Black Panther Party of Northern California - Freedom Archives

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::AIi,AMBE~! ! UMC)JA! ! UHU~'t,Ul i 

~Jn1 . I, Na . 8 September, 1967 1211 Scott St . P.O . 1818? S .F.., Cglif. 

ss :~~ BA T T L E O F D E T R o 2 T 

. "'::he York Ttme. Jalq X+. 7567 

" . .~+' .D CITY:'Waodward Avenae (h~tirS' ~ Is floe 

'Ipatween Ar~pagr abd Natione~l Guard'op~kations. 

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.~is-.~~zCA AND WHITE AMERICA : °' . . . 

iT 1~~~~` .. , NAR-TORN CITY 

mporary quint, brokan by sporadiw 

uu° n duels between white and Black fo ;~ccs, 

has returned to war-torn Dct°qit 

following tho biggest mottle in thij ; lat~st 

stage in tho war botwoen whit~.Amorica 

and Black Amorica . 

But, according to Black Br

BLt1CK POWER : Page 3 

' The height of the battle oame'~uvsday 

night, July 25, when Black . ~forcos drove 

National Guardsmen and policy back out 

of the Udost Sido battle area with deadly 

rooftop and alleyway fire . 

All of V~hitey's highly' technical army 

,gti;ipmvnt, his troops, tanks, automat ic 

?rJeapOT1S, and heavy' artillery were us Bless 

against the -liberation fOTCeB' guor~ill~~ 

tactics`. 

Chafes are now being brought forth. 

th~~;'`~ National Guardsmen and Detroit pol~oe 

officers boat, tortured, and then 

~;urdsr d three Black Brothors who had 

ou~safety from the battle in a Det 

motel . This only confirms the 

that we are at war with Whitey, and 

Beast will use and has used anything 

keep from losing . 

" T}}e spark that paused this rebellion 

~.sn''~ important ; every blood in this 

ac~Tr :~LI;:Y Vv'~LCIi 

196?. . .YEAR OF ORGANIZATION 

country realizes that this trouble began 

400 yoars ago when Whitoy ripped us up 

from the soul . of Mother Africa, and the 

only ones who can b© l©golly convicted 

for 'tinoiting to riot" are president 

Johnson and the other rulers of white 

Amc3rica who have foreesd Black Peaply to 

live in those terrible conditions in the 

world's richest oountry . 

The Battle of Detroit sot off a chain 

of Black rebellions that swept the nation, 

causing billions of dollars in da 

mag© and proving that Black People are 

not going to sit bank like the Jews 

while w© are exterminated or nut~into 

concentration camps . 

As one Congr©ss white boy said, relations 

betwQen Black America and white 

America will never be the same again . 

Black Power, Brothors and Sisters! 

gonna win! For real! 

DOArAL17 J~iTFfC1'.?v 

Tho three people (they are definitely not Brothers and Sisters) pietur©d above 

are a~,ents working for the Beast against all Black People . 

'?'I~EY ARE DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR TIC ARRESTS OF OUR 17 BROTHERS AND SISTERS IN 

.A1 'YORK LAST JUNE ON FRAMED-UP ASSASSINATION CHARGES (Roy Vlilkins)! 

Vdatch out for them! By cool with thcrm : 

If you see them, get in contact with this newspaper imanediatelyd 

_, . ~ . , .r.. ..., .,.________,.__________.__________ 

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SUPPORT BROTI~R VTNCENT LYNCH 

y~r Q

BLACK POVJERJ Palo 4 

T H E , V1 . .~i R` O .F THE A M E R I C A S 

'fhe long hot surimer is almost over . 

V~hat had boon prophasized by practically 

avorybody to bo the most violent summer 

in recent history . . . .tho summer of 

1967 has spread its B1aek rebellion to 

over 30 U.~ . c tios from California to 

New York at the time ~ of this writing, 

and ;?romises to sweep the entire noun - 

try . . 

In Milwaukee, Vlisconsin,~ VThitey cut 

his own throat economically when he imposcd 

a 24-hour curfew -on the city fo1 

Iowing outbreaks of violenco botwee;n 

Black forges and white cops . For one 

full day nothing moved within the: city 

except white troops and Black snipars 

who const+~ntly haxassed ,thorn, and alvhough 

the violenc© let down there aro 

promises of more to come . So what will 

the ; Beast try nexts a one-week curfaw7 

On the East Sido of ;Harlem, ;New York, 

and in tho Bronx, three thousand Puerto 

Ricans {mostly Black stormed through 

the; stre©ts in New York's worst racial 

uprising since 1964 . Sniper fire from 

rooftops kept polico pinned down while 

liberators secured supplios from .atoms 

in 'the area . 

Similar incidents occurred in Grand 

Rapids, Michigan, Saginaw, ~4ichigan, 

Pontiac, Michigan, Wyoming, Michigan, 

Flint, Michigan, Cincinnati, Ohio, and 

Toledo, Ohio, which ring ; tho war-torn 

city of Detroit, and kept white nawor 

structure officials in a hurt worrying 

vJhether National Guard troops would b© 

snroad out too thin in tho-drea . Local 

police were helpless in the . uprisings, 

o.nd National Guard troops worn hardrresse;d 

to fight disapp©aring bloods usin~; 

guerrilla tactics . 

Lakeland, Florida, Mem phis, Tennessee, 

Witchita, Kansas, Catskills, New York, 

Rochester, New York, South Band, Indiana, 

and Englewood, New Jersey, ware-tho 

scone of gun duels betty©en Blacks and 

~olie©, and there were reports of rock 

and -bottle -throwing and -burning by Black 

SUPPORT BROTHER VINCENT LYNCH : 

1967 . . .YEAJ.~ OF ORGANIZFrTION 

goings in Phoniex and Tuoson, .~irizona, 

Portsmouth, Virginia, Houston, Toxas, 

Chicago, Illinois, Wnukogan, Lllinois, 

Bridgeport, Conneticut, V~àterbury, Conneticut, 

and Portland, Oregon all in the 

same period of a woek and a half . 

The significance of these latest uprisings 

is that rather than depending on 

rocks and bottles and roving in large 

crowds, most bloods are more and more 

using hit-and-run, shoot-and-hide guerri11a 

tactics . `

BLACK POti~tER : Pogo 5 

iVN I~L~W 

I am charged with inciting Blacl~: Pco-ple 

to commit ~n offense , .by tvay .of :protest 

against the law, a lave in ,~%rh.ich 

neither I nor spy . of ,~y people have any 

say in preparing. The Iaw age~inst v~.ihich 

the protest was direbted ~thi; la~ni ~:a~hich 

denies freedom) is the law tivhich c stc;b-lished 

this country . 

. 

I consider myself 

neither morally 

nor legally 

bound to obey the 

lavas made by a 

body, in which I 

ha~re no represent 

ttion . That the 

w~ll of the peop~e 

is the basis 

q~' the authority 

,bf governm.ent, is 

principle uni- 

~ersally acknowlobed 

as sacred 

all over the civilized 

world and 

constitutes the 

H . RAP ' BRt~WN - 

Rappin' it do~~n 

basic foundation 

and is l©golly bound by the lavJS braver 

ing this country, 

It should be equally understandab~.e 

that we, as Black People, should ads t 

the attitude that wo arc neither moral y 

nor legally bound to obey laws wh cli 

were not made with .our consent and v~hich 

°seek to oppress us . Nor can we lie° expected 

to have confidence in cou,r'~s the~t 

int©rpret and enforce such lavi~s . The 

white man makes all the laws, he drags 

us before .h.is courts, he accuses us, and 

he sits in judgement -o~ror us, : . _: . . . . . . . . 

Do not deeeiv© yourselves into believing 

that penalties will deter men from 

the course that they believe is right . 

History shows that penalties do not doter 

my people or the colleagues with 

whom I ha ve worked . 

We stand on thQ eve of a ,Black Revolur 

tion . Masses of our people are on the 

move, fighting the enemy tit-for-tat, 

responding to counter-revolutionary vio- 

1967, . .YEi~.R OF ORG.~~IvI1~~TI0N 

S SOUL 

lance with revolutionary vialcxico, an 

eye for an eye, a tooth for t; tooth,

BLACK POWER : Pa e 6 

BLACKS REBEL IN EAST PALO .ALTO 

Police sicked.dogs on Black Sisters 

and shot dawn Black Brothers in the 

street last month, causing bloods to go 

on a two-day rampage in East Palo Alto 

and sparking the beginning; of a "Black 

Patrol" in th e area . 

On Saturday night, July 29, a concert 

at Nlenlo Atherton High School riven 

the Majesties, a local Black sinL;ing 

group, was broken up by police violence 

when a white cop asked a Brother to 

leave because "I don't like your attitude 

." 

After the show, a crowd of Brothers 

gathered around the two white cons, protesting 

the action, and when one of the 

pops pulled out his pistol he was bombarded 

with bottles and ash trays . 

Police reinf oreements, which had been 

waiting ar®und the corner, were rushed 

in, complete with eight to tc3n dogs, 

which were immediately sicked on several 

Black Sis-t-ers . Several Black Sist©rs 

were pushed to the ground by police, and 

one Bla ck Brother, Clarenc e J.enkins , wa s 

severely beaten b :;r police . 

The ne xt night, a white cop fired 

twice into a cravrd of young bloods afte;r~ 

he was hit in the jaw by a brick . Two 

Brothers were hit and one of them, Ronnie 

Hall, was later charged with attempted 

murder, 

the brick . 

even though he did rot throvr 

Brothers in the area have formed a 

Black Corr~nunity Relations Association 

and are currently following; police cars 

around, making sure they are fair and 

honest in their dealings with the Black 

East Palo Alto community . 

RACIST NAZI LEADER ASSASSINATED 

George Lincoln Rockwell, racist white 

leader of the American ATazi Party, vans 

gunned down in a parking lot last vree).t 

by "ono of his most loyal followers," 

thus ending his 49 years of hate-peddling 

against Elack People . 

Ha -ha -ha ~ha -ha -ha -ha . . . 

1967 . . ,YEAR OF ORGANIZATION 

BROTHERS TURN ARMY SECRETS OVER TO USSR 

Provingthat Black: People in all areas 

of American life, including th© A rmy, 

arc; showing their hate of ~'Phite Power, 

two Black U.S . Army sergeants were recently 

arrested for "conspiring to turn 

over national defense information" to 

the Russians . 

Sgt . I . C . ITlysses L . Harris and S . 

Sgt . Leonard J . Stafford, the Brothers 

arrested, have blown the lid off the assumption 

that alI Black Army personnell, 

especially non commissioned officers, 

are completely loyal to the white racist 

U.S . government . 

There havQ been rumors that a large 

number of Black soldiers in the U . S . Armed 

Forces are getting ready to revolt, 

tired of fighting T~~Ihitey's wars abroad 

while the same Army they are fighting in 

murders their mothers and fathers back 

hero in the U . S . 

;ficum©nt 

VtrILL U . S . 

Vdhitey 

LAVE BE THROVTN AVvAY COMPLETELY? 

is getting roaelytochange his 

Constitution . 

It onl~e takes 34 s~~ates to call f or a 

Constitutional Convention, and at this 

writing 32 states (including California 

have approved the ca'.Lling . 

Since the Constitui~ion is the basis of 

all American lavaanr , changes in the do-~ 

will mean 

tey's law . 

vast changes in VJ°hi- 

According to 

forczign observers, the 

U.S . is going througYi its worst domestic 

troubles since the Civil Vdar, and in the 

future anything can happen . 

M . L . KING CALLS FOR TJSE OF ARMY ON BLO©DS 

lt~Zartin Luther King Coon has endorsed 

the use of federal troops to stop Black 

Peopla fighting for our freedom in the 

streets (where our freedom was lost, 

proving once more that ho has ties with 

the white racist power structure . 

"There is no question that when a riot 

erupts it has to be rialtod," King said . 

But when asked if he would go .into a ~caar 

zone to help fahitey put down the Black 

rebellion, King said. no, that there was 

nothing h© could do . 

A . Philip Randolph, Vdhitney Young, and 

Roy Vdilkins all made similar statements .

BLACK PEOFLE DO IT TO DEATH IN NEt~ARK 

The Battle of Newark, X967 : 

a . . . 

Ranking along with Lost A~rg~s'f~'"`~~965, 

Ghica.gc~, 1,966, and 1S©trait, 1967, as the 

'bi~Gest confrontations between Black Amr~rica 

and white U.S . forces, Newark, Now 

Jersey, is on© of the countless American 

cit9.es from San Francisco to Tampa, fror.: 

Iu7ew York to San Diego, that has felt the 

vdrath of 400 years of pent-up Black 

cr a.nd frustration . 

ang- 

In a five-day skirmish in the only rna- 

7or U .S . city to have a majority Black 

population (most other U .S . cities will 

rc~ch a majority Black population by 

1975, at the latest , Black guerrilla 

.f.'i~;hters pinned .down police with snipor 

:ire whit© liberation forces searched 

~~hite shops for suppli©s . 

udhite forces declared "open season on 

"_a9.£gers," shooting Black women and children 

on the streets and even sitting in 

thE:ir homes, inflicting 1, 600 injuries, 

anci murderix~ unofficially up to 50 

Black Brothers and Sisters . LeRoi Jones 

Black poet wh o has b©en in the Bay Aroc 

for sores tim©, was picked up off the 

streets, beaten by the cops, and later 

framed on a concealed weapons charge . 

ti'Thite forces also destroyed most Black 

businesses in the area, shooting out the 

windows and setting fire to many blood 

1967 . . .YEAR OF ORGI~NIZ,,i~TION 

LeROI JONES : Beaten, framed 

stores with "Soul Brother" written on 

them . 

However, the final total damage to the 

Boast's pocketbook was well otre~ X100 

million, and, according to the Brothers 

from all ovar the Black nation, "You 

ain't soon not hing yet, baby ." 

(In the next issue of BLACK POWERS 

an ©xc usive resort on the ewark B ack 

Power Conference 

. 

