2 5.0 4.5 5.3 3.5 

Total 347.0 418.0 538.5 597.2 598.9 599.6 584.7 559.0 



DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0.4 4.5 6.1 7.2 9.9 14.2 20.6 



Total 23.9 30.8 35.2 42.9 37.0 37.9 41.1 44.6 

2009-180-0004 126 




ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 - 0 0 0 - - - 

Steam Thermal Units - - 7.6 8.7 11.4 - - - 




Hydro - - 0 0 0 - - - 



Not Specified - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Total - - 7.6 8.7 11.4 - - - 



SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.9 51.7 59.7 57.7 52.9 58.6 58.6 77.8 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 2.3 4.7 


Internal Combustion Units 0.9 4.6 7.0 8.4 8.4 9.2 9.3 10.8 

Hydro 30.4 26.2 31.4 29.1 30.1 39.4 42.1 44.2 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 6.3 27.6 32.7 40.9 78.6 108.2 



Total 105.1 146.8 215.1 290.7 300.7 327.6 412.7 473.6 



FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 6.6 18.1 21.6 22.0 22.5 22.5 47.4 56.4 

Steam Thermal Units 22.0 22.7 31.2 33.9 - 41.6 45.3 42.3 

Gas Turbine Units - - - 2.2 - - - - 

Combined Cycle Units - - - 8.8 - - - - 

Internal Combustion Units - - - 0.2 - - - - 

Hydro 10.1 10.8 14.5 11.3 14.0 13.5 13.9 14.4 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.1 0.2 - 0.8 4.5 7.5 



Total 38.7 51.6 67.3 78.6 77.8 78.4 111.1 120.6 



FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 57.9 297.9 395.2 428.7 418.6 430.3 447.2 - 

Steam Thermal Units 118.9 - - - - - - - 

Gas Turbine Units - - - - - - - - 

Combined Cycle Units - - - 4.9 - - - 

Internal Combustion Units - - - - - - - - 

Hydro 69.8 57.2 71.0 61.0 63.2 70.7 73.9 - 

Non-fuel Renewables 0.6 0.6 0.7 5.6 7.9 - - - 


Not Specified 0 44.3 49.9 48.9 55.0 - - - 

Total 247.2 400.0 516.8 549.1 544.7 567.2 621.3 - 

2009-180-0004 127 





1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 32.3 58.7 78.3 69.2 57.2 52.7 38.6 71.1 



Combined Cycle Units 0 0.3 126.4 127.4 148.5 161.5 229.3 224.4 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0.5 2.3 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.1 

Hydro 5.1 7.1 7.7 8.3 8.9 9.3 9.6 9.6 




Total 266.3 300.1 360.8 379.6 378.4 389.2 441.9 456.8 



GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Steam Thermal Units 16.6 28.5 38.6 35.5 33.5 32.8 29.8 - 

Gas Turbine Units 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.5 - 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 4.1 9.3 11.9 15.4 24.3 - 

Internal Combustion Units 0.5 1.0 2.1 2.4 6.6 3.0 2.6 - 

Hydro 3.4 2.0 4.1 6.5 3.2 3.8 4.0 - 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.7 13.9 - 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Not Specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Total 21.3 32.1 49.9 55.7 57.9 60.9 75.1 - 



HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 13,7 14,1 12,7 13,8 14,1 14,1 15,0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 1,1 0,3 0,4 0,8 0,8 0,8 


Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 1,7 2,3 2,3 2,0 1,8 

Hydro 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0,1 0,5 1,7 2,5 



Total 23,9 28,5 35,2 33,3 37,1 36,1 44,5 54,1 



IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Steam Thermal Units 8.1 11.6 16.6 - - 9.6 10.3 - 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0.1 0.3 - - 0.1 0.1 - 

Combined Cycle Units 0.8 0.8 3.8 - - 17.0 22.8 - 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0.1 - - 0.3 0.4 - 

Hydro 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 - 1.2 1.2 - 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0.2 - - 3.3 5.0 - 


Not Specified 0 0 0.6 - - 0.9 1.1 - 

Total 10.0 13.5 22.7 - - 32.4 40.9 - 

2009-180-0004 128 




1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 124.5 163.6 145.5 - - 69.7 85.8 129.8 

Gas Turbine Units 1.0 2.4 16.7 - - 14.8 18.5 22.6 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0.7 42.8 - - 159.5 205.3 302.1 

Internal Combustion Units 0.1 0.6 2.4 - - 3.4 4.3 5.4 

Hydro 46.4 34.6 50.2 42.8 38.0 53.0 58.2 58.8 

Non-fuel Renewables 2.6 3.3 5.7 - - 12.7 20.8 30.2 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Total 176.7 205.2 263.3 - - 313.1 392.9 548.9 



2009-180-0004 129 


ITALY 

LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 15.7 7.4 7.9 7.1 0 12.0 24.0 



Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0 5.0 


Hydro 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.4 



Total 11.0 26.3 10.0 11.4 10.9 10.8 25.3 33.7 



LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0.7 0.5 0.4 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 



Hydro 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 




Total 1.0 1.3 1.3 4.1 4.0 4.5 5.1 5.6 



LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.7 



Hydro 3.0 4.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2 




Total 4.6 6.4 4.1 4.6 4.4 5.3 9.4 11.4



MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 - 0 0 0 - - - 

Steam Thermal Units - - 1.6 2.0 2.1 - - - 


Combined Cycle Units - - 0.3 0.3 0.2 - - - 


Hydro - - 0 0 0 - - - 



Not Specified - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Total - - 1.9 2.3 2.3 - - - 



NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 17.5 


Gas Turbine Units 1.0 1.0 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.6 6.4 

Combined Cycle Units 17.0 44.0 36.1 33.0 31.2 35.2 42.4 50.6 


Hydro 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 1.0 1.7 7.1 9.5 13.8 23.9 25.2 



Total 59.7 68.8 85.8 94.9 101.0 105.2 138.0 168.2 



POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 





Hydro 3,3 3,3 4,0 3,0 2,8 3,8 4,0 4,4 




Total 113,4 123,1 133,2 149,3 146,8 156,3 183,5 216,5 



PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Gas Turbine Units 0.1 0 0 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.3 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 5.9 9.8 10.5 13.2 14.9 21.4 


Hydro 7.9 9.1 11.6 11.3 10.3 11.3 14.6 15.9 




Total 14.8 27.3 42.2 47.6 46.0 54.1 71.6 84.2 

2009-180-0004 130 




ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 5.1 5.2 7.1 10.1 18.4 23.1 


Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 



Hydro 12.3 10.7 14.6 18.0 15.6 16.0 17.6 17.9 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 5.9 7.7 



Total 61.5 56.7 47.1 57.4 56.4 54.0 69.3 84.3 



SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 25.3 65.2 54.8 65.0 64.3 71.9 75.4 52.9 


Gas Turbine Units 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Hydro 58.1 71.4 77.8 61.1 65.6 67.0 68.4 69.7 




Total 93.4 141.7 141.7 140.2 144.7 155.7 174.3 166.0 



SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.9 6.1 3.1 

Steam Thermal Units 3.8 4.0 4.5 3.1 - - - - 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0.1 - - - - - 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Hydro 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.2 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 - - - - - 


Not Specified 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Total 7.0 11.2 12.6 13.1 13.1 15.2 19.0 21.7 



SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 4.2 11.2 15.2 16.6 14.2 15.8 15.8 - 

Steam Thermal Units 12.1 8.8 7.3 - - 6.5 6.4 - 

Gas Turbine Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 1.2 - - 4.2 8.3 - 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Hydro 2.3 2.5 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 - 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0.5 0.7 - 


Not Specified 0 0 0 - - - - - 

Total 18.6 22.5 28.7 29.0 26.1 31.4 35.6 - 

2009-180-0004 131 




SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 13.7 22.3 24.9 26.2 26.3 24.4 21.4 28.0 


Gas Turbine Units - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Combined Cycle Units - - 0 0 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6 

Internal Combustion Units - - 1.5 2.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Hydro 33.5 30.7 37.9 32.6 36.4 37.2 42.2 43.2 

Non-fuel Renewables - - 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 1.3 


Not Specified 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 48.2 54.1 65.3 62.1 65.9 65.2 68.7 78.3 



NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Steam Thermal Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Gas Turbine Units - - - - - 1.7 1.7 1.7 

Combined Cycle Units 0 0 0 - - 2.9 8.8 13.8 

Internal Combustion Units 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Hydro 83.1 120.3 141.1 119.9 135.0 121.5 122.7 125.5 

Non-fuel Renewables 0 0 0 - - 3.0 5.0 7.9 

New Technologies (e.g. Fuel Cells) 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Not Specified 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.8 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Total 83.2 120.8 141.8 121.7 137.4 129.6 138.7 149.3 



TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,6 - 

Steam Thermal Units - - 44,6 40,7 48,1 66,0 160,3 - 

Gas Turbine Units - - 2,4 4,7 6,3 6,9 6,3 - 

Combined Cycle Units - - 45,6 82,8 96,1 106,8 166,7 - 

Internal Combustion Units - - 1,3 3,2 4,4 0 0 - 

Hydro 11,4 23,1 30,9 44,3 35,9 57,3 109,8 - 

Non-fuel Renewables - 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,6 5,0 8,5 - 


Not Specified 11,9 34,3 - 0,4 0,2 - - - 

Total 23,3 57,5 124,9 176,3 191,6 242,0 483,2 - 

2009-180-0004 132 


Table 3.3.2.1 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal - - - - - - - - 

Oil - - - - - - - - 

Natural Gas - - - - - - - - 

Renewables - - - - - - - - 


Total 3.4 6.1 14.5 - - 21.0 22.0 - 

CHP Multifuels are included in CHP Electricity Production 

Table 3.3.2.2 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 2.5 - - 2.5 2.5 - 

Coal - - 0 - - 0 0 - 

Oil - - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 - 

Natural Gas - - 4.2 - - 6.6 9.4 - 

Renewables - - 0 - - 0.3 0.4 - 


Total 1.5 - 6.8 - - 9.5 12.4 - 

Table 3.3.2.3 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.2 

Oil 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas 2.5 2.0 1.6 2.1 3.3 2.0 3.0 3.0 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 5.8 4.8 3.4 3.8 4.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 

Table 3.3.2.4 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Coal 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Oil 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Total 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 

Table 3.3.2.5 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 11.0 15.0 17.0 17.8 17.6 17.0 17.0 17.0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.0 3.0 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 11.0 15.0 17.0 17.8 17.6 19.0 20.0 20.0 

2009-180-0004 133 


Table 3.3.2.6 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal - - - 20.5 - - - - 

Oil - - - 2.8 - - - - 

Natural Gas - - - 50.0 - - - - 

Renewables - - - 5.5 - - - - 

Other Non-Renewables - - - 1.0 - - - - 

Total 38.0 60.0 64.5 79.8 - 98.3 143.2 - 

Table 3.3.2.7 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 - - 0 0 - 

Coal - - 11.7 - - 10.0 8.0 - 

Oil - - 4.0 - - 4.0 4.0 - 

Natural Gas - - 10.3 9.3 - 12.0 14.0 - 

Renewables - - 0 - - 0 0 - 


Total 11.6 14.2 26.0 - - 26.0 26.0 - 

Table 3.3.2.8 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0.4 0.4 0.2 - - - 

Coal - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Oil - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Natural Gas - - 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - 

Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Other Non-Renewables - - 0.5 1.3 0.9 - - - 

Total - - 1.2 1.9 1.3 - - - 

Table 3.3.2.9 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal 0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Oil 0 2.3 7.1 6.8 7.8 8.6 10.4 12.5 

Natural Gas 0.6 1.1 18.1 25.6 25.9 29.2 38.0 47.0 

Renewables - - - 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 0.6 3.7 25.8 32.6 33.9 38.2 48.8 60.0 

Table 3.3.2.10 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal - - 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.9 1.5 2.0 

Oil - - 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 

Natural Gas - - 8.0 10.5 9.6 11.7 17.9 15.5 

Renewables - - 8.8 8.5 8.4 9.4 11.6 12.3 

Other Non-Renewables - - 2.5 3.7 4.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 

Total 10.8 16.1 24.5 27.6 26.8 31.7 36.6 35.5 

2009-180-0004 134 


Table 3.3.2.11 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 - - - - - 

Coal - - 0.7 - - - - - 

Oil - - 0.7 - - - - - 

Natural Gas - - 8.6 - - - - - 

Renewables - - 2.9 - - - - - 

Other Non-Renewables - - 1.4 - - - - - 

Total - - 14.3 - - - - - 

Table 3.3.2.12 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 2.9 2.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.4 0 0 

