17 2/5/08 - 3:30 PM LESSON 2 GRAMMAR Sogdian has 6 cases ...

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AN INTRODUCTION TO MANICHEAN SOGDIAN Consonant declensions. Heavy stems Singular Plural masculine feminine masculine-feminine dir. - - -t voc. -, -a *-e *-te obl. -ī -ī -tī numerative - -, -é Note: The vocative ending -a is borrowed from the light stems. Vocalic declensions Singular Plural masculine feminine masculine feminine dir. -ē -ā -ēt -ēt voc. -ā ? ? ? obl. -ē -ē -ētī -ētī Numerative -ē Notes: The endings of this declension are the result of vowel contractions after the loss of an intervocalic k, e.g., sing. nom. masc. -ē
LESSON 2 Consonant declensions. Heavy stems Singular masculine feminine dir. mēѳ žəwān voc. martiya strīče obl. mēѳī žəwānī Numerative mēѳ žəwān , žəwāne Plural masculine feminine dir. mēѳət žəwānd voc. martīte δuγdárte obl. mēѳtī žəwāndī The actual pronunciation of the forms of stems such as martiy/martī “man” is not know, but it is probable that the sing. obl. was contracted: martiyī/martī’ī > martī. Vocalic declensions Singular masculine feminine dir. murtē xānā voc. murtā ? obl. murtē xānē Numerative murtē Plural masculine feminine dir. murtēt xānēt voc. ? ? obl. murtētī xānētī Note: The abstract fem. nouns in -yā are usually invariable, but occasionally the ending -ī (-yī) of the obl. sing. may be attached to the nom. of such nouns, e.g., ək ə tyā “act, deed,” obl. əktyāyī ; γərβākyā “knowledge,” obl. γərβākyā’ī . PRONOUNS. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. The most common pronoun is xō (xu) “that,” which also functions as definite article. The forms below are those of xō when used as the article. For the pronoun “that” see lesson 4. We do not know what the quantity of the final vowels were: xō or xu; xā or xa, etc. In Sogdian script the article is ’xw or ’x, which perhaps points to a short vowel. Note that, since the plural of nouns is formally a feminine singular, the plural of the article is identical with the feminine singular. The forms in square brackets are found occasionally. masc. fem. = plur. masc.-fem. Sing. nom. xō xā [xō ] acc. (ə)wu [xō ] wa [xā , wu ] gen.-dat. uné, winé uya , wī instr.-abl. -n , -wn uné, winé , -n , -wn loc. uya , wī = gen.-dat. 19 2/5/08 - 3:30 PM
Page 1: GRAMMAR NOUN DECLENSION. LESSON 2 S
Page 5 and 6: LESSON 2 4. Translate into Sogdian

17 2/5/08 - 3:30 PM LESSON 2 GRAMMAR Sogdian has 6 cases ...

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