VIRGIN FORESTS AND FOREST RESERVES IN ... - Natura 2000

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20 The Forests of Croatia - Country Report Today, 746 facilities in Croatia are under protection, of which 322 are protected areas covering 447,197.17 ha, or 7.3% of the total surface area of the Republic. Protected facilities are divided into ten protective categories. Their number and area are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Protected categories in the Republic of Croatia Category Number Area (ha) Strict reserves 2 2,395.35 National parks 7 69,420.00 Nature parks 6 317,502.00 Special reserves 70 (forests: 32) 31,680.09 Park forests 23 7,659.91 Significant landscapes 28 17,544.52 <strong>Natura</strong>l monuments 72 82.87 Architectural park monuments 114 912.43 Animal species 380 - Plant species 44 - Total 746 447,197.17 Apart from legally protected natural facilities, there is also a category of protective forests covering an area of 99,412.00 ha. These forests are excluded from regular management due to their multipurpose protective functions. They provide protection against erosions, avalanches, and winds, as well as protection of forest roads, special facilities or areas, etc. CLASSIFICATION OF <strong>FOREST</strong> PROTECTION AREAS In Croatia there are ten categories of nature protection. The Law prescribes activities to be carried out in each of these categories, management practices, proclamation of new categories, methods of protection, compensation for damage, surveillance and punitive measures. Strict reserves are areas in which nature is either unaltered or only slightly altered by human activity. All activities and practices of harmful nature are strictly prohibited. Strict reserves in Croatia are Hajdučki and Rožanski kukovi, and Bijele and Samarske stijene. National parks are large areas with special natural, scientific, educational, aesthetic, tourist and recreational values, and comprise one or more preserved or slightly altered ecosystems. Activities which do not endanger authentic plant and animal world, those that do not harm hydrographic, geomorphological, geological, and landscape values, and those which maintain or establish natural balance are allowed. There are 7 national parks in Croatia: the Plitvice Lakes (Plitvička jezera), Paklenica, Risnjak, the Island of Mljet, the Kornati Archipelago, the Brijuni Islands, and the River Krka. The first national park, proclaimed in 1949, was the Plitvice Lakes. The Society for the Enhancement of the Beauty of Plitvice Lakes was founded in 1893, and proposed that Plitvice Lakes be proclaimed a national park as early as in 1914. Nature park is a spacious uncultivated or partly cultivated area with distinct ecological, aesthetic, tourist and recreational values. Activities which do not endanger the basic features and functions of the park are allowed. The 6 nature parks in Croatia are: Kopački rit,
COST Action E4: Forest Reserves Research Network 21 Medvednica, Velebit, Biokovo, Telašćica, and Lonjsko polje. Mount Velebit is the most important mountain in Croatia in terms of its relief and vegetation. The UNESCO proclaimed Mount Velebit a world biosphere reserve in 1978. Park forest is a natural or planted forest of high landscape value intended for rest and recreation. Activities concerned with its conservation and regulation are allowed. Significant landscape is a natural or cultivated area of high aesthetic or cultural-historical values, or an area featuring a characteristic landscape. Activities harming the features for which the area was proclaimed a significant landscape are not allowed. Monument of nature is an individual item or a collection of items in their authentic form belonging to live or still nature having scientific, aesthetic or cultural-historical value. Architectural park monument is a specially designed area (park, botanical garden, arboretum, city park, avenue, an individual or a group of trees, and other forms of garden and park design) of aesthetic, stylistic, artistic, cultural-historical or scientific value. Endangered or rare plant and animal species are protected by the State. All activities which might disturb or interfere with the natural life and development of protected species are forbidden. Special reserve is an area with one or more distinct nature elements (plant and animal species, their communities, relief, water), which have scientific importance and purpose. Special reserves can include: forest vegetation, and botanical, zoological, geological and other features. Activities which might harm the features for which an area was proclaimed a special reserve are not allowed. There are 70 special reserves in all, of which 32 are the reserves of forest vegetation. (See Table 2 on the next page.) The best preserved forests in Croatia are virgin forests of beech and fir (Abieti Fagetum illyricum Hor. 1938), occurring in several places in the Dinaric range. The best known are Čorkova uvala in the National Park of Plitvice Lakes, Devčića tavani, Štirovača, and Klepina duliba in north Velebit, Javorov kal in the National Park of Risnjak, and Velika Plješivica on the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. Of lowland forests, a virgin forest of pedunculate oak and common hornbeam (Carpino betuli Quercetum roboris Rauš 1971), and a Slavonian forest of pedunculate oak and greenweed with remote sedge (Genisto elatae Quercetum roboris caricetosum remotae Ht. 1938) are protected in Prašnik near Okučani. Virgin forests of beech inhabit the localities of Ramino korito, on south Velebit and in Muški bunar on Psunj. These are stands of mountain forests of beech and mountain forests of beech with sessile oak (Lamio orvale Fagetum sylvaticae Ht. 1938).
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VIRGIN FORESTS AND FOREST RESERVES IN ... - Natura 2000

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