Oil 4.1 3.9 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.2 1.3 19.0 22.2 22.1 31.3 48.5 60.7 

Renewables 0 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.5 3.6 6.7 

Other Non-Renewables 1.8 2.8 3.7 4.7 4.7 6.1 6.1 6.1 

Total 9.0 10.3 25.3 28.9 28.7 39.4 58.2 73.5 

Table 3.3.2.13 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 

Coal 0 0 0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 - 

Oil 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 - 

Natural Gas 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 - 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Total 0.6 0.8 0.8 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 - 

Table 3.3.2.14 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0,6 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0,8 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 1,0 7,2 7,2 8,1 6,5 5,7 

Renewables 0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,6 

Other Non-Renewables 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 

Total 2,3 2,0 2,5 7,5 7,9 8,5 7,0 6,5 

Table 3.3.2.15 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 - - 0 0 - 

Coal - - 0 - - 0 0 - 

Oil - - 0 - - 0 0 - 

Natural Gas - - 0.4 - - 2.0 2.3 - 

Renewables - - 0 - - 0 0 - 

Other Non-Renewables - - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 - 

Total - - 0.5 - - 2.1 2.4 - 

2009-180-0004 135 


Table 3.3.2.16 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal 0 0.2 0.5 - - 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Oil 14.3 7.7 14.7 - - 18.0 15.9 17.5 

Natural Gas 2.0 6.5 38.3 - - 80.4 95.7 145.4 

Renewables 0 0.2 1.7 - - 4.2 6.7 9.8 

Other Non-Renewables 3.4 1.2 2.7 - - 3.9 4.1 5.3 

Total 19.7 15.8 57.9 - - 106.9 122.8 178.4 

Table 3.3.2.17 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 1.1 2.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 


Total 1.3 3.0 1.4 1.7 1.6 3.1 3.6 3.6 

Table 3.3.2.18 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.4 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.4 

Table 3.3.2.19 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.8 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.7 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 0.7 


Total 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.3 3.2 

Table 3.3.2.20 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Coal - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Oil - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Natural Gas - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Renewables - - 0 0 0 - - - 


Total - - 0 0 0 - - - 

2009-180-0004 136 


Table 3.3.2.21 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal 4.8 6.5 8.4 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 

Oil 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Natural Gas 19.3 41.5 44.8 47.3 53.4 72.8 75.2 

Renewables 0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Other Non-Renewables 0 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Total 16.0 24.1 49.0 55.8 57.9 64.0 83.4 85.8 

Table 3.3.2.22 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 26.9 26.0 27.5 28.0 28.2 26.7 18.6 21.4 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 1.3 4.9 4.7 5.0 9.6 11.3 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Total 26.9 26.0 28.9 32.9 32.9 31.7 28.2 32.7 

Table 3.3.2.23 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1.2 1.6 3.7 1.9 1.9 1.2 0.7 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0.7 2.0 2.3 4.8 7.9 8.9 

Renewables 0 0 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 

Total 1.2 1.6 4.9 5.9 6.0 8.1 10.6 10.8 

Table 3.3.2.24 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - - - - - - - 

Coal 1.5 5.3 2.8 3.8 5.4 4.4 4.4 10.6 

Oil 1.7 4.7 1.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 

Natural Gas 6.8 9.5 5.1 5.6 5.3 4.1 7.1 7.6 

Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 


Total 10.0 19.5 9.7 10.1 11.6 9.0 11.9 18.8 

Table 3.3.2.25 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal 0.2 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0 0 

Oil 8.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 

Natural Gas 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 

Renewables 0.6 1.7 3.8 7.7 7.7 9.5 11.3 14.3 

Other Non-Renewables 0 0.6 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 

Total 9.1 4.8 8.5 12.0 12.1 13.7 15.4 18.4 

2009-180-0004 137 


Table 3.3.2.26 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Coal 0.2 0.3 0.4 - - 0.4 0.4 - 

Oil 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 


Total 0.2 0.3 0.4 - - 0.4 0.4 - 

Table 3.3.2.27 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 

Coal 1.8 1.9 1.8 - - 2.2 2.2 - 

Oil 0.5 0.6 0.5 - - 0.3 0.3 - 

Natural Gas 0.9 1.3 2.7 - - 6.4 7.6 - 

Renewables 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - 


Total 3.2 3.8 5.0 - - 8.9 10.1 - 

Table 3.3.2.28 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Coal - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas - - 0 0 1.6 2.4 3.2 3.6 

Renewables - - 0.2 0.3 1.6 1.2 1.9 3.5 

Other Non-Renewables - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total - - 0.2 0.3 3.2 3.6 5.1 7.1 

Table 3.3.2.29 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Coal 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 - - 1.7 1.7 1.7 

Renewables 0 0 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Other Non-Renewables 0.1 0.4 0.6 - - 0.4 0.4 0.4 

Total 0.1 0.4 0.7 - - 2.2 2.2 2.2 

Table 3.3.2.30 Electricity Generation in CHP (TWh) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Multifuels - - 2.1 3.1 2.4 - - - 

Coal - - 0.4 0.4 0.4 - - - 

Oil - - 0.9 0.9 1.5 - - - 

Natural Gas - - 1.6 3.3 4.5 - - - 

Renewables - - 0 - - - - - 


Total 0 0 5.0 7.7 8.8 - - - 

2009-180-0004 138 


3.4 Comments 

BULGARIA 

The total installed generating capacities in the country in 2007 are 11 005 MW. The share of the different 

type of electricity generating sources is as follows: 

TPPs 5995 MW or 54.5 %; 

NPP 2000 MW or 18.2 %; 

HPPs 2146 MW or 19.5 %; 

PSHPPs 864 MW or 7.8 %; 

Total 11005 MW or 100% 

However, the available capacity of the existing electricity generating units in 2007 is quite lower than their 

installed capacity and amounts at about 8564 MW, from which 4764 MW in TPPs, 2000 MW in the NPP, 1 

800 MW in HPPs and PSHPPs. 

The development of the Bulgarian power sector till 2010 is predetermined. The assumed new electricity 

generating sources are 780 MW – 600 MW TPP on lignite, 100 MW TPP on imported coal and 80 MW HPP. 

In the period 2011 – 2020 is assumed to build new nuclear capacity between 1000 and 2000 MW as a 

replaced capacity of the decommissioned old units in NPP Kozloduy. 

GERMANY 

General information 

Data for “Steam Turbine Units”, “Gas Turbine Units”, “Combined Cycle Units”, “Internal Combustion Units” 

and “Not specified Technology” in tables 3.1b and 3.3.1b are rough estimates. 

The total net capacity of autoproducers (industry) was 10.0 GW in 2008 and current prognosis indicate a 

slight increase until 2010. Additional demand will be covered by the public utilities and private suppliers. 

Since 2000 the capacity of the German railway is included in the public supply. 

The net production of industrial autoproducers in 2008 amounts to 45.7 TWh or 7.6% of the total net 

production whereof 25.7 TWh were delivered to the public grid. 

The feed-in of private suppliers – predominantly windpower followed by biomass – amounts to 65.0 TWh in 

2008 meaning a share of 10.8% of total net production. The quota for renewables in total added up to 

more than 15% in 2008. 

The industrial consumption in 2008 was covered for 92% from the public grid. In some energy-intensive 

industries such as the chemical industry, petroleum industry and mining, the manufacturing of paper or 

metal production the share of autoproduction is higher. Particularly in coal mining areas exists a closer 

relationship between public utilities and industrial autoproducers. 

Legal facts 

On 01.01.2009, incentive regulation for grid operators started in Germany. The regulation scheme contains 

a revenue-cap with two periods each lasting 5 years. Afterwards, a yardstick competition scheme shall be 

implemented. Efficiency for grid operators was measured with a dual benchmarking, whereof the better 

efficiency value is used. Smaller companies with less than 30.000 customers had the opportunity to choose 

a simplified treatment, which allows them not to be part of the benchmarking. In return, they accept a 

fixed rate of 87.5% for efficiency in the first period and the average efficiency as a result of the 

benchmarking for the second period. 

The Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG)) became effective in March 2000 

and the latest amendment came into effect on 01.01.2009. The increase of the share produced by 

2009-180-0004 139 


enewable energies is the declared aim of the EEG. Apart from changes in the guaranteed fees for each 

kWh produced, the main improvements of the last amendment concern the opportunities for a better 

integration of renewables into the market either by direct marketing or additional incentives for delivering 

electricity into the market instead of utilising the guaranteed fee. The German government targeted a 

quota for renewables in electricity consumption of 30% up to 2020. 

In June 2001 an agreement between the government and the utilities concerning the phasing out of nuclear 

energy was made. For each nuclear power station a certain amount for the remaining electricity production 

was fixed. Furthermore, the reprocessing of nuclear fuels will be forbidden and the removal of nuclear 

waste will be restricted to direct permanent waste disposal. In 2003, the nuclear power plant in Stade was 

decomissionend followed by the nuclear power plant in Obrigheim in May 2005. Due to current production 

data, the last nuclear power station might be shut down about 2022. With the end of 2007, 1,382 TWh or 

53% of the remaining nuclear electricity production was generated. 

CHP stations make substantial contributions to the reduction of CO2-Emissions because of their high 

degree of efficiency. In order to encourage this technology, the law for modernisation and extension of CHP 

generation (KWKG) guarantees an additional fee on each kWh produced. 

SPAIN 

Table 3.1.In Spain there is not central planning for the expansion of the generation equipment. Therefore, 

data of this table should be seen as a possible view of the future made on the basis of the present trends 

and the expert's judgment. 

Up to the year 2020, the new generation is based mainly on CCTG and wind plants. 

To define the future capacity needs, it has been considered the technical life of 60 years for nuclear plants, 

40 years for the coal plants and 35 years for rest of the thermal plants. It has been taking into account the 

constraints set up by National Plant for Emissions Reduction. Referring to new power technologies, it has 

been made the assumption that the Carbon Capture and Storage will be commercially available along the 

2020 decade. 

Table 3.1.3b. Auto producer’s data include CHP, Small Hydro and other renewables. 

LITHUANIA 

The electricity market in Lithuania is dominated by the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, with the output from 

one unit being sufficient to support almost all the domestic electricity demand. 

Throughout 2008 the power generation structure remained unchanged. About 71.2 % of total output was 

generated in the Ignalina NPP, 21.6 % in the thermal power plants. 

LUXEMBOURG 

As the national production covers only about 14 % of the consumption in the public grid, the major part of 

electricity is imported from Germany for the public grid and from Belgium for the industrial grid of SOTEL. 

There is no active interconnection between the two grids. 

To diminish the import, small and medium CHP plants where built in the last years. 

A larger power production plant is exporting the produced energy to Belgium and than partially reimported 

to the grids in Luxembourg. 

2009-180-0004 140 


A larger pump storage plant in Luxembourg is connected to the grid of RWE by dedicated lines and 

operated by it. 

LATVIA 

In Latvia, domestic generation capacities cover 50% - 70% of the country’s total electricity demand. 

Hydroelectric power plants provide 30% - 60% of this country’s total electricity demand. Electricity import 

provides 30% - 50% of the national consumption. Total maximum capacity of wind power plants in 2007 

was 28 MW and the capacity of electricity production from landfill gas reached 9 MW. 

The existing CHP plants operate only in the heat production regime. Electricity generated in the 

condensation mode is more expensive than the electricity imported from neighbouring Estonia, Lithuania 

and Russia. 

The installed electrical capacity of Riga CHP-1 is 144 MW. The reconstructed Riga CHP-2 was commissioned 

on the next year after 2007. Reconstruction of CHP-2 means maintaining the capacities of heat and 

considerably increasing the capacities of generated electricity. It will make possible substantial decrease of 

CO2 emissions per produced energy unit. 

As prognoses show electricity deficit in the Baltic market in the coming years, the possibilities of building a 

new power plant are considered now. 

MALTA 

See comments in section 2. 

POLAND 

Result of Polish negotiations connected with accession to EU in Energy Area gave some derogation for our 

generation units for preparation to the new emission standards (The EU Environmental Directive 

2001/80/EC). 

The approaching to the new emission norm will be realised in two time steps: 

After the year 2008 - Till this year it was decided that some of the earlier existing units (most in CHP’s) 

would be equipped with installation for emission reduction; 

After the 2015 year it’s expected the decrease of capacity and energy production based on hard and brown 

coal, and increase of technologies based on natural gas (most in CHP’s and distributed generation) or 

renewable technologies. 

From the other hand an improving of electric energy efficiency, increasing its productivity, and reducing 

energy consumption in all sectors of the economy is still actual and very important target for national 

economy. 

