(TAP TO BEGIN) - HMX Earth Science
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LANDSCAPES<br />
(<strong>TAP</strong> <strong>TO</strong> <strong>BEGIN</strong>)
The land surfaces of the <strong>Earth</strong> are generally<br />
categorized in to one of three landscape types.<br />
Tap on each button to learn about that landscape.<br />
MOUNTAINS PLATEAUS PLAINS<br />
HOME
The land surfaces of the <strong>Earth</strong> are generally<br />
categorized in to one of three landscape types.<br />
Tap on each button to learn about that landscape.<br />
MOUNTAINS PLATEAUS PLAINS<br />
HOME<br />
CONTINUE
Mountain Landscapes<br />
High elevation<br />
Lots of relief (changes in altitude)<br />
Deformed bedrock (folded, faulted tilted)<br />
SEE A PHO<strong>TO</strong>
BACK <strong>TO</strong> LANDSCAPES
Plateau Landscapes<br />
High elevation<br />
Very little relief (fairly flat)<br />
Horizontal bedrock (flat layers)<br />
SEE A PHO<strong>TO</strong>
BACK <strong>TO</strong> LANDSCAPES
Plains Landscapes<br />
Low elevation<br />
Very little relief (fairly flat)<br />
Horizontal bedrock (flat layers)<br />
SEE A PHO<strong>TO</strong>
BACK <strong>TO</strong> LANDSCAPES
All Landscapes are shaped by the local climate.<br />
Humid Climates<br />
• Precipitation feeds streams<br />
which rounds the land surface<br />
• Well developed soils<br />
• Significant vegetation<br />
HOME<br />
Arid Climates<br />
• Rocks are affected by abrasion,<br />
leaving steep, jagged cliffs<br />
• Small amounts of sandy, dry soils<br />
• Minimal vegetation
Landscape produced by a<br />
HUMID CLIMATE<br />
HOME
Landscape produced by a<br />
HUMID CLIMATE<br />
HOME
Landscape produced by an<br />
ARID CLIMATE<br />
HOME
Landscape produced by an<br />
ARID CLIMATE<br />
HOME
The shape of a landscape<br />
determines the way in which<br />
streams and rivers will flow<br />
over the surface.<br />
The patterns of rivers are<br />
called drainage patterns.<br />
HOME
Common Drainage Patterns<br />
HOME
To determine the drainage pattern for a region,<br />
simply match up the streams with the shape of<br />
the landscape. Keep in mind, streams flow<br />
downhill in the lowest areas possible.<br />
HOME
New York State has all three<br />
types of landscapes:<br />
Plains, Plateaus, and Mountains<br />
These can be seen on your ESRT, page 2.<br />
HOME
Often times, we will use both NY state maps together.<br />
Click on the images below to see the full size maps.<br />
Use them to fill in the table in your lab.<br />
Physical Setting/<strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong> Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 2<br />
Lake Erie<br />
Interior Lowlands<br />
Appalachian Plateau (Uplands)<br />
Generalized Landscape Regions of New York State<br />
Grenville Province<br />
(Highlands)<br />
Lake Ontario<br />
Erie-Ontario Lowlands<br />
(Plains)<br />
Key<br />
Allegheny Plateau<br />
Interior<br />
Lowlands<br />
Tug Hill<br />
Plateau<br />
Major geographic province boundary<br />
Landscape region boundary<br />
State boundary<br />
International boundary<br />
St. Lawrence Lowlands<br />
Adirondack<br />
Mountains<br />
The Catskills<br />
Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands<br />
Newark<br />
Lowlands<br />
Champlain Lowlands<br />
Taconic Mountains<br />
New England Province<br />
(Highlands)<br />
Hudson Highlands<br />
Manhattan Prong<br />
Atlantic Coastal Plain<br />
Miles<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50<br />
0 20 40 60 80<br />
Kilometers<br />
N<br />
W E<br />
S<br />
Physical Setting/<strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong> Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 3<br />
HOME<br />
Generalized Bedrock Geology of New York State<br />
42°<br />
43°<br />
elevation 175 m<br />
LAKE<br />
ERIE<br />
LAKE ONTARIO<br />
