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Conducting Educational Research

Caroll

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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />

8. Analyzing Data: Inferential Statistics .......................................................... 155<br />

x<br />

Chapter Overview............................................................................................ 155<br />

Introduction ..................................................................................................... 155<br />

Chance and the Normal Distribution ............................................................... 156<br />

Comparing Group Means with a T-Test .......................................................... 159<br />

Hypothesis Testing and Errors .................................................................... 161<br />

One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests............................................................... 162<br />

Conservative Calculations........................................................................... 164<br />

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)...................................................................... 166<br />

Practical Significance ...................................................................................... 168<br />

Chi Square ....................................................................................................... 169<br />

Next Steps........................................................................................................ 172<br />

Chapter Self-Check.......................................................................................... 172<br />

Chapter Review Questions .............................................................................. 172<br />

References ....................................................................................................... 173<br />

9. Quantitative Study Designs........................................................................... 175<br />

Chapter Overview............................................................................................ 175<br />

Introduction ..................................................................................................... 175<br />

Quantitative Study Designs ............................................................................. 175<br />

Study Types in which there is Usually no Intervention (Descriptive and<br />

Correlations) .................................................................................................... 178<br />

Descriptive Study........................................................................................ 178<br />

Correlational Study ..................................................................................... 178<br />

Multiple Regression Analysis ..................................................................... 179<br />

Factor Analysis ........................................................................................... 179<br />

Study Types that Measure the Impact of an Intervention (Comparison of<br />

Group Means).................................................................................................. 180<br />

Single Group Pre/Posttest ........................................................................... 180<br />

Two Groups Posttest Only .......................................................................... 181

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