Forecast data for year 2010 and 2020 were taken from PSE Operator S.A. Development Program for 

Domestic Transmission System – “Balanced scenario” accepted by Polish Regulatory Office (URE) in 

December 2006. 

The structure of capacity, production fuel use and emission for year 2030 are expert estimation, based on 

trends and preliminary information, got from generation subsector. 

2009-180-0004 141 


It is expected that some of new capacity coal fired units will be equipped with CCS installation, and the 

final emission for year 2020-2030 will be significant lower then presented in the table. 

PORTUGAL 

In the coming years there are no expected major problems in meeting the forecasted demand, although in 

a system like the Portuguese, with a significant hydro component, the normal operation of the system in 

the occurrence of dry hydrological years may become more difficult. 

The strong hydrological variability of the hydro generation, together with the importance of the hydraulic 

capacity in the hydro-thermal Portuguese power system, results in a strong variability of the thermal 

production, the fuel consumption and the atmospheric emissions with the hydrological conditions. The 

ratios of the hydroelectric generation between dry/average/wet hydro conditions are approximately 

0.5/1.0/1.5. 

Concerning the hydro conditions, 2007 was a dry year. The hydro power generation had a decrease of 9% 

over the previous year (average year). Electricity output from generation units operating under special 

regime conditions pursued its increasing trend, mainly due to the commissioning of 482 MW in new wind 

farms that raised the total wind installed capacity in the whole country to 2 135 MW. 

In the Mainland Portugal and also in 2007, the Conventional Regime Generation (PRO) represented 76% of 

the domestic generation. The Special Regime Generation (PRE) represented 24% against 20% in 2006. 

TURKEY 

The long term generation expansion planning studies have been carrying out by means of the International 

Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) computer models in Turkey. The purpose of these studies are to obtain the 

most cost effective and environmentally sound solutions which meets the demand for electrical energy at 

the lowest cost with some constraints and certain limitations on system reliability. According to present 

study, the capacity will increase to 96 GW in 2020. This corresponds to a total addition of 59 GW to the 

generation system over all the planning period (2005-2020). 

2009-180-0004 142 


4.1 Capacity 

IV. BALANCES 

Table 4.1.1 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 12,600 16,200 18,227 18,914 18,914 - 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 3,200 4,100 3,000 2,900 2,900 3,000 3,000 - 

Connected Peak Demand 5,700 7,400 8,800 9,222 9,480 9,700 11,200 - 

Reserve Capacity 1,400 1,800 800 700 700 800 850 - 

Country Balance 2,300 2,900 5,371 6,092 6,049 - 

Net Transfer Capacity 1,500 2,000 4,000 5,300 5,500 - 

Table 4.1.2 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - 14,887 15,472 - - 17,557 19,560 - 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - 2,017 - - 2,017 2,017 - 

Connected Peak Demand - 10,400 12,653 - - 15,311 17,261 - 

Reserve Capacity - - 1,200 - - 1,200 1,200 - 

Country Balance - - -398 - - -971 -918 - 

Net Transfer Capacity - - 2,200 - - 4,300 4,700 - 

Table 4.13 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 7,830 10,155 10,384 9,675 8,895 10,176 14,270 17,390 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - - - - - - - 

Connected Peak Demand 6,900 8,100 7,100 6,930 7,030 7,890 10,500 13,340 

Reserve Capacity 1,384 2,028 1,767 1,386 1,406 1,580 2,100 2,670 

Country Balance -454 27 1,517 1,359 459 706 1,670 1,380 

Net Transfer Capacity 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,050 3,850 3,850 3,850 

Table 4.1.4 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 264 462 988 988 1,118 1,338 2,198 2,678 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 

Connected Peak Demand 200 372 688 904 1,041 1,191 1,650 2,150 

Reserve Capacity 40 72 138 132 224 268 440 536 

Country Balance 26 30 162 84 -147 -80 108 -8 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Table 4.1.5 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - 13,800 14,200 17,463 17,513 16,400 16,500 17,000 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity - 2,100 2,100 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,500 

Connected Peak Demand - 9,000 9,000 11,397 11,400 11,200 12,000 12,500 

Reserve Capacity - 1,800 2,000 1,500 1,700 1,500 1,500 2,000 

Country Balance - 900 1,100 2,566 2,713 1,700 1,000 1,000 

Net Transfer Capacity - 2,500 2,500 2,800 2,800 3,000 3,000 3,000 

2009-180-0004 143 


Table 4.1.6 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 78,600 93,800 106,500 124,300 129,200 131,100 167,000 - 



Reserve Capacity 17,600 21,300 13,000 14,300 15,100 13,000 14,500 - 

Country Balance 1,900 1,200 6,300 8,400 10,800 8,400 16,400 - 

Net Transfer Capacity - - - - - - - - 

Foreseeable not available Capacity: 1980-2007: Retrospect (actual not available capacity); 

2000-2020: Revision of power plants and outages are not included. 

Reserve Capacity: Only System Services Reserve (Frequency and voltage control, black-start capacity) 

Table 4.1.7 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 6,619 8,109 11,225 12,640 - 13,100 14,000 14,500 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 300 500 2,900 3,600 - 4,200 5,500 7,000 

Connected Peak Demand 4,700 5,900 6,200 6,400 - 6,800 6,900 8,000 

Reserve Capacity 900 1,200 1,200 1,400 - 1,400 1,400 1,900 

Country Balance 719 509 925 1,240 - 700 200 -2,400 

Net Transfer Capacity - 3,000 4,500 5,000 - 5,000 5,000 5,000 

Table 4.1.8 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - - 2,441 1,001 2,879 2,630 3,350 - 


Connected Peak Demand - - 1,262 1,478 1,487 1,590 2,287 - 

Reserve Capacity - - - - - - - - 

Country Balance - - 1,179 -477 1,392 1,040 1,063 - 


Table 4.1.9 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 5,402 6,616 9,355 18,307 20,863 24,895 40,462 51,945 



Country Balance 1,368 5,288 2,783 9,757 10,421 14,241 6,927 3,921 

Net Transfer Capacity - 1,200 2,080 2,800 2,800 4,240 5,680 5,680 

Table 4.1.0 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 1,032 850 2,537 2,024 2,297 - - - 


Reserve Capacity 924 1,463 1,047 1,443 - - - - 

Country Balance 2,466 407 274 -1,680 -1,780 - - - 

Net Transfer Capacity - 2,510 3,100 4,240 4,240 4,240 5,040 - 

2009-180-0004 144 


Table 4.1.11 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 62,711 103,410 115,338 116,066 - 117,100 135,400 - 


Connected Peak Demand 44,100 63,400 72,400 85,600 - 83,500 90,900 96,600 

Reserve Capacity - - - - - - - - 

Country Balance - - - - - - - - 


Table 4.1.12 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 300 1,368 1,734 3,755 14,297 24,070 



Country Balance 6,300 4,700 1,600 3,021 817 6,180 4,878 755 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 2,000 2,000 2,300 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 

Table 4.1.13 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 150 556 683 1,050 3,300 - 


Reserve Capacity 890 1,230 1,454 1,794 1,810 2,047 3,012 - 

Country Balance 70 1,120 -443 -354 -1,036 5 1,006 - 


Table 4.1.14 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 7 855 8 171 8 413 8 825 10 413 12 035 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 360 700 1 000 1 250 1 350 1 500 

Connected Peak Demand 5 107 6 534 5 742 6 432 6 180 6 140 7 390 8 654 

Reserve Capacity 800 1 000 600 600 810 800 950 1 000 

Country Balance 100 800 1 153 439 1 423 635 723 881 

Net Transfer Capacity 340 800 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 

Table 4.1.15 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 2,400 3,800 4,700 - - 7,500 8,900 - 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 100 100 100 - - 100 100 - 

Connected Peak Demand 1,800 2,500 3,800 - - 5,600 7,000 8,500 

Reserve Capacity 600 800 950 - - 1,800 1,750 - 

Country Balance 100 400 -150 - - 0 50 - 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 300 - - 600 600 - 

Table 4.1.16 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 46,824 56,548 75,504 - - 98,929 110,720 130,716 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 6,300 7,900 11,009 - - 18,850 18,081 22,507 


Reserve Capacity 7,200 9,900 11,095 - - 14,967 16,737 17,300 

Country Balance 1,924 -1,752 4,381 - - 3,958 0 0 

Net Transfer Capacity 4,000 5,000 5,700 - - 10,000 13,000 15,500 

2009-180-0004 145 


Table 4.1.17 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 10 10 50 110 175 800 980 800 



Country Balance -233 1,514 3,606 1,843 2,001 -24 1,562 2,218 


Table 4.1.18 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 

Connected Peak Demand 500 600 900 1,035 1,061 1,100 1,300 1,500 


Country Balance 514 409 99 449 426 413 446 283 

Net Transfer Capacity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Table 4.1.19 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 750 750 752 1,309 1,350 1,300 1,000 1,000 



Country Balance -521 -696 115 -581 -571 -291 33 97 

Net Transfer Capacity 600 700 630 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,000 

Table 4.1.20 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Connected Peak Demand - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Reserve Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Country Balance - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Net Transfer Capacity - - 0 0 0 - - - 

Table 4.1.21 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 





Country Balance -532 -1,751 289 -317 0 4,405 17,971 14,345 


Table 4.1.22 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity 22 527 27 980 30 553 32 308 32 308 34 686 38 341 41 615 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity 0 0 21 165 276 1 199 1 690 1 947 


Reserve Capacity 3 827 5 047 4 920 5 243 5 033 5 406 5 854 5 405 

Country Balance 3 225 5 979 5 114 4 083 4 125 3 013 1 529 484 

Net Transfer Capacity - - - 1 020 820 200 2 200 2 200 

2009-180-0004 146 


Table 4.1.23 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 246 510 249 1 889 3 096 4 860 10 287 11 437 


Reserve Capacity 774 1 017 2 203 3 070 3 098 3 233 4 638 4 996 

Country Balance -50 300 320 -641 -824 -62 1 874 -1 357 

Net Transfer Capacity 550 550 725 1 000 1 200 1 280 2 560 2 800 

Table 4.1.24 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 





Country Balance -530 -550 1,895 2,535 2,300 2,366 2,266 787 

Net Transfer Capacity 1,800 2,600 950 800 3,500 1,400 1,950 2,200 

Table 4.1.25 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 2 600 2 603 2 781 3 030 3 190 3 800 7 100 9 350 


Reserve Capacity 1 000 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 

Country Balance 5 774 6 569 913 3 289 3 475 6 750 6 350 4 350 

Net Transfer Capacity 2 905 4 975 8 455 8 520 8 570 8 700 11 500 11 500 

Table 4.1.26 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 150 200 250 - - 250 250 - 

Connected Peak Demand 1,400 1,700 1,700 - - 2,241 2,476 - 

Reserve Capacity 294 320 670 - - 335 335 - 

Country Balance -510 242 121 - - 247 -88 - 

Net Transfer Capacity 700 800 800 - - 800 800 - 

Table 4.1.27 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Foreseeable not Available Capacity 800 1,400 1,900 - - 1,900 1,950 - 


Reserve Capacity 600 900 1,100 - - 1,250 1,350 - 

Country Balance -595 -440 691 - - -105 -590 - 

Net Transfer Capacity 1,400 1,800 3,000 - - 3,000 3,600 - 

Table 4.1.28 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 




Reserve Capacity 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 900 900 900 - 

Country Balance 2,607 1,841 2,933 1,743 2,247 3,250 4,065 - 

Net Transfer Capacity - - 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 - 

2009-180-0004 147 


Table 4.1.29 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 




Reserve Capacity 800 1,000 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 

Country Balance 2,121 4,806 2,231 2,887 4,125 1,965 1,569 3,200 

Net Transfer Capacity - - 3,650 3,650 3,650 5,400 6,200 6,800 

Table 4.1.30 Capacity Balances only for Interconnected Part (MW) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Total Internal Net Generating Capacity - - 26,173 38,951 39,084 48,816 96,349 - 

Foreseeable not Available Capacity - - 3,809 7,079 7,958 - - - 


Reserve Capacity - - 1,657 238 207 10,031 16,999 - 

Country Balance - - 1,183 4,040 1,670 - - - 

Net Transfer Capacity - - 638 - - - - - 

2009-180-0004 148 


4.2 Electricity balances 

Table 4.2.1 Electricity Balances (TWh) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 40.7 48.8 60.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 71.9 

Pumping -0.5 -1.4 -2.0 -3.3 -3.0 -4.0 -4.9 

Imports 3.2 6.8 13.8 21.3 22.1 18.4 29.6 

Exports 7.1 7.3 15.1 14.4 15.5 14.0 13.1 

Trade Balance -3.9 -0.5 -1.3 6.9 6.6 4.4 16.5 

Demand (Including losses) 92.2 

Table 4.2.2 Electricity Balances (TWh) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 51.0 67.2 80.2 81.9 85.1 87.8 89.1 112 

