Extreme Dry Management and Planning Toolkit - Federated Farmers
Extreme Dry Management and Planning Toolkit - Federated Farmers
Extreme Dry Management and Planning Toolkit - Federated Farmers
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COPING WITH STRESS<br />
ON THE FARM?<br />
THIS PAMPHLET CONTAINS SOME GENERAL INFORMATION<br />
ABOUT STRESS AND ITS MANAGEMENT. MEDICAL ADVICE<br />
SHOULD BE SOUGHT FROM YOUR DOCTOR.<br />
<br />
The farming community face stressors that townies<br />
don’t…weather doesn’t do what it needs to, the<br />
unpredictability of working with animals, never-ending<br />
farm work to be done, seasonal employment, unfair or unequal<br />
returns for investment <strong>and</strong> effort, too much responsibility<br />
<strong>and</strong>/or too much uncertainty to mention a few. It is easy to let<br />
it seriously get to you.<br />
If you or someone you know frequently feels frazzled or<br />
overwhelmed, you can help protect yourself <strong>and</strong> others<br />
from the stresses farm life throws at you by learning how to<br />
recognise the symptoms of stress <strong>and</strong> taking steps to reduce<br />
<strong>and</strong> manage it.<br />
WHAT IS STRESS?<br />
Stress is a normal physical response to changes or events that<br />
make you feel threatened or upset. When you sense danger<br />
– whether it’s real or imagined – the body’s natural defences<br />
automatically kick into high gear; this is known as a “fight or<br />
flight” reaction, or stress response. It’s the body’s way of<br />
protecting you from harm.<br />
This response helps you to stay focused, energetic, <strong>and</strong> alert,<br />
improving your ability to respond intuitively to a situation, for<br />
example, being able to slam on your brakes to avoid an accident<br />
or keeping you on your toes when you are kicking a gamewinning<br />
conversion.<br />
The danger lies in too much stress or stress over a long time.<br />
Beyond a certain point, stress stops being helpful <strong>and</strong> starts<br />
causing major damage to your health, your mood, your<br />
productivity, your relationships, <strong>and</strong> the quality of your life.<br />
Everyone experiences <strong>and</strong> deals with stress in different ways.
WHAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO STRESS?<br />
In the rural workplace, the things that can cause stress include:<br />
• Weather not doing what is needed.<br />
• Time pressures, “too much work, too little time” (especially<br />
during calving, shearing, silage, cropping).<br />
• Financial pressures <strong>and</strong> uncertain incomes (for example,<br />
paying the mortgage, supporting children, buying property<br />
or shares, buying stock or feed, managing staff).<br />
• Unfair <strong>and</strong>/or unequal returns in the market.<br />
• Rising costs <strong>and</strong> lack of support from being geographically<br />
isolated (for example, education, health care, transport,<br />
communications, social services).<br />
• Relationship issues with boss, staff, neighbours, <strong>and</strong> family.<br />
• Long hours, shift work.<br />
• Having unclear roles <strong>and</strong> responsibilities, a promotion with<br />
more responsibility.<br />
• Complicated or unpleasant tasks, poor training.<br />
• Feeling isolated or undervalued.<br />
• Bullying or harassment.<br />
• Physical environment (for example, noise, dirt, dangers,<br />
poor equipment, working in bad weather, difficult animals).<br />
• Juggling work <strong>and</strong> home life.<br />
• Technology – it can be so frustrating <strong>and</strong> stressful, especially<br />
if it breaks down.<br />
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE WARNING<br />
SIGNS OF STRESS?<br />
Every person has a different reaction to stress, here are some of<br />
the more common warning signs that its time to manage your<br />
stress <strong>and</strong> consider getting help:<br />
• Loss of enjoyment <strong>and</strong> interest in activities usually enjoyed.<br />
• Loss of energy <strong>and</strong> constant tiredness.<br />
• Persistent worrying about little things.<br />
• Changes in sleeping patterns: sleeping difficulties despite<br />
physical exhaustion, or sometimes sleeping too much.<br />
• Indigestion or stomach upsets.<br />
• Muscle tension <strong>and</strong> pains (for example, lower back, chest,<br />
shoulders, joints, nervous ‘twitches’ or muscle spasms).<br />
• Skin itches or rashes for no apparent reason.<br />
• Frequent sickness (for example, cold, flu <strong>and</strong> stomach bugs).<br />
• Shortness of breath or shallow breathing.<br />
• Memory or concentration problems.<br />
• Doing risky or careless things (excessive drinking, gambling,<br />
drug use).<br />
• Continuous feelings of anxiousness <strong>and</strong> tension for no<br />
obvious reason.<br />
• Feeling irritable, impatient or teary with no apparent reason.<br />
• Finding it hard to make decisions <strong>and</strong> concentrate.<br />
• A sad mood that will not go away despite good things<br />
happening.<br />
• Loss of appetite or over-eating.<br />
• Isolation by avoiding people, places <strong>and</strong> events.
WHAT CAN YOU DO ABOUT STRESS?<br />
In some instances you may be able to remove the cause of<br />
stress. However, it is not always practical to change your<br />
workplace, where you live, or your relationships – but you can<br />
manage your body’s reaction to stress by learning new ways<br />
to manage or cope differently. Here are some ways to help<br />
manage stress:<br />
Talk about your worries: Spend time with someone you<br />
trust. Talk to a friend, partner, parents, counsellor or clergy.<br />
Limit your expectations: Be selective <strong>and</strong> use your energy to<br />
do the most important <strong>and</strong> achievable tasks. Set goals you can<br />
reach. Do not blame yourself if you don’t reach all your goals,<br />
these may be possible next time.<br />
Eat well: Eat a variety of fresh foods in a balanced diet. Some<br />
foods actually cause increased tension, for example, coffee, tea,<br />
chocolate, alcohol <strong>and</strong> soft drinks. These are foods we crave<br />
when we are stressed so be aware <strong>and</strong> try to limit your intake<br />
of them.<br />
Make time to exercise, take time out, <strong>and</strong> spend with<br />
family <strong>and</strong> friends: Make some time (3 times a week<br />
minimum) for exercise such as walking, swimming or<br />
something you enjoy. Give yourself a breather now <strong>and</strong> then.<br />
Get away from the farm for a few hours or a day. Spend time<br />
with family/whanau <strong>and</strong> friends or find ways of meeting new<br />
friends.<br />
Organise your work habits: Get up 5 or 10 minutes earlier<br />
so you don’t have to rush; break large projects down into more<br />
manageable smaller tasks. Spend 5 to 10 minutes at the end of<br />
the day preparing for the next day. This helps you gain control<br />
of your life.<br />
Solve problems: Try to find a solution to conflict; learn to be<br />
more assertive <strong>and</strong> say NO.<br />
Get sufficient sleep: To help sleep, take a walk in the evening,<br />
practise relaxation, make your bedroom a sleeping space only<br />
(remove the TV).<br />
Put fun <strong>and</strong> laughter in your life: This has proven to be<br />
good for health <strong>and</strong> it makes you feels good.<br />
If you or someone you know is experiencing high <strong>and</strong><br />
persistent levels of stress <strong>and</strong> would like further information<br />
or support, talk to your doctor about how you are feeling.<br />
Your doctor will let you know what options are available.<br />
<br />
INFORMATION AND SUPPORT<br />
Other avenues for information <strong>and</strong> support include:<br />
Depression information www.depression.org.nz<br />
Depression Helpline 0800 111 757<br />
Like Minds Information Line 0800 102 107<br />
Lifeline 0800 543 354<br />
Victim Support 0800 842 846<br />
Relationship Services 0800 735 283<br />
Youthline 0800 376 633<br />
The LowDown, for youth www.thelowdown.co.nz<br />
Mensline 0800 636 754<br />
Healthline 0800 611 116<br />
Alcohol Drug Helpline 0800 787 797<br />
Gambling Helpline 0800 654 655<br />
Rural Women New Zeal<strong>and</strong> 0800 256 467<br />
<strong>Federated</strong> <strong>Farmers</strong> 0800 FEDFARM<br />
(0800 327 646)<br />
If you or someone you know needs urgent help, call 111
RURAL SUPPORT TRUSTS<br />
Rural Support Trusts are a nationwide network which assists rural communities <strong>and</strong> individuals during <strong>and</strong> following adverse events such<br />
as floods <strong>and</strong> droughts. As well as this, a number of the trusts also provide their services in times of general hardship. The services that the<br />
trusts provide vary depending on funding <strong>and</strong> focus, but in general they offer co-ordination of an initial response to an event, help rural<br />
people decide business options, provide mentors or colleagues from rural backgrounds to talk to, act as advocates for financial assistance,<br />