CARMICHAEL BLOVIS HA RD AT CUBA CONFERENCE 

Stoke y Carmichael, former chairman of 

the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 

is curr©ntly in Havana, Cubm, 

attending a conference of the Latin American 

Organization of Solidarity . 

Prensa Latino, the Cuban press agency, 

quoted Cannichael as saying, "we are 

preparing groups of urban guerrillas for 

our defense in the cities . The price of 

these rebellions is a high price that 

ono must, pay . This fight is not going 

to be a simple street meeting . Tt is 

going to be a fight to the death ." 

Brother Stokely visited Puerto Rico 

earlier this yoar, and he is reported to 

be leaving for Hanoi, Democratic Republic 

of Vietnam, later this week far a 

visit.

BLA-CK _POV_dER : Pair:. 8 

VnIITE FORCES USE CIiEMIC~.L "MF1CE'' TO HtiLT BLACKS IN NEWT MAVEN 

VYhite cops used chemical warfare to 

rout angry bloods off oho streets of Nova 

Haven, Conn., last week, proving that 

the enemy is moving toward the complete 

use of gas on Black ~3meric~ns . 

"A.Zace," a chemical which "blinds th~° 

eyes and causes the victim to lose hi~~ 

will to resist," was used to a. id fhit ,~ 

in the arrest of 200 Brothers and Sis- 

BUCK REBELLIONS RO CK THE BAY AREA 

In the s ame period that s aw B12. ck Lib-~ 

e;rats.on Forces and l~Thitoy's troops battle; 

in Detroit and irz cities from coast 

to coast, Calif ornia, particulttrly the 

Buy l~rea, was also hit . 

Tn San Francisco, Black youths tossed 

fire bombs in th© Mayfair Superma .rl~et at 

Geary and Vfebster in the Fillmore District, 

and police sealed off a 30 -square 

block section of the district after the 

bloods broke out most of the store windows 

up and down the street . Ono Brother 

waa shot by a Black Tom clerk at the 

Mayfair Supf;~rmarket, and the windowsmashing 

and looting spread to the nearby 

Htiight-Ashbury District and as far .a-v^gay 

as Market Street . - 

The scone was about the same at Oakland's 

85th Avenue and E . loth St . on 

the East Side, scer_e of similar rock, ,and y.' 

battle throwing incidents since lust October 

. 

There were repeated gun duels betty©en 

>>olice and Black Lib©ration Forces in 

i~J:arin City, and molotov cocktails wore 

t;.'lrown at white stores and white police . 

And in Sacramento, Uncle Tom Assemblyrian 

ti"J'illie Brohan was booed down by a 

crov+ad of bloods in the Oak Park section 

of town when he tried to talk them into 

leaving the streets . 

"Go home and have a drink with your 

white boss," one Brother shouted . 

Bloods tossed gasoline bombs and bet - 

tles in. the state capitol . 

1967 . . .YEAR OF ORGAPTIZt~TTON 

ters on charges ranging from "inciting 

to riot" to "curfew violation." 

This complet©ly throws out any claims 

by the enemy that he is too humane to 

use gas on Black Peopl© . V'~Chitey dons 

not consid er us to be human, and we can 

expect him to break out more damagi ng 

cheriicais in the future . 

Got toge~the r, BrothE: rs 1 

U,iHTTEY BREAKS THE TREATY OF 1863 : 

SFiOSHONE INDIAN ILLEGALLY SENTENCED 

A Shoshone Indian, legally exempt from 

the LT . S . draft becaus e of a treaty VJ'hitey 

signed with his people in 1863, was 

illegally sentenced by the Beast to 5 

years 

serve 

nam ." 

at hard labor for refus ing to 

in the "tivhite man`s war in Viet- 

Richard D . Vuilliams, the sole support 

of his aged mother and crippled father, 

was ora.ginally tricked into submitting 

to, induction by draft board members and 

a white "Indian agent;," who told him 

t'zat if he went in he wou ld s eon get a 

hardship dis charge . 

' 1 The draft board doc;sn't take the sons 

of rich (white farmers and ranchers," 

s'Villiams said in court . "Just dumb Indnns 

like me ." 

Rolling Thunder, who r©presented more 

than 6000 Nevada Shoshones in his testimony, 

charged that the 1863 Tr©aty of 

Ruby Valley was only on© of 300 the 

Beast made and later broke with the ori~ 

ginal and legal owners of America . 

"That treaty, gentlemen, was written 

1 .~!i~h the blood of our p©ogle," Rolling 

Thunder rapped . "The Indians came unarrriod 

. . . .the soldiers had riflcs . . . .they 

killed an Indian and .put him in an iron 

poto . .>cooked him . . .made the other Indians 

eat hasn." 

This is only morn ;?roof that Vdhitey 

cares nothing for anyone but t'uhitey, even 

if he must break his awn laws to do 

vo .