Pumping -1.6 -1.7 -1.7 -1.4 -1.4 

Imports 4.8 11.6 18.9 15.8 

Exports 8.5 7.3 8.7 9.0 

Trade Balance -2.6 -3.7 4.3 10.2 6.8 10.2 21.2 

Demand (Including losses) 47.7 61.5 81.2 86.9 87.0 96.6 108.9 106 

Table 4.2.3 Electricity Balances (TWh) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 31.2 37.5 36.8 41.6 39.5 44.7 66.5 88.7 

Pumping -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 

Imports 4.7 5.4 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 

Exports 0.9 1.6 5.6 7.8 4.5 7.7 13.0 20.5 

Trade Balance 3.8 3.8 -4.6 -7.8 -4.5 -7.7 -13.0 -20.5 

Demand (Including losses) 34.9 41.2 31.7 33.3 34.4 36.2 52.7 67.4 

Table 4.2.4 Electricity Balances (TWh) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Exports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Trade Balance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 


Table 4.2.5 Electricity Balances (TWh) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 

Imports 0 0 2.4 11.5 10.2 10.0 10.5 12.0 

Exports 1.5 0.7 12.4 24.1 26.4 15.5 12.5 16.0 

Trade Balance -1.5 -0.7 -10.0 -12.6 -16.2 -5.5 -2.0 -4.0 


2009-180-0004 149 


Table 4.2.6 Electricity Balances (TWh) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -2.0 -2.0 -6.0 -9.0 -9.1 

Imports 16.2 25.1 45.1 46.1 44.3 

Exports 10.2 26.0 42.1 66.0 63.4 

Trade Balance 6.0 -0.9 3.0 -19.8 -19.1 


Table 4.2.7 Electricity Balances (TWh) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 2.0 12.0 8.3 6.9 10.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 

Exports 1.6 4.9 7.7 13.8 11.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 

Trade Balance 0.4 7.1 0.6 -6.9 -1.0 0 0 0 


Table 4.2.8 Electricity Balances (TWh) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 17.2 15.4 7.6 8.7 11.0 

Pumping 0 0 0 

Imports 0.4 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 

Exports 11.1 8.5 1.3 1.0 2.8 

Trade Balance -10.7 -7.0 -0.9 -0.7 -2.5 

Demand (Including losses) 6.5 8.4 6.7 8.0 8.5 8.3 11.9 

Table 4.2.9 Electricity Balances (TWh) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.8 -0.9 -4.9 -5.3 -4.3 -6.3 -7.7 -8.2 

Imports 2.3 3.2 12.3 9.1 8.8 12.6 16.1 24.2 

Exports 3.7 3.5 7.8 12.4 14.5 17.4 21.3 19.2 

Trade Balance -1.4 -0.3 4.4 -3.3 -5.7 -4.8 -5.2 5.0 


Table 4.1.0 Electricity Balances (TWh) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 2.4 11.1 12.2 14.1 15.4 

Exports 1.2 0.4 0.3 2.7 2.9 

Trade Balance 1.2 10.7 11.9 11.4 12.6 7.1 -9.8 -11.9 


Table 4.2.11 Electricity Balances (TWh) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.0 -4.9 -6.6 -7.5 -7.7 -7.3 -7.4 

Imports 6.7 3.7 

Exports 52.1 73.2 

Trade Balance 2.5 -45.6 -69.5 -63.2 -65.5 -80.5 


2009-180-0004 150 


Table 4.2.12 Electricity Balances (TWh) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.5 -2.6 -3.5 -4.9 -5.1 -5.8 -5.8 -5.8 

Imports 0 11.9 14.3 10.3 8.3 0 0 0 

Exports 0 0 0.1 2.8 3.1 0 0 0 

Trade Balance 0 11.9 14.2 7.5 5.2 0 0 0 


Table 4.2.13 Electricity Balances (TWh) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -1.1 -0.9 -0.1 

Imports 0.7 1.3 1.7 6.1 6.4 5.1 5.1 

Exports 0.1 0.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.1 

Trade Balance 0.6 0.7 0 4.2 4.4 3.5 3.0 


Table 4.2.14 Electricity Balances (TWh) HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 

Imports 10.2 13.3 6.2 15.4 14.7 12.0 11.5 8.5 

Exports 2.8 2.2 2.8 8.2 10.7 8.2 8.0 6.3 

Trade Balance 7.4 11.1 3.4 7.2 4.0 3.8 3.5 2.2 


Table 4.2.15 Electricity Balances (TWh) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 

Imports 0 0.2 1.8 

Exports 0 0.1 -0.1 

Trade Balance 0 0.1 


Table 4.2.16 Electricity Balances (TWh) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -3.2 -4.8 -9.1 -8.7 -7.7 -10.0 -11.5 -13.0 

Imports 8.1 35.6 44.8 46.6 48.9 60.1 71.9 44.1 

Exports 2.0 0.9 0.5 1.6 2.6 3.0 3.2 30.0 

Trade Balance 6.1 34.7 44.3 45.0 46.3 57.1 68.7 14.1 


Table 4.2.17 Electricity Balances (TWh) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 

Imports 0 0 0.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 0 0 

Exports 0.1 12.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 10.1 15.3 

Trade Balance -0.1 -12.0 -1.3 -0.5 -1.3 1.0 -10.1 -15.3 


2009-180-0004 151 


Table 4.2.18 Electricity Balances (TWh) LUXEMBURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 

Imports 3.0 4.7 6.4 6.8 6.8 7.4 7.7 8.1 

Exports 0.2 0.8 0.7 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 

Trade Balance 2.8 3.9 5.7 3.5 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.7 


Table 4.2.19 Electricity Balances (TWh) LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 5.4 6.5 4.6 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.6 

Exports 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 

Trade Balance 3.4 3.5 1.6 2.4 3.0 2.4 2.0 2.9 


Table 4.2.20 Electricity Balances (TWh) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Electricity Production 1.9 2.3 2.3 

Pumping 0 0 0 

Imports 0 0 0 

Exports 0 0 0 

Trade Balance 0 0 0 

Demand (Including losses) 1.9 2.3 2.3 

Table 4.2.21 Electricity Balances (TWh) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 0 9.9 22.9 27.3 23.1 20.0 15.0 15.0 

Exports 0 0.4 4.0 5.9 5.5 12.0 15.0 15.0 

Trade Balance 0 9.5 18.9 21.4 17.6 8.0 0 0 


Table 4.2.22 Electricity Balances (TWh) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.2 -2.6 -2.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 

Imports 4.2 10.4 3.3 4.8 7.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 

Exports 4.4 11.5 9.7 15.8 13.1 14.0 14.0 14.0 

Trade Balance -0.2 -1.1 -6.4 -11.0 -5.3 -9.0 -9.0 -9.0 


Table 4.2.23 Electricity Balances (TWh) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0 -0.3 -0.6 

Imports 0.2 4.7 8.6 9.6 1.6 0.2 0 

Exports 0.1 3.8 3.2 2.2 2.1 4.4 0.4 

Trade Balance 1.8 0 0.9 5.4 7.5 -0.6 -4.2 -0.4 


2009-180-0004 152 


Table 4.2.24 Electricity Balances (TWh) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -0.8 

Imports 0.5 9.5 0.8 1.6 4.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 

Exports 0.1 0 1.5 5.9 6.1 3.5 5.5 4.5 

Trade Balance 0.4 9.5 -0.7 -4.2 -2.1 -2.5 -4.0 -3.0 


Table 4.2.25 Electricity Balances (TWh) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 3.4 12.9 18.3 17.5 16.1 

Exports 2.8 14.7 13.6 11.5 14.7 

Trade Balance 0.5 -1.8 4.7 6.1 1.3 -18.2 -30.3 -18.5 


Table 4.2.26 Electricity Balances (TWh) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 0.9 0.6 0.5 7.7 0.7 0.9 

Exports 0.3 1.2 2.4 7.5 0.6 0.4 

Trade Balance 0.6 -0.6 -1.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 


Table 4.2.27 Electricity Balances (TWh) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 

Imports 6.0 6.3 5.8 0 0 0 

Exports 0.8 9.0 7.4 0 0 0 

Trade Balance 3.4 5.2 -2.7 0 0 0 


Table 4.2.28 Electricity Balances (TWh) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -1.5 -1.7 -2.0 -2.7 -2.1 -2.1 -2.3 -2.4 

Imports 9.9 22.8 39.9 48.8 48.6 49.6 52.9 56.5 

Exports 18.1 24.9 47.0 46.1 50.6 51.6 55.1 58.8 

Trade Balance -8.2 -2.1 -7.1 2.7 -2.0 -2.0 -2.2 -2.3 


Table 4.2.29 Electricity Balances (TWh) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 -1.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1.8 

Imports 1.8 0.3 1.5 9.8 5.2 4.3 4.8 5.1 

Exports 2.3 16.2 20.5 8.9 15.3 0 0 0 

Trade Balance -0.5 -15.9 -19.1 -0.9 10.1 4.3 4.8 5.1 


2009-180-0004 153 


Table 4.2.30 Electricity Balances (TWh) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 

Imports 1.3 0.2 3.8 0.6 0.9 16.3 

Exports 0 0.9 0.4 2.2 2.4 

Trade Balance 1.3 -0.7 3.4 -1.6 -1.5 16.3 


Table 4.2.31 Electricity Balances (TWh) EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -12.8 -22.5 -41.2 -47.2 -44.4 -40.8 -45.2 -32.1 

Imports 67.6 199.4 246.0 294.5 279.1 167.4 187.0 131.0 

Exports 52.1 161.7 227.2 229.9 217.9 108.2 131.0 152.3 

Trade Balance 20.5 37.4 18.7 1.4 61.7 -7.2 -43.4 -51.7 


Table 4.2.32 Electricity Balances (TWh) EU-30 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


Pumping -14.8 -24.5 -44.1 -50.4 -48.1 -43.7 -48.3 -36.3 

Imports 80.6 222.7 291.2 353.7 333.8 221.3 261.0 192.6 

Exports 72.5 203.7 295.1 287.1 286.2 159.8 186.1 211.1 

Trade Balance 13.1 18.7 -4.1 1.6 68.3 -4.9 -24.5 -48.9 


2009-180-0004 154 


4.3 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) 

Table 4.3.1 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 23.7 25.1 29.2 35.0 33.9 34.3 36.1 - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2 - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 21.4 22.9 26.6 31.9 31.0 31.4 33.0 - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 5.5 6.8 7.7 8.8 8.7 8.8 9.2 - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - - - - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - - - - - - - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4.7 4.6 4.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.5 - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 16.8 18.3 22.6 26.7 25.9 26.2 27.5 - 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 - 

6.b Industry 5.4 5.2 6.1 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.0 - 

6.c Transport 4.0 5.0 7.1 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.6 - 

6.d Services 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 - 

6.e Households 5.0 5.8 6.5 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 - 

Primary Electricity forecast data correspond to average producibility values of hydropower stations- 

Households= Households +Agriculture + Services+Trade 

Table 4.3.2 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 49.3 51.6 59.0 - - 63.3 - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 6.3 7.2 5.7 - - 5.4 - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 43.0 44.4 53.3 - - 57.9 - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 11.4 14.9 13.2 - - 13.7 - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 2.3 8.7 - - - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 9.1 6.2 - - - - - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 11.2 13.9 15.6 - - 17.2 - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 31.8 30.5 37.7 - - 40.7 - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.5 0.5 1.1 - - 1.3 - - 

6.b Industry 12.8 11.3 13.9 - - 14.9 - - 

6.c Transport 5.9 7.7 9.6 - - 10.8 - - 

6.d Services 3.0 2.9 3.9 - - 4.5 - - 

6.e Households 9.6 8.1 9.2 - - 9.2 - - 

2009-180-0004 155 


Table 4.3.3 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 20.7 28.5 16.0 17.2 - 19.3 22.9 24.7 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.0 - 1.3 1.4 1.5 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 19.5 26.7 15.1 16.2 14.3 18.0 21.5 23.2 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 11.8 6.7 6.0 7.3 9.2 8.2 9.7 10.4 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.1 - 1.5 2.8 3.3 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 11.0 5.4 4.3 5.2 - 6.7 5.8 4.7 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 5.2 6.7 4.6 6.4 - 7.5 8.9 9.1 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.3 20.0 10.5 9.8 - 10.5 12.6 14.1 

of which 6.a Agriculture - 1.2 0.4 0.3 - 0.5 0.5 0.6 

6.b Industry - 11.8 4.8 3.6 - 3.5 3.8 3.9 

6.c Transport - 1.7 2.5 2.3 - 3.3 4.1 4.2 

6.d Services - 1.9 0.3 1.0 - 0.9 1.2 1.4 

6.e Households - 3.5 2.5 2.6 - 2.3 3.0 4.0 

Table 4.3.4 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - 1.6 2.4 - - 3.7 - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - 0.1 0.3 - - 0.5 - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - 1.5 2.1 - - 3.2 - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - 0.6 1.0 - - 1.2 - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - 0 0 - - 0 - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - 0.6 1.0 - - 1.3 - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - 0.4 0.4 - - 1.2 - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - 1.1 1.7 - - 2.4 - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture - 0 0 - - 0 - - 