advocate for assistance from Work <strong>and</strong> Income programmes (like welfare support), <strong>and</strong> provide stress management services. If the trust<br />
does not offer particular services themselves they will have contacts with appropriate individuals <strong>and</strong> organisations that can assist.<br />
Region Trusts Name Phone Contact Email<br />
Northl<strong>and</strong>/Rodney Northl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 09 430 0954 Helen Moodie helen.moodie@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz<br />
Waikato/Hauraki/ Waikato, Hauraki-Corom<strong>and</strong>el Rural 0800 787 254 Neil Bateup bateup@xtra.co.nz<br />
Corom<strong>and</strong>el<br />
Support Trust<br />
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Rural Support Charitable<br />
Trust<br />
07 533 3764 Derek Spratt spratty@netsmart.net.nz<br />
East Coast East Coast Rural Support Trust<br />
Gisborne 06 868 4840 David Scott treescapefarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Hawkes Bay 06 877 3930 Mike Barham md.ee.barham@xtra.co.nz<br />
Tararua 06 374 9862 Chris Southgate cwsouthgate@xtra.co.nz<br />
Wairarapa/ Upper Hutt 06 378 6895 Bruce Watkins hmebw@xtra.co.nz<br />
Taranaki Taranaki Rural Support Trust 06 757 3423 Harvey Leach taranaki@fedfarm.org.nz<br />
Ruapehu/Wanganui Ruapehu-Wanganui Rural Support Trust 07 893 8547 Lyn Neeson alyn@xtra.co.nz<br />
Manawatu/Rangitikei/ Manawatu/Rangitikei Rural Family<br />
06 329 6860 Margaret Millard millard@manawatu.gen.nz<br />
Kapiti<br />
Support Trust<br />
Marlborough/Nelson Top of the South Rural Support Trust 03 578 9923 Ian Blair ieblair@xtra.co.nz<br />
West Coast West Coast Rural Support Trust 027 4441 580 Ross Bishop rossbishop@xtra.co.nz<br />
North Canterbury North Canterbury Rural support Trust 03 318 1742 Dorothy Oakley spudfarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Mid Canterbury Mid-Canterbury Emergency Relief<br />
03 308 7594 or Allan Baird allan.baird@xtra.co.nz<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
0274 350 141<br />
South Canterbury South Canterbury Rural Assistance Trust 03 612 6367 David Hewson hewson@farmside.co.nz<br />
Otago Otago Adverse Support Trust 03 437 1544 or<br />
027 6596 800<br />
Andrea Ludemann <strong>and</strong>rea@banarachfarm.co.nz<br />
Southl<strong>and</strong> Southl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 027 431 8173 or<br />
03 207 2741<br />
Russell Falconer russell.f@sld.quik.co.nz<br />
027 222 4005 Janet Gregory Janet.gregory@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz
RURAL SUPPORT TRUSTS<br />
Rural Support Trusts are a nationwide network which assists rural communities <strong>and</strong> individuals during <strong>and</strong> following adverse events such<br />
as floods <strong>and</strong> droughts. As well as this, a number of the trusts also provide their services in times of general hardship. The services that the<br />
trusts provide vary depending on funding <strong>and</strong> focus, but in general they offer co-ordination of an initial response to an event, help rural<br />
people decide business options, provide mentors or colleagues from rural backgrounds to talk to, act as advocates for financial assistance,<br />
advocate for assistance from Work <strong>and</strong> Income programmes (like welfare support), <strong>and</strong> provide stress management services. If the trust<br />
does not offer particular services themselves they will have contacts with appropriate individuals <strong>and</strong> organisations that can assist.<br />
Region Trusts Name Phone Contact Email<br />
Northl<strong>and</strong>/Rodney Northl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 09 430 0954 Helen Moodie helen.moodie@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz<br />
Waikato/Hauraki/ Waikato, Hauraki-Corom<strong>and</strong>el Rural 0800 787 254 Neil Bateup bateup@xtra.co.nz<br />
Corom<strong>and</strong>el<br />
Support Trust<br />
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Rural Support Charitable<br />
Trust<br />
07 533 3764 Derek Spratt spratty@netsmart.net.nz<br />
East Coast East Coast Rural Support Trust<br />
Gisborne 06 868 4840 David Scott treescapefarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Hawkes Bay 06 877 3930 Mike Barham md.ee.barham@xtra.co.nz<br />
Tararua 06 374 9862 Chris Southgate cwsouthgate@xtra.co.nz<br />
Wairarapa/ Upper Hutt 06 378 6895 Bruce Watkins hmebw@xtra.co.nz<br />
Taranaki Taranaki Rural Support Trust 06 757 3423 Harvey Leach taranaki@fedfarm.org.nz<br />
Ruapehu/Wanganui Ruapehu-Wanganui Rural Support Trust 07 893 8547 Lyn Neeson alyn@xtra.co.nz<br />
Manawatu/Rangitikei/ Manawatu/Rangitikei Rural Family<br />
06 329 6860 Margaret Millard millard@manawatu.gen.nz<br />
Kapiti<br />
Support Trust<br />
Marlborough/Nelson Top of the South Rural Support Trust 03 578 9923 Ian Blair ieblair@xtra.co.nz<br />
West Coast West Coast Rural Support Trust 027 4441 580 Ross Bishop rossbishop@xtra.co.nz<br />
North Canterbury North Canterbury Rural support Trust 03 318 1742 Dorothy Oakley spudfarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Mid Canterbury Mid-Canterbury Emergency Relief<br />
03 308 7594 or Allan Baird allan.baird@xtra.co.nz<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
0274 350 141<br />
South Canterbury South Canterbury Rural Assistance Trust 03 612 6367 David Hewson hewson@farmside.co.nz<br />
Otago Otago Adverse Support Trust 03 437 1544 or<br />
027 6596 800<br />
Andrea Ludemann <strong>and</strong>rea@banarachfarm.co.nz<br />
Southl<strong>and</strong> Southl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 027 431 8173 or<br />
03 207 2741<br />
Russell Falconer russell.f@sld.quik.co.nz<br />
027 222 4005 Janet Gregory Janet.gregory@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz
RURAL SUPPORT TRUSTS<br />
Rural Support Trusts are a nationwide network which assists rural communities <strong>and</strong> individuals during <strong>and</strong> following adverse events such<br />
as floods <strong>and</strong> droughts. As well as this, a number of the trusts also provide their services in times of general hardship. The services that the<br />
trusts provide vary depending on funding <strong>and</strong> focus, but in general they offer co-ordination of an initial response to an event, help rural<br />
people decide business options, provide mentors or colleagues from rural backgrounds to talk to, act as advocates for financial assistance,<br />
advocate for assistance from Work <strong>and</strong> Income programmes (like welfare support), <strong>and</strong> provide stress management services. If the trust<br />
does not offer particular services themselves they will have contacts with appropriate individuals <strong>and</strong> organisations that can assist.<br />
Region Trusts Name Phone Contact Email<br />
Northl<strong>and</strong>/Rodney Northl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 09 430 0954 Helen Moodie helen.moodie@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz<br />
Waikato/Hauraki/ Waikato, Hauraki-Corom<strong>and</strong>el Rural 0800 787 254 Neil Bateup bateup@xtra.co.nz<br />
Corom<strong>and</strong>el<br />
Support Trust<br />
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Rural Support Charitable<br />
Trust<br />
07 533 3764 Derek Spratt spratty@netsmart.net.nz<br />
East Coast East Coast Rural Support Trust<br />
Gisborne 06 868 4840 David Scott treescapefarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Hawkes Bay 06 877 3930 Mike Barham md.ee.barham@xtra.co.nz<br />
Tararua 06 374 9862 Chris Southgate cwsouthgate@xtra.co.nz<br />
Wairarapa/ Upper Hutt 06 378 6895 Bruce Watkins hmebw@xtra.co.nz<br />
Taranaki Taranaki Rural Support Trust 06 757 3423 Harvey Leach taranaki@fedfarm.org.nz<br />
Ruapehu/Wanganui Ruapehu-Wanganui Rural Support Trust 07 893 8547 Lyn Neeson alyn@xtra.co.nz<br />
Manawatu/Rangitikei/ Manawatu/Rangitikei Rural Family<br />
06 329 6860 Margaret Millard millard@manawatu.gen.nz<br />
Kapiti<br />
Support Trust<br />
Marlborough/Nelson Top of the South Rural Support Trust 03 578 9923 Ian Blair ieblair@xtra.co.nz<br />
West Coast West Coast Rural Support Trust 027 4441 580 Ross Bishop rossbishop@xtra.co.nz<br />
North Canterbury North Canterbury Rural support Trust 03 318 1742 Dorothy Oakley spudfarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Mid Canterbury Mid-Canterbury Emergency Relief<br />
03 308 7594 or Allan Baird allan.baird@xtra.co.nz<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
0274 350 141<br />
South Canterbury South Canterbury Rural Assistance Trust 03 612 6367 David Hewson hewson@farmside.co.nz<br />
Otago Otago Adverse Support Trust 03 437 1544 or<br />
027 6596 800<br />
Andrea Ludemann <strong>and</strong>rea@banarachfarm.co.nz<br />
Southl<strong>and</strong> Southl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 027 431 8173 or<br />
03 207 2741<br />
Russell Falconer russell.f@sld.quik.co.nz<br />
027 222 4005 Janet Gregory Janet.gregory@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz
RURAL SUPPORT TRUSTS<br />