BLA CK PONDER: Pa e 9 

13,P,C . CALLS FO 

Far full many a decade the Black race 

~~1 America has suffered the failure of 

the ATegro college . Sueh institutions 

?zavc: swept potentia 1 the on sts f rom the 

Black community and converted them into 

ste'.ri le; lackeys for an oppressive and 

~~~orally decadent society . As of now, 

the situation shotivs no signs ( udging 

i"rar, a number of studies, statistics, 

rd systematic observation) of mending 

itself, and irxi eod appears to grow vJOrse 

each hour of the day . 

Vte;, the members of the Black Power 

Commit -~se, stand opposed to that pathetl.c 

¬and skifataeless trend . Our aims rare : 

(1) the overthrow of the Negro college 

~~aith white innards and (2) to raise in 

-it4, place a militant Black University 

vahich will counteract the whitewashing 

Black students nrnro receive in 'Negro" 

and vtirhite institutions . Vde are working 

to bring the Black college and the Black 

aamrnunity toga~ther as one in ra common 

~~nd invincible army to fight our common 

en emy . 

'vJc, (Black students, Blaelc professors, 

Black Vlomen, and Black pr ison.ors of the 

t,lzetta) represent a variety of "social" 

groups bound together by a common devot7.on 

to Black Justice and Black Freedom . 

1`TC-,~v~r, so long as we breathe, will we 

buckle under in the struggle to mold the 

Black Unity heretofore disrupted by this 

vuhite trickery and deception . Our model 

.s South Carolina State College (in 

~.rangeburg) which recently struck in 

craves, although they suffered a news 

` TV~ahiteout °' by the free white pr©ss of 

rnerioa . 

u"de must unite or peris h.: ~ ~N~ - ax"o ~ca ll:ing, 

therefore, fox- two nationwide canf'~renc 

es . One s~ to .being together rev- 

~~lutianary Black stud©nts and Broth~rs~, 

f'rc~n Black cop~munities acr9s,s,- the land . 

^1%'~1'lE:~ other ,~~rill shape ~ .and cement a new 

la:irit of corn, unity, and rev_olut .icr-w 

n_r ry. .-t}~ou~ht and inqui~y-~n ~t'h©~ part of 

. .. ? ~i'cl~ professors in "Negro" ,and white 

colleges and universities . 

1967 . . .YE~liR OF ORGANI~la.TTON 

~ a~acK u!v~ 

Although most of the specifics of our 

program will'~be developed at those cone 

ferences, our goals revolve around the 

complete revamping of the "Negro" co? .lego 

. This includes a purge of the: 

brainwashing faotories navy called liby"aries, 

where students read second--hand 

Shakespeare and learn little or nothing 

of merit and rehevanco to the Black 

Man's predicam©nt . Moreover, the must: 

Yiave a complete overhauling of the present 

curricula and the building of courses 

of study more pertinent to the prcsent 

and future demands of the Black 

struggle in America and the world . Swahili, 

for example, a major African long-~ 

ua ge, should be compulsory paw . At the 

same time, it is nee©ssary to launch a 

vigorous campaign to change the names of 

Black universities to commemorate the 

courage and deeds of Black thinkers and 

theorists paw dead rather than white imperialists 

and their Black Toms . A move 

is elready underway at Lincoln University 

(Pa .) to switch the name to Fredrick 

Douglas University . V1'e applaud the initiativ© 

shown by these stud ents and def- 

(Continued on~next Page)

tBh.t~G{ FQVd'ER: Page l0 

LACK AMERICA SPEAKS 

35~ pcr copy 

244 Exit 46tt+ Street 

:+law Yank, SLY., 14017 

JPt~saee enroll me as a epb- 

~criber tor. 

raame-.-._.~__w_______ 

Adroae___ 

~tty__. ..,.. .... .-,_ ., .State- .. 

~1~ Coda..-.-......., ._._.....» - 

X'oysreent er~elaared 

[iiJl me Inter 

rnF,nd tYmt Howard University (after Olivc~r. 

Otis Howard, late white general in 

~hc U .S . army) become Garvey University 

or Tux~nor University . 

Stand opposed to the present situaio,z 

~..n which Black students and potent}il 

students are drafted and murdered 

~.r~. Vietnam for a freedom they do not 

have in. Choir own land . V;'e believe that 

tlxc; servic© of Black Men in U.S . war efforts 

stratchin~; back to the Revolutionc,ry 

VT~xr proves that our military particj;ipation 

will have zio baring on the 

?3rospc;ets for Black Freedom and Justice 

i~~1 America . Therefor©, we call for a 

solidified effort to bring Black troops 

b~~ackhome . Bring Black troops back 

home . America is the Black Man's true 

bv:kttleground . It is both futile and 1udicrous 

for Black Men to kill, defend, 

c~z~zd ~.ie in Vietnam and leave behind 

thc;ir women and ehildron to fend for 

Themselves . This seems merely ono mor© 

B~.ack genocidal ©ffort on the part of 

I7 : S . society in which Black Vdomen will 

> Black V~oman's rage in the fac© of 

t.;tiZ:is oppression grows stronger with each 

okay . ~ Black 'i'lomen across the country 

have formed Black V'Tomen Enraged organiz- 

1967 . . .YF~AR OF ORGANIZI~TION 

ations . .not only to protest, but also to 

halt this heinous situation . The Black 

Power Committee, in conjunction with 

these B1aCk Sisters, Cs recruiting other 

Black Women, especially the wives c:>.nd 

mothers of Black Men now soldiors in Vi-~ 

etnam. These Sisters will be picketing, 

waging write-in campaigns, purging "beauty'~ 

shops, and generally working to 

bring about a Black awareness that 1~mF~r-ica 

is the Black Man's battleground . 

And, b©cause America is the Black Maxi's 

true battleground, floe Black race Tnus', 

rally around Muhammad Ali and other Bro 

thess lik© him to protest their dra'.E't 

notices . 

The prim° movers for this sti~u~ ~;xe 

will consist of Blacl~ students, Ba,ack . 

professors, Black Vdomen, and the Black 

community . We call for the abolition ci:. 

ROTC on Black college campuses . VTe r~oa~M 

ist the further removal of Black s - t;ud 

opts by means of tests standardi?ed u~~ 

the privileged white students and -theirr 

"m©an" scores . tiYe seek rather to ha :~~c. 

the present invasion on the par :: o{: 

white students and teachers who take al':. 

seats and salaries which might go tc: 

Black students and teachers unable t ;~ 

meet tuition and quota demands of wrz :~te 

colleges . 

Vde will not retreat From our struggle,. 

come what may, and wf ; will strive, by 

any means availabl©, to bring freedom 

and justice to the Black race or give to 

a cruel and racist white America,.the de~-struction 

it deserves . 

SUPPORT BROTHER VINCFNT LYNCH° 

Two weeks ago, Brother Vincent Lyncrz ., 

a Revolutionary Black Nationalist v~ha 

has worked for Black Power in the Bay Area 

for several years and whose ~ :,~a~.h . : :., 

was tYze West Coast coordinator c~f the 

Marcus Garvey Movement back in the 20's~ 

wss "set-up' t 

by the white racist powc ~ 

structure of White Amor~ica . 

In order to fight the trumped-u~ charges 

of his case, Bro' Lynch needs finr:~n-~ 

cial as well as physical support . For 

further information, write to the '~TIN~ 

CENT LYNCH DEFEPJSE FUND, P . O . 1097, Bor-~ 

keley, Calif ., 94701 . 

Let's make Black Power work°

BLt=~CT.~~ POV ~rER : Page 11 - 

1967 . . .YEER OF ORGANIZ1iTION 

Vlhere are the warriors, the young men? 

VVho guards the women's quarters -- the burnt-hair©d 

nuomer_'s quarters -_ 

~ar~3 hears their broken sobbing in the night? 

V~Ihere are the warriors, the young men? 

1Nho guards the women's quarters? 

EARTH 

(f or Mrs . Mary Bethune and the 

African and AfricanAmerican woman) 

(by Roland Snellings, from SO'JLBOOK 2) 

To endur© . To remain, like the red earth, strong and fecUndant . 

Your conpery,~ chocolate, ebony warm-skin scoured . . .and toughened 

by the grid wind . 

. -The wrinkles'in your eyes, your smile, your frowning foreheads 

arc ~he Stars within your Crown, my women . 

Cares come and go ; dreams fade away ; sons are lost 

on lonely battlefields . . .s©vexed by Nordic Meataxe . 

Men are broken . . .babble . . .lift their bloody genitals 

upon the tainted altar of the Snow Queen 

Her frigid, sterile smile is a tribute to the vengeance of her Caesars . 

V'~heru, than, is Spartacus, is Attila, is Hannibal? 

V+Iho thunders, now, upon those Seven Hills? 

They are gone . . .and . . .only you r©main! 

You whose j~Jomb has warmed the European hills and made the Pal© Snows tawny . 

Pagan Spain, sunny France, Italy and the fabled Grecian Tsles 

are drenched by the Sunlight of your sm ile : 

D~other of the V~Forld! 

Fecundant, Beating H©art! 

Enduring Earth! 

O nl~r you r©main .'! 

SUPPORT MRS . VINCENT LYNCH 

AND F,~MILY

RILIPINOS TCB~; DEVELOP ARMED BASES 

ThePhigl .~pino People's Liberation Ar - 

riy (PLA~ has boon carrying out a policy 

of developing base areas to work from as 

well as engaging in armed struggle, according 

to a Manila report ., They now 

come out more often than before on raiding 

missions in support of the peasants' 

struggle against local tyrants and their 

~~ccamplices . 

In the ten days from June 3 to June l2 

the liberation fighters made threes raids 

in Central Luzon, killing six landlords 

who had been accused of misty©sting peasants 

. A r:anila press -report said that 

nn the evening o;~ June 6, three PLA men 

went into the house of ono of these land 

oti~mers in P.nnptznga : Pro4incp, ~,arrpsted 

him, tried and convicted him on the spot 

of mistreating peasants, and then shot 

him: to d oath . 

Another report said that two PLA men 

had ambush©d five special agents of the 

first military district of security forces 

of the Philli~pine government, killing 

four of them and heavily wounding another, 

before they thrms©Ives safely 

returned to their base . 

The Philla.pin® paper "Daily Mirror" 

disclosed that in the first four months 

of this year the PLA had supported the 

peasants' s~rug~le by killing; -l$ tyrant 

landlords . Last year it had done away 

with 73 landlords, and has definitely 

vaon the warm support of the broad masses 

of ,the poor peasants . , 

SUPPORT BROTHER VINCENT LYNCH : 

1967 . . .YE1`1R OF ORGANIZATION 

GUERRILLA FIGHTERS T1~KE HOLD IN ECUAhOR 

QUITO, EGUADOR . . .Tho daily, E1 Coniercio," 

has affirmed that in spite of denials 

by the Ecuador goverrnnent, guerrilla 

groups do exist in the Guayllamb 

zone, Pichincha provinc© . The publics°° 

Lion confirmed that groups of revolutionaries 

are naw operating in the San Lorenzo 

jungle and that they are using mo~° 

for boats to move from one place to ano~m 

then across the Esmer¬~lda river . On the; 

other hand, the goverrsrnent minis tar, 

Bcsnjamin Teran, again denied the ex~ .s°° 

tenco of these guerrillas . Ain't tI-.-~t, 

cold? 

ARAB LAV~YERS' FEDERATION CONDEb2NS CHUG?{ 

CAIRO, UAR. . .The Arab Lawyers' fedcra ;- - 

tion recently issued a statement cond~r - 

ning US imperialism for manipulating tr~c 

United Nations to serve its policies o : 

aggression.. The statement commented rn 

the UN's failure to adopt a resolution 

denouncing the US-British-Israeli a~;ros 

sion against drab countries or to ordea 

. .It 

the aggr©s`~~~s "t'~' ~r ~Tidrs~r: 

~ :,~ ~c. 

that the failure of the UN clearly shared 

that world imperialism headed by the 

US continued to excereise control over 

this nternati-onal body to serve Chuck' 

poJ..icy , ,of. aggression, sti.~1e the a.nde-. . 

pende'nce and freedom of Black peoples, 

and to strike at the liberation anovements 

in the Third World . 

MOZAMBIQUE BROTHERS "G ;ET VVHITEY" 

D,AR ES SALl~~M, TANZANIA . . . . T~Iozambique 

guerrillas launched 16 attacks and ambu-~ 

sties against the portuguese colonialist 

troops in Ca.bo Delgado province from April 

24 to June 6, killing l66 portuguesEs 

soldiers and wounding many others, according 

to a communique recently published 

by the Mozambique freedom fighters . 

The communique also said that our Bro-~ 

th~rs in Mozambique. destroyed five enemy 

vehicles and sabotaged a number of 

controlled by the enemy. 

roAds 

BLA-CK POUJER :

!~F'UM : 

TH F 

c3LACKEST 

PANTHER 

"It can. the~ :~tlse be said that pal3tics 

is war without bloodshed while war is 

politics with bloodshed." 

__~~~f ~~ ~~~~~ 

--MaA Tse~tung 

Selected. g Militax~ 

Writ Page 227) 

'fod~+, y , self-defense as a system and as a ~°~;ality has been liquidated by the march of events 

. 

Calambia with its zones of peasant self -defense, and Bolivia with its zones of worker 

self-ciefens©, constituted the --two countries in which this conception acquired the strength 

of a line " These two "nuclei of subversion" woe©, within a few months of each other, li- 

:p , id "ated by the army : Marquetalia, in southern Colombia, occupied in May of 1964, and the: 

:~o1iv~.a,n mines invaded in May and September of 1965, after tragic battles . This double 

dc:fr;ati signifies the end of an epoch and attests to tho death of a certain ideology . It 

i,~ necossary that the revolutionary movement should once and for all accept this demis© . 

'fht end of an epoch, the epoch of relative class equilibrium . The beginning of another, 

thrt of total class warfare, excluding ca~.npromis©s solutions and shared power . 

In view of the present polarizatian of exploited and exploiters in a necolonial country, 

the fact that a por'fion of territory can exist in which the army and the state cannot 

proceed "to the normal oxc©rcis© of their functions," is more than tho new imperialist le 

gality can tolerate but at the same time not onough to endanger it . The failure of n~.~frd 

,~e :~ .f "~defense of the masses corresponds on the :n= litary lavr:~l to tho ~fai7,uro of_ roforrii :,m 

o~~ the political level . In the new context of struggle to the death, there is no plat© 

for spurious solutions, no plat© for the pursuit of an equilibrium betweon oligarchic and 

popular f orcos through tacit non-aggrossian pacts . Oligarchical dictatorships pose the 

alternative of beginning to dsstroy them on bloc or of aceopting them en bloc : there is no 

middle wcay . Besides, self-defense is discredited today ; its owrr former supporters hAVb 

made of it the beginning of higher f orms of struggle . But bewareI It tends to appear a~air. 

in more seductive forms, though naturally without revealing its name . It tends to ro 

apgromr~,x~ .hixt~-~this is not always correct . In fact, i~t is rar case . o would que- 

sti.on the heroism 'of the Black Peop~.e of Monroe, Pdorth a, fighting ' ag~inst the KKK 

and the whit© racist police? And the courage 

ess in battle of the Ca~ombian peati 

ants, who were the principal victims o ~t terri~le ten-year civil war is~ which more 

than 100,000 of them fell? Who .,zu deny that the sacrifice and~olidArity off' the Paris 

workers during the 'tJun~, .'d~ ~and the Commune are mr~t again in 1952 i.n the .40,000 miners 

and industrial wo~r of La Paz, the heroes of the first American workers' revolution? 

6 

~"'"~ 

Self-d,~f~nse does not suffer from a lack of boldness among its promoters . Quite to the 

con~~i~y, it frequently suffers from a profusion of admirable sacrifices, of wasted heroism 

leading nowhere . . .that is, leadin; anywhere ©xcept to the conquest of politica l power . 

It is therefore better to speak of armed spontaneity . Its very ideological origin reveals 

to us the^ epoch in in~hich it was born : prior 'to P~arx . The Indian upriaing led by Tupac Am 

aru II in Pexu at the end of the eightec,nth centur~_vc; -~ra1.1,..-~a-ve- been called self-defense 

. Th© Indians rose up, by the terls ot~ thousands,, drove out the criollo landowners, 

killed the Spaniards on the spot, and recovered the land stolen from them by the eneomien 

,da system . The movement, however, was quickly dissipated in local vicstories ; themans, 

a~s they approved the coast, occupied thca lands and remained in the mountains : no more or 

.r __

,c"t, ~!?OyyER .~ Page 15 _ . 1967 . . . YEAR OF ORGANI7as~y :~,N 

. . . ~°4:~;ular army, no independent shock troops . The insurgents, masters of the coiaY~t-~~;~" " 

:-;,:~.c~~°, disdained to march on Lima.,. . seat of the Vice Royalty. This gave Lima time ';o r w 

;;, ~:~up un army ; and reconquest was achieved without difficulty, under what conditiatl ;: ono 

r :; ,v:. 7~c ; 11 imagine . The uprising of the C.ornuneros of Colombia, led by the famous Tt~zanue ;la 

~:; : ."..~":a~;r~, in roughly the same epoch, could also bo call©d self-"defense . 

~u ;t as economism denies the vanguard role of the party, self-defense denies the ra .e of 

':, le; c, ;;n :.d unit, which is orUanically separate; from the civilian population» Just tas x^~, g"~~ 

o .~rr~i.,5rn ai.rrts' to constitute a mass party without selection of its militants or dis ;;_~. ;~ .ii::Ac; ;: 

;n:ization, self-def©nee aspires to inte rate everyone into the armed struggle, *o 

mass guerrilla. force with women, chiJ.dren, and domestic animals in the rnids~la cJf - sac 

c : ,-, , i ~C ; .;r c o lumn . 

. 

. 

~~ :,st N.s spontaneity does not aspire to political power for the exploited and con~~eaue~:a- 

~t, ~ d~:~~ ":~ n.ot organize itself into a political party, self-defense does not aim at r-fii,itc:t~;, 

"u,:~r~:~macy for the exploiaed and consequently does not aspire to organize itself e~s a pop , 

'.a :. - x~~,gul~~,r army with its own mobility and initiative . It may be said that there ~ :~ s~: i}''~ 

d~ ;r:e~;iso vrherever ta stratq~;ic :.mob9 .lE~ f~,:its 

dictatorship of violence ; it maintaira 

popular pressure" rather t ::an '`run-~ 

of the ruling class, promoting divisolutions 

as viotories .

BLC:.CK POV~ER : Pale L6 ~.967 . . .YF.~~.R OF ORGANIZt1TI0N 

Che Cxuevara writes, in his preface to .Giap's V'1ar of the 

People--., hr~y of the People s 

~~~~~£-defense is nothing More than a small part of a 

ole, with special characteristics . It is never possi- 

~, b1~ to concej.~re of a self-d ofense zone as complete in itself,,_ 

~ :e . as a r©gion where the popular forces attempt 

.~,---to~defend themselves against enemy attack, while the entire 

zone beyond remains free of disturbances . In such a 

case, the foco would be localized, cornered, and defoatQd, unless there occurred an immediFte 

passage to the first phase of the people's war, in other we>rds, to guerrilla warfare 

. " 

Some t9xne after Che wrote this, "the peasant zone of self-~daf©nse'T of Marquetalia, Co-" 

lombia, and the othQr "independent republics °' were occupied and dissolved by the enemy, 

and Marulanda had to return t~o mobile ~ue.rrilla warfare . A self-~defens© zone when it is 

neither the r©suit of a total or partial military defeat of enemy forces, nor protected by 

a guerrilla front constantly on the offensive, is no morn than a colossus with feet of 

clay . Its collapse deals a blow to the morale of the popular forces all the morn serious 

and unexpected because this type of status quo appears to be unalterable ; a euphoric myth~~ 

elegy develops and envelops the reality of these zones . Since they may last for ,year=s, it 

is for,~~otten that they are the fruit of a tacit compromise, not of a real victory ; and 

'-hey come to be considered impregr~rable . Vigilance is lulled ; more and more it is for otten 

+e put the militias to the test, t o supervise training and armament ; discipline is relaxed 

. On the revolutionary side these territories, presumably liberat©d, are converted 

into a simple object of political propaganda---alibis for inaction anther than invitations 

tc~ greater action . On the side of reaction, they provide ready-~mr~de justification for po~ 

sing fi.s guardians of national unity and territorial integrity threatened by this canceroa,~ 

growth, and for attacking the communist "separatists ." For propaganda reasons, the boor°geoisie 

little by little inf laces the real danger and the fear 'it feels, an inflation 

which can deceive the revolutionaries thEmselves, eventually ; persuading them that the 

guerrilla fore© is really a cancer, and that time alone will finish off the patien~: . 

Thus, the "subsiding of th© swelling," whop the army passes over to the attack after long 

preparations made at its Leisure, will have a major effect : a greai; victory for the bour-~ 

geoisie, a great defeat for the revolutionaries . 

--Reprinted from Revolution in the Revolution by Regis Debray 

MONTHLY REVIEW -- July ~iugust, 1967 

Hey, Baby, Have you checked out the now issue of SOULBOOK? 

SOULBOOK ~'=6 Contents 

BLACKNESS, THAT'S INHERE IT'S AT . . . . . . . . . . . .Editor~.al 

SCIENCE IN THE SERVICE OF REVOLUTION . . . . . . .Mohammed Cherif 

RACISM IN FRANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Frantz Fanon 

A "GHETTO" PJIASCULINITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .> . . . . . .James Ponder 

LOVE ME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ernie Allen 

THE NATION OF ISLF~r, AN ESTIb~IATE . . . > . . . . . . . Harry H'.aywood 

TfIE PROBLEMS F1":CII~ BL~Fi CK .AMERI CA . . . . . . . . . . . Cedrio Littl© 

THE V~tORLD IS A BLfiCK P~~1DT+S hAND (Part 2) . . .Viiillie Green 

Poetry by Carol Freeman, LeRoi Jones, Sonia Sanchez, Major Carter 

VJright, H V7infield Tavesti . V~Tilliam R Lamppa, K ti~Tilliam 

Kgositsile, and Bobb Hamilton 

75¢ per copy Dig on us at your nearest bookstand, or write 

P.O . Box 1097, Berkeley, Calif ., 94701 

~ $ORT BROTHER VINCENT LYNCH ANI~ HIS FAMily 

MONEY T0 : VINCENT LYNCH DEFENSE FUND 

p .o " box log7 

Berkeley, calif . 9+701 

make checks payable to Vincent Lynch

~:~s.+t'aC~ ~Yv~.Re Pa~e 1~. 

B M . 

..: L,E ... 

A S 

C S 

K I. 

~~11 of the religious m©ssiahs who prer~;ded 

Jesus of Nazareth were Black . In 

r~rrci .snt days, the messiahs in India, 

t;}~lina, Japan ; and Egypt were portrayed 

t:s having Black skin, wooly hair, thick 

mauth ;a, and flat noses . These messiahs 

x:11 livc;d over l, 000 years before Jesus 

Chra.s -t, and led lives which closely peru1 

:~11ed his . X11 had virgin births, ten 

c isci lcs, and performed miracles . They 

:= ~ r ~o ;11 crucifa:ed at the a e of 33 and 

ros© from the dead on the third day to 

dh:scend into something equivalent to hea 

vcsn . 