6.b Industry - 0.2 0.3 - - 0.4 - - 

6.c Transport - 0.5 0.8 - - 0.8 - - 

6.d Services - 0.2 0.3 - - 0.7 - - 

6.e Households - 0.2 0.3 - - 0.5 - - 

Table 4.3.5 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 50.5 49.7 40.2 45.3 46.0 43.6 44.5 45.0 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 



of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.5 3.1 3.5 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.8 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 13.3 12.1 13.5 13.5 13.9 10.8 11.2 11.7 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 18.6 18.4 15.3 16.6 16.9 14.7 15.0 15.2 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 31.9 31.3 24.4 28.2 28.5 28.4 29.0 29.3 

of which 6.a Agriculture 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 

6.b Industry 16.6 15.4 11.6 12.2 12.5 13.1 13.1 13.0 

6.c Transport 1.5 1.4 3.6 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.3 

6.d Services 5.0 4.7 2.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.3 

6.e Households 7.0 7.9 5.6 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.1 6.3 

2009-180-0004 156 


Table 4.3.6 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 274,5 350,0 345,6 354,1 332,3 316,0 281,0 252,0 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 19,2 22,5 27,9 27,6 27,0 26,5 26,0 25,0 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 255,3 327,5 317,7 326,5 305,3 289,5 255,0 227,0 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 89,2 138,7 128,0 134,0 131,8 132,0 128,0 121,0 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 19,7 40,8 47,9 49,2 42,3 48,0 37,0 35,0 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 69,5 97,9 80,1 84,8 89,5 84,0 91,0 86,0 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 74,6 104,9 96,1 106,9 88,3 75,5 50,0 28,0 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 180,7 222,6 221,6 219,6 217,0 214,0 205,0 199,0 

of which 6.a Agriculture 3,0 3,2 2,7 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 

6.b Industry 61,9 69,9 58,1 59,3 58,0 55,0 53,0 51,0 

6.c Transport 40,0 55,8 66,0 62,8 62,0 62,0 58,0 57,0 

6.d Services 27,4 37,9 32,8 32,1 31,5 31,0 30,0 29,0 

6.e Households 48,4 55,8 62,0 62,4 62,5 63,0 61,0 59,0 

Table 4.3.7 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 20.7 - 20.9 20.6 21.0 21.0 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - - 0.4 0.3 - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - - 20.5 20.3 - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 2.9 - 2.8 3.2 - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 0.5 - - 1.4 - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - - 2.4 - - 1.8 - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 6.0 - - 6.0 - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.8 13.7 14.5 - 16.0 14.3 - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture - - 1.1 - 0.8 1.1 - - 

6.b Industry - - 2.8 - 3.8 2.7 - - 

6.c Transport - - 4.3 - 5.4 4.4 - - 

6.d Services - - 2.0 - 2.0 1.9 - - 

6.e Households - - 4.3 - 4.5 4.2 - - 

Table 4.3.8 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 4.6 5.0 5.5 - - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 1.5 2.3 2.5 - - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 3.2 2.7 3.0 - - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 2.1 2.1 2.6 - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - - - - - - - 


5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 0.9 0.4 0.4 - - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - - 2.3 1.5 1.8 - - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - 

6.b Industry - - 0.5 0.2 0.3 - - - 

6.c Transport - - 0.2 0.6 0.6 - - - 

6.d Services - - 0.3 0.1 0.1 - - - 

6.e Households - - 1.2 0.6 0.7 - - - 

2009-180-0004 157 


Table 4.3.9 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 3.5 6.5 10.0 15.9 16.2 17.3 19.0 21.9 








6.b Industry 22.6 22.4 30.3 29.7 31.1 33.8 39.4 44.1 

6.c Transport 16.2 22.8 33.6 40.8 40.7 44.9 54.8 64.1 

6.d Services 2.2 3.4 6.7 8.2 8.8 9.6 11.5 13.2 

6.e Households 5.2 7.2 12.0 14.8 15.5 17.0 20.7 24.2 

Table 4.3.10 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 23,1 27,8 33,4 36,4 36,9 37,0 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,8 1,7 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 22,2 26,7 32,2 34,5 35,2 


of which 4.a Primary Electricity 2,6 5,6 6,9 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 4,1 3,4 4,4 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4,4 5,5 7,4 8,5 8,5 


of which 6.a Agriculture 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,6 

6.b Industry 8,2 9,6 12,5 12,6 13,2 

6.c Transport 2,8 4,0 4,3 4,9 5,1 

6.d Services 1,6 2,4 2,7 2,7 2,7 

6.e Households 4,3 4,3 4,5 5,0 5,1 

Table 4.3.11 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 



3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 178.2 217.4 251.3 259.9 - 282.0 303.6 320.3 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 69.5 93.8 118.5 134.4 - - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 40.2 83.8 107.2 122.8 - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 29.3 10.0 11.3 11.6 - - - - 



of which 6.a Agriculture 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 - 3.1 3.1 3.1 

6.b Industry 44.9 38.5 38.7 37.4 - 44.1 48.7 52.7 

6.c Transport 32.1 41.7 49.4 50.9 - 56.3 62.2 68.3 

6.d Services 24.0 26.4 29.7 22.6 - 22.5 24.7 27.4 

6.e Households 29.9 32.9 37.0 48.0 - 51.9 56.1 57.5 

2009-180-0004 158 


Table 4.3.12 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 




4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 68.4 78.2 84.6 90.5 90.5 - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 9.2 18.6 23.7 21.2 - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 59.2 59.6 61.1 69.3 - - - - 




6.b Industry 48.3 38.7 35.3 32.6 - 32.5 35.0 35.0 

6.c Transport 35.6 48.6 55.5 59.8 - 62.0 65.0 66.0 

6.d Services 17.3 17.9 20.3 19.0 - 21.0 23.0 24.0 

6.e Households 39.8 40.8 46.9 45.5 - 49.5 52.0 52.0 

Table 4.3.13 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 16.5 24.7 31.4 34.6 41.7 - - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1.2 3.1 4.2 4.0 4.5 - - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 15.3 21.6 27.3 30.6 37.2 - - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 5.1 8.9 11.9 11.8 12.0 - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 5.1 8.9 11.9 11.8 12.0 - - - 


5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4.6 7.3 8.9 8.1 8.0 - - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 10.7 14.3 18.4 22.5 29.2 - - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 - - - 

6.b Industry 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.2 5.4 - - - 

6.c Transport 4.0 5.8 7.3 8.6 8.8 - - - 

6.d Services 2.0 3.1 4.5 3.1 8.6 - - - 

6.e Households 0.3 0.7 1.3 5.4 5.3 - - - 

Table 4.3.14 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1,5 2,3 2,1 2,0 2,0 2,0 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 23,1 25,3 25,0 25,5 28,3 29,7 




5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 7,2 7,5 7,6 7,8 8,2 7,4 



6.b Industry 9,2 7,1 3,7 3,3 3,4 3,3 3,7 4,0 

6.c Transport 3,0 3,0 3,0 4,7 4,7 4,7 5,3 5,9 

6.d Services 2,9 2,8 3,4 3,2 3,0 3,2 3,8 4,4 

6.e Households 5,3 7,0 5,2 6,1 5,9 6,0 6,8 7,5 

2009-180-0004 159 


Table 4.3.15 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 8.1 9.5 14.0 - - 17.6 20.0 - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.3 0.4 0.4 - - 0.4 0.4 - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 7.8 9.1 13.6 - - 17.2 19.6 - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 2.4 3.1 5.0 - - 5.7 6.8 - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - 0.4 0.5 - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 2.3 3.0 4.9 - - 5.3 6.3 - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 1.6 1.9 3.0 - - 3.0 3.1 - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 6.2 7.2 10.6 - - 14.2 16.5 - 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.1 0.2 0.3 - - 0.3 0.3 - 

6.b Industry 1.9 1.7 2.3 - - 2.6 3.1 - 

6.c Transport 1.7 2.0 3.9 - - 5.5 6.5 - 

6.d Services 0.6 1.0 1.6 - - 2.5 2.9 - 

6.e Households 1.8 2.2 2.6 - - 3.2 3.8 - 

Table 4.3.16 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 147.0 163.5 185.3 - - 204.2 235.4 257.7 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 12.0 11.0 10.2 - - 11.2 11.9 11.0 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 135.0 152.5 175.1 - - 193.0 223.5 246.7 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 42.0 54.3 64.3 - - 74.6 90.9 108.5 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 12.9 16.1 20.7 - - 29.2 37.8 30.9 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 29.1 38.2 43.6 - - 45.3 53.2 77.6 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 37.6 43.9 51.0 - - 55.1 65.0 73.2 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 97.4 108.6 124.1 - - 137.8 158.5 173.6 

of which 6.a Agriculture 2.4 3.1 3.2 - - 3.4 3.5 3.7 

6.b Industry 37.9 36.5 39.5 - - 42.7 50.2 55.9 

6.c Transport 25.2 34.4 41.5 - - 45.1 51.1 53.1 

6.d Services 7.1 9.0 13.2 - - 17.5 23.6 30.2 

6.e Households 24.8 25.6 26.7 - - 29.1 30.1 30.6 

Table 4.3.17 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 





of which 4.a Primary Electricity 0 4.1 1.9 2.3 - 0.1 3.2 3.5 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 2.3 2.1 0.4 0.4 - 2.6 0.7 0.8 




6.b Industry 3.4 3.1 0.8 1.1 - 1.2 1.7 2.0 

6.c Transport 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.6 - 1.5 2.0 2.2 

6.d Services 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.6 - 0.6 0.8 0.9 

6.e Households 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.4 - 1.5 1.6 1.7 

2009-180-0004 160 


Table 4.3.18 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - 3.6 3.6 4.8 - - - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - 0 0 0 - - - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - 3.6 3.6 4.8 - - - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - 0 0 0 - - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - 0 0 0 - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - 0 0 0 - - - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - 0.2 0 0.4 - - - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - 3.4 3.6 4.4 - - - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture - 0 0 0 - - - - 

6.b Industry - 1.9 1.3 1.1 - - - - 

6.c Transport - 0.9 1.7 2.6 - - - - 

6.d Services - 0 0 0 - - - - 

6.e Households - 0.5 0.6 0.7 - - - - 

Table 4.3.19 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 2,0 2,1 0,7 0,9 0,8 0,8 1,0 1,4 

6.c Transport 1,4 1,1 0,8 1,2 1,4 1,3 1,4 1,4 

6.d Services 1,1 1,1 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,9 1,0 

6.e Households 1,6 1,6 1,3 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,9 

Table 4.3.20 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 0.9 - - - - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 0 - - - - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 0.9 0.9 1.0 - - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 0.5 0.6 0.7 - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 0 - - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - - 0.5 - - - - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 0.2 - - - - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - - 0.7 - - - - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture - - 0 - - - - - 

6.b Industry - - 0.2 - - - - - 

6.c Transport - - 0.3 - - - - - 

6.d Services - - 0.1 - - - - - 

6.e Households - - 0.1 - - - - - 

2009-180-0004 161 


Table 4.3.21 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 22.3 21.8 25.0 27.3 30.2 28.6 34.8 42.5 

6.c Transport 7.8 8.4 11.0 11.9 11.9 11.5 14.0 17.1 

6.d Services 5.6 7.0 7.7 8.3 8.0 7.6 9.3 11.3 

6.e Households 12.5 10.4 10.3 10.9 10.7 10.2 12.5 15.2 

Table 4.3.22 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 48,0 27,1 21,6 17,5 17,9 21,8 25,2 30,9 

6.c Transport 10,0 9,9 9,5 14,0 15,5 15,2 19,0 22,2 

6.d Services 2,0 2,1 4,7 6,8 6,9 6,9 9,6 14,2 

6.e Households 25,0 25,0 17,4 19,5 18,2 18,3 19,9 22,2 

Table 4.3.23 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 3.2 4.2 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.9 8.1 