Rural Support Trusts are a nationwide network which assists rural communities <strong>and</strong> individuals during <strong>and</strong> following adverse events such<br />
as floods <strong>and</strong> droughts. As well as this, a number of the trusts also provide their services in times of general hardship. The services that the<br />
trusts provide vary depending on funding <strong>and</strong> focus, but in general they offer co-ordination of an initial response to an event, help rural<br />
people decide business options, provide mentors or colleagues from rural backgrounds to talk to, act as advocates for financial assistance,<br />
advocate for assistance from Work <strong>and</strong> Income programmes (like welfare support), <strong>and</strong> provide stress management services. If the trust<br />
does not offer particular services themselves they will have contacts with appropriate individuals <strong>and</strong> organisations that can assist.<br />
Region Trusts Name Phone Contact Email<br />
Northl<strong>and</strong>/Rodney Northl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 09 430 0954 Helen Moodie helen.moodie@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz<br />
Waikato/Hauraki/ Waikato, Hauraki-Corom<strong>and</strong>el Rural 0800 787 254 Neil Bateup bateup@xtra.co.nz<br />
Corom<strong>and</strong>el<br />
Support Trust<br />
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Rural Support Charitable<br />
Trust<br />
07 533 3764 Derek Spratt spratty@netsmart.net.nz<br />
East Coast East Coast Rural Support Trust<br />
Gisborne 06 868 4840 David Scott treescapefarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Hawkes Bay 06 877 3930 Mike Barham md.ee.barham@xtra.co.nz<br />
Tararua 06 374 9862 Chris Southgate cwsouthgate@xtra.co.nz<br />
Wairarapa/ Upper Hutt 06 378 6895 Bruce Watkins hmebw@xtra.co.nz<br />
Taranaki Taranaki Rural Support Trust 06 757 3423 Harvey Leach taranaki@fedfarm.org.nz<br />
Ruapehu/Wanganui Ruapehu-Wanganui Rural Support Trust 07 893 8547 Lyn Neeson alyn@xtra.co.nz<br />
Manawatu/Rangitikei/ Manawatu/Rangitikei Rural Family<br />
06 329 6860 Margaret Millard millard@manawatu.gen.nz<br />
Kapiti<br />
Support Trust<br />
Marlborough/Nelson Top of the South Rural Support Trust 03 578 9923 Ian Blair ieblair@xtra.co.nz<br />
West Coast West Coast Rural Support Trust 027 4441 580 Ross Bishop rossbishop@xtra.co.nz<br />
North Canterbury North Canterbury Rural support Trust 03 318 1742 Dorothy Oakley spudfarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Mid Canterbury Mid-Canterbury Emergency Relief<br />
03 308 7594 or Allan Baird allan.baird@xtra.co.nz<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
0274 350 141<br />
South Canterbury South Canterbury Rural Assistance Trust 03 612 6367 David Hewson hewson@farmside.co.nz<br />
Otago Otago Adverse Support Trust 03 437 1544 or<br />
027 6596 800<br />
Andrea Ludemann <strong>and</strong>rea@banarachfarm.co.nz<br />
Southl<strong>and</strong> Southl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 027 431 8173 or<br />
03 207 2741<br />
Russell Falconer russell.f@sld.quik.co.nz<br />
027 222 4005 Janet Gregory Janet.gregory@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz
RURAL SUPPORT TRUSTS<br />
Rural Support Trusts are a nationwide network which assists rural communities <strong>and</strong> individuals during <strong>and</strong> following adverse events such<br />
as floods <strong>and</strong> droughts. As well as this, a number of the trusts also provide their services in times of general hardship. The services that the<br />
trusts provide vary depending on funding <strong>and</strong> focus, but in general they offer co-ordination of an initial response to an event, help rural<br />
people decide business options, provide mentors or colleagues from rural backgrounds to talk to, act as advocates for financial assistance,<br />
advocate for assistance from Work <strong>and</strong> Income programmes (like welfare support), <strong>and</strong> provide stress management services. If the trust<br />
does not offer particular services themselves they will have contacts with appropriate individuals <strong>and</strong> organisations that can assist.<br />
Region Trusts Name Phone Contact Email<br />
Northl<strong>and</strong>/Rodney Northl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 09 430 0954 Helen Moodie helen.moodie@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz<br />
Waikato/Hauraki/ Waikato, Hauraki-Corom<strong>and</strong>el Rural 0800 787 254 Neil Bateup bateup@xtra.co.nz<br />
Corom<strong>and</strong>el<br />
Support Trust<br />
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Rural Support Charitable<br />
Trust<br />
07 533 3764 Derek Spratt spratty@netsmart.net.nz<br />
East Coast East Coast Rural Support Trust<br />
Gisborne 06 868 4840 David Scott treescapefarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Hawkes Bay 06 877 3930 Mike Barham md.ee.barham@xtra.co.nz<br />
Tararua 06 374 9862 Chris Southgate cwsouthgate@xtra.co.nz<br />
Wairarapa/ Upper Hutt 06 378 6895 Bruce Watkins hmebw@xtra.co.nz<br />
Taranaki Taranaki Rural Support Trust 06 757 3423 Harvey Leach taranaki@fedfarm.org.nz<br />
Ruapehu/Wanganui Ruapehu-Wanganui Rural Support Trust 07 893 8547 Lyn Neeson alyn@xtra.co.nz<br />
Manawatu/Rangitikei/ Manawatu/Rangitikei Rural Family<br />
06 329 6860 Margaret Millard millard@manawatu.gen.nz<br />
Kapiti<br />
Support Trust<br />
Marlborough/Nelson Top of the South Rural Support Trust 03 578 9923 Ian Blair ieblair@xtra.co.nz<br />
West Coast West Coast Rural Support Trust 027 4441 580 Ross Bishop rossbishop@xtra.co.nz<br />
North Canterbury North Canterbury Rural support Trust 03 318 1742 Dorothy Oakley spudfarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Mid Canterbury Mid-Canterbury Emergency Relief<br />
03 308 7594 or Allan Baird allan.baird@xtra.co.nz<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
0274 350 141<br />
South Canterbury South Canterbury Rural Assistance Trust 03 612 6367 David Hewson hewson@farmside.co.nz<br />
Otago Otago Adverse Support Trust 03 437 1544 or<br />
027 6596 800<br />
Andrea Ludemann <strong>and</strong>rea@banarachfarm.co.nz<br />
Southl<strong>and</strong> Southl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 027 431 8173 or<br />
03 207 2741<br />
Russell Falconer russell.f@sld.quik.co.nz<br />
027 222 4005 Janet Gregory Janet.gregory@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz
RURAL SUPPORT TRUSTS<br />
Rural Support Trusts are a nationwide network which assists rural communities <strong>and</strong> individuals during <strong>and</strong> following adverse events such<br />
as floods <strong>and</strong> droughts. As well as this, a number of the trusts also provide their services in times of general hardship. The services that the<br />
trusts provide vary depending on funding <strong>and</strong> focus, but in general they offer co-ordination of an initial response to an event, help rural<br />
people decide business options, provide mentors or colleagues from rural backgrounds to talk to, act as advocates for financial assistance,<br />
advocate for assistance from Work <strong>and</strong> Income programmes (like welfare support), <strong>and</strong> provide stress management services. If the trust<br />
does not offer particular services themselves they will have contacts with appropriate individuals <strong>and</strong> organisations that can assist.<br />
Region Trusts Name Phone Contact Email<br />
Northl<strong>and</strong>/Rodney Northl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 09 430 0954 Helen Moodie helen.moodie@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz<br />
Waikato/Hauraki/ Waikato, Hauraki-Corom<strong>and</strong>el Rural 0800 787 254 Neil Bateup bateup@xtra.co.nz<br />
Corom<strong>and</strong>el<br />
Support Trust<br />
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Rural Support Charitable<br />
Trust<br />
07 533 3764 Derek Spratt spratty@netsmart.net.nz<br />
East Coast East Coast Rural Support Trust<br />
Gisborne 06 868 4840 David Scott treescapefarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Hawkes Bay 06 877 3930 Mike Barham md.ee.barham@xtra.co.nz<br />
Tararua 06 374 9862 Chris Southgate cwsouthgate@xtra.co.nz<br />
Wairarapa/ Upper Hutt 06 378 6895 Bruce Watkins hmebw@xtra.co.nz<br />
Taranaki Taranaki Rural Support Trust 06 757 3423 Harvey Leach taranaki@fedfarm.org.nz<br />
Ruapehu/Wanganui Ruapehu-Wanganui Rural Support Trust 07 893 8547 Lyn Neeson alyn@xtra.co.nz<br />
Manawatu/Rangitikei/ Manawatu/Rangitikei Rural Family<br />
06 329 6860 Margaret Millard millard@manawatu.gen.nz<br />
Kapiti<br />
Support Trust<br />
Marlborough/Nelson Top of the South Rural Support Trust 03 578 9923 Ian Blair ieblair@xtra.co.nz<br />
West Coast West Coast Rural Support Trust 027 4441 580 Ross Bishop rossbishop@xtra.co.nz<br />
North Canterbury North Canterbury Rural support Trust 03 318 1742 Dorothy Oakley spudfarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Mid Canterbury Mid-Canterbury Emergency Relief<br />
03 308 7594 or Allan Baird allan.baird@xtra.co.nz<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
0274 350 141<br />