:I :L one part 'of India, this Black messiah 

~c~rns eaile~. Ics Cktzîstna ~(~:hristna 

r1E ins "the Black One` s ) . The similarity 

bet~~~ec;n the nape "Christna" and "Christ" 

1~:~ds on© to believe that Christ may 

ha ve been dcr~.ved from Christna . (This 

also implies that ..Jeesus Christ .was a 

Bla ck r~:aan . ) 

In cnot 

r 

r ;part of India ; the Black 

messiah U~ -eallod Buddha . Another name 

e.1sc u~ad for Buddha was Sut-Meshi, 

which ~s the name for the B,Ls,ek .African 

fro~r~~ancient DTubia . 

Buddha is clearay portrayed with Black 

skin, wooly hair, thick lips, and a flat 

r.oN~; . He was foretold by prophets and 

was nre;riaturely wise in his youth . 

~~`~hethcr called Christna or Buddha, 

this Indian messiah, led the same life . 

Ies Christna even dined with his ten discw 

1us'at his last supper . At his crur, 

fix3.on, th~'~ :c,rth shook and the sun er 

1 .J,. ~~ J Fid . . 

' I :A'~Jca.pran, : .thcs Hl~ack mossiah was called 

zca :?~rra also, but in :China, he~was called 

L a o--t e or I~a o-kuin . Both the Japane s e 

and the Chinese Buddhas w©re portrayed' 

r~s having vvooly hair . 

H 

S 

1967 . . .YEAR OF ORG.~~NI7.ATION 

Quitzacoall, ancient Black HQexican messiah, 

fasted 40 days and was tempted by 

tho evil one (naturally, he resisted), 

but he came 700 years after Christ . 

In Ef, ;,rpt, (1350 BC or earlier) the messiah 

was called Osiris, god of the Nile . 

Osiris was part of a divine trinitiy consisting 

of Isis (mother) Larus child) 

and Osiris (father) . Osiris a1,so had 

ten disciples and rose from the dead . 

All three are portrayed as ha ving'typical 

'in©groid`s f©atures, hair, and dolor . 

It is interesting to note that th© 

Jews were pol heists (believ©d in morn 

than one god until th©y wore enslaved 

in Egypt, whore they first began to believe 

in one god . 

In sll oases, the beginnings of civilizations 

and religions began with Black 

People .

BLACK PO~rER :_ Pa-~e 18 

Special Bulletins 

ROTHERS BREAK OUT GUERRILLA ~.'dt,P~FARE 

IN ZIMBABV~tE ; EYE TOWARDS SOUTH AFRICA 

BULAV'1AY0, ZIlQBA . . .African .N~tiona~ 

ist f orces have exploded into guerrilla 

warfare against the white racist "Jove:rnment" 

of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) in the 

second largest city in the country, and 

according to inf ormed sources tha ~rethors 

are pushing to move across the 

border to bring the fi ht to the Uni>n 

of South Africa as well . 

This is the most~out of sight thing to 

s 

hapircn in the ll2oth©r Country, which had 

saemed tb be sliding backvuards in the 

struggle since ''Kwame Nkrur.7ah, lende r of 

Ghana, was kicked out of his country by 

ra CIA coup . 

The heavy fighting in Bulawayo marked 

the first t m© white troops had boon 

killed in action in Zimbabwe since the 

d;urn of the e©ntury, when they first bcan 

their bloody, racist conquest of 

cur African Brothers . 

The vuhito Rhodesian government and the 

racist vrhite government of the Uniaia. of 

South Africa rare the strongholds of th© 

Boast's racist exploitation of Africa, 

and when the Brothers defeat them, you 

)snow we'll have the set uptight . 

SUPPORT 

BROTHER 

1967 . . .YEAR O.F O~tGANIZQTION 

MAURITAPTI1iN PRESIDENT DECLfi.RES 

~iN~I-I ~.RIALIST POLICY 

PEKING, CHINA . . .Ma~uritanian prosiden't 

Moktar Ould Daddah d©elared .last w©ek 

that the policy of h :is country is essentially 

based on th© atrugglo against i~- 

1~erialism and nee-colonialism, according 

t~~ a r©port from Noufikehett . Referring 

to the construction of his country, Brother 

Daddah said that all Mauritanians 

"should mainly rely on their own efforts 

. This must apply not only to social 

and econorzic dvv~elopment, but also 

to all other fields . 

Say Bro, 

If you dug on BLACK POVdER: for ono issue, 

you knovu: you can dig on it' for one year . 

BLACK POtirfER : is one of the few newspapers 

in the United States tivhich gives you Black 

People's (our) sid o to the news . BLACK PO- 

VJER : is one of the few newspape rs which is 

uxrafx"aid to uncover the shit tvhitQ racist 

America has been doing to us and is coatinuing 

to do to us daily, th©n present. it to 

Black People so vv© can plainly see it . 

Can you dig -BLACK POWER : ? 

Subscription Blank 

Name _ 

Address 

Phone 

Check one : : 

6 months (enclosed X1 .50) 

1 yoar (enclosed X2 .75) 

VINCENT 

LYNCH

In the early mo~r~ing hoots of Octob~t :28, 19 .67`,, Brother Huffy 

P, Newton, .Defense Minister of the .Shack ,Panthex ,Party for Self- ; 

..Defens$, was shat and wounded while defe~dirtg, .hxmself against .two 

v~hite pig-cops ..from -the Oakland Police .Da~pattiment ::- ' . . 

U,st~ally, incidertt~ of ~t~~a hype, invt~lWi,nq ~] ack ~!eop~e and 

~g~s end .in . the shooting to death of Bla+ck'~1~eopl~ a~~id , the whitecrashing 

~af~ the ca~a by the ~aeist masw media . This tia:e ~ ~i~wer~er j 

~~ was one of the. .punk cops :who gent himaexfki].led,~ and now the 

~~.ach,Man,'Nuey Newton, ~s being cha~rged wi''th "murder" by the same 

ho~nki~ .s who send the cops to get us in the first phacs~ . 

Q'W 

~:CJ.K pv .r 

.,,. bl~~k po ~,,~,~r ~ 

. . b1s.Ck it's rvti .s. 

Brothers and Sisters; I3~oth+er - #u~l t~~~ds our support' : Black 

reople cannot allow a kangaroo court run by, our oppressors to set 

itself up as our :~u~e, . The only thing of which Brother Nuey can 

be'found guilty is that o~f being a Buck Maneerhsiaw2d by ,a white 

racist soca.ety, of be ng,a Black ;Man 'who defanded himself against 

the white oppressor who daily shoots our peo~ale-down in the fixthy 

streets of .xacist North America, of being a Black Man who-refused ., 

to allow himself .to .be,ha~assed any longer'-by the`Bea~t . No, Brotiter 

Nuey is not guilty : , -It i.s, ; ,zacist . white ~ ~na~er"ica ~ which must 

take the blame for . the loss of Sts-pig-,co~+s, forìt is this saws 

punk-nation , which sent. .them t;o oppress us . No, not Brother Huef , 

but Lynchon Beast Johnson ,and: his cbwbny government are xespansible . 

Brothers and Sisters :, GET IT TUGETHA : Tomorrow, the next 

day, ox e~ren next week, . IT CO~~I,,D BS YOU . . The date of Bxother Huey's 

"tr'ial's-is :Ianuaxy ll, 1968 . Mare informatien.on the place :will 

be given later, P~.an ;to be there try -support Brother Nuey in our 

fight for Justice and National Liberation . . LIMOJA UMdJA L7(~IOJA ~3MOJA 

Forma Allen, Ga-Cha3rnaan of 

Black Panther Party rf ~Irrxthern EaYifornia

i i~. . : 

It is ndt,, ~°~~~ b~.g secret `t2 at ,7 m~Qrow . ~~,.; i 

. .,, ,, ,. ; . 

r..-Did , 

the rf~J.xas~~ 

g ve ~ :yxl, ri ha elease' 

also wears'~,f~bn ~orm . espec a.Ik ~ is 'the' gyp, L~.ecaus~e h~ . was t21Z ng ~it~ ]. kE ~it 

U, S . Navy:: . . This . time,' thou~ejh,~~ aF,'b,~C~i-'~ ~ ~`, in his~~s;~atement : they chlfged him, 

then put tike finger ow h, ~? and; the t~ni~er ~~ military. la'W ' with bei~n~ disreguilty 

beast ,is str. ,king back, But bxo-"' spectful o th~~^~c+~~lmand :'ng bf~ic~r a~~~ , 

thers and s stexs .~r.~ helping . win his to the F~esidet~t . '-',Then,' w~eri Lynn 

w . . . 

fighr, ~ r,pass~~.'' 'out '~- c:~pies of a xiewspapex 

. . 

He is ~.~dward ~ Lynn, a corpsman ~at the, ~ article describing " his case t~egr 

Naval Hospital in San Dieso, Califgx~nia . charged him furthe~x wi h spreading- c'.zs- 

Brother Lynn had theguts to pxotes~ lo~alty'among the troops . 

discrimination against Afro .:AmQricans, These are the cha~ges,Brother Lynn 

and Mexican-Americans worki~r~g ; . ~t : . :~ . .:the : . nqw ~~aces . ',:~furthQrtn~a~;e,-he has rec~~~? 

hospital . "~5~ders fb ~ +go ' to Vietnam . Tt's ~~.'~a~r 

On August 7, 167, Lynn, and thirty-.six :, the Nauy wares to destroy Brother Lynn . 

other brothers P lEd an offic a.~ . ~exotest,, ~~ut. the btoahe,~s , and . axsters~ in San D~iw 

8ach of these brothers had.suffexed i,n- 

j ust ices--they wexe, . ;. dena,ed . : promotion 

assigned infexrior . ..-hQU~ing,, i~ad.:theix 

leaves cancelled, . etc etc . 

tdow, what did'the Navy, brass dq .about . ; 

this official p~atest'? Did they i'rivestigate 

the charges .~:ike xeasopable men 

and try to remedy t~xe : , . saaua~Cion? ~ No . 

Instead, they ,, thre~~r~ned : some ,off they San Diego 

brothers . They' said if.ak~ese ;bzothexs ;~ 

did not take the~~x names ofi~ tl~e : cam- . - , .. .., 

plaint they would either, coui"~,-martial . ~~.MBRRIT f~iST J ~, TO OFFL~I~ Ai~~.~"}-them 

or send them to Vietxaam- " 22~ of . ~ : ,AMER ICAN .AA DEGRSE 

the dead and wGunded on~r.the . : .u .~ :, . :5ide . ; ; ., 

are black . The '~!bxass" .~~askea~; Lynn .to ~

additional courses in music, physical 

education, health-education, anthropology, 

literature, African l;ar~guage, and 

sociology may be offered in-the futuxe . 

The new Afro-American degree has been 

under study for segeral years, and has 

been . fs~xmxLLxy requested , by a group of 

Afro-American students on Merritt campus, 

and supported by sotn~ of the Afro- 

American organizatipns in the community. 

The content of the t~~`wci3Yriculum'"was 

recommended: by a committee . of students, 

faculty, and administration after a 

study of suggestions from members of 

the faculty, students and the community 

The committee recommended that the A .A . 

degree be established as soon as possible 

. 

.~ .. """ -" + Ri~aso,,Ci p and Mail tai ..^: 

Nuey P . N~~ton 

~.o . $ox s~ao 

Emeryvi~lr $ronch 

~'~IiS~ F11n~ 

opkiand, Catifomia 

None 

aiddrissm 

- +~ l=7t ~~ ._`___._.. ....-- 

A 1rl~dgs '~ -----..-.".._ _~ ._ . . _~_~__. 

~ne0os~d You 1Avf X11 !~ ~ 

BAY AREA BLACK ARTIST RENOUNCES 

(Toronto, Canada) On December T, 167 

Muslim poet-playwright Nazzam A1 Sud n 

(P4arvin X . Jackmon) renounced his Uniterr. 

States citizenship A, member of the P"Ta-ti~n 

of Islam, Brother Nazzam maj~~red n' 

English Lxferature and' creative {writing 

a,~ San Francisco Stan~ college until ~i~ 

has draft~ .d in June, 196' . At that time ; 

he dropped out of college and co-founded'- 

(along with playwright Ed Bullins and Ac--~ 

tor, Hillery X . Broadous) Black Arts West 

Theater, San Francisco . The theater 

produced his two one-act plays "F"lovu~~s' 

for the Trashman°' and °'Come Next Summex °° :' 

Earlier this year, Brother Nazzam worked 

with poet-playwright Leroi Jones on ;:1 

communa;cat.ions project in the Black c' ~~ i=' ' 

munity of San Francisco, sponsore~~ b~ :',.zE 

Black Students U.n. :ior~ . of San .~rar.c;isc ~ ' 

State CoJLlege . I~iis, writings ` lza :je~, 

geared in 81~ck Dialogue, Soul .'3colc,' 

hammad Speaks, and the Journal of F31a .~' . 

Poetry . He is a contributi~~g .ec?.ito 

the .journal of B:Lack Poetry . ~ w 

tion of his poems appear under thc~: t : 

"Sudan RajuLi Samia or Black PQan ~ _ _~ . 

aran: a co-1lec~ion of his though~e~ o : . 

tional Libexation "Black Dialectics'°, ~~. 

The following is the full s'ta~eznc'=~ ~ 

Tdazzam Al' Sudan presente~~ to ti~i2' '.J . '~~~ 

Cori~ul : °°I renounce my so-called ~inericari 

citizenship because the LTnite~ S~"a'tes 

o%? .t~merica N" has att3Qmpted by ac~ioRz al~d. 

inaction o depriv"` me and my brothQrs 

and sist~'rs ; the 3 'to . ~b mi1J~~ion ~ogalled 

Ne~.grocs, be~t~s~~r~ kngwn as Asia~ic 

Black Peoples, of life, liberty, and. the 

pursuit of'happines ."

The News that South African'para-military 

.,'"orces were going to 't`Y e aid of 

Ytahi.te- Rhodesians coincided last month 

with ~n announcement from'the Oxganiaa- rillas . 