6.c Transport 2.1 3.8 6.6 6.9 6.7 6.9 8.3 9.7 

6.d Services 0.4 0.6 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.8 3.3 

6.e Households 1.1 1.6 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.9 4.6 

2009-180-0004 162 


Table 4.3.24 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 41.8 48.9 48.6 47.7 48.9 53.5 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 5.3 9.4 9.4 12.0 12.0 12.0 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 36.5 39.6 39.2 35.7 36.9 41.5 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 11.6 15.5 14.9 13.0 15.1 17.7 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 4.4 6.4 5.8 6.8 9.3 10.6 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - - 7.2 9.1 9.2 6.2 5.8 7.1 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 14.4 14.3 14.1 12.9 12.9 13.3 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) - - 22.1 25.3 25.0 22.8 24.0 28.2 

of which 6.a Agriculture - - 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 

6.b Industry - - 9.0 10.0 10.0 8.9 10.7 13.0 

6.c Transport - - 3.5 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.5 5.7 

6.d Services - - 0.8 2.8 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.6 

6.e Households - - 8.4 7.9 7.6 7.4 6.4 6.6 

Table 4.3.25 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 










6.b Industry 13.0 12.3 13.4 13.3 13.6 13.1 14.2 14.4 

6.c Transport 5.9 7.2 7.5 8.5 8.8 8.3 8.9 8.9 

6.d Services 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.9 5.1 5.0 

6.e Households 8.5 7.9 8.0 7.3 7.6 8.0 7.7 7.6 

Table 4.3.26 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - - 6.3 - - - - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - 0 - - - - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - 6.3 - - - - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - - 1.6 - - - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - - 1.1 - - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - - 0.5 - - - - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - 1.9 - - - - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 3.3 3.4 4.4 - - - - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture - - - - - - - 

6.b Industry - - 1.3 - - - - - 

6.c Transport - - - - - - - 

6.d Services - - 1.4 - - - - - 

6.e Households - - 1.7 - - - - - 

2009-180-0004 163 


Table 4.3.27 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements - 22.2 16.2 - - - - - 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers - - - - - - - - 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) - - - - - - - - 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation - 5.4 4.7 - - - - - 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity - 2.3 2.2 - - - - - 

4.b Thermal Power Generation - 3.1 2.5 - - - - - 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector - - - - - - - - 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.5 15.5 10.9 - - 

of which 6.a Agriculture - - - - - - - - 

6.b Industry - - - - - - - - 

6.c Transport - - - - - - - - 

6.d Services - - - - - - - - 

6.e Households - - - - - - - - 

Table 4.3.28 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 


2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0.4 0.2 -1.0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 








6.b Industry 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.2 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.5 

6.c Transport 4.5 6.1 7.2 7.0 7.4 7.6 8.4 9.2 

6.d Services 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.5 

6.e Households 5.3 5.4 5.5 6.2 7.4 7.6 8.3 9.1 

Table 4.3.29 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 30.2 36.1 49.1 - - 51.0 55.8 59.0 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 1.4 1.6 2.1 - - 2.3 2.3 2.3 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 28.8 34.5 47.0 - - 48.7 53.5 56.7 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 18.7 23.7 27.8 - - 30.1 32.2 34.6 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 18.7 23.7 27.7 - - 28.6 29.1 29.7 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 0 0 0.2 - - 1.5 3.2 4.9 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 14.2 17.9 28.0 - - 27.1 30.2 31.5 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 14.6 16.6 19.0 - - 21.6 23.3 25.2 

of which 6.a Agriculture 0.7 - - 0.8 0.8 0.8 

6.b Industry 5.9 6.1 7.7 - - 7.7 8.1 8.8 

6.c Transport 2.9 3.6 4.4 - - 5.7 6.3 7.0 

6.d Services - - 2.5 - - 3.0 3.3 3.5 

6.e Households - - 3.7 - - 4.4 4.8 5.1 

2009-180-0004 164 


Table 4.3.30 Total Energy Use (Mtoe) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

1. Total Primary Energy Requirements 32,0 53,0 81,7 102,2 107,7 126,3 222,4 

2. Non Energy Uses and Bunkers 0,6 1,0 2,4 4,7 4,5 2,5 3,2 

3. Primary Energy for Energy Uses (3=1-2) 31,4 52,0 79,3 95,5 103,2 123,8 219,2 

4. Primary Energy Used for Electricty Generation 4,3 10,7 24,7 30,7 34,8 41,9 84,8 

of which 4.a Primary Electricity 1,0 2,1 2,7 3,9 3,2 5,7 18,7 

4.b Thermal Power Generation 3,3 8,6 22,0 26,8 31,6 36,2 66,1 

5. Consumption and Losses in the Energy Sector 4,4 11,3 20,7 22,2 24,9 26,9 52,1 

6. Final Energy Consumption (6=3-5) 27,0 40,7 58,6 73,3 78,3 96,9 167,1 

of which 6.a Agriculture 1,0 2,0 3,1 3,6 3,9 4,4 6,8 

6.b Industry 8,0 14,6 23,6 31,0 32,4 43,6 78,7 

6.c Transport 5,2 8,7 12,0 15,0 17,3 19,9 34,0 

6.d Services 

6.e Households 12,8 15,4 19,9 23,7 24,7 29,0 47,6 

* Households include the services category 

2009-180-0004 165 


4.4 Comments 

BULGARIA 

The total net electricity generation in Bulgaria during 2007 was 39.1 TWh, out of which 13.6 TWh by the 

NPP Kozloduy, 22.1 TWh by conventional TPPs on fossil fuel, 3.2 TWh by HPPs and 0.2 TWh by other 

renewables. The electricity from TPPs was generated mainly by the units at the Maritsa East site, burning 

domestic lignite. 

The export of electricity to the neighboring countries in 2007 was 5407 GWh. The export capabilities of the 

country ware significant reduced after the decommissioning of the unit 3&4 in NPP Kozloduy in the end of 

2006. 

GERMANY 

When evaluating generation programmes it is assumed that a certain amount of the generating capacity is 

not available during the period of maximum peak demand due to low hydro output during the winter 

period, devoted capacities to heat production in CHP stations or a discontinuous supply of wind power 

stations. Furthermore a reserve has to be provided for the case of shutdowns and demand variations due 

to the economic situation or caused by the weather. 

SPAIN 

Table 4.1. Foreseeable not available capacity is associated to hydro power plants stations, since their 

effective capacity is heavily dependent of hydro conditions, and to the irregular capacity contributions of 

electricity production from RES. Peak demand data do not include the one corresponding to autoproducer's 

self-consumption. 

LITHUANIA 

During the peak load in the energy system, the capacities of small hydro power plants, wind power, other 

renewable and to some extent of the autoproducers are not taken into consideration. 

LUXEMBOURG 

Luxembourg is still a net importing country for electricity, as it is also for all other energy sources. 

LATVIA 

Latvia is power deficit country. The necessary amount of electricity was imported from Russia, Lithuania 

and Estonia. 

Latvenergo HPPs (run-of-river type) are located on the River Daugava. They are used to cover peak loads as 

well as for the spinning reserve for the Baltic region. The generation depends on water inflow. During 

spring flood period, about two months, Latvian HPPs can supply the whole national demand. 

Due to the irregular water supply, there are big fluctuations in the generation of the electric energy. For 

example, in 1998 there were generated by HPPs 4.3 TWh, but in 1996 only – 1.8 TWh. 

2009-180-0004 166 


MALTA 

The balancing of generating plant takes into account a number of factors, some of which are conflicting: 

• Seasonal load changes. 

• Daily load changes. 

• Climatic predictions /changes on weekly, daily and even hourly bases. 

• Hourly load changes. 

• Technical Limitations. 

• Plant availability 

• National / International activities. 

• Economic considerations. 

• Environmental considerations. 

• Legal obligations (20,000 hour rule for MPS) 

Dispatching is in fact not carried out by having a separate Dispatching Centre. This is because of the small 

size of our network grid, the fact that there are only two power stations operated by the same company. 

The work carried out by a dispatching centre, is in Malta being carried out by the Power Station Control 

room and Operations Engineers. 

POLAND 

The directions of Polish energy exchanges are the same like in the past years. 

Directions of Polish imports and exports structure till the year 2020 is shown on Fig.1. 

Germany 

UCTE 

Existed 

Connections 

Czech Republic 

POLAND 

Sweden 

Fig.1 Directions of current and future Polish electricity exchange 

Slovakia 

Lithuania 

Ukraine 

Planned 

Connections 

Based on information presented in UCTE Report all import concerns on the Polish- Swedish and Polish- 

Ukraine border. 

2009-180-0004 167 


Connection between Poland and Sweden is set on DC cable. Connections with Lithuania and Ukraine are 

planned as back-to-back stations. 

Imports from UCTE countries should be executed through existing and planned interconnections with 

neighbouring countries. 

In 2008 year the electric energy exchange balance was essentially reduced due to priority for covering 

national demand. 

PORTUGAL 

The foreseeable not available capacity corresponds to a percentage of the installed capacity of the special 

regime generation (excluding hydro) defined according with the technology. 

The required reserve capacity considers: 

• The forced outage of the thermal and hydro units with higher capacity of the public electricity system in 

the peak period; 

• The temperature effect on the annual peak load (a maximum increase of 6.9% on the expected peak 

was assumed); 

• The capacity limitation of the hydro subsystem for dry conditions, in the period of the year where peak 

demand is expected to occur. 

TURKEY 

To meet increasing electrical energy demand with sufficient reliability under various constraints and in a 

least-cost manner. Totally 59 GW of new capacity will be added to the generating system till 2020. 

Consequently, the reserve margins for the year 2010 and 2020 have been calculated as 26% and 21%, 

respectively. 

2009-180-0004 168 


V. ENVIRONMENT 

5.1 Fuel consumption for electricity generation 

Table 5.1.1 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 38.0 37.0 32.0 32.0 

Brown Coal 27.0 23.0 13.0 0 0 

Oil 50.0 17.0 17.0 18.0 22.0 

Natural Gas 35.0 64.0 72.0 171.0 194.0 

Derived Gas 5.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 

Other Fuels 3.0 7.0 21.0 26.0 28.0 

Thermal Total 120.0 157.0 169.0 257.0 286.0 

Table 5.1.2 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 125.0 106.0 


Oil 3.9 11.0 

Natural Gas 147.6 258.0 

Derived Gas 27.5 19.2 

Other Fuels 0 0 

Thermal Total 304.0 394.2 

Table 5.1.3 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 77.5 65.4 19.1 49.7 60.5 51.1 43.3 18.2 

Brown Coal 106.7 128.5 140.0 167.6 187.1 213.1 165.2 156.7 

Oil 259.1 17.2 10.0 3.4 4.7 5.5 5.2 4.2 

Natural Gas 16.3 13.2 10.7 15.7 17.4 14.7 30.2 40.1 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 459.7 224.3 179.8 236.4 269.7 284.4 243.9 219.2 

Table 5.1.4 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 12.9 22.5 38.3 49.2 53.3 42.0 4.6 3.3 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 58.0 77.8 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 12.9 22.5 38.3 49.2 53.3 42.0 62.7 81.0 

2009-180-0004 169 


Table 5.1.5 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 82.0 63.0 76.1 67.5 68.0 76.4 76.4 76.4 

Brown Coal 448.0 426.0 445.0 480.4 503.0 344.2 359.1 350.0 

Oil 11.0 5.0 5.6 3.7 3.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 

Natural Gas 2.0 2.0 9.4 7.1 7.5 7.8 7.8 10.0 

Derived Gas 9.0 7.0 20.1 20.8 22.0 21.4 21.4 15.4 

Other Fuels 2.0 2.0 4.3 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Thermal Total 554.0 505.0 560.5 581.0 605.0 453.2 468.1 455.2 

Table 5.1.6 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 1,046.0 1,270.0 1,268.0 1,234.0 1,345.0 1,100.0 1,030.0 870.0 

Brown Coal 962.0 1,795.0 1,420.0 1,435.0 1,480.0 1,400.0 1,320.0 1,270.0 

Oil 209.0 109.0 71.0 76.0 79.0 70.0 50.0 30.0 

Natural Gas 551.0 336.0 391.0 571.0 594.0 620.0 980.0 1,050.0 

Derived Gas 0 99.0 90.0 99.0 100.0 80.0 50.0 35.0 

Other Fuels 135.0 32.0 50.0 90.0 94.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 

Thermal Total 2,903.0 3,641.0 3,290.0 3,505.0 3,692.0 3,370.0 3,530.0 3,345.0 

Table 5.1.7 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 216.0 230.0 162.0 222.3 184.7 150.0 100.0 70.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 48.0 8.0 39.0 16.6 13.9 20.0 20.0 20.0 