South Canterbury South Canterbury Rural Assistance Trust 03 612 6367 David Hewson hewson@farmside.co.nz<br />
Otago Otago Adverse Support Trust 03 437 1544 or<br />
027 6596 800<br />
Andrea Ludemann <strong>and</strong>rea@banarachfarm.co.nz<br />
Southl<strong>and</strong> Southl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 027 431 8173 or<br />
03 207 2741<br />
Russell Falconer russell.f@sld.quik.co.nz<br />
027 222 4005 Janet Gregory Janet.gregory@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz
RURAL SUPPORT TRUSTS<br />
Rural Support Trusts are a nationwide network which assists rural communities <strong>and</strong> individuals during <strong>and</strong> following adverse events such<br />
as floods <strong>and</strong> droughts. As well as this, a number of the trusts also provide their services in times of general hardship. The services that the<br />
trusts provide vary depending on funding <strong>and</strong> focus, but in general they offer co-ordination of an initial response to an event, help rural<br />
people decide business options, provide mentors or colleagues from rural backgrounds to talk to, act as advocates for financial assistance,<br />
advocate for assistance from Work <strong>and</strong> Income programmes (like welfare support), <strong>and</strong> provide stress management services. If the trust<br />
does not offer particular services themselves they will have contacts with appropriate individuals <strong>and</strong> organisations that can assist.<br />
Region Trusts Name Phone Contact Email<br />
Northl<strong>and</strong>/Rodney Northl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 09 430 0954 Helen Moodie helen.moodie@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz<br />
Waikato/Hauraki/ Waikato, Hauraki-Corom<strong>and</strong>el Rural 0800 787 254 Neil Bateup bateup@xtra.co.nz<br />
Corom<strong>and</strong>el<br />
Support Trust<br />
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Rural Support Charitable<br />
Trust<br />
07 533 3764 Derek Spratt spratty@netsmart.net.nz<br />
East Coast East Coast Rural Support Trust<br />
Gisborne 06 868 4840 David Scott treescapefarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Hawkes Bay 06 877 3930 Mike Barham md.ee.barham@xtra.co.nz<br />
Tararua 06 374 9862 Chris Southgate cwsouthgate@xtra.co.nz<br />
Wairarapa/ Upper Hutt 06 378 6895 Bruce Watkins hmebw@xtra.co.nz<br />
Taranaki Taranaki Rural Support Trust 06 757 3423 Harvey Leach taranaki@fedfarm.org.nz<br />
Ruapehu/Wanganui Ruapehu-Wanganui Rural Support Trust 07 893 8547 Lyn Neeson alyn@xtra.co.nz<br />
Manawatu/Rangitikei/ Manawatu/Rangitikei Rural Family<br />
06 329 6860 Margaret Millard millard@manawatu.gen.nz<br />
Kapiti<br />
Support Trust<br />
Marlborough/Nelson Top of the South Rural Support Trust 03 578 9923 Ian Blair ieblair@xtra.co.nz<br />
West Coast West Coast Rural Support Trust 027 4441 580 Ross Bishop rossbishop@xtra.co.nz<br />
North Canterbury North Canterbury Rural support Trust 03 318 1742 Dorothy Oakley spudfarm@xtra.co.nz<br />
Mid Canterbury Mid-Canterbury Emergency Relief<br />
03 308 7594 or Allan Baird allan.baird@xtra.co.nz<br />
Charitable Trust<br />
0274 350 141<br />
South Canterbury South Canterbury Rural Assistance Trust 03 612 6367 David Hewson hewson@farmside.co.nz<br />
Otago Otago Adverse Support Trust 03 437 1544 or<br />
027 6596 800<br />
Andrea Ludemann <strong>and</strong>rea@banarachfarm.co.nz<br />
Southl<strong>and</strong> Southl<strong>and</strong> Rural Support Trust 027 431 8173 or<br />
03 207 2741<br />
Russell Falconer russell.f@sld.quik.co.nz<br />
027 222 4005 Janet Gregory Janet.gregory@l<strong>and</strong>care.org.nz
FARM<br />
RD BRIEF 131: FARMER<br />
DECISION-MAKING, A TOOL<br />
TO AID THE PROCESS<br />
This R&D Brief describes the<br />
Multi-Criteria Decision Making<br />
(MCDM) process <strong>and</strong> how it<br />
can help farmers learn more<br />
about their decision-making.<br />
As a test of its effectiveness,<br />
seven Beef Focus farmers <strong>and</strong><br />
their community group used<br />
the process <strong>and</strong> spreadsheet<br />
tool when considering<br />
changing beef policies.<br />
It helped show farmers what<br />
was important to them in<br />
making decisions. In the case<br />
<br />
a 50% weighting in the overall<br />
decision. Other issues that<br />
<br />
sustainability, market risk,<br />
effects on family <strong>and</strong> ease of<br />
management.<br />
RESEARCH AND<br />
DEVELOPMENT<br />
WHAT THE STUDY INVOLVED<br />
Through funding from Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong>,<br />
AgResearch scientists took seven farmers through<br />
the Multi-Criteria Decision Making process. Three of<br />
the farmers were considering breeding cow policies<br />
<br />
hill country.<br />
Background information on the farm was collected<br />
<strong>and</strong> the policy options to consider were agreed upon.<br />
Then farmers were taken through the process using the<br />
spreadsheet tool. This took about two <strong>and</strong> a half hours<br />
per farmer.<br />
THE DECISIONMAKING PROCESS<br />
USING THE MCDM METHOD<br />
The MCDM process involved the following steps<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
farmers in making their selection (i.e. the criteria).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A mentor group helped each of the Beef Focus<br />
farmers to help identify possible options. These 10 to<br />
14 people were mostly local sheep <strong>and</strong> beef farmers,<br />
with two to four rural professionals included.<br />
<br />
or less <strong>and</strong> included the current system as a yardstick.<br />
<br />
<br />
viability of each option.<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
THE FARMS<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
a large Mäori Trust farm. Farm size ranged from<br />
400 to 2800 effective hectares.<br />
THE DECISION<br />
Three farmers were considering changes<br />
to breeding cow policies <strong>and</strong> four were<br />
<br />
<br />
were –<br />
- Changing the sheep to cattle ratio.<br />
<br />
- Yearling heifer mating.<br />
- Changes to cow breed.<br />
HOW DO YOU WEIGH UP WHAT IS<br />
THE MOST IMPORTANT CRITERIA?<br />
<strong>Farmers</strong> made a list of the critical factors that were<br />
<br />
The farmers then weighted the relative importance of<br />
the criteria by comparing the criteria with each other<br />
i.e. giving them “swing values”.<br />
<br />
value for the Risk criteria may be half as important as<br />
<br />
<br />
percentage (so the weightings for all criteria added to<br />
100%).<br />
<br />
more important to him than impacts on family life.<br />
Figure A:<br />
for two of the farmers.<br />
<br />
with other criteria having relatively little importance.<br />
In contrast, Farmer 7 (F7) put similar weighting on a<br />
<br />
<strong>Farmers</strong> later had the opportunity to alter the<br />
weightings on their criteria. Most chose to do so. They<br />
found that this helped them to think through their<br />
evaluation of the alternatives <strong>and</strong> what really was<br />
important in their decision.<br />
HOW WELL DID THE<br />
ALTERNATIVES PERFORM?<br />
The performance of the alternatives was compared<br />
against each of the criteria. Gross margin was used<br />
<br />
<br />
The performance of the alternatives <strong>and</strong> the<br />
<br />
<br />
Figure B: The different options ranked according to<br />
criteria <strong>and</strong> their weighting.<br />
Note: Maximum is a hypothetical option that scores best on all criteria.<br />
<br />
came out on top. Even so, there was not a lot<br />
separating the seven alternatives. Although the ‘R1yr<br />
<br />
<br />
because of poor performance on other criteria. This<br />
means it is unlikely to be adopted by that farmer.<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
MAKING DECISIONS?<br />
<br />
thing driving farmer decision-making. However, often<br />
<br />
to make them more money.<br />
<br />
for farmers running breeding cows. This<br />
technology was backed by sound research<br />
<br />
that it was apparently both a simple system,<br />
<br />
technology has been adopted by only around<br />
50% of farmers running breeding cows.<br />
<br />
option when all criteria were considered in nearly half<br />
the cases.<br />
<br />
component of decision making (as the research<br />
<br />
always control the outcomes.<br />
<br />
related issues made up less than half of the<br />
contribution to the performance of the top ranked<br />
system. In two cases, it contributed less than 20% of<br />
the total.<br />
WHAT DOES IT TELL US ABOUT<br />
FARMER DECISION MAKING?<br />
<br />
intuitively take a number of factors into account<br />
<br />
<br />
People advising farmers must recognise this <strong>and</strong> not<br />
<br />
new technologies.<br />
WHAT DID FARMERS THINK<br />
OF THE PROCESS?<br />
Feedback from the farmers involved was that the<br />
Multi-Criteria Decision Making process initially looked<br />
complicated but once they started it was easy to<br />
underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> use. Comments included -<br />
<br />
not routine daily decisions.<br />
<br />
decision <strong>and</strong> question the importance of different<br />
factors in my decision making.<br />
<br />
focus for discussion.<br />
<br />
working through the information.<br />
Although MCDM is increasingly used in Europe <strong>and</strong><br />
USA, it has not been widely used in agricultural <strong>and</strong><br />
environmental decision making in Australia <strong>and</strong><br />
New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />
The process is recommended to farmers <strong>and</strong> people<br />
advising them as a useful way to help consider<br />
different options <strong>and</strong> to make the right decision on a<br />
<br />
<br />
technologies.<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & MORE INFORMATION<br />
<br />
An AGMARDT post-doctoral fellowship allowed the<br />
MCDM spreadsheet model to be built.<br />
For more information in relation to this R&D Brief see -<br />
<br />
systems on sheep <strong>and</strong> beef farms, D. C. Smeaton<br />
<strong>and</strong> A.E. Dooley, AgResearch, Grassl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Association paper. Available from Duncan Smeaton<br />
(see contact details below).<br />
For further information freephone Beef + Lamb<br />
New Zeal<strong>and</strong> on 0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352)<br />
or contact<br />
Andy Bray<br />
<br />
Liz Dooley<br />
AgResearch<br />
(07) 838 5914 liz.dooley@agresearch.co.nz<br />
Duncan Smeaton<br />
<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
MAKING DECISIONS?<br />
<br />
thing driving farmer decision-making. However, often<br />
<br />
to make them more money.<br />
<br />
for farmers running breeding cows. This<br />
technology was backed by sound research<br />
<br />
that it was apparently both a simple system,<br />
<br />
technology has been adopted by only around<br />
50% of farmers running breeding cows.<br />
<br />
option when all criteria were considered in nearly half<br />
the cases.<br />
<br />
component of decision making (as the research<br />
<br />
always control the outcomes.<br />
<br />
related issues made up less than half of the<br />
contribution to the performance of the top ranked<br />
system. In two cases, it contributed less than 20% of<br />
the total.<br />
WHAT DOES IT TELL US ABOUT<br />
FARMER DECISION MAKING?<br />
<br />
intuitively take a number of factors into account<br />
<br />
<br />
People advising farmers must recognise this <strong>and</strong> not<br />
<br />
new technologies.<br />
WHAT DID FARMERS THINK<br />
OF THE PROCESS?<br />
Feedback from the farmers involved was that the<br />
Multi-Criteria Decision Making process initially looked<br />
complicated but once they started it was easy to<br />
underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> use. Comments included -<br />
<br />
not routine daily decisions.<br />
<br />
decision <strong>and</strong> question the importance of different<br />
factors in my decision making.<br />
<br />
focus for discussion.<br />
<br />
working through the information.<br />
Although MCDM is increasingly used in Europe <strong>and</strong><br />
USA, it has not been widely used in agricultural <strong>and</strong><br />
environmental decision making in Australia <strong>and</strong><br />
New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />
The process is recommended to farmers <strong>and</strong> people<br />
advising them as a useful way to help consider<br />
different options <strong>and</strong> to make the right decision on a<br />
<br />
<br />
technologies.<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & MORE INFORMATION<br />
<br />
An AGMARDT post-doctoral fellowship allowed the<br />
MCDM spreadsheet model to be built.<br />
For more information in relation to this R&D Brief see -<br />
<br />
systems on sheep <strong>and</strong> beef farms, D. C. Smeaton<br />
<strong>and</strong> A.E. Dooley, AgResearch, Grassl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Association paper. Available from Duncan Smeaton<br />
(see contact details below).<br />
For further information freephone Beef + Lamb<br />
New Zeal<strong>and</strong> on 0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352)<br />
or contact<br />
Andy Bray<br />
<br />
Liz Dooley<br />
AgResearch<br />
(07) 838 5914 liz.dooley@agresearch.co.nz<br />
Duncan Smeaton<br />
<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
Palm Kernel Facts:
FARM<br />
124: ILL-THRIFT identifying<br />
the causes <strong>and</strong> measuring<br />
their effects<br />
This R&D Brief outlines a<br />
project to develop better<br />
ways of recognising <strong>and</strong><br />
testing for ill-thrift in stock.<br />
Using on-farm data, it<br />
<br />
between different ill-thrift<br />
factors e.g. endophyte<br />
toxicity, <strong>and</strong> animal<br />
performance. Knowing the<br />
exact relationship helps<br />
give farmers an indication<br />
whether a change of<br />
management is required.<br />
1 WHAT IS ILL-THRIFT?<br />
Ill-thrift is a term used to describe when stock grow at<br />
a slower growth rate than expected, given their feed<br />
<br />
young cattle have more than 30% slower growth rates<br />
than expected.<br />
THE AIM OF THE PROJECT WAS TO:<br />
a) Identify possible causes of ill-thrift.<br />
b) Find ways to measure the particular effect on<br />
growth rate e.g. amount of liveweight gain<br />
suppression from eating pasture with high levels of<br />
endophyte toxins.<br />
c) Develop a process whereby farmers can identify<br />
causes of ill-thrift.<br />
RESEARCH AND<br />
DEVELOPMENT<br />
TRADITIONALLY, FARMERS IDENTIFY IF THEIR FLOCK IS<br />
AFFECTED BY ILL-THRIFT BY:<br />
<br />
e.g. hogget weight gain in January was 25% behind<br />
last year.<br />
<br />
<br />
burden in stock.<br />
NEW METHODS<br />
The project showed that farmers can also use Beef +<br />
Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> Q-Graze software (which predicts<br />
liveweight gain given pasture intake <strong>and</strong> quality) to<br />
show that stock have ill-thrift. Actual performance (e.g.<br />
hoggets growing at 75g/hd/day over summer) can<br />
<br />
should be doing (e.g. 100g).<br />
<br />
<br />
On-farm data showed that, over summer <strong>and</strong> autumn,<br />
ill-thrift occurred 36% of the time in cattle <strong>and</strong> 62% of<br />
the time in sheep.<br />
Miserable or happy? Ill-thrift can be complicated to diagnose.<br />
<br />
<br />
The most common reason for stock growing slower<br />
than farmers expected over summer <strong>and</strong> autumn was<br />
poor pasture quality. However, when pasture quality<br />
was taken into consideration the next biggest cause<br />
of ill-thrift was parasitism - around 45% of the time in<br />
young sheep.<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
The project monitored actual growth rates of young<br />
cattle mobs in the Waikato <strong>and</strong> compared them to<br />
Q-Graze predictions. It was shown that 36% of the<br />
cattle were suffering from ill-thrift. Further analysis<br />
indicated that 30% was due to parasites <strong>and</strong> 20% was<br />
linked to fusaria toxicity. Fifty percent of the causes<br />
were undiagnosed.<br />
In sheep, healthy ewe lambs were growing at 142g/<br />
day but those with ill-thrift grew only 46g/day. Over 62%<br />
<br />
Of these, 45% was due to parasitism, 19% due to fusaria<br />
toxicity <strong>and</strong> 36% had undiagnosed causes.<br />
<br />
Ill-thrift is caused by a number of different factors<br />
so it is important that tests can identify a particular<br />
cause. The project investigated <strong>and</strong> validated tests<br />
<br />
<br />
deoxynivalenol (DON). Following is a summary of tests<br />
for diagnosing ill-thrift.<br />
Table A: Summary of tests<br />
Table A:<br />
Cause Test<br />
<br />
quality<br />
<br />
content <strong>and</strong> visual test for dead/<br />
aged material are good methods.<br />
<br />
lamb parasite burden, less useful<br />
for cattle.<br />
<br />
toxin<br />
<br />
challenge requires further<br />
research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> not suitable for use.<br />
Urine test for high ergovaline levels<br />
validated by project. Not currently<br />
commercially available.<br />
Facial eczema <br />
counts, or blood GGT tests are<br />
very useful.<br />
Fusaria fungi <br />
measured to indicate the<br />
presence of other, more toxic<br />
fungi. These tests are available<br />
commercially.<br />
Trace elements Liver tests useful in many cases.<br />
<br />
<br />
at works with pleurisy is an<br />
indicator of pneumonia. Use<br />
<br />
<br />
calculate your level.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using the on-farm data, scientists were able to show the<br />
relationship between the levels of fungi, spores, larvae etc<br />
<strong>and</strong> liveweight gain suppression.<br />
The key links are -<br />
<br />
0.8 mg/kgDM, then it is likely that the toxic Trichothecenes<br />