. 

milita :~ ;r committee to 'aid African freedom-figh~~;ers 

. 

The committee was the ciutcome of a remarkab~.~r 

effective meeting of the OAU - 

effective despite grim auguries, 

In the l8 months since the last confer~nce 

in Addis Ababa, fratricide 

spread through Nigeria, the~Arab member 

states were clobbered. by , tion of African Unity"setting up a new 

Israel and 

cubits racism reimained bouyant' in the 

sout~x ., And, set against the wretched 

backdrop :of the Congo, ,the extra vagant 

ho~~~.~itality of President Mabuto only ad- 

~i .6}&~, 

to the gloom . 

Yet, against all the odds, this fourth 

assem~aly of the Organisation of African 

Unity wias sober, workmanlike and .effec~, 

~tive . Most encouraging ,of a;ll, perhaps, 

the relegates decisively reaffirmed 

~3~eir support. . for the armed struggle:agairis~ 

Smith, `Jorster and aalazar . 

Ax"rican National Congress representati~zu 

in London Joe 'Matthews was a member 

of the joint AI~tC-ZAPU delegation to Kins~:~asa 

. We asked him ror his impxessions 

. 

Y°A zaost important step forward was the 

decision to create a committee of military 

nen to co-ordinate aid for the 

armed struggle in the south", he said, 

Broadly, the OAU decided to set up a 17nation 

commission of military experts as 

an adjunct to the existing Liberation 

~RCa& 

Committee .- It is expected that senior 

officers will oversee the supply of arms, 

funds, and military advisors to the gue- 

Pxess reports from Kinshasa also sug- 

Best that combat troops may eventually 

be made available by stronger member 

states like Ethiopia,'Algeria, and Egypt . 

tdews of African guterillas battling 

with Rhodesia and South African troops 

hardened. support behind the liberation 

movements . But Jbe' Matthews, wha also 

visited Zambia on his African trip, denies 

suggestions that the joint command. 

of ANC-ZAPU sent in "sacrificial" forces 

to capture the headlines at a crucial 

moment, 

' "Our forces have been infiltrating 

over a long period," said Joe Matthews, 

"The band engaged in heavy fighting 

had in fact, been active in the area Aor 

many weeks befoxe Smith heard of them . 

This contradicts Smith's claims of an 

all-seeing security service ."

d~~~zng 

in `for 

s~.~ug~le . 

a larig merciless 

r'y~4have 

embarke~d~on the armed. stru_ 

gh~ . .not-out of chtiic~l', Mathews said, 

'Pbu,t through f©rce of circumstances, Now 

that it is unt3ex 

right through," 

way, we wiY~. pursue it 

Mathews stresses that de,Velopments~'' 

will not be dramatic that the gue~i7las 

will, not,be seeking out,pitche'd battles .) 

Inflwenced,,perhap~ by, their discussions 

with Che Guevaxa in ~?ar-Es Salaam i 

1965, the irl~ ltratoxs axe apt present 

seen .a~ ''`~;rmed prppaganc~ s~s`! in the Cur 

~aan mo7~:d . 

Black ~rarrior~ wave into . . ~ pd~~.~~-off' to r.~mbu~h 

T~hoele~3.an anc~ :}oath A~'r~,e,~. , ha?~ky ~:rp~~~ . 

~Y~e action. t©olL p3.ace in; n b.des3.a" wl~ict~ 

wh.an it is a^s~al~ by,~~~k~ ~, S~:a4~ rnan ~- i~.~., 

b~ cal~.ed' Z3.mbab'w's ~.s oux an.a~~~ors ~a~.led 

3.t . 

1i

BLACt~ LGYPT ' . 

' ; r Eiy Weusi 

the-anci-en~t civilization of'EgYPt was 

started, c3;e~reloped, and spread; by black 

peap.l.e or . ~r cans . Almost - all ~gygtologists 

.awe forced to admit that Fsgy~pt 

was . a .: ~oduct of he African' sciil,~ .~~d , 

~ha,~ : ' ~ 

. 

~ 

.' '~Tthough outsiders had s~iri.e in17.u .»~ 

ence, the influences were nothing that, 

cQU1d be considezed basic . 

The ;dynastic :Egyptians came from the 

south .~vha:ch was cal :ed Nub a and Cush in 

ancient days . The general concensus is 

that the dynastic pharoahs came . . from 

cuhat is now called Somalia or Ethi-o~aia . 

$thiopi2, hezsel:f stated that she gave Egypt 

its laws, customs, and cultuxe~ and 

that Egypt was but :,~ . colony of Ethiopia . 

' The first dynasty of Egypt was foamed' 