79° 78° 77°<br />
JAMES<strong>TO</strong>WN<br />
79°<br />
NIAGARA FALLS<br />
Niagara River<br />
modified from<br />
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<br />
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM<br />
1989<br />
BUFFALO<br />
elevation 75 m<br />
Genesee River<br />
ROCHESTER<br />
GEOLOGIC PERIODS AND ERAS IN NEW YORK<br />
ELMIRA<br />
44°<br />
OSWEGO<br />
FINGER LAKES<br />
ITHACA<br />
76°<br />
SYRACUSE<br />
WATER<strong>TO</strong>WN<br />
BINGHAM<strong>TO</strong>N<br />
Susquehanna<br />
78°<br />
77°<br />
P E N N S Y L V A N I A<br />
76°<br />
CRETACEOUS and PLEIS<strong>TO</strong>CENE (Epoch) weakly consolidated to unconsolidated gravels, sands, and clays<br />
LATE TRIASSIC and EARLY JURASSIC conglomerates, red sandstones, red shales, basalt, and diabase (Palisades sill)<br />
PENNSYLVANIAN and MISSISSIPPIAN conglomerates, sandstones, and shales<br />
}<br />
}<br />
DEVONIAN limestones, shales, sandstones, and conglomerates<br />
SILURIAN SILURIAN also contains salt, gypsum, and hematite.<br />
ORDOVICIAN<br />
CAMBRIAN<br />
limestones, shales, sandstones, and dolostones<br />
CAMBRIAN and EARLY ORDOVICIAN sandstones and dolostones<br />
moderately to intensely metamorphosed east of the Hudson River<br />
CAMBRIAN and ORDOVICIAN (undifferentiated) quartzites, dolostones, marbles, and schists<br />
intensely metamorphosed; includes portions of the Taconic Sequence and Cortlandt Complex<br />
TACONIC SEQUENCE sandstones, shales, and slates<br />
slightly to intensely metamorphosed rocks of CAMBRIAN through MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ages<br />
MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC gneisses, quartzites, and marbles<br />
Lines are generalized structure trends.<br />
MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC anorthositic rocks<br />
St. Lawrence River<br />
} }<br />
}<br />
River<br />
75° 74°<br />
45°<br />
UTICA<br />
MASSENA<br />
OLD FORGE<br />
Delaware River<br />
Dominantly<br />
sedimentary<br />
origin<br />
75°<br />
Dominantly<br />
metamorphosed<br />
rocks<br />
SLIDE MT.<br />
MT. MARCY<br />
River<br />
Mohawk River<br />
Hudson<br />
KINGS<strong>TO</strong>N<br />
NEW JERSEY<br />
ALBANY<br />
41°<br />
Hudson<br />
NEW YORK<br />
CITY<br />
74°<br />
Intensely metamorphosed rocks<br />
(regional metamorphism about 1,000 m.y.a.)<br />
River<br />
44°<br />
42°<br />
73°30'<br />
73° 45°<br />
PLATTSBURGH<br />
LAKE<br />
CHAMPLAIN<br />
VERMONT<br />
43°<br />
MASSACHUSETTS<br />
CONNECTICUT<br />
LONG ISLAND<br />
73°<br />
41°<br />
RIVERHEAD<br />
LONG ISLAND SOUND<br />
73° 40°30'<br />
41°<br />
72°<br />
ATLANTIC OCEAN<br />
Miles<br />
Miles<br />
N<br />
0<br />
0 10 20 30 40<br />
10 20 30 40 50<br />
50<br />
0<br />
0 20 40 60<br />
20 40 60 80<br />
Kilometers<br />
Kilometers<br />
W<br />
80<br />
S<br />
E
Often times, we will use both NY state maps together.<br />
Click on the images below to see the full size maps.<br />
Use them to fill in the table in your lab.<br />
Physical Setting/<strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong> Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 2<br />
Lake Erie<br />
Interior Lowlands<br />
Appalachian Plateau (Uplands)<br />
Generalized Landscape Regions of New York State<br />
Grenville Province<br />
(Highlands)<br />
Lake Ontario<br />
Erie-Ontario Lowlands<br />
(Plains)<br />
Key<br />
Allegheny Plateau<br />
Interior<br />
Lowlands<br />
Tug Hill<br />
Plateau<br />
Major geographic province boundary<br />
Landscape region boundary<br />
State boundary<br />
International boundary<br />
St. Lawrence Lowlands<br />
Adirondack<br />
Mountains<br />
The Catskills<br />
Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands<br />
Newark<br />
Lowlands<br />
Champlain Lowlands<br />
Taconic Mountains<br />