will be reducing LWG by 40g/d in lambs <strong>and</strong> 0.2kg/day in<br />
cattle. Urine patches may have very high levels of fungi<br />
(200-times higher than inter-urine patches). However, this<br />
hypothesis requires further research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> around 70% of samples were shown to have fungi<br />
that produce toxins. However, the presence of toxic<br />
fungi does not mean that toxins are being produced, as<br />
was shown in further tests where fungi were present <strong>and</strong><br />
growing, but no toxins could be detected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The degree of LWG suppression was not able to be<br />
<br />
<br />
suppressed if above 500 epg in lambs <strong>and</strong> 300 epg in<br />
young bulls).<br />
<br />
<br />
The good news is that the biggest causes of ill-thrift<br />
(parasitism <strong>and</strong> pasture quality) can be reduced by<br />
management (e.g. providing stock with higher quality<br />
pasture, management to reduce larval contamination of<br />
pastures, worm control). It is best that farmers eliminate<br />
<br />
fungi issues.<br />
A mentor group of vets helped guide the project. Results<br />
have been passed on to vets <strong>and</strong> other industry people.<br />
MORE INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
Final Report:<br />
<strong>Management</strong> of the factors leading to ill-thrift in young<br />
<br />
Related Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> resources:<br />
There are two R&D Briefs on trace elements, seven R&D<br />
Briefs on fungal toxins <strong>and</strong> eight R&D Briefs on parasites. For<br />
<br />
(0800 233 352).<br />
For the Wormwise information pack on managing internal<br />
<br />
Q-Graze software, phone Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
<br />
Ill-thrift project leader - Annette Litherl<strong>and</strong>, AgResearch<br />
annette.litherl<strong>and</strong>@agresearch.co.nz<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
The project monitored actual growth rates of young<br />
cattle mobs in the Waikato <strong>and</strong> compared them to<br />
Q-Graze predictions. It was shown that 36% of the<br />
cattle were suffering from ill-thrift. Further analysis<br />
indicated that 30% was due to parasites <strong>and</strong> 20% was<br />
linked to fusaria toxicity. Fifty percent of the causes<br />
were undiagnosed.<br />
In sheep, healthy ewe lambs were growing at 142g/<br />
day but those with ill-thrift grew only 46g/day. Over 62%<br />
<br />
Of these, 45% was due to parasitism, 19% due to fusaria<br />
toxicity <strong>and</strong> 36% had undiagnosed causes.<br />
<br />
Ill-thrift is caused by a number of different factors<br />
so it is important that tests can identify a particular<br />
cause. The project investigated <strong>and</strong> validated tests<br />
<br />
<br />
deoxynivalenol (DON). Following is a summary of tests<br />
for diagnosing ill-thrift.<br />
Table A: Summary of tests<br />
Table A:<br />
Cause Test<br />
<br />
quality<br />
<br />
content <strong>and</strong> visual test for dead/<br />
aged material are good methods.<br />
<br />
lamb parasite burden, less useful<br />
for cattle.<br />
<br />
toxin<br />
<br />
challenge requires further<br />
research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> not suitable for use.<br />
Urine test for high ergovaline levels<br />
validated by project. Not currently<br />
commercially available.<br />
Facial eczema <br />
counts, or blood GGT tests are<br />
very useful.<br />
Fusaria fungi <br />
measured to indicate the<br />
presence of other, more toxic<br />
fungi. These tests are available<br />
commercially.<br />
Trace elements Liver tests useful in many cases.<br />
<br />
<br />
at works with pleurisy is an<br />
indicator of pneumonia. Use<br />
<br />
<br />
calculate your level.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using the on-farm data, scientists were able to show the<br />
relationship between the levels of fungi, spores, larvae etc<br />
<strong>and</strong> liveweight gain suppression.<br />
The key links are -<br />
<br />
0.8 mg/kgDM, then it is likely that the toxic Trichothecenes<br />
will be reducing LWG by 40g/d in lambs <strong>and</strong> 0.2kg/day in<br />
cattle. Urine patches may have very high levels of fungi<br />
(200-times higher than inter-urine patches). However, this<br />
hypothesis requires further research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> around 70% of samples were shown to have fungi<br />
that produce toxins. However, the presence of toxic<br />
fungi does not mean that toxins are being produced, as<br />
was shown in further tests where fungi were present <strong>and</strong><br />
growing, but no toxins could be detected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The degree of LWG suppression was not able to be<br />
<br />
<br />
suppressed if above 500 epg in lambs <strong>and</strong> 300 epg in<br />
young bulls).<br />
<br />
<br />
The good news is that the biggest causes of ill-thrift<br />
(parasitism <strong>and</strong> pasture quality) can be reduced by<br />
management (e.g. providing stock with higher quality<br />
pasture, management to reduce larval contamination of<br />
pastures, worm control). It is best that farmers eliminate<br />
<br />
fungi issues.<br />
A mentor group of vets helped guide the project. Results<br />
have been passed on to vets <strong>and</strong> other industry people.<br />
MORE INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
Final Report:<br />
<strong>Management</strong> of the factors leading to ill-thrift in young<br />
<br />
Related Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> resources:<br />
There are two R&D Briefs on trace elements, seven R&D<br />
Briefs on fungal toxins <strong>and</strong> eight R&D Briefs on parasites. For<br />
<br />
(0800 233 352).<br />
For the Wormwise information pack on managing internal<br />
<br />
Q-Graze software, phone Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
<br />
Ill-thrift project leader - Annette Litherl<strong>and</strong>, AgResearch<br />
annette.litherl<strong>and</strong>@agresearch.co.nz<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
The project monitored actual growth rates of young<br />
cattle mobs in the Waikato <strong>and</strong> compared them to<br />
Q-Graze predictions. It was shown that 36% of the<br />
cattle were suffering from ill-thrift. Further analysis<br />
indicated that 30% was due to parasites <strong>and</strong> 20% was<br />
linked to fusaria toxicity. Fifty percent of the causes<br />
were undiagnosed.<br />
In sheep, healthy ewe lambs were growing at 142g/<br />
day but those with ill-thrift grew only 46g/day. Over 62%<br />
<br />
Of these, 45% was due to parasitism, 19% due to fusaria<br />
toxicity <strong>and</strong> 36% had undiagnosed causes.<br />
<br />
Ill-thrift is caused by a number of different factors<br />
so it is important that tests can identify a particular<br />
cause. The project investigated <strong>and</strong> validated tests<br />
<br />
<br />
deoxynivalenol (DON). Following is a summary of tests<br />
for diagnosing ill-thrift.<br />
Table A: Summary of tests<br />
Table A:<br />
Cause Test<br />
<br />
quality<br />
<br />
content <strong>and</strong> visual test for dead/<br />
aged material are good methods.<br />
<br />
lamb parasite burden, less useful<br />
for cattle.<br />
<br />
toxin<br />
<br />
challenge requires further<br />
research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> not suitable for use.<br />
Urine test for high ergovaline levels<br />
validated by project. Not currently<br />
commercially available.<br />
Facial eczema <br />
counts, or blood GGT tests are<br />
very useful.<br />
Fusaria fungi <br />
measured to indicate the<br />
presence of other, more toxic<br />
fungi. These tests are available<br />
commercially.<br />
Trace elements Liver tests useful in many cases.<br />
<br />
<br />
at works with pleurisy is an<br />
indicator of pneumonia. Use<br />
<br />
<br />
calculate your level.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using the on-farm data, scientists were able to show the<br />
relationship between the levels of fungi, spores, larvae etc<br />
<strong>and</strong> liveweight gain suppression.<br />
The key links are -<br />
<br />
0.8 mg/kgDM, then it is likely that the toxic Trichothecenes<br />
will be reducing LWG by 40g/d in lambs <strong>and</strong> 0.2kg/day in<br />
cattle. Urine patches may have very high levels of fungi<br />
(200-times higher than inter-urine patches). However, this<br />
hypothesis requires further research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> around 70% of samples were shown to have fungi<br />
that produce toxins. However, the presence of toxic<br />
fungi does not mean that toxins are being produced, as<br />
was shown in further tests where fungi were present <strong>and</strong><br />
growing, but no toxins could be detected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The degree of LWG suppression was not able to be<br />