Natural Gas 0 7.0 89.0 93.4 73.4 120.0 160.0 170.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 1.0 29.0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 264.0 246.0 319.0 332.3 272.0 290.0 280.0 260.0 

Table 5.1.8 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 0.4 0.3 0.3 



Other Fuels 85.5 83.8 106.5 

Thermal Total 88.9 86.4 108.3 

Table 5.1.9 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 233.0 467.0 601.0 516.0 560.0 402.0 184.0 156.0 

Brown Coal 93.0 131.0 137.0 123.0 131.0 94.0 56.0 0 

Oil 391.0 86.0 177.0 155.0 138.0 148.0 143.0 169.0 

Natural Gas 17.0 21.0 129.0 586.0 612.0 753.0 1,150.0 1,215.0 

Derived Gas 

Other Fuels 

Thermal Total 735.0 704.0 1,044.0 1,381.0 1,442.0 1,397.0 1,534.0 1,540.0 

2009-180-0004 170 


Table 5.1.10 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 103.0 61.0 60.0 117.0 97.0 67.0 50.0 29.0 

Brown Coal 4.0 17.0 22.0 43.0 46.0 33.0 27.0 26.0 

Oil 27.0 10.0 7.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 

Natural Gas 12.6 24.8 41.0 58.0 46.0 59.0 75.0 68.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 29.2 46.3 54.0 68.0 62.0 63.0 70.0 73.0 

Thermal Total 176.0 159.0 184.0 289.0 254.0 224.0 224.0 198.0 

Table 5.1.11 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 605.0 303.5 328.9 

Brown Coal 8.0 4.9 5.3 

Oil 473.0 70.4 76.3 

Natural Gas 62.0 18.3 19.8 

Derived Gas 80.0 48.2 52.2 

Other Fuels 0 9.7 10.5 

Thermal Total 1,228.0 455.0 493.0 

Table 5.1.12 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 2,176.0 2,077.0 1,200.0 1,505.0 1377.0 1,354.0 965.0 827.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 392.0 350.0 65.0 63.0 51.0 43.0 2.0 0 

Natural Gas 48.0 23.0 1,169.0 1,115.0 1271.0 1,392.0 1,693.0 1,465.0 

Derived Gas 20.0 20.0 0 0 0 79.0 79.0 0 

Other Fuels 5.0 15.0 57.0 66.0 58.0 79.0 79.0 0 

Thermal Total 2,641.0 2,485.0 2,490.0 2,749.0 2,757.0 2,997.0 2,948.0 2,574.0 

Table 5.1.13 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.2 0.2 

Brown Coal 105.7 258.8 340.1 333.9 345.0 343.0 316.0 

Oil 93.8 78.3 90.1 86.9 84.1 70.1 25.0 

Natural Gas 0 0 58.5 87.7 88.4 117.1 184.5 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 

Thermal Total 199.5 337.1 488.6 508.4 517.8 530.4 525.7 

Table 5.1.14 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 16.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 15.0 40.0 60.0 

Brown Coal 160.0 108.0 104.0 68.0 71.0 65.0 50.0 42.0 

Oil 44.0 19.0 43.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 

Natural Gas 109.0 74.0 77.0 138.0 152.0 130.0 130.0 150.0 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 1.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 

Thermal Total 313.0 217.0 236.0 253.0 271.0 246.0 266.0 308.0 

2009-180-0004 171 


Table 5.1.15 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 51.0 61.0 64.0 64.0 

Brown Coal 19.0 24.0 21.0 25.0 25.0 

Oil 51.0 14.0 44.0 10.0 10.0 

Natural Gas 18.0 34.0 76.0 124.0 163.0 


Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 88.0 123.0 202.0 223.0 262.0 

Table 5.1.16 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 123.0 284.0 252.0 488.0 550.0 791.0 

Brown Coal 13.0 11.0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 955.0 913.0 808.0 170.0 160.0 250.0 

Natural Gas 82.0 337.0 784.0 1,171.0 1,445.0 2,127.0 

Derived Gas 38.0 46.0 40.0 59.0 60.0 64.0 

Other Fuels 6.0 7.0 26.0 149.0 285.0 415.0 

Thermal Total 1,217.0 1,598.0 1,910.0 2,037.0 2,500.0 3,647.0 

Table 5.1.17 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 98.3 41.7 5.0 0.2 5.0 15.9 3.3 1.4 

Natural Gas 3.1 48.8 11.6 17.2 28.1 87.2 50.0 51.2 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.5 

Thermal Total 101.4 90.5 16.6 17.5 33.6 104.0 56.2 56.1 

Table 5.1.18 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 6.2 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1.0 2.8 0.2 0 

Natural Gas 3.1 13.4 53.0 611.0 

Derived Gas 177.3 0 0 

Other Fuels 11.1 26.8 30.8 38.2 

Thermal Total 21.4 220.3 84.0 649.2 

Table 5.1.19 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4 5.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 5.8 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 

Natural Gas 4.4 11.3 7.0 7.3 6.7 7.9 13.5 19.5 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 10.2 13.3 8.0 7.7 7.1 8.3 19.4 25.2 

2009-180-0004 172 


Table 5.1.20 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 


Oil 22.2 26.3 26.4 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 


Other Fuels 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 22.2 26.3 26.4 

Table 5.1.21 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 61.0 234.0 219.0 205.0 213.0 215.0 408.0 399.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 214.0 2.0 1.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 

Natural Gas 214.0 317.0 360.0 542.0 571.0 564.0 570.0 721.0 

Derived Gas 16.0 18.0 24.0 

Other Fuels 0 0 6.0 193.0 196.0 381.0 466.0 525.0 

Thermal Total 505.0 571.0 610.0 951.0 991.0 1,172.0 1,455.0 1,657.0 

Table 5.1.22 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 955.0 754.0 773.3 816.1 832.6 779.8 864.1 924.7 

Brown Coal 260.0 549.0 495.3 524.2 499.6 557.7 501.0 401.8 

Oil 29.0 17.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 16.1 31.8 34.1 30.5 113.0 151.7 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 1,244.0 1,320.0 1,284.7 1,372.1 1,366.3 1,368.0 1,478.1 1,478.2 

Table 5.1.23 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 3.6 84.5 133.6 136.5 112.8 99.7 46.4 56.1 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 61.5 84.6 65.1 37.1 34.5 20.4 20.1 19.0 

Natural Gas 0 0 48.0 81.7 87.7 110.3 131.3 174.9 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 4.1 3.2 13.5 17.9 19.4 23.0 31.9 31.8 

Thermal Total 69.3 172.2 260.2 273.2 254.4 253.4 229.7 281.8 

Table 5.1.24 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 72.0 45.0 45.0 46.5 55.7 19.3 37.8 89.8 

Brown Coal 129.0 161.0 149.0 218.5 218.5 191.9 125.2 131.4 

Oil 67.0 117.0 26.0 10.5 6.5 10.3 1.9 1.3 

Natural Gas 255.0 249.0 81.0 104.9 103.1 40.0 77.6 75.6 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 523.0 572.0 301.0 380.4 383.8 261.4 242.4 298.0 

2009-180-0004 173 


Table 5.1.25 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 1.0 5.3 7.9 4.6 3.8 1.9 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0.3 0.3 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 

Oil 54.6 6.0 7.7 8.7 6.0 5.6 3.6 3.6 

Natural Gas 0 1.7 2.1 2.5 4.9 14.3 13.5 13.5 

Derived Gas 0.2 3.9 5.5 5.3 7.0 1.5 1.8 1.8 

Other Fuels 3.6 8.6 19.1 41.2 40.2 43.7 52.0 66.0 

Thermal Total 59.3 25.7 42.5 64.6 64.1 67.0 71.0 85.0 

Table 5.1.26 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 44.0 46.0 47.0 50.0 49.0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Natural Gas 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 


Other Fuels 0 0 0 0 0 

Thermal Total 45.0 47.0 49.0 53.0 53.0 

Table 5.1.27 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 

Brown Coal 

Oil 

Natural Gas 

Derived Gas 

Other Fuels 

23.2 10.3 

Thermal Total 139.0 97.0 122.0 143.0 157.0 

Table 5.1.28 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 

Derived Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 

Thermal Total 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 

Table 5.1.29 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Brown Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Natural Gas 0 0 0 29.2 66.4 97.4 


Other Fuels 1.6 5.6 7.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 

Thermal Total 1.6 5.6 7.4 33.8 71.0 102.1 

2009-180-0004 174 


Table 5.1.30 Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation (PJ) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

Coal 20.0 9.0 38.0 120.0 131.3 117.0 420.0 

Brown Coal 50.0 208.0 404.0 338.0 409.0 609.0 1,175.0 

Oil 70.0 47.0 117.0 43.0 43.3 67.0 61.0 

Natural Gas 97.0 362.0 618.0 735.4 724.0 1,110.0 

Derived Gas 

Other Fuels 2.0 2.4 

Thermal Total 140.0 361.0 921.0 1,121.0 1,321.4 1,517.0 2,766.0 

2009-180-0004 175 


5.2 Emissions 

Table 5.2.1 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) AUSTRIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 109.9 15.1 3.1 2.7 

NOx 26.5 14.5 7.7 9.9 

CO2 11,550 12,400 9,700 10,434 

Table 5.2.2 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) BELGIUM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 352.0 995.2 34.8 25.1 18.4 8.0 

NOx 87.0 60.6 41.8 28.3 24.4 16.0 

CO2 31,604 23,504 23,084 22,636 22,740 22,540 

Table 5.2.3 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) BULGARIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 975.0 1,068.0 881.0 868.0 980.1 516.6 443.1 391.8 

NOx 62.1 69.1 53.5 59.8 67.5 44.4 38.1 31.1 

CO2 23,244 25,910 21,066 21,398 24,161 28,278 24,251 19,806 

Table 5.2.4 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) CYPRUS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 16.0 29.0 30.6 26.9 25.2 3.0 2.0 3.0 

NOx 2.6 4.1 4.6 7.6 7.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 

CO2 964 1,667 2,836 3,653 3,801 4,042 

Table 5.2.5 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) CZECH REPUBLIC 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 400.0 62.0 64.0 62.0 53.0 53.0 43.0 

NOx 58.0 63.0 65.0 64.0 51.0 52.8 41.4 

CO2 42,000 55,750 51,000 53,000 39,000 40,500 40,000 

Table 5.2.6 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) GERMANY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 3,660.0 2,040.0 163.0 156.0 160.0 

NOx 990.0 385.0 182.0 203.0 208.0 

CO2 327,000 289,100 279,000 289,000 296,000 

Table 5.2.7 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) DENMARK 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 207.0 119.0 16.0 10.3 9.3 8.0 7.6 7.0 

NOx 121.0 90.0 48.0 45.5 35.5 38.0 16.1 16.0 

CO2 24,038 20,741 19,827 28,300 23,100 27,000 18,000 18,000 

Table 5.2.8 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) ESTONIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 175.9 74.5 48.0 69.2 

NOx 16.3 10.3 7.9 11.3 

CO2 20,158 10,866 9,055 11,865 

2009-180-0004 176 


Table 5.2.9 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SPAIN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 1,835.0 1,442.0 1,064.0 905.0 936.0 336.0 117.0 113.0 

NOx 225.0 210.0 283.0 260.0 277.0 212.0 67.0 59.0 

CO2 59,187 64,957 88,886 102,615 107,857 97,362 93,505 89,464 

Table 5.2.10 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) FINLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 112.0 52.0 15.5 24.4 17.9 10.2 7.4 

NOx 54.0 38.0 20.2 32.9 24.2 15.8 13.6 

CO2 13,000 10,000 11,000 21,000 17,000 13,000 14,000 14,000 

Table 5.2.11 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) FRANCE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 978.0 293.4 117.3 

NOx 316.0 94.5 91.9 

CO2 82,000 37,700 31,300 34,700 25,169 30,700 27,000 

Table 5.2.12 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) UNITED KINGDOM 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 3,658.0 3,042.0 915.0 430.0 414.0 175.0 173.0 

NOx 1,170.0 1,047.0 550.0 565.0 501.0 382.0 373.0 

CO2 301,000 204,500 158,700 181,200 177,300 

Table 5.2.13 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) GREECE 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 

NOx 

CO2 54,764 

Table 5.2.14 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) HUNGARY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 654.0 439.0 356.0 8.0 14.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 

NOx 30.0 31.0 14.0 15.0 15.0 18.0 15.0 

CO2 20,595 13,759 14,847 14,100 15,000 17,000 

Table 5.2.15 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) IRELAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 93.0 103.0 79.0 18.0 14.0 