New England Province<br />
(Highlands)<br />
Hudson Highlands<br />
Manhattan Prong<br />
Atlantic Coastal Plain<br />
Miles<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50<br />
0 20 40 60 80<br />
Kilometers<br />
N<br />
W E<br />
S<br />
Physical Setting/<strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong> Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 3<br />
HOME<br />
Generalized Bedrock Geology of New York State<br />
42°<br />
43°<br />
elevation 175 m<br />
LAKE<br />
ERIE<br />
LAKE ONTARIO<br />
79° 78° 77°<br />
JAMES<strong>TO</strong>WN<br />
79°<br />
NIAGARA FALLS<br />
Niagara River<br />
modified from<br />
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<br />
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM<br />
1989<br />
BUFFALO<br />
elevation 75 m<br />
Genesee River<br />
ROCHESTER<br />
GEOLOGIC PERIODS AND ERAS IN NEW YORK<br />
ELMIRA<br />
44°<br />
OSWEGO<br />
FINGER LAKES<br />
ITHACA<br />
76°<br />
SYRACUSE<br />
WATER<strong>TO</strong>WN<br />
BINGHAM<strong>TO</strong>N<br />
Susquehanna<br />
78°<br />
77°<br />
P E N N S Y L V A N I A<br />
76°<br />
CRETACEOUS and PLEIS<strong>TO</strong>CENE (Epoch) weakly consolidated to unconsolidated gravels, sands, and clays<br />
LATE TRIASSIC and EARLY JURASSIC conglomerates, red sandstones, red shales, basalt, and diabase (Palisades sill)<br />
PENNSYLVANIAN and MISSISSIPPIAN conglomerates, sandstones, and shales<br />
}<br />
}<br />
DEVONIAN limestones, shales, sandstones, and conglomerates<br />
SILURIAN SILURIAN also contains salt, gypsum, and hematite.<br />
ORDOVICIAN<br />
CAMBRIAN<br />
limestones, shales, sandstones, and dolostones<br />
CAMBRIAN and EARLY ORDOVICIAN sandstones and dolostones<br />
moderately to intensely metamorphosed east of the Hudson River<br />
CAMBRIAN and ORDOVICIAN (undifferentiated) quartzites, dolostones, marbles, and schists<br />
intensely metamorphosed; includes portions of the Taconic Sequence and Cortlandt Complex<br />
TACONIC SEQUENCE sandstones, shales, and slates<br />
slightly to intensely metamorphosed rocks of CAMBRIAN through MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ages<br />
MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC gneisses, quartzites, and marbles<br />
Lines are generalized structure trends.<br />
MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC anorthositic rocks<br />
St. Lawrence River<br />
} }<br />
}<br />
River<br />
75° 74°<br />
45°<br />
UTICA<br />
MASSENA<br />
OLD FORGE<br />
Delaware River<br />
Dominantly<br />
sedimentary<br />
origin<br />
75°<br />
Dominantly<br />
metamorphosed<br />
rocks<br />
SLIDE MT.<br />
MT. MARCY<br />
River<br />
Mohawk River<br />
Hudson<br />
KINGS<strong>TO</strong>N<br />
NEW JERSEY<br />
ALBANY<br />
41°<br />
Hudson<br />
NEW YORK<br />
CITY<br />
74°<br />
Intensely metamorphosed rocks<br />
(regional metamorphism about 1,000 m.y.a.)<br />
River<br />
44°<br />
42°<br />
73°30'<br />
73° 45°<br />
PLATTSBURGH<br />
LAKE<br />
CHAMPLAIN<br />
VERMONT<br />
43°<br />
MASSACHUSETTS<br />
CONNECTICUT<br />
LONG ISLAND<br />
73°<br />
41°<br />
RIVERHEAD<br />
LONG ISLAND SOUND<br />
73° 40°30'<br />
41°<br />
72°<br />
ATLANTIC OCEAN<br />
Miles<br />
Miles<br />
N<br />
0<br />
0 10 20 30 40<br />
10 20 30 40 50<br />
50<br />
0<br />
0 20 40 60<br />
20 40 60 80<br />
Kilometers<br />
Kilometers<br />
W<br />
80<br />
S<br />
E
Physical Setting/<strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong> Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 2<br />
Lake Erie<br />
BACK <strong>TO</strong> ESRTs<br />
Interior Lowlands<br />
Appalachian Plateau (Uplands)<br />
Generalized Landscape Regions of New York State<br />
Grenville Province<br />
(Highlands)<br />
Lake Ontario<br />
Erie-Ontario Lowlands<br />
(Plains)<br />
Key<br />
Allegheny Plateau<br />