when, NorYnex of the youth conquex+~d the 

nortbern,sectar, thus uniting the two E- 

~~~. ~1PPer (South ) and Lower (North? . 

Ethiopian influet~e.,cage into Egypt in 

the secax~d dynafty' aTid thus began the er~, 

of suberb ~~rt and architecture, By 

the ; fourth dynasty the pro~,j,fic black 

~xcl~~.-feet, ~cienti~t, doctor ~k~d`~phi~.osaphe~r 

~mh~?teg~ had pexfected t~~~~pyramids 

ahd Egypt~:an ~~rchitecture in ~e'n~xaf . 

The fix~t C x dynasty prod~aed almost 

~~1~ basi~_. ;s~;tr.~e'tuxe of Egyptian citrili- 

-~-zati~n . ~ Jl1f, ,f , that, Egypt? az~ culture 

~sixowc~d th~~~ =jreatest resurgeri~e when a 

f}~~w- , :,~l~~fa.~r~-off black blood reentered the 

b~oxdc~s ~an'd~ bodies ,of Egypt' . Tt - can aa_ 

lily jlpe shown that Egyptian culture suff~xes~"imost 

when - foreign '' xn~.ur~nc~~, ,, 

gaineXt~ any ground . - 

~~o, er~ae was black E9YP~,, fiat whe~i,,, 

~at ~t~mes of weakness she was;, . conquEre~i,by r' 

'~~a~e~.-9n Powers, the "canquerers"' Twere Yn, 

~urri conquered by Egyptian Gttlt~~è ; ~i~d, . . ; 

~t' best, fitt,~d their own ickva5 to ,suit ,-,3 

those of Egypt ,` 

; . ; 

' Egypt in :'~-ts ; three hunda~ed years e 

d~~ apment pr'adu the fund~m~ntals or'~ 

ax+~li t~cture, mec~~,c `ne, geomet~'yj, mathe-~ 

modes a~i~ ;ol~e~iistry . 

,, 

She pzoduced the 

, ~ '' , 

sy5t:em of .;'gods .Latex made - famou ' ,, :,,~ ;by!, l 

Greece (ac:tually, these ides came fr-'om , -; 

Ethiopia ahd reach.gd the woY1~k through 

Egypt . } . The other cnnt ibut on of thi,s,r 

ver le black c~,;~ili~atign are too numerotz~s' 

to attempt . to enumcrafe . Tn a word, 

~3lack Egyp produced all ` of the essez~-, . 

tials Rf what is now called civ lizat~~.ot2, ; 

Ndugu zangu ; wamekufaa wa~tsh, : . ; 

(long five our'anceSto 

Bi~ck I~Wio~u .~ 

OLACK :M~C~AZINE fiir bLrAC:K, ['T QPL .F : 

Esdays 

Po'~try 

~'Plnys 

~i~~ ;~ ~~t 

Articles 

Rrviev+'e 

5Qt . ,Per cop ; , 

$i,,g', perkyear 

sr..~cFC Dz~:~ct~~ 

642 L~FSUna S,t . ' 

Sarz Franc8lr,pr Ca11.f~ 

~31~~~C II~I~ICJ~k;I~

We take thi`s~time ~':to pay our respects 

to Che ~i~evara~ and'his untimely death . 

May he now transcend the transitory . 

The exploits of "Che" are generally 

well known amongst Black militants in 

the U . S . ; howevex, it is rare that we 

Look at his shortcomings and to pay due 

respect to this implacable enemy of American 

beast-imperialism, We must at all 

costs bestow our honesty upon his image . 

One thing is for sure, the events zt~ Bolivia 

are shrouded with great mystery 

and serious error in the part of socalled 

xevolutionaries (i, e, Regis Debr 

ay ) . 

We can't help from recalling the editorial 

in SOULBOOK 6 which stated 

frankly that "revolutionaries- :3n~- the 

West Indies, South and Central America, 

should stop their reliance on Fidel's 

speeches and start reading Fanon's 

books :" 

Robert Williams put forth months ago, 

an even more ominous warning that we 

feel should be taken into consideration 

when analysing why Che was assasinateds 

"If the Western press is correct in 

xeporting that "Che" Guevara is in Bolivia 

. . ,he had better get the hell out 

of there as fast as possible . If the 

Cuban intelligence knows where he is, 

so does the C.I.A., . ., .Cuba's contribution 

to world revolution will be 

grossly restricted until its G-2 (Cuban 

intelligence is purged of its C.I.A. 

Tro-ian Horses ." 

At any rate, we feel ~if the twc 

suggestions had been taken seriously of 

an earlier state, Che Guevarav would 

still be dealing death blgws at mperialism 

instead of imperialism dealing a' 

death blow at him_ 

Wherever you are, Clie ~- :ir untimely 

loss will be avenged, r

BLACK WOMAN (COTTA T ,L THE WORLD) 

Laved, Laved knows Z go a black woman 

The prettiest woman y u' d want to see 

With her natural hai that she loves to wear 

My bl ack woman moans , , he worlu to me 

Got to tell the world"'bout my black woman 

She's sweet as home-cooked yams in any'ki'nd of weather 

With her African smile that she shows all the wh~l'e 

I can hardly keep myself together ~ " . 

Oh black woman 

Yeah, black woman 

Youx most tender Iips that I lwe to kiss 

Who'd think that love could ever be like this? yeah 

Laved, Laved knows 'bout my black woman 

UJith a love as warm as fxesh taffy 

Got to tell the world that my heart's in a whirl 

I'll never, .never forget what she's done for me 

Oh black woman 

Yeah, black woman 

~,ka,,~ur~t~aGa~ .IItlarlt.~.o~c . 

1308 MASONIC AVE . #4 

"AN FRANCISCO, CA.94117

B.ATS_ROACHES - .AND RUFUS (~r~lriwrrr~i) 

`Sweaty andvseamy, spread, .out in .crisscross 

concrete pattexns as far as the 

eye"'could see .on all horizons . Forests 

of ' swiayirrgr red . brick and brownstone 

flungw'up towards the vacant blue sky 

from tYte~ .~ open ; junky plains . Here and 

tMex2, ` tie qu~a~t~aes~ of a wild animal 

split the quietness of the morning aid 

The Jungle . Eold : And cruel, And Unt~nable, 

Little White Rambci stood on the edge 

of tre hill and tigln.tened his hold on 

his 1~ittle blue knapsack . 

~'Oh gee," he-said his voice quiveri~ 

, g a Tittle . Every morning it was the 

same .thing ; : Bvery~morning,it looked a 

l t~4s~:~ ::~noxG ;fr c~htening . Every morning 

ire th~o!ac~ht; would be, his last . Wipiing 

the dust fxom his sweaty mink bxow, he 

; . 

. 

. 

~'s~a:xtec~: ;:dowa .~the 

:' °F;t3;^~tsv~i'T~RiZ : : ; ' ° 

path into,,the Jungle . . . 

"~.ittle - ;~~nite . Rambo : ; reco.?led in lior- 

`ro. . as' aw . .fer.ocious Black, Panther, , 

: : .nJ ~ ,.- ~-,~ ~~ '.ra. c~ ^ked t~ one side of 

his pu`cert leather do, ,leaped from be 

~:-1aird :::a : ~c~c:-xcre'~e ryes i:x~ front Qf . him. He 

, 

~iC4ae~:cd~ . iii .'s ; ~lxttle blue knaps~~k .clos- 

~r vo d:i .s little pink chest . 

"A1 ?ri~~at, , motherfueker :'° the Black 

--Pa. :ztH~.~ x . 

r~xow7 ed, , kicking , the dust at 

Lit~;ls~ t~Jizite~ iZ:ambo wit1~ his Stacy-Adams 

shoe : . 

;grim :: on` 

"Dig, man, you trying to run a 

us,y ain't you? Every goddamn 

-- morn :~xc~ , yut~ 'arine~s your ass through the 

juri9lc3 .' carrying that . .goddamn blue 

~ .' :knd~~4ct> whiz .you . ; TJow tell me,~ mother- 

; fucrcer, w~:ai~: Vin; . : 

; the hell is in that 

knapsack?'~ ~ . . , 

Hands shaking, , Little :tr~t~ite.~Rambo 

pushed: ., tYz~- l:~.tt~.~ . .~blue: knapsack .,at the 

°°C3h,,, ., s.ir, ,° she .-s.tut.tered . "Nothing 

., .mue:?.io r ,7.~j~ .jtist, : ~a .;little ;rn~oney 1 ,, was 

bxia3.n:inch to my ;grandmother in the cas- 

: : t?.e at the ..other .end .,of~ : tYi;e J-,?u'nig],e' : ,'° 

~° tI}E B1acTc Panther ~ `roared . 

f?Fw . ~~`° G ;:,~'nbacks? Dust? Mother- 

: .~uc~. ~a . r ~ wear ,cranny don't need nothing 

-rbp,~~ rs-ana,:,- :r s stznky finger . ~xand th2~t 

pluck ovr~_ he re : °' 

Little bVhite Pamho drew~'a fat xoll of 

bills out .~zo~ h~.s little blue knapsack 

and handed ;it to ;,the'B1~dk Panther, who 

snatched it from him and ran off :into 

the .7ux~g1~, . laughing ,to himself .- 

"Hr1k~, hah, hol y; " ' he rumbhed : `Mo'CherM 

fu`cker Now I'm the' Bhackest' Aanther 

in . the Jungle :" 

I.ittl'e ,.j~lh t .e ; Rambo, wiping .a couple of 

tears away; from nis uiashy blue 'eyes, 

fo'ic~ed ;his ]tittle b1i~e~`knap5ack against 

his chest and'started' ba+ek ~`~ido~vn ~'t .h~ Jun 

gle + path, . Presently, " .~iè `"me'~ .a~aather 

creature ~ coming ~dowri `the path from~'the 

opposite direction`, ~It was`` anothex Slack 

Parith~x,_: . ` but this on'e ` was ~sarikingly 

~diffe~ei~t . ' He~-was dr~e~sed~ ~~Vezy neatly, 

not like most of~ ~the Tack"Panthexs ' and 

liis hair , was cut short' and neatly parted. 

He stopped when he `saw 'Little-White Rambo, 

walked up to,Mim, and shook his hand, 

~'"Ah, my friend, , ' my,.fziend," he said . 

"How are you doing?" 

, 

P~c~~ 9 ,

F;1~'t'S,_RUACFiES, AND RUFUS 

' 

- 

. 

. 

"helot too well," Little White Rambo 

smelt sniffing badly . "One of those 

Black Panthers stopped me not too long 

ago and took all of my money that I was 

going to take to zny grandmother :" 

'°Indeed, xradeed " the E31ack Panther 

;aid, shaking h~,s heads 'iyes 

y so~ :ze of 

those Black fanthexs just aren~t fit to 

walk the sciceetsi They don't contribute 

a thing to society, just rob and steal . 

Don't you think so?" 

Little White Rambo nodded his head, 

"Yes, I ,just don't understand you peotile, 

" he said, "I try my best to please 

you, but " " " " 

And before Little White Rambo ceuld 

~et another v~ord out of his mouth, the 

,Slack Panther had snatched a rwlled-up 

;piece of paper out of his little blue 

knapsack and was running down the Jungle 

?ath, laughing for all he was woxth, 

°'Stupid fool :" the Black Panthex cxied 

>ack, "I tricked you, I tricked you, and 

sow I' -ve got your college degree . Now 

r'm the ~37.ackeat Panther in the Jungle :" 

Crying very softly to himself, Little 

plcade~, "If you don't hit me anyxtore, 

I'lI let you have what's left in my little 

blue knapsack " " He held the little 

bhue knapsack up in the air, 

The Black Panther snat~h~d the r ori-~: 

tents of the little blue kria~s~ck from 

Little White Rarnbo's ha lt1~ He stood fray 

~ moment ; e~camining,the glitt.exi.ng M-1~ - 

in the afternoon Zic~ht~ then ui~.th a-fi- 

i~al kick, went running down t1~c Jungle 

path laughing for all he way woxth~; ; 

'°Weak ; dog," , he yell~d'habk~ ''~tCiw I'm 

the Blackest Panther zn~ the J~frit~led °' 

POQ~'--~~,ittle [white Rambo, crying very 

visibly now., and without stop~si~.g the 

little pink teaxs roaring down his lit 

cle pink cheeks and the little ~ri~ak snot 

running into his little pink mouth, he 

picked up his now empty blue kr.a~sack 

and started, once more, down the darkenin 

Jun 1e 

Soon, gthoughh " he came urw~ an been 

clearing, around which a laxge cxowd had 

gathered . Straining to see, Little White 

Rambo pushed his way through the crowd 

until he came upon the centez---of -- the 

:'kite Rambo picked up his now sadly de- loud commotion . 

°feted little 

_.:mooch, and 

blue knapsack, patted it 

continued ,down the dusty 

The three Black Panthers,'each waving 

the article he had liberated .fxom Little 

jungle path towards the now setting sun : 4Jhite Rambo, were standing around a tall . 

"BLACK POWER : : ;"'! metal txee, axguing very hotl;p . . 

A Black hand shot, . ,out frpm-t-he side of "Im the Blackest Panther in the Juntree 

and caught Little White Rambo gle ;P° one roared . "I got that Mother- 

"ully on the jaw, sending him xeeling Pucker's money ;"' 

. 

own the path and headloncJ into a xat- ''No, no," the other ,joixed. in " I!m 

frog thicket . Before he . Gould move the the Slackest Panther in the Jungle be- 

.~ack Panther was on hizrx,agaan, beating 

,,id cuxsing him . 

"You ~3east, you dog,, you devil :" the 

~.ack Panther roared, Shaking his nappy 

"You nge " taper o~ 31aC2r Women, you 

cause I've got the`Man's education :" 

`''You're tooth Toms :'° the third bellozuec~_ 

"Im the Blackest ,Panther ix the Jungle, 

cause .L got the-~ devil-''s gins : , 5p fuck 

all ~y'all :'° ;-: 

irderer of Black Children : . ~ X00 years, And soon they:-Begari~ chas j~g each other 

`:3tey, 400 years!" around t~he,~snetal`tr:ee, ar~u ng, .and wav- 

"Oh,please don't hit me any more, Lit- ìng .them, ;p;~:i.zes, euntil they, chased each 

";e White Rambo wailed ", other sow long that they began ,to~ melt, - , 

., 

:11h : ; ~ up, . Whitey ; the Black 'v Panther , and soon Whey- `were . whizzing aro~znd at ,a 

:;Mowed, spitting ~~ Lit;tle -White Rain- . elelirious speed and they melted- - even 

a`s face . "Ain't even, ;:~ny rieed'to~talk more from the heat and~friction, Jand fiyou, 

Beast ; Your system'-s gonna fall natty, they chased each other around 

yway, and I'm gonna help "'give it the that tree for sa long and they melted 

st push : White pig :" so much that they turned into one funky 

''Oh please, six," Little White Rambo brown pile of shit " . .

RATS z ROACHES, AND RUFUS (continued) 

And quickly, before anybody else could 

move, Little White ~2ambo raced up to the 

pungent pile and carefully withdrew a 

shining Black object fxom each mound, 

and deposited them in his little blue 

knapsack . 

"Black niggers," he muttered to himself 

. "Don't they know there isn't a 

thing more precious than their Black 

Soul?" 

And the crowd parted in awe as ha 

walked down the now daxk Jungle path, 

whistling, little blue knapsackc hung over 

his shoulder, slowly moving into the 

night toward the castle at the other end 

of the Jungle . 

*~a~*~~~*~~~a~a~~~~a~~~~* 

hujambo 

I,, ~, Johnso n : Well, if you pleas 

us de-escalate!" 

;~y v~1N T~~[ 

SWANILI LESSON ( IMPORTANT PHRASES) 

good morning 

mbari za usiku goad evening, brother 

twende ku vuta let's go smoke 

mtu mweusi Black man 

mama nisemehe you're lookin 

baby 

sasr~hivi 

immediately 

chuff cheusi Black Panther 

g~ipod, 

w 

note : in Swahili the accent always 

falls on the next to last 

syllable

Oakland, ~alifawnia, Wednesdpq, April SCI, 1966 