NOx 21.0 46.0 40.0 20.0 21.0 

CO2 7,800 11,000 15,100 14,411 13,933 16,250 17,500 

Table 5.2.16 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) ITALY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 1,510.0 855.0 438.0 154.8 113.1 122.0 117.0 148.0 

NOx 405.0 490.0 255.0 122.7 112.0 120.0 118.0 160.0 

CO2 96,300 123,400 134,000 139,000 143,000 

Table 5.2.17 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) LITHUANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 96.4 40.9 4.9 3.0 4.8 1.6 0.4 0.2 

NOx 15.3 13.6 2.5 3.5 5.7 17.9 9.1 8.9 

CO2 7,880 6,054 1,053 1,240 2,042 6,295 3,414 3,395 

2009-180-0004 177 


Table 5.2.18 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) LUXEMBOURG 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

NOx 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 

CO2 840 140 1,015 1,091 

Table 5.2.19 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) LATVIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 1.5 9.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 3.4 3.2 

NOx 0.9 2.7 1.2 2.4 2.3 3.3 9.6 8.6 

CO2 680 780 561 1,249 1,393 1,400 1,300 1,400 

Table 5.2.20 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) MALTA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 25.1 9.1 12.4 

NOx 4.7 5.4 5.5 

CO2 1,682 1,986 2,027 

Table 5.2.21 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) NETHERLANDS 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 196.0 45.0 16.0 12.0 11.0 8.0 6.0 5.0 

NOx 84.0 73.0 43.0 37.0 35.0 31.0 28.0 25.0 

CO2 35,400 38,600 42,509 54,500 54,300 53,000 50,000 45,000 

Table 5.2.22 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) POLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 1,770.0 1,450.0 739.4 674.4 649.1 315.5 213.1 207.1 

NOx 362.0 221.0 209.2 208.3 192.3 137.2 137.2 

CO2 138,300 127,272 127,724 128,910 131,924 138,924 138,934 

Table 5.2.23 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) PORTUGAL 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 92.0 184.0 149.6 96.6 87.7 28.9 16.4 12.6 

NOx 20.0 63.0 65.2 59.3 53.6 30.8 18.7 19.3 

CO2 5,080 15,000 20,249 21,637 19,299 17,163 14,074 13,895 

Table 5.2.24 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) ROMANIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 530.0 607.0 486.0 647.4 661.3 211.0 38.9 50.5 

NOx 126.0 134.0 79.0 97.8 100.5 50.9 31.4 43.4 

CO2 39,255 43,701 25,803 32,450 32,928 23,691 20,297 26 

Table 5.2.25 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SWEDEN 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 66.0 9.5 2.7 8.3 6.9 3.1 2.8 3.4 

NOx 9.8 3.5 3.0 4.1 4.0 4.6 4.8 5.7 

CO2 4,300 1,500 2,000 2,100 2,200 1,800 1,500 1,500 

Table 5.2.26 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SLOVENIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 139.8 80.0 40.0 34.0 

NOx 16.3 10.0 8.0 8.0 

CO2 5,151 4,795 6,340 6,564 4,320 4,000 

2009-180-0004 178 


Table 5.2.27 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SLOVAKIA 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 139.8 80.0 33.2 40.0 34.0 

NOx 16.3 10.0 6.5 8.0 8.0 

CO2 5,151 4,795 8,275 4,103 4,320 4,000 

Table 5.2.28 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) SWITZERLAND 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

NOx 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 

CO2 330 770 1,000 704 1,056 1,408 1,584 

Table 5.2.29 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) NORWAY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 0.6 2.1 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 

NOx 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.9 3.8 5.3 

CO2 135 459 606 432 586 2,042 4,164 5,933 

Table 5.2.30 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) TURKEY 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 239.0 791.0 1,399.0 922.0 936.5 1,019.0 1,196.0 

NOx 35.0 117.0 216.0 198.0 202.0 316.0 518.0 

CO2 11,896 30,325 72,089 85,312 100,662 116,534 221,956 

Table 5.2.31 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) EU-27 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 16,911.8 13,694.2 5,834.2 4,103.1 4,141.8 2,154.9 1,297.9 1,178.2 

NOx 3,736.2 3,337.8 2,122.0 1,658.1 1,614.5 1,389.4 984.6 958.2 

CO2 989,362.0 1,142,114.0 1,112,569.0 1,190,243.0 1,253,827.6 N/A N/A N/A 

Table 5.2.32 Emissions from Electricity Generation (kilotons) EU-30 

1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2010 2020 2030 

SO2 17,151.4 14,487.7 7,236.5 5,026.4 5,078.3 3,175.7 2,495.7 1,180.0 

NOx 3,771.4 3,455.7 2,339.4 1,857.1 1,817.0 1,708.1 1,507.4 964.7 

CO2 1,001,393.0 1,173,228.0 1,186,034.0 1,276,987.0 1,355,779.6 N/A N/A N/A 

2009-180-0004 179 


5.3 Comments 

BULGARIA 

In 2006 CO2 emissions by the electricity generation in Bulgaria ware 24833 ktons. Compared to the previous 

year, they increased too big - about 16%. The main reason for that fact was the significant growth of TPP’s 

generation, which compensated the shutdown of the old nuclear units in NPP Kozloduy. The same tendency 

is and by SO2 and NOx emissions. In 2007 they ware respectively 1007 ktons and 69.4 ktons. 

GERMANY 

The SO2 emissions of the public utilities in 2007 amount to 160,000 tons. This means a reduction by 92% 

compared to 1990 when public utility power plants emitted about 2 million tons of SO2. 

SPAIN 

Table 5.1. From 2010 on, brown coal plants will burn imported coal. 

Table 5.2. The CO2 emissions correspond to the total electricity generation of Spain, that is, including 

electricity and CHP plants of any size. Only 50% of the CO2 emissions of CHP plants have been assigned to 

electricity generated by such plants (this assumption also applies to CHP fuel consumption). The SO2 and 

NOx future emission data have been estimated taking into account the expected evolution of the 

corresponding international protocols and their implementation in the European Union. 

LITHUANIA 

According to the National Energy Strategy the main directions are to increase the share of natural gas and 

local fuel in the balance of primary energy resources, to ensured safe operation and continuous 

implementation of the safety measures in the Ignalina NPP, to reduce emissions and to develop the 

taxation (emission trading) system. 

LUXEMBOURG 

The government continues strongly to promote renewable energy production and energy saving measures 

to fulfil the Kyoto protocols. The contribution of renewable energies to the total consumption in 2007 in 

the public grid was as follow: 

Hydro: 4.0 % 

Wind: 2.4 % 

Photovoltaic: 0.7 % 

Biogas: 1.4 % 

Waste incineration: 1.4 % 

LATVIA 

There are no problems with the application of the Kyoto protocol for Latvia. The current level of emissions 

is low. The level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita was 5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2007. In Latvia 

electricity is produced only by hydropower plants and combined heat-power plants. The emissions of 

power plants are rather low. Natural gas is the main fuel in CHPs. There is no thermal conventional 

(condensing) production. Therefore, we can say that almost all electricity generated in Latvia is the “green” 

one. 

2009-180-0004 180 


MALTA 

In order to fulfil our environmental obligations, all the generating plant must generate emissions below the 

limits set in the Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD). Furthermore, from 2010 Malta will have to meet 

the National emissions limits under the National Emissions Ceiling Directive (NEC) and for 2006 it was 

obliged to meet the emissions limits for green house gases (GHG) under the National Allocation Plan (NAP). 

Marsa Station will be decommissioned by 2015 or 20,000 hrs from 1st January 2008. In the case of the 

Delimara steam plant, modifications to the boiler for the reduction of NOx emissions are required. 

POLAND 

Possibilities and methods for the reduction of air pollution emissions in Poland: 

1) Improvement in the efficiency of end-user consumption of electrical power and heating energy - 

technical solutions and education, 

2) Modification of the structure of fuel use, development of gas-based energy, 

3) Improved efficiency of energy generation processes: modernization of existing facilities, introduction 

of new technologies, development of dispersed energy generation and increases in associated 

generation, 

4) Development of renewable energy sources, 

5) Reduction "low emissions" by the household and communal sectors. 

The EU Environmental Directive 2001/80/EC put into effect in November 2001 gave new challenge for 

Polish generation system. 

The binding target of a 20% share of renewable energies in overall EU energy consumption by 2020 

presented in the Presidency Conclusions from the Council of the European Union (8/9 March 2007) will 

have additional impact for future structure of electric energy production in Poland. 

PORTUGAL 

Concerning the atmospheric emissions from electricity generation, the values up to 2007 are the observed 

ones for the public system power plants and are estimated values for CHP generation. 

For the future years, the values were calculated on the basis of emission coefficients established for 

planning purposes and forecasted thermal generation for average hydrological conditions. 

The reduction of the SO2 emissions is linked to the reduction of the sulphur content in fuels, to the 

progressive decrease of the production of fueloil plants together with the increase of generation based on 

combined cycle technology using natural gas and to the installation of SO2 emissions abatement 

technologies in the existing coal plants. 

TURKEY 

Energy policy of Turkey is to provide energy supply in a reliable, sufficient and economic manner, regarding 

the targeted economic and social development and taking into account the environmental concerns. The 

main objective of Turkish environmental policy is to protect and improve the environment within the 

framework of sustainable development. However, due to the considerably high financial burden of the 

environmental investments there are some difficulties for taking all the required measures in some existing 

power plants, particularly lignite-fired thermal power plants. 

2009-180-0004 181 


The recent environmental studies are mostly concentrated on the issues related to the EU, particularly on 

the harmonisation of legislation with the environmental acquis of EU, since Turkey is within the accession 

partnership. 

The other important issue is related to the Climate Change since Turkey has been party to the United 

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) in 2004. In this framework, Initial National 

Communication was prepared and submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat. These studies have been carried 

out under the responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in co-operation with the 

related sectors, including electricity sector. 

2009-180-0004 182 


Annex 1 : List of contributing organisations 

The information contained in this report was collected during the first quarter of 2009 by the following 

organisations: 

AT • VEÖ "Verband der Elektrizitätsunternehmen 

Österreichs" 

http://www.veoe.at 

BE • Federation of Belgian Electricity and Gas 

Companies 

http://www.febeg.be 

BG • Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD 

http://www.nek.bg/ 

CH • VSE / AES 

http://www.vse.ch/ 

CY • Electricity Authority of Cyprus 

http://www.eac.com.cy/ 

CZ • CSZE - Czech Association of Employers in 

Electricity Industry 

http://www.csze.cz 

DE • BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und 

Wasserwirtschaft e.V. 

http://www.bdew.de 

DK • Danish Energy Association 

http://www.danel.dk/ 

EE • Eesti Energia AS. 

http://www.energia.ee 

ES • Spanish Electricity Industry Association 

http://www.unesa.es/index.htm 

FI • Energiateollisuus ry 

http://www.energia.fi 

FR • Union Française de l'Electricité 

http://www.ufe-electricite.fr/ 

GB • The National Grid Company 

http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/ 

GR• Public Power Corporation 

http://www.dei.gr/ 

HU • MAVIR ZRt. 

http://www.mavir.hu 

IE • ESB Power Generation 

http://www.esb.ie 

IT • Gestore Servizi Elettrici s.p.a 

http://www.gse.it/ 

LT • Lithuanian Electricity Association 

http://www.leea.lt 

LU • Enovos Luxembourg S.A. 

http://www.enovos.eu/ 

LV • Latvenergo 

http://www.latvenergo.lv 

MT • Enemalta 

http://www.enemalta.com.mt; 

NL • TenneT TSO B.V 

http://www.tennet.org 

NO • Statnett SF 

http://www.statnett.no 

PL • PSE-Operator S.A. 

http://www.pse-operator.pl 

PT • Rede Electrica Nacional S.A. 

http://www.ren.pt/ 

RO • TRANSELECTRICA 

http://www.transelectrica.ro/ 

SE • Svensk Energi Swedelec AB 

http://www.svenskenergi.se/ 

SI • Elektro-Slovenija d.o.o. 

http://www.eles.si 

SK • Union of Employers of Power Industry in Slovakia 

http://www.zzes.sk/ 

TR • Türkiye Elektrik -Iletim A.S. 

http://www.teias.gov.tr/

Union of the Electricity Industry - EURELECTRIC aisbl 

Boulevard de l’Impératrice, 66 - bte 2 

B - 1000 Brussels • Belgium 

Tel: + 32 2 515 10 00 • Fax: + 32 2 515 10 10 

VAT: BE 0462 679 112 • www.eurelectric.org

37TH EDITION EURPROG 2009 - Eurelectric

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?