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Tableaux Vivants and Triviality 175
•"Brockhaus, Conversations-Lexikon. Allgemeine deutsche Real-Encyklopddie fiir die
gebildeten Stande. 15 vols. 9th ed. (Leipzig: Brockhaus,1843-1848): 14: 72. See also Langen,
"Attitude und Tableau," 234-35.
'"'Holmstrom, Monodrama, attitudes, tableaux vivants, 216-27, 226.
'"By the mid-1800s, large guidebooks to tableaux production were available, explaining
the requisites for individual scenes as well as their cultural significance. See Edmund Wallner,
Eintausend Sujets zu lebenden Bildem. Ein Verzeichnifi von mehr als 1000 kleineren wie grofieren
Genrebildem, historischen Gruppen und biblischen Tableaux. (Erfurt: Er. Bartholomaus,
n.y.) and E. Sedouard, Das Buch der lebenden Biider. Mit begleitenden Versen zu jedem der
lebenden Biider sowie genauer Angabe der Stellung der Personen und Stellungsplanen fUr grossere
Gruppenbilder. (Berlin: Blochs Theater-Buchhandlung, 1890).
•"Holmstrom, Monodrama, Attitudes, Tableaux Vivants, 209. Jooss, Lebende Biider,
218-19.
••^Margaret H. Ward, "Ehe und Entsagung: Eanny Lewald's Early Novels and Goethe's
Literary Paternity." Women in German Yearbook 2 (1986): 61. See also Kolbe, Goethes "Wahlverwandtschaften,
" 81 - 85.
"'See the arguments of Burger, Leben schreiben, 64-65, and Ward, "Ehe und Entsagung,"
63. Analyses of Lewald's narrative strategies in her autobiography, which stress this kind of variation,
are also worth reading in this context. See Ruth-Ellen Boetcher Joeres, Respectability and
Deviance: Nineteenth-Century German Women Writers and the Ambiguity of Representation.
(Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998): 91-100. Robert C. Euhrmann, "Masculine Eorm/Eeminine
Writing: The Autobiography of Fanny Lewald." Transforming the Center, Eroding the Margins:
Essays on Ethnic and Cultural Boundaries in German-Speaking Countries. Eds. Dagmar C.G.
Lorenz and Renate S. Posthofen. (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 1998): 104-05. Katherine R.
Goodman, Dis/Closures: Women's Autobiography in Germany Between 1790 and 1914. (New
York: Peter Lang, 1986): 149.
*'Burger, Leben schreiben, 36.
'^Btirger, Leben schreiben, 36. Jooss, Lebende Biider, 234-38.
''Jooss' reading goes farther in appreciating how Schopenhauer was not deploying tableaux
merely to contrast Gabriele and Aurelie (234-35).
'••Langen notes the use of attitudes in educating young girls, but claims this is neither
new nor noteworthy (247). In this context, Jooss refers to the attitudes without analyzing them
(234-35).
''Johanna Schopenhauer, Gabriele. 3 vols. (Eschborn: D. Klotz, 2000). Rpt. of Johanna
Schopenhauer, Samtliche Schriften vols. 7-9. (Wien: Ch. Fr. Schade, 1825). Orthography follows
from facsimile of 1825 edition, which paginates each book separately. In what follows,
GI, G2, and G3 refer parenthetically to the respective books, followed by page numbers. Cited
here: GI: 30-31.
""Jooss, Lebende Biider, 97.
"Holmstrom, Monodrama, Attitudes, Tableaux Vivants 223. Jooss, Lebende Biider, 94.
'* Jooss, Lebende Biider, 94.
''Katherine R. Goodman, "Johanna Schopenhauer (1766-1838), or Pride and Resignation."
Out of Line / Ausgefallen: The Paradox of Marginality in the Writings of Nineteenth-
Century German Women. Eds. Ruth-Ellen Boetcher Joeres and Marianne Burkhard. (Amsterdam:
Rodopi, 1989): 188. As Norbert Miller points out, Genlis's practices were widely publicized in
Europe. Miller, "MutmaBungen," 114.
"'Goodman, "Schopenhauer," 192.
'^'Only in her diary does Gabriele begin to examine her emotional state, however, the
trope also surfaces there (GI: 102, 103, 106). Even in the diary, Gabriele cannot dispel her confusion
and the diary is then abandoned (GI: 117). Though Gabriele's "weak spark of life" might
have contributed to Gabriele's silence, as Anna Richards argues, her attitudes-based education
compounds and reinforces that tendency ("Suffering, Silence, and the Female Voice in German
Fiction around 1800." Women in German Yearbook 18 [2002]: 97).
''^Burger hkewise points to overdetermination as a key component of Schopenhauer's
narrative strategy (71—72).
''•'See the diary entry on GI: 102 for an exemplary expression of this point.