films SSAC protest 

GUEST SPEAKER ERNEST ALi.EN REPY.fE5 T4 NEWSMAN 

KGO-TV covers the S "~uistudents meeting and press conference 

Numba+r 9 

A rally to protest the drafting of 

Negroes will be held on the auditorium 

steps at noon, Friday, April 

22; anuaunced S5Af" Chai~man'Virtual 

Morell early this week . The 

rally is in support o£ U.C. student 

Frnest Allen who .,ko.ld reporttrs at 

a KGO television press conference 

last week at Merritt that he would 

nty a S$n Franeisco 

chronicle repogter to a large, 

;;yypati>~etic auiliencel 

"When black sold~ere and white 'i 

soldiers get off the thus in Saigon ;' I 

Alletr stated. "t[rcy are afforded sep- I 

crate facilities, fey must go fo . I, 

+rparate, £acilities, they must fio to 

separate bars-" 

"7,'his is the same as it is in the 

United States;' the 'Chronicle re, 

jrorter remarked . 

l\ eI: 

thrc 

helm 

118111 

judo; ;~ ; : 

~unti . . 

L. . . 

171 c:a ; 

1(>

Special Ed~i~orial :__ BROTHBR LBROI 

Leroi Jorfes started writing while he .was à,'boyi,'» 

: : 

1 .7 .S~+tr Y1AWf?x'.w~."~'`l:~w~.lt panther . ., k1y,Ji,~ QUWC+ ,o .Y . v1.~,G1G~p$Xtl:x. 

~$ 

. . . bls.ck 

xc 

ow 

;~ck p~ ~ . 

® ~ . . black, power 

,: blaciK ps,z~ the - 

o . bls,ck ,px~r;t,~r 

he 'h ~s +growtx into a Black 

Man, so ha~~ his "~vr3.t ngs developed ar~d matuzed -intcs- some f the mcaart, .3:mpntaant 

writings an¢.thopght's of the Black worl,d . . 

Sb1'aie Slack writers have severely 'cr aicl ~ Lct`~t~.'t s ~~ 

Black enough . But what these :writers forget i~ ~Y~at Lero 

.._taupe by the wh%te motherfucker t~o buy him of ~ grid ' maims 

tablishment writer . ` At the same tune, he has 'g~bwt~ by, ' 1 

his prize-winning Cbut not very Black) easay'rr~' a Libre" 

orb, he is the one Black American write! to 'feast his 

western c3vilizatiorx.'s art for art salve decacierxce ~tnd flip 

to the vestibule of mother-Africa . Listen to Leroi bring 

ancestarss 

. . . . . . . .The magic dance in the street . Run up and dawn Br ad Stareet,nig~gers~ 

take the shit you want, Take their lives if need be, bu,t et what you ~tant 

what you need . Dance up and down the`~treets,'turn all th rnusi~ up, run throe 

the streets with music, beautiful radios cn Market Street s tMe~ are brought 

here especially for you . Our brothexs are moving a~11 over sms,shing at ~ex~ywh3~te 

faces . We must make our owr~ 4Vorld ~ ~~n, Aur own world s an w:e cannot do this 

unless the white man is dead . . . . . . . . 

Maybe youlre not hip to it ; 

but this passage is not 

prose, no, . it isn't This 

is Afr~.can poetry at it s 

best . It is the poetry ; 

formless, rhymeless, the 

lilting poetry of Africa . 

Let it roll off your tongue,, 

ululate it, and see, whethex 

., y~au can, ever get away 

from it . 

We ask ; Would these same 

Black writexs have had the r 

strength ,°' not to submit to 

white Azrie~3:carx fin~,nc~.ah 

flattery ,and `; still ,be~eo?ne 

poet-pr ophets ' for ' Bl ack 

pes~ple anywhere ' near the 

~r~~,iber of Leroi Jones? We ~~, 

~ . 

.r; :. 

'.~"l~:xV'~i:NCd lJ. Leltui Jones* and 

ri~s3rtgs, ~ .neat being 

has`~~sme~shed ali at~ 

~:m 3~nta, . a nigger e~ 

eps anc~' 'k~wnds since 

19-60 ) .: ~ In auz opine~'thetic 

effcart Pa®t 

Iii$ woxd~" sdur~ds an.~ 

orth adtir3,ce fray o 

v

I T;.ACK .PO~~J~,~2 r .aPage 

'believe that before the :i.r . 

zitera~:y c',itxc~. .~ms l o~:~a 

, . , 

un~,; ::s ;:and Lexoi in the 

cont~ ".ct of the decadent 

sow ~ o "." ~cc~nomwc: malaise that 

he ass Y~een fighting .a~ . 

:;lams~ o 

DO T~?C'~: ALY~Oe~ .T~ .x,~ SAC,?ED WORAS; OF BUR : ANCESTQa~~ 7C0, 

Street 

gia:z . ...._.,_.... _~. ~. .. 7ap 

~it~I77k"tl& lYtf~fYU`t~ 

. 

LERO~ JONES F3EId ~~'G 

Blac',: Mv~zo, B7_ac~;c Poetzf~, 

Black Dance:, Black; F~~ ,h %dirt 

Where? .- 

~2na~CG~o~e+, C:~u~~"~:zy 

f 

When? Satu :r. day y ,~ui^2 : ;;r ,. ;'? ~ ~ 

7C3.rra~:? '7 : ~Opm ; C'os~fi:~? u~ ~ . ~J~J 

,... .. . .Y..»-...~w..a,...,.~ ..,.,.~...",.-». .,F.;.. , . ._ .M 

.. 

PRtax 

. 

. 

: 

. . 

BLACuC +,` 

~TC'L w ~ i~10 , 1 ~ 

,~t~ttiT3.~ :;~ 9 lc~~~j 

P~.tb7_~a'~e~~. ~~~uc~y 

P^.}zther II~i.~~ ta ~~ 1'iu' 1 

P, O Bo; ; 1 U 

-!-`15~. .1.. .a.y~ 7 .f`" .1 .Y~lA '.'~'. 

s~o ,~.~ .~ozni a . ; 

~~E r~.,AC~ rR~~r ~. :r 

1JRUl't b b C o p . b . 0 . 

t, . 9 v~ G ' " 

soul ~zs~~~' . , ~ 

n 

, 

carp ~ :~ :.~~r~ ., 

Edit a~~; ; 

form^ r;are, it is BECAUSE of this fight that Le of Yeas k~ee~ ~o ;i~~~,0."~essful in 

tv~g nc7, ~'~~C.~1US1 of L~roi's refusal ~;o ~Ue bo.u.c,~ht ~~~~:.° .~~~ 6Jh : ~Sey tka~;t ~t~e Big Hon 

I:cy :s attez,~pt`_~ :rrg to sank his grimy, ja9g~=d te'f~t?`~1 xYxto Li :c~o~ : ~ : :, Jones by senten=~ 

cai.n.r izim to 23~ ,3 

.. . . . . _ 

years °fin pr ,sonb 

L~~o~~ i~>rs and Sisters : . . :, ~~ th~y~ ° ca~i bust°° II~otY~.ex' L~~.r~;i . ~;VY 

': .x~~slating our 

.: :i:nto paerns axxd plays, whaa,ey will Sit~Aely ~ :~y ~c ,,7 ;:s~;z ::~~ the. source 

(ut,ac : Amer~.ca) ,of ts~ose . songs .that sang for a ; ~c,. ;~u As:rica-waxl,c a~~. cry`' " y~a:~ . tl~E 

destruction of this decadence that t~~lks of :ius~i~ce ,:but ~a~t~ . +-,~ ir~.;~o : e iriprisoi:me~~°~ 

on tho;s~; that dom,and it b, . 

S~Ft~ 

~.an~: urn rrJ 

;~,'~~y ?Z issues ~3~00 

2~`;4 :~sC 46th Street, Near Xot'It, N .7~ ., IOiY17 

E'Iea.~E gTtt'oil nee ae u subscriber Sor: 

tr^^ y~~t, ~3 .OQ ot, 

Nnme ~ ;~ . . 

two 

N ,r ~~ , MJU'TNS,. OF 

o.e~,c :`~ ; . 

^ ' r + . o ~ ~ n v. 3 JL~ 's 

. 0 NMYf, ~ .r ^ ^ o 

0 4'¢,o ~ 4 .r; 

. 

. 

o . 

. 

p 6 " t .:hPp " .~ .~~ 

" ' n . . n o ~, ., ,, n n , {~. 

~ ,, ~w , ~ ~ , o f n . . ~ 

r

J' rl " [ ,, 

';' , 

(long live our ancestoxso) 

'1 ; 

r. 

;: fREf~APgROWN~ 

. ., , 

, . . . . ~ : , :_ c ry 

~~ :i , : , . , . 

'Since ' S~pte~mbe "~8 ~ :.19~G7 ~ .s^"RaR~,Bxown :,, ; 

Chairman of the Student ATan~-Vio~;~nt, ~o- .., 

ordinating Committee, has been a politi~ 

cal . P.rri ones of ~~~ ~ ~brk City s . : .;.~£or~:,~t3de~ 'a , ., 

to tra+vei '' by~ ~ : ._ cb' ~~t ~ 'or:de.~ ;, ;which ~ ~. :f,- ; 

disobeyed; -' would rt~su7:t' ;i:n t~e ;;~faX~~feit- ., 

`,, ure ~ of '$15,b~d `pond . :and ~BroroVn!a,: : imp~ s+pn». ;. , 

ment . This tactici ~àf .1?F2:EUEN~I~lE . AR~2EST ;, ., t. r . 

. . ~ :-, .f > ;-~c r t r - . . 

Pag e . .-. . .-. . ...3 

is being, tested by the Federal Government 

a ;~ 

as a w2l~r' of~ ; 

. 

. 

. . , 

. 

, de~alr ~ng ' with .those swhgse o~, :r ; 

pznion5 'they' do - : not : like : : .~It :-is ,the; s,a~me,. . . 

t~i'Ctic'' use d ' 

;Yn, a' `=c:~!wder~ : form ' in , thp~~ ::Ur~~:,pf 

' of 'So~ut$A~i' rcanc 'aSall .,- cer, 'thi'!~ :o~s~ ar .-~. -'r: 

~'~~t " 

.~e'j;~,,. 

Wh~th2Y' ", -it is c~~;letd, ; ;"hose , ;ax 

or 

~ t . 

; . 

; 

:r,~,r~~er'ts:v'~r~~~i'~est,tc .,,fhe r.esu,~,t 

of t'tc~c~ he ;. . gas ''Ghe'r ame ; , ` an, individual', s.~, 

movements are restricted, to .a :proSCribeel ., 

area for an indefinite period . 

Uponèxarriiri ng?~th+a--facts t~f.+the ;~ase .,of 

:`',Rap 3YOtv~z ` i~r becbi~es ~:-c~:ea~r ."that the , . 

eo iscioizs intent ~ .a~, : . , . . 

. 

. 

. 

, . 

; , 

. 

. 

. . 

~ . . . 

nQrt,' t .o' . ~a~1., .I3rpwn on,.,~, :. 

various fa1s2 charges, 

impossible to travel 

but, .~~pl;y z~ake ~~-, 

around the country 

. ~rzd : ~ speak . 

~xt~wn; . but 

"'~ This'' w.~uld, ,:hhu~;t , , ; 

"the-' oxg~itiizat~azn :fob .- 

nnrt-. ..only; , 

. 

w~, ch .kie~ 

is '~ha rinari 'arrd 'pr~:neipal .: ; spoke ~ma~+~ Y.;- ; floe 

~tu~lent Nonr~-~xb'hcnt ~ Coor.~di~:ndt :n~, Cr~mm'ii ~.... 

,t?~ , ~ ~`h~~r ~"~Si ~1C~'S~'7 Tl'";'~ ~t.tZf?^l%ila+' . 2':'.':i 'tha;ou~.rl 

'v,, ': , 

,. ,. . 

, 

, 

i 

1 ;'r~e :co.uxts . t ~~h.GoveXiim~ri e,~ ~ r ~, -i: n'oy~'ed[ Y to -sto P :Brd~wn. and SNCC w,it~o,u1:creab ~ 

rig 

ò t ' 

a public 

r . ,, ; : ; Tk~ e-Fa, .Gt~r .~.n : .-t;he .Gase cSf I~ . ~Ra .. Browi9 ar'e s: ~. l,ea . 

p P Qn ,~u7~y ~~4, 19Ei7,,,Brb~tz,,spoke 

3,n :~Cambridg~,, ,Marylan~.r He :-'fief'~~'th~~ city th~ ~- safe' exrenir~g on~: h ,s ; way t , , as i 9 , 

llrdC . Awhile . a,fte~~j ~he,~had le .f't' Cambridge the ~ Fine- S.treet ; ~lemen~ary ~ch,ool, which 

has a history of ~bei'rg'`bur'r ed ;' 'was `~ur~-ed° àgain, _ -The ~aext, d~.y, ,the. r.Srtate Attorney 

,. 

. ; 

of Maryland issued a warrant for the arrest of ~rp~wn, c.har;c;inc~,~~,m .with iriCiting 

;- 

thb pe;opl;e-; ,,- tsa ,,burp floe s,4hoo1 . Later the same day, the Federal Government warrant 

+ ~~a-s ~ ~:.ssu~:d., . ,:~~r : he ,.~rre°st`~ o,f' ~3~t~wn' ' this bne~~ ch,ar.'g.ing ~xim .vu3.th l.eavi,ng the state of 

: . r . ; .i. . : ,, ;? . ;. r 

-r r' Max.yl.;an~l;- nto_, ; ,~,y4.~ ; arxesti ori ;' , 

t~~ fsrst cYia~rge . :' : The Federate- charge .,, made him, of 

; 

course, a fugi tive~ fiom justice' . 

' ? ~ ' ~ , , ' . , . ~ 

_.° . . . .._ _.t_______________~_______ 

NDUGU ZANGU ~4VAMEKUFUAA WA ISHI 

_ .,. : 

.,~~rn. a ~x!_~sa 

~34~~ 1~iA~S~9A~~~.: ~.~~: . ; 

~~N ~" Afl~CI~s~£~ . ~A,~~_1 ~7

BLACK MARKETER --- Continued 

L3rowu lcaxizcsd aC the waxrants for his arrest, and, on the following day, arranged 

through his attorneys to turn himself in to the F . G . I . in New York, On July 26, 

Brown was leaving Washington, D, C, for New York tiae.t~rn himself in, when he was 

arrested by the police at Washington National Airpoxt ~,nd~'immei~liately turned over 

to the F,B, I, The F,B, I . was fully cognizant of where ; }~~oo~tt~~~vas ...~oing and, for what 

purpose, but they chose to abrogate the agreement "tHat~:,~~d'~l~e~n zvozkc~~l.f .Qut ~'be.^t~~en 

them and Brown's attorneys, choosing instead to~make_,i'~ ap~ear=fi~at ~~ .h~xl been' 

trying to run away . ,,,; ; . , ; ;, 

He was taken to a detention cell - in the U,S . Post Office Building-in Alexandya,-` 

Virginia, held for six hauxs and then released . The Federal Government had decided., 

to drop the charges of "flight from prosecution"against him, 

However, when Brown walked out of the Post Office Building, he was axrested'on 

the steps by Alexandria police, who charged him'with "flight f~c~m prosecution,'' under 

a Virginian state law, The Federal Government had bowed out to let the state 

Government do the same work, knowing that in a.'5outhern couxt, there was much, less 

chance for Brown to receive a fair hearing than a Fe~.era1 Couxt . 

a :,,~, . . 

. He was taken to the city jail in Alexandria, Va .,' and afteY some time was re" 

leased on $10,000 bond, Then, ; .the Governor of Maxyl,~nd, ask~d''the Governor o~ Vir~ . 

ginia to extradite Brown to stand trial on the school-burning charge . The Governor 

of Virginia honored his request ; Brown was once- again- in jail, but his xetur.rr' to,., 

Maryland was prevented through legal action taken by~his attorneys, On September-,~ 

; 1 8 , 

Page . . . . . . . . 4 

1967, Brown was released from jail on yet ~a`tiix~thex'`$14,000 bail on the condition 

that he . would not leave the eleven counties of the Southern District of New Yoxk 

, ;.except to travel to consult with one of his attorneys . 

v'Shortly thereafter, Brown was once aga ,p af~es~ed'on a charge of carrying à we~porr: 

' whilE under, indictment, was j~ai],ed iri '~tecvr lbrkrCity and' released .p.n $15 ;Q00 

bond . The red a ction on . Brown's right to travel was appealed"to the CYri:ef Ju~ti-ce 

.off the U,S . Supreme Caur~t who tu ned:down the appeal . 

It--` - is, , vl-eax (fiat if ,H :""Rap .Bxcswn .is going to be released fror;i his, ''jail" °in,New 

York, it will ;-onL`yx'be t eC~titse of `pressure put upon the Federal Government . This is 

an important case ; izec~usre-~,~ . g the Federal Government-succeeds in keeping~H . : Rap 

Bxawn ''jailed", overnighf;'mil:~ants wall find themselves arrested on false charges 

and xeleased, with the condition :hat ~~'~heir movements . .be' restricted_lvty a proscribed 

area . It happened to Bill Epton, :, .~~:ack Liberation fighter from ~iaxaem, in .1964, 

when he was arrested on charges of inciting to riot during the Harl2m ;rebellions of 

that summer, I-c happened to John Harris, Black Liberat an fighter .in'Los Angeles, 

who 'was arrested for leafleting, released and note restricted to California . It happened 

to Edd e Oquendo, Black Draft resistor. from i3roaklyn, who. wa§ convicted for 

refusing to serve in the army, released on appeal and is now restricted'vto .,,the borrough 

of Brooklyn, New York . ~ " . ~. . 

Tt is clear what the Government is tryingyto,do . It is oux responsibility to 

stop them . If they succeed in keeping H . Rap~E3roovny- .one of the well-known Black 

leaders, restricted to New York, they will then be able to move with impunity against 

any militant in the country . - ; 

(Continued) 

(7l .

DLACK MARKETER - Continued 

trJHAT YJU MUST DO : 

Page . . . . . . . . 5 

. . Send a tel~gxam immediately i:a SNCC, 10f Fifth Avenue, New' York, :IV :Y,._,. 10011 

requesting H .' :~T~" ° Drown to speak in your :comn(i~ri ty . The United States :~ay,~rnmerit 

is trying to say that Black"p'eople in the Unified-Stakes are nod interested in .the 

