One archaeologist's midden is another's shell mound - vanessa ...

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3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Areal view of Lumatjpi Inlet showing the location of the nine sites in the inlet including BMB/116 and BMB/84 ( Google Earth 2009 and Alexander 2009). Survey sketch of BMB/116 site location prior to excavation (Clarke 2003). Cross‐section of BMB/116 (Clarke and Faulkner 2003: 72). Contour plan of BMB/116 (Clarke and Faulkner 2003:72). Location of quartzite artefacts across the Point Blane peninsula, with two km (thin line) and four km (thick line) radius intervals from quartzitic outcrop (Faulkner 2006:100). Stratigraphic profile of BMB/116, south section also showing approximate location of samples taken for radiocarbon dating (Clarke and Faulkner 2003:72). Shell mound on Point Blane peninsula (Photograph Clarke 2003) The West Point shell midden Tasmania excavated by Jones (1966) the site is 2.50m deep and dated 1,800‐1,200 BP. Two photographs of shell mound sites on the Point Blane peninsula illustrate the complexities of identifying sites in the field (Photographs Clarke 2003). A 7m high conical Anadara shell mound located on a laterite ridge approximately 1000m from the current coast at Hope Inlet near Darwin (Hiscock 2008:177). Shell mound located on the mudflats Point Blane peninsula (Photograph Clarke 2003). Hancock Ridge NT a hemi‐spherical mound, and second mound with two phase formation a hemi‐spherical lower mound & conical mound atop (Hiscock & Hughes 2001). Weipa QLD a conical Anadara mound (Irish 2009). Hope Inlet NT conical Anadara mound (Hiscock 2008:176). 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 64 66 67 74 77 77 77 8
4.9 4.10 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 6.2 Ballina NSW, Richmond River hemi‐spherical oyster mound (Statham 1892). Weipa 1958 Anadara mound photo from National Archives of Australia. Shell reference collection established for this study. Species were identified in excavated remains from BMB/116 Point Blane peninsula. Three typical bivalve shells all left halves, shown from the inner side. Note position on umbo used for calculating MNI. A Nerita s.p. gastropod with mouth area highlighted used for calculating MNI. Oyster lid and base both used for calculating MNI (The Australia Museum 2009). Profile of a typical eroded rocky foreshore in north‐western Australia showing the different levels at which various species of molluscs live (Wilson 2008:19). Diagram of a typical Australia estuarine tidal zone, illustrating context of the mangrove environment found in the Lumatjpi inlet (Australian Government, Geosciences Australia 2009). 77 78 81 83 84 84 93 105 9
Page 1 and 2: One archaeologist’s midden is ano
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Con
Page 5 and 6: Minimum number if individuals (MNI)
Page 7: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Short Title
Page 11 and 12: 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Dominan
Page 13 and 14: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are three pe
Page 15 and 16: activities such as four wheel drivi
Page 17 and 18: To resolve the inconsistent and pot
Page 19 and 20: demonstrates the need for both revi
Page 21 and 22: forms a context for viewing the Blu
Page 23 and 24: species, site form variation, sea l
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.1 Research themes in Austra
Page 27 and 28: identification. The model also expl
Page 29 and 30: Hope Inlet is a small nearly infill
Page 31 and 32: 1999:195). In the 1930s the excavat
Page 33 and 34: found were identified as beaches, r
Page 35 and 36: transgression. These early shell mi
Page 37 and 38: ecorded a wide range of site types.
Page 39 and 40: shell mounds should not be consider
Page 41 and 42: Location The case study site BMB/11
Page 43 and 44: from dry, gusty thunderstorms (Bure
Page 45 and 46: formed following stabilization of s
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.7: The hydrology of the Po
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.2: Main vegetation units fo
Page 51 and 52: Fauna The range of faunal species r
Page 53 and 54: crab, small hermit crab. Marine Fis
Page 55 and 56: the cross section (Figure 3.11) and
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.13: Location of quartzite
Page 59 and 60:
Conclusion In summary the Point Bla
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My first aim is to review shell mou
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Figure 4.2: West Point shell midden
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food consumed at the site. Shell mi
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mounds. The range of dominate speci
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as a) the all same site type, or b)
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defined in the Oxford Dictionary (1
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Figure 4.5: Shell mound located on
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this will form the basis of the Fie
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Figure 4.6 a geomorphic diagram has
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Chapter 5 Research Methodology Intr
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The bagged material from the 6mm si
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Oysters were sorted into lids, base
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Secondly species diversity informs
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The limitations of this method are
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CHAPTER 6 BMB/116: Results of analy
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Table 6.2 Identified shell fish spe
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Dominant species The dominant speci
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Table 6.5 %Weight and % MNI of shel
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Table 6.7 Taxon Common name Specifi
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• The largest quantity of shell w
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• Radiocarbon dating suggests sit
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Figure 3.14). The consistent patter
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The increase in the deposition of r
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• In contrast, the results of the
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material for shell mound sites reco
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habitat, provided useful data for t
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This chapter presents the major con
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peninsula. Further, the implication
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mound sites has resolved these diff
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Location Location geograph y Weipa
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Clybucca Andersons Inlet (Register
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Term Reference Source Shell matrix
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Appendix 1.3 Shell midden & mound s
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Australia additional site sizes by
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BLUE MUD BAY PROJECT: SHELLFISH ANA
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Appendix 2.2 Laboratory recording f
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Appendix 2.3 Recording form mound f
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Calculated sediment weight Page 2 M
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Appendix 4 .1 Laboratory recorded d
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12 9,500.00 1,000.0 0 Tot 121,000.
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wgt Dom shell MNI 2nd dom shell sp
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Appendix 6.1 Shellfish frequency an
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Appendix 7.1 Criteria for assessing
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Appendix 8.1 Point Blane peninsula
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Smallest mound BMB/48 52.70 14.30 0
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Appendix 9.1 Field recording form f
Page 177 and 178:
Irregular Profile Cross section Con
Page 179 and 180:
References Cited Attenbrow, V. 1992
Page 181 and 182:
Burns, T. 1994 ‘Mound over matter
Page 183 and 184:
Harrison, R. 2009 The archeology of
Page 185 and 186:
Unit (ANU). Roth, W. E. 1901 Food,
Page 187:
Golson (eds.), Aboriginal Man and E
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