<br />
<br />
suppressed if above 500 epg in lambs <strong>and</strong> 300 epg in<br />
young bulls).<br />
<br />
<br />
The good news is that the biggest causes of ill-thrift<br />
(parasitism <strong>and</strong> pasture quality) can be reduced by<br />
management (e.g. providing stock with higher quality<br />
pasture, management to reduce larval contamination of<br />
pastures, worm control). It is best that farmers eliminate<br />
<br />
fungi issues.<br />
A mentor group of vets helped guide the project. Results<br />
have been passed on to vets <strong>and</strong> other industry people.<br />
MORE INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
Final Report:<br />
<strong>Management</strong> of the factors leading to ill-thrift in young<br />
<br />
Related Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> resources:<br />
There are two R&D Briefs on trace elements, seven R&D<br />
Briefs on fungal toxins <strong>and</strong> eight R&D Briefs on parasites. For<br />
<br />
(0800 233 352).<br />
For the Wormwise information pack on managing internal<br />
<br />
Q-Graze software, phone Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
<br />
Ill-thrift project leader - Annette Litherl<strong>and</strong>, AgResearch<br />
annette.litherl<strong>and</strong>@agresearch.co.nz<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
The project monitored actual growth rates of young<br />
cattle mobs in the Waikato <strong>and</strong> compared them to<br />
Q-Graze predictions. It was shown that 36% of the<br />
cattle were suffering from ill-thrift. Further analysis<br />
indicated that 30% was due to parasites <strong>and</strong> 20% was<br />
linked to fusaria toxicity. Fifty percent of the causes<br />
were undiagnosed.<br />
In sheep, healthy ewe lambs were growing at 142g/<br />
day but those with ill-thrift grew only 46g/day. Over 62%<br />
<br />
Of these, 45% was due to parasitism, 19% due to fusaria<br />
toxicity <strong>and</strong> 36% had undiagnosed causes.<br />
<br />
Ill-thrift is caused by a number of different factors<br />
so it is important that tests can identify a particular<br />
cause. The project investigated <strong>and</strong> validated tests<br />
<br />
<br />
deoxynivalenol (DON). Following is a summary of tests<br />
for diagnosing ill-thrift.<br />
Table A: Summary of tests<br />
Table A:<br />
Cause Test<br />
<br />
quality<br />
<br />
content <strong>and</strong> visual test for dead/<br />
aged material are good methods.<br />
<br />
lamb parasite burden, less useful<br />
for cattle.<br />
<br />
toxin<br />
<br />
challenge requires further<br />
research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> not suitable for use.<br />
Urine test for high ergovaline levels<br />
validated by project. Not currently<br />
commercially available.<br />
Facial eczema <br />
counts, or blood GGT tests are<br />
very useful.<br />
Fusaria fungi <br />
measured to indicate the<br />
presence of other, more toxic<br />
fungi. These tests are available<br />
commercially.<br />
Trace elements Liver tests useful in many cases.<br />
<br />
<br />
at works with pleurisy is an<br />
indicator of pneumonia. Use<br />
<br />
<br />
calculate your level.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using the on-farm data, scientists were able to show the<br />
relationship between the levels of fungi, spores, larvae etc<br />
<strong>and</strong> liveweight gain suppression.<br />
The key links are -<br />
<br />
0.8 mg/kgDM, then it is likely that the toxic Trichothecenes<br />
will be reducing LWG by 40g/d in lambs <strong>and</strong> 0.2kg/day in<br />
cattle. Urine patches may have very high levels of fungi<br />
(200-times higher than inter-urine patches). However, this<br />
hypothesis requires further research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> around 70% of samples were shown to have fungi<br />
that produce toxins. However, the presence of toxic<br />
fungi does not mean that toxins are being produced, as<br />
was shown in further tests where fungi were present <strong>and</strong><br />
growing, but no toxins could be detected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The degree of LWG suppression was not able to be<br />
<br />
<br />
suppressed if above 500 epg in lambs <strong>and</strong> 300 epg in<br />
young bulls).<br />
<br />
<br />
The good news is that the biggest causes of ill-thrift<br />
(parasitism <strong>and</strong> pasture quality) can be reduced by<br />
management (e.g. providing stock with higher quality<br />
pasture, management to reduce larval contamination of<br />
pastures, worm control). It is best that farmers eliminate<br />
<br />
fungi issues.<br />
A mentor group of vets helped guide the project. Results<br />
have been passed on to vets <strong>and</strong> other industry people.<br />
MORE INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
Final Report:<br />
<strong>Management</strong> of the factors leading to ill-thrift in young<br />
<br />
Related Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> resources:<br />
There are two R&D Briefs on trace elements, seven R&D<br />
Briefs on fungal toxins <strong>and</strong> eight R&D Briefs on parasites. For<br />
<br />
(0800 233 352).<br />
For the Wormwise information pack on managing internal<br />
<br />
Q-Graze software, phone Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
<br />
Ill-thrift project leader - Annette Litherl<strong>and</strong>, AgResearch<br />
annette.litherl<strong>and</strong>@agresearch.co.nz<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
The project monitored actual growth rates of young<br />
cattle mobs in the Waikato <strong>and</strong> compared them to<br />
Q-Graze predictions. It was shown that 36% of the<br />
cattle were suffering from ill-thrift. Further analysis<br />
indicated that 30% was due to parasites <strong>and</strong> 20% was<br />
linked to fusaria toxicity. Fifty percent of the causes<br />
were undiagnosed.<br />
In sheep, healthy ewe lambs were growing at 142g/<br />
day but those with ill-thrift grew only 46g/day. Over 62%<br />
<br />
Of these, 45% was due to parasitism, 19% due to fusaria<br />
toxicity <strong>and</strong> 36% had undiagnosed causes.<br />
<br />
Ill-thrift is caused by a number of different factors<br />
so it is important that tests can identify a particular<br />
cause. The project investigated <strong>and</strong> validated tests<br />
<br />
<br />
deoxynivalenol (DON). Following is a summary of tests<br />
for diagnosing ill-thrift.<br />
Table A: Summary of tests<br />
Table A:<br />
Cause Test<br />
<br />
quality<br />
<br />
content <strong>and</strong> visual test for dead/<br />
aged material are good methods.<br />
<br />
lamb parasite burden, less useful<br />
for cattle.<br />
<br />
toxin<br />
<br />
challenge requires further<br />
research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> not suitable for use.<br />
Urine test for high ergovaline levels<br />
validated by project. Not currently<br />
commercially available.<br />
Facial eczema <br />
counts, or blood GGT tests are<br />
very useful.<br />
Fusaria fungi <br />
measured to indicate the<br />
presence of other, more toxic<br />
fungi. These tests are available<br />
commercially.<br />
Trace elements Liver tests useful in many cases.<br />
<br />
<br />
at works with pleurisy is an<br />
indicator of pneumonia. Use<br />
<br />
<br />
calculate your level.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using the on-farm data, scientists were able to show the<br />
relationship between the levels of fungi, spores, larvae etc<br />
<strong>and</strong> liveweight gain suppression.<br />
The key links are -<br />
<br />
0.8 mg/kgDM, then it is likely that the toxic Trichothecenes<br />
will be reducing LWG by 40g/d in lambs <strong>and</strong> 0.2kg/day in<br />
cattle. Urine patches may have very high levels of fungi<br />
(200-times higher than inter-urine patches). However, this<br />
hypothesis requires further research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> around 70% of samples were shown to have fungi<br />
that produce toxins. However, the presence of toxic<br />
fungi does not mean that toxins are being produced, as<br />
was shown in further tests where fungi were present <strong>and</strong><br />
growing, but no toxins could be detected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The degree of LWG suppression was not able to be<br />
<br />
<br />
suppressed if above 500 epg in lambs <strong>and</strong> 300 epg in<br />
young bulls).<br />
<br />
<br />
The good news is that the biggest causes of ill-thrift<br />
(parasitism <strong>and</strong> pasture quality) can be reduced by<br />
management (e.g. providing stock with higher quality<br />
pasture, management to reduce larval contamination of<br />
pastures, worm control). It is best that farmers eliminate<br />
<br />
fungi issues.<br />
A mentor group of vets helped guide the project. Results<br />
have been passed on to vets <strong>and</strong> other industry people.<br />
MORE INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
Final Report:<br />