words of Chairman . Drown, tnle know this is 'a Tie .' 

2 . Write letters of protest to Chairman H:'~'ap ~Drov~n . .,p~Qt~sting his illegal '"house 

arrest ." Your letter may be used as an affidavit which, we will attach,to his ap-' 

peal to the Supreme Court to overturn the racist decision of the Vir~i~ian cracker 

judge . 

3 . Circulate and get signatures for the Cit ens Amicus Brief in Support .,of N: Rip 

Drown's a ; ;ea1 from h~.s''~3ai1 Restrictions . 

. 

4 . Send a contribution to the National df~i-e~ of SNCC, 360 Nelson Street 'A~lanta, 

Georgia . ' Your dollar;s.''wiril 1~elp SNC~, ;carry on its political ~~ork towed Duck 

Liberation° , . ,, ;, 

. n . 

~ne.losed find $~,

BLACK MARK. .;TER - continued 

Pa e . ., . 

DR . SPOCK AND OTHER PROMINENT WHITE AMERICAN ANTIWAR FIGURES TNDICTED 

Thw White American government has launched its first major attack on c~ltwte 

Amexica T s movemex~~t against ;,the Vietnam war . A federal grand jury indicted 

five prominent opponents of the war January 5, , : .,,, f ~: ; . ,~,~~ V 

The five were charged with "cons~lri~ing to councel young men to violate ache 

draft laws ." They face up to five years in prison and fines of v~10,000 each 

if convicted . 

The govern~t~n~ .~ ~ m~a:nc~ .,- .x.~, t~xrar,ize arid` intimidate -.the .white peace movement 

chose for it$ :rvi.~t; s~,;,5oi~e ;o~ ~~h .e t~c5st wYdely'-~)e~lowiz :, ;arid~xespectab~ ;,figures 

associatedr}s~a.th : the~r:~der,ate . wing . o~`' ~he° rno~i~me~ t . r~:; ;- 

Most famous of those indicted were ~'17Y j ~=~ Betrj'smir~~~Spock, : t,he, ;a3l~hp~ , anti pe;- . 

diatrician, and Willian Sloane Coffin Jr : CYl~pl'ai~t` of yaYe yniversit~~.. . 

Accord ~x i A,~ ?' -~>:~e,~ ~,~inc~ictmg~ , ~ , } the five agreed to " sponsox a , tat~t:ian-"w~'c~e~'~ 

craft resi~s;;ta~.ce ; pr-,agzy~,m. . that~oul,d wiac~.ude. 't~xsr~.ipting .the induction centers, ,, 

making pzil'S7

DRUM . . 

. 

taHtAT . .IS. de F~1t~L.LE AFTER 

, 

, . 

. f. >~reat` man~i,';Amer~tcans~ ; ` ncft~din~,,.,: odder ~~, 

ly ~nougl marry, : oho have a' ri~aic~ .time, mak~a: 

ing ~'~ ends ' J ,meet ; . ;are c~otr~ed~. ; ak~out 

,~~ de~ Gfull~'s t,aka.ng ~'.~zu~r go~-+3." bad` couarse, 

t3~e gofd~ i'~ Eor~' ~nox isn't "our gold .'! 

;Tk~atr is,°'r it'dge~n't belong to the counter 

J : r : .,ryt. . 

~s~~workers .' 'f~ou .might say the U,S, gold 

s ,>hc~xd . 

"is ` the collective property of, ;the- 

{~d5 ;' capitalist class, But even this .ti~ 

s;~~~te', is -far from clear, Fact' is, that gold r 

hoard is mortgaged, not up to the halt, 

but way `' over the hilt, 

the mortgagees, 

Ftane~' is ,o,~,e r~~' 

We're not so naive as to think.,$; ; 

.l .~;ne,. .of "xeasbning will have amy effect a~t 

~~11' ., :ov people who axe enraged ovex d :, 

.~uulle''s policy of buying gold with U,. 

~,o lars : they'll ; come right bacf anc~ tel.;l 

~s ., thia is a lot of hogwash if not dow:} 

right unpatr~iot~,c that the United State 

I~~ ~ ~rfought' ' two`~waxs ; . to save the Frer~ 

r_~t~on . fri~m' .~ :'rktin~~~.Qm,, , . . 

. . . and that , . . Fxa~~~ .~ : 

ow~ .y , , rus r , : . a ~ , .r . Wor,~,cl . l~ax I debt'~~oi~ &~ . t~~~~ 

. 1 ic~:~ :, ~ a ffifnciQTatIS r; ~.,a~d inte~rles't . "!.I~ 

~'ran~Q~'ca~iriues to de~tand gold"'foz ~~dah 

i~.~,.-c5w-dollars spent in France by . . ,Ame" 

.E.ican tourists and businessmen, de Gaullg 

.seems to despise,j!, . ; .;~d~.torialized the' Tn~ 

dianapolis Stax , Dec . I, "the Uniteq 

States =should retaliate promptly by an- 

:~orancing to France and to the world that 

xao demand for gold will be honored unti :~. 

France pays her dQbts to the United 

States ." 

WHY DE GAUGLE BEHAVES AS I-~E DOES 

Indeed, many U.S, capitalist spokesmen-. 

edi~'wors, politicians in Congress, and others---are 

getting quite a head of steam 

over President de'Gaulle's policies . De 

Gaulle, it '~.is said, is a man obsessed 

with hatred of everything Anglo-Saxon, 

Ccangxessman Pucinski is convinced that 

"dn Gaulle is a sick man," "His attacks 

cn ?;he United States, his attacks on Englat2d, 

his attacks on Canada, his attacks 

cn the efforts of England to become a 

member of the Common Market, his anti- 

°.'Lbri sic outbuurs s," r~ucinski added, "all 

indicate that here is a man who has lost 

all sense of perspective and all sense of 

j ~.dgment . " 

J FJ 

u v) l'- '. 

r? 

Pa~e . .a . . . . . 

d-r " . , , . .Jl .r~ " 

s .. . : ,r : +r.l : . . 

7 . : r, . . ; . 

I °,J ~~~1 

-'people who personalise '~~ontq~gorax~ 

history . , in this way, May' evc~l~e applause ;'' 

but "they ,~orztx b~te nzot~hirij' 'to pu1~,13C~s:zxn-~~~': 

:-~e~standlr~g t ' > ":~De;r~cau~lle ìs a .r~big;'.~ .' ~t~o-~ .>~~ 

r " . . 

~: ical figure TT ~ . : :he hss ,succeeded zif~-~ 

coricentrati,a~ ,! . a ., greet :`:-cteal. .~ ,, power in . 

the office ; ~~f Presixierx~E`, Bu~, ..he is far 

from`be~.rr~, the almif~ty, Btiti].;~~,headed ty 

rant, whc~ . .,i,s . draggingt an , .ùfw~.l~.ing ~'enCh ±. 

nation ~l,:png, , . with Him as he se~;ks ; pex ° + . 

sonal rever~ge ~~ ;~ .~at: rsbme of his ,U,,S .,-cx~ . .. ..' 

tidst .`-accuse hin, ; af .~ a being .. on; , : ;~m:. ~©n r ;r_? 

trary ~fe" Gaulle has` behind hx~n` :quietly, 

but nevertk~~~ess fe~vently ahpl~!~ding.-his ' +-s+., 

efforts, a , ;.solid :z~a~ority of yhe Fr:,ench -~

DRUM 

tat investments . And when the U,S, gave and political competitor that it is, T ~s . 

$17 billion in aid to "rehabilitate" free herself of tie need a~or an "et~Ccl~nic 

postwar France, it was not out of love umbrella" held in Anglo-Saxon hands,~she ; 

for France, but because if France had not labished money an3d scientific talent on, . 

been saved for capitalism she would have developing hex own- A-bomb,' She reasser- 

been reorganized on "Communist" statist ted sovereignty~cv~er Frend~ territory and 

lines, and would have wound up as satel- air'spaee that'°shP~`had'~een in na pas3-, 

ite and ally of Soviet Russia, Lion to assert in' x.949 whets SNi4~fi, NA'~O's 

As for the Fxench ruling class, it never supreme military ° heed~ua~t~arsi took up 

wasted a moment's time on gratitude . It resid+snce in the 1~eart of franca, ?~orst 

understood U, S, capitalist motivations of all, fromi U .S, icapitali m''s iewpoint 

thoroughly . And, regardless ctf,.j~u~~,,o ;~;,a~i :, -were~F~~aixce's actilons shak~:ng the rickefiy 

paned to head its political executive~com- international ~on~etary system in Which 

mittee, French national policy has ex-, t ` the ,~1a~;~âx . ;~and 'tJ~,e'p+o-und atex~l ~ag"':b+acame 

pressed what were believed to be French , in~tex'~aa~,~,q~al r.~ rvet ~cu~x~nuies . 

ruling-class interests . ~ ~ ;~ . .Franca',,s~ .r, aAm'p~~,~an~ . :r 'has ;=' a'lx+eady been 

., r ds,.g~,t ''.~ '~'~l k ~ ~~ he ' ~uLu'innb , ~ "The cT+~ll ar's 

FRCM COMPLIANT ALLY TO COMPETING FOE x,~.t-r~~?~~~' :~~-,~~ =~rfa~tus ab~s'i>lv~!~3',,,U»S ., n~pitalism 

For many postwax years, Fxench capital- .,:, ;~±~ .,-tM~?} z~e'a~d :f4~' so ~marracge~`3ts~ economic' af- 

ism relied so heavily on U,S, aid that i'h~,i~~freir,s~~,as ,'~'c ~`l mit~ate ~kbe def~+~3ts i~ti'in- 

found it expedient to collaborate on po-,, . : xert~~t~.ana'1 `payments .tbrat~ i't incurred 

olicy . These were the early years of ,, yea~;~, .ra~ter w'year . That~` .~.a,' m'stead''of 

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,4 : ., baviz~ tp use 'the gold fxb~n Foit 'Knox to 

Even after the Euxopean Common Market was .;pay .q~ff ,the defi~pits, U;S' ;.'%~capi~talismof 

organized, France was a more or less com-`., :used iz~fla~:ed dollars . ~irf' effect, ; it 

pliant ally . Sut, as the Common Market bought francs with dollars~ "'an~ used 'the ^ 

solidified, French capitalism began to , .francs to buiy up 1~ucrative p~~nch iii~idusexperience 

the stimulating advantages of 3 

. ~ tri2~1' " eatablishmei~ts . 

p 

a market that expanded 'to unprecedented 

.. ' . 

~ 

.,: 

~' ~' ~ 

.rc~ 

~r`-. 

. : :..~ 

,~ 

scope . Gzadually, Fxance's economic and 

military dependence on U .S,., capitalism 

~c~iminished and finally disappeared. It ~ ~., 

was then that her natural,'pap3aalist . rolg ~""" ~ 

p,'.v i 

as an economic competit;b~ 

g'an to emerge . 

~of' the . U,'S, 

.'v 

be- 

. 

v'"~t ~: ". r . 

,,~ .>rr ~ ., `.~ 

;By :~now, French capitalism wfflded, no~E 

only the weight of Frencf~`~b~ereignty, 

,,v 

s- .fi. ;. f 

'~ To Be Cc~ntd~#ue'd! 

. . 

f :, it 

~' . 

;F -' 

but also, i,n some instances, tii~ weight 

of alf si c df 'the ~ E iropean ~, Comn bn, ;Martcet 

nations . This~'~she was ablr~` to do because 

the Treaty of Rome, ~ih ch~ cxeated ; . 'the 

Common' Market, provided for '~ 'v2tcS,' . ~ As 

i.s~' well :know, . .:.France 'uti~,i'zed `~Cl e~ veto 

t~x block I3rìtain's entry -f~into the Common 

Market . 5Yre did this not, as it is gen- 

exalhy supposed ; because de Gauile was t., ~, " ; 

hostile to Angla-Saxons, but because F3xi- 

ta n was seen : as a jixnior partner .in' an 

Ang~.o-Saxon ; ; . a:mper'~.al'is~h . ; '~o l~t~~ hei iri~ 

would be to give U,S, ~ capitalism a stxa-' 

task ^ agent in Common Market :councils, .. . 

For vaxiaaxs- ;reasons,wtl~' st'~would~~iave been 

in ; conflict with Fr~ecich cap~tal at 'Xnter- 

.? ~ , 

es;~s 

t 

. . ' 

. 

F~tANCE REASSERTS SOVEREIGNTY 

. ;DeyGaulle's Fran+cev very logically began . 

tc~ treat ; U,S,, capitalism''as 

.,. 

ti,~ ~ . . .. 

. 

. 

' 

. . . 

. . ' 

. . 

. ... . .~ 

4 . 

7 ..) 

' 

. . Tt (7 .~. G: 3.~ .~ 1 

, . . 

y, } ~'!! :7 :S ..L C~t ~~ i f i 

ti.4a . .,. .:) . '..v~..I. ;Jt` . 

.., j': ~ :. . '. ~ ., 

`R 

.,rJ'., 

Page . . . . . . 

~''L A y, ~ In f.3 , . . "'~q ;F ~li4y, . . 

. ~-:, :;v ;--, 

. . . .l; t. 

A

~ .' fi1':~ . 

PF:OTI S DES2RaY PfJRTUGUESE WHI7~ES 

IN . ~TG4LA SOUTHER N AFR ICA 

Tbe, guerrsla ogax in Angola has spread .,-~ ., ;A renters dispatch carried in Le Monde 

tq the, center of .the, country ~~ the New ; ,ah January 2 reports : that a Libera- 

York fides o~E" rie;' ceml~~r 3q re~~rt.s .~ ~ ., . , .t on Movement spokesman on Radio t3razter 

haf~ng' =-corii~~ns~ ;'' th~i~ , pper~at%tins ~~ zaville announced that thirty Portuprimar.i~,y> 

t~c~ ~t~e .:bq~der~vregians for the gnaw bodies were ;left behind in these 

last six yea~r~, the .Angolan guerrilas engagements y , while the guerrillas lostare 

reported to have recently scored six dead . 

major gains in the central region, far 

Pram their reputed base in Zambia . 

Violent clashes at several points in 

the coastal regions of Cabinda in north' 

Angola have also been recently reported 

by the Angolan'-Peoples Libexation Movement 

. 

NEW WARNING ON WII~EFt WAR IN SOt?1~{EAST 

AS IA 

The new year began with a series of 

warnings than Lyndion Johnson is on the 

verge of carrying the Vietnam wax into

GLOBAL VIEWS - Continued 

Laos, Cambodia, North Vietnam, ox even 

China . The warnings came from critical 

senators, former generals and govaxnment 

officials, who are in a good posS, .. 

tian to t~now clhat Johnson is up to . 

Lieut, General James M . Gavin, retired, 

referr~,ng to Eisenhower's proposals 

for a virtual invasion of Laos 

and Cambodia, said December 29 ; 

"I can't .conceive of them being said 

without briefings Exam someone in the 

Pentagon . So 

dp ." 

thiso . . . .is what we are 

going to 

Earlier in D`~emb~r, Roger Hilsman- "" 

farmer Under Secretary of State for 

SoutheaJt As :an Affairs, told a iiF?w 

York audie^ce that the "present situation 

cv .~.ll lead ~:.nexorably, unless our 

present rJ~b;jectives are changed, to a 

?`rid war in North Vietnam ." 

Sc:~ator tJa;%ne Mors~,~ said in a Janua~.=~ 

:~ tr:~~~: .sacan : ~~.~'~^~~view that U . S . 

was I3E , *ded for a war with China . The 

N~:~ra ~.~-~c ~=~ost reported that Morse said 

au~^'o~`., ~ waaw~" Gnrot be ~NOn either with 

" . -~- .c . .;:-~ . " .~ ~~ or nur.~--~~ :w ~aeapons " ~ 

Pa!~e . , . . . . . .10 

and that "if war With China did come, 

that America would have 3,000,000 

troops in China within three years .',' 

Morse further decYaxed : "I am shocked 

at how we can walk out on all our moral 

ideals in connectia~i with the way we',re 

prosecuting the war, We'd better ~~r3n 

it, because, don't'foxget that only defeated 

nations axe tired, and if we 

should lose it the verdict of the world 

would make .the Nur~mburg trials insignificant 

." 

000 GUERRILLAS REPORTED IN WEST 

IR_IAN ,__IND4NES IA 

A new outbzeak of majox guerrilla activity 

in Indonesia is reported in the 

January g issue : of the weekly New'~~"~"sweek 

Two thousand guerrillas are said to be 

operating freely irk the jungles around 

Sukarnoptucna, the ca~~ital of West Irian 

(formerly, Netherlands New Guinea), and 

other. population centers on that island . 

Indonesian gunboats have reportedly 

shelled'smailer tows°s and villages which 

have risen against tie bloody dictatorship 

of General Suha~rto . Newsweek reports 

that amid spre~dit~g fighting, the 

guerrillas have blocked the, flaw of 

food supp3.ies from the ''in~eriox to gov,ernment-controlled 

s+a