Stability of Allyl Radicals

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Radicals • A significant group of reactions involve radical intermediates. • A radical is a reactive intermediate with a single unpaired electron, formed by homolysis of a covalent bond. • A radical contains an atom that does not have an octet of electrons. • Half-headed arrows are used to show the movement of electrons in radical processes. 2
Structure of Radicals • Carbon radicals are classified as 1°, 2°, or 3°. • A carbon radical is sp 2 hybridized and trigonal planar, like carbocations. • The unhybridized p orbital contains the unpaired electron and extends above and below the trigonal planar carbon. 3
Page 1: Stability of Allyl Radicals • The
Page 5 and 6: General Features of Radical Reactio
Page 7 and 8: Reaction of a Radical X• with a C
Page 9 and 10: Radical Halogenation of Alkanes •
Page 11 and 12: Halogenation of Alkanes—Mechanism
Page 14 and 15: Figure 15.4 Energy Diagram for Radi
Page 16 and 17: Radical Halogenation of Alkanes •
Page 18 and 19: Energy of Halogenation • The diff
Page 20: Energy of Radical Formation • Cal

Stability of Allyl Radicals

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