<strong>Management</strong> of the factors leading to ill-thrift in young<br />
<br />
Related Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> resources:<br />
There are two R&D Briefs on trace elements, seven R&D<br />
Briefs on fungal toxins <strong>and</strong> eight R&D Briefs on parasites. For<br />
<br />
(0800 233 352).<br />
For the Wormwise information pack on managing internal<br />
<br />
Q-Graze software, phone Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
<br />
Ill-thrift project leader - Annette Litherl<strong>and</strong>, AgResearch<br />
annette.litherl<strong>and</strong>@agresearch.co.nz<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
The project monitored actual growth rates of young<br />
cattle mobs in the Waikato <strong>and</strong> compared them to<br />
Q-Graze predictions. It was shown that 36% of the<br />
cattle were suffering from ill-thrift. Further analysis<br />
indicated that 30% was due to parasites <strong>and</strong> 20% was<br />
linked to fusaria toxicity. Fifty percent of the causes<br />
were undiagnosed.<br />
In sheep, healthy ewe lambs were growing at 142g/<br />
day but those with ill-thrift grew only 46g/day. Over 62%<br />
<br />
Of these, 45% was due to parasitism, 19% due to fusaria<br />
toxicity <strong>and</strong> 36% had undiagnosed causes.<br />
<br />
Ill-thrift is caused by a number of different factors<br />
so it is important that tests can identify a particular<br />
cause. The project investigated <strong>and</strong> validated tests<br />
<br />
<br />
deoxynivalenol (DON). Following is a summary of tests<br />
for diagnosing ill-thrift.<br />
Table A: Summary of tests<br />
Table A:<br />
Cause Test<br />
<br />
quality<br />
<br />
content <strong>and</strong> visual test for dead/<br />
aged material are good methods.<br />
<br />
lamb parasite burden, less useful<br />
for cattle.<br />
<br />
toxin<br />
<br />
challenge requires further<br />
research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> not suitable for use.<br />
Urine test for high ergovaline levels<br />
validated by project. Not currently<br />
commercially available.<br />
Facial eczema <br />
counts, or blood GGT tests are<br />
very useful.<br />
Fusaria fungi <br />
measured to indicate the<br />
presence of other, more toxic<br />
fungi. These tests are available<br />
commercially.<br />
Trace elements Liver tests useful in many cases.<br />
<br />
<br />
at works with pleurisy is an<br />
indicator of pneumonia. Use<br />
<br />
<br />
calculate your level.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using the on-farm data, scientists were able to show the<br />
relationship between the levels of fungi, spores, larvae etc<br />
<strong>and</strong> liveweight gain suppression.<br />
The key links are -<br />
<br />
0.8 mg/kgDM, then it is likely that the toxic Trichothecenes<br />
will be reducing LWG by 40g/d in lambs <strong>and</strong> 0.2kg/day in<br />
cattle. Urine patches may have very high levels of fungi<br />
(200-times higher than inter-urine patches). However, this<br />
hypothesis requires further research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> around 70% of samples were shown to have fungi<br />
that produce toxins. However, the presence of toxic<br />
fungi does not mean that toxins are being produced, as<br />
was shown in further tests where fungi were present <strong>and</strong><br />
growing, but no toxins could be detected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The degree of LWG suppression was not able to be<br />
<br />
<br />
suppressed if above 500 epg in lambs <strong>and</strong> 300 epg in<br />
young bulls).<br />
<br />
<br />
The good news is that the biggest causes of ill-thrift<br />
(parasitism <strong>and</strong> pasture quality) can be reduced by<br />
management (e.g. providing stock with higher quality<br />
pasture, management to reduce larval contamination of<br />
pastures, worm control). It is best that farmers eliminate<br />
<br />
fungi issues.<br />
A mentor group of vets helped guide the project. Results<br />
have been passed on to vets <strong>and</strong> other industry people.<br />
MORE INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
Final Report:<br />
<strong>Management</strong> of the factors leading to ill-thrift in young<br />
<br />
Related Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> resources:<br />
There are two R&D Briefs on trace elements, seven R&D<br />
Briefs on fungal toxins <strong>and</strong> eight R&D Briefs on parasites. For<br />
<br />
(0800 233 352).<br />
For the Wormwise information pack on managing internal<br />
<br />
Q-Graze software, phone Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
<br />
Ill-thrift project leader - Annette Litherl<strong>and</strong>, AgResearch<br />
annette.litherl<strong>and</strong>@agresearch.co.nz<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES
The project monitored actual growth rates of young<br />
cattle mobs in the Waikato <strong>and</strong> compared them to<br />
Q-Graze predictions. It was shown that 36% of the<br />
cattle were suffering from ill-thrift. Further analysis<br />
indicated that 30% was due to parasites <strong>and</strong> 20% was<br />
linked to fusaria toxicity. Fifty percent of the causes<br />
were undiagnosed.<br />
In sheep, healthy ewe lambs were growing at 142g/<br />
day but those with ill-thrift grew only 46g/day. Over 62%<br />
<br />
Of these, 45% was due to parasitism, 19% due to fusaria<br />
toxicity <strong>and</strong> 36% had undiagnosed causes.<br />
<br />
Ill-thrift is caused by a number of different factors<br />
so it is important that tests can identify a particular<br />
cause. The project investigated <strong>and</strong> validated tests<br />
<br />
<br />
deoxynivalenol (DON). Following is a summary of tests<br />
for diagnosing ill-thrift.<br />
Table A: Summary of tests<br />
Table A:<br />
Cause Test<br />
<br />
quality<br />
<br />
content <strong>and</strong> visual test for dead/<br />
aged material are good methods.<br />
<br />
lamb parasite burden, less useful<br />
for cattle.<br />
<br />
toxin<br />
<br />
challenge requires further<br />
research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> not suitable for use.<br />
Urine test for high ergovaline levels<br />
validated by project. Not currently<br />
commercially available.<br />
Facial eczema <br />
counts, or blood GGT tests are<br />
very useful.<br />
Fusaria fungi <br />
measured to indicate the<br />
presence of other, more toxic<br />
fungi. These tests are available<br />
commercially.<br />
Trace elements Liver tests useful in many cases.<br />
<br />
<br />
at works with pleurisy is an<br />
indicator of pneumonia. Use<br />
<br />
<br />
calculate your level.<br />
<br />
<br />
Using the on-farm data, scientists were able to show the<br />
relationship between the levels of fungi, spores, larvae etc<br />
<strong>and</strong> liveweight gain suppression.<br />
The key links are -<br />
<br />
0.8 mg/kgDM, then it is likely that the toxic Trichothecenes<br />
will be reducing LWG by 40g/d in lambs <strong>and</strong> 0.2kg/day in<br />
cattle. Urine patches may have very high levels of fungi<br />
(200-times higher than inter-urine patches). However, this<br />
hypothesis requires further research.<br />
<br />
<strong>and</strong> around 70% of samples were shown to have fungi<br />
that produce toxins. However, the presence of toxic<br />
fungi does not mean that toxins are being produced, as<br />
was shown in further tests where fungi were present <strong>and</strong><br />
growing, but no toxins could be detected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The degree of LWG suppression was not able to be<br />
<br />
<br />
suppressed if above 500 epg in lambs <strong>and</strong> 300 epg in<br />
young bulls).<br />
<br />
<br />
The good news is that the biggest causes of ill-thrift<br />
(parasitism <strong>and</strong> pasture quality) can be reduced by<br />
management (e.g. providing stock with higher quality<br />
pasture, management to reduce larval contamination of<br />
pastures, worm control). It is best that farmers eliminate<br />
<br />
fungi issues.<br />
A mentor group of vets helped guide the project. Results<br />
have been passed on to vets <strong>and</strong> other industry people.<br />
MORE INFORMATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
Final Report:<br />
<strong>Management</strong> of the factors leading to ill-thrift in young<br />
<br />
Related Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong> resources:<br />
There are two R&D Briefs on trace elements, seven R&D<br />
Briefs on fungal toxins <strong>and</strong> eight R&D Briefs on parasites. For<br />
<br />
(0800 233 352).<br />
For the Wormwise information pack on managing internal<br />
<br />
Q-Graze software, phone Beef + Lamb New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
<br />
Ill-thrift project leader - Annette Litherl<strong>and</strong>, AgResearch<br />
annette.litherl<strong>and</strong>@agresearch.co.nz<br />
0800 BEEFLAMB (0800 233 352) | WWW.BEEFLAMBNZ.COM<br />
FUNDED BY FARMER LEVIES