Interior<br />
Lowlands<br />
Tug Hill<br />
Plateau<br />
Major geographic province boundary<br />
Landscape region boundary<br />
State boundary<br />
International boundary<br />
St. Lawrence Lowlands<br />
Adirondack<br />
Mountains<br />
The Catskills<br />
Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands<br />
Newark<br />
Lowlands<br />
Champlain Lowlands<br />
Taconic Mountains<br />
New England Province<br />
(Highlands)<br />
Hudson Highlands<br />
Manhattan Prong<br />
Atlantic Coastal Plain<br />
Miles<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50<br />
0 20 40 60 80<br />
Kilometers<br />
N<br />
W E<br />
S
Physical Setting/<strong>Earth</strong> <strong>Science</strong> Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 3<br />
Generalized Bedrock Geology of New York State<br />
42°<br />
43°<br />
elevation 175 m<br />
LAKE<br />
ERIE<br />
LAKE ONTARIO<br />
79° 78° 77°<br />
JAMES<strong>TO</strong>WN<br />
79°<br />
NIAGARA FALLS<br />
Niagara River<br />
modified from<br />
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<br />
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM<br />
1989<br />
BUFFALO<br />
elevation 75 m<br />
Genesee River<br />
ROCHESTER<br />
ELMIRA<br />
44°<br />
OSWEGO<br />
FINGER LAKES<br />
ITHACA<br />
78°<br />
77°<br />
P E N N S Y L V A N I A<br />
76°<br />
SYRACUSE<br />
WATER<strong>TO</strong>WN<br />
BINGHAM<strong>TO</strong>N<br />
Susquehanna<br />
76°<br />
St. Lawrence River<br />
River<br />
75° 74°<br />
45°<br />
UTICA<br />
MASSENA<br />
OLD FORGE<br />
Delaware River<br />
SLIDE MT.<br />
MT. MARCY<br />
River<br />
Mohawk River<br />
Hudson<br />
KINGS<strong>TO</strong>N<br />
NEW JERSEY<br />
ALBANY<br />
GEOLOGIC PERIODS AND ERAS IN NEW YORK<br />
}<br />
75°<br />
CRETACEOUS and PLEIS<strong>TO</strong>CENE (Epoch) weakly consolidated to unconsolidated gravels, sands, and clays<br />
LATE TRIASSIC and EARLY JURASSIC conglomerates, red sandstones, red shales, basalt, and diabase (Palisades sill)<br />
PENNSYLVANIAN and MISSISSIPPIAN conglomerates, sandstones, and shales<br />
Dominantly<br />
DEVONIAN sedimentary<br />
limestones, shales, sandstones, and conglomerates<br />
41°<br />
SILURIAN } SILURIAN also contains salt, gypsum, and hematite.<br />
origin<br />
NEW YORK<br />
ORDOVICIAN<br />
CITY<br />
limestones, shales, sandstones, and dolostones<br />
CAMBRIAN }<br />
CAMBRIAN and EARLY ORDOVICIAN sandstones and dolostones<br />
}<br />
moderately to intensely metamorphosed east of the Hudson River<br />
Dominantly<br />
CAMBRIAN and ORDOVICIAN (undifferentiated) quartzites, dolostones, marbles, and schists<br />
metamorphosed<br />
74°<br />
intensely metamorphosed; includes portions of the Taconic Sequence and Cortlandt Complex<br />
TACONIC SEQUENCE sandstones, shales, and slates<br />
rocks<br />
slightly to intensely metamorphosed rocks of CAMBRIAN through MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ages<br />
MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC gneisses, quartzites, and marbles<br />
Lines are generalized structure trends.<br />
Intensely metamorphosed rocks<br />
MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC anorthositic rocks<br />
(regional metamorphism about 1,000 m.y.a.)<br />
BACK <strong>TO</strong> ESRTs<br />
}<br />
Hudson<br />
River<br />
44°<br />
42°<br />
73°30'<br />
73° 45°<br />
PLATTSBURGH<br />
LAKE<br />
CHAMPLAIN<br />
VERMONT<br />
43°<br />
MASSACHUSETTS<br />
CONNECTICUT<br />
73°<br />
41°<br />
LONG ISLAND SOUND<br />
LONG ISLAND<br />
RIVERHEAD<br />
40°30'<br />
73°<br />
41°<br />
72°<br />
ATLANTIC OCEAN<br />
0<br />
Miles<br />
Miles<br />
0 10 20 30 40<br />
10 20 30 40 50<br />
50<br />
0 20 40 60 80<br />
0 20 40 60 80<br />
Kilometers<br />
Kilometers<br />
N<br />
W E<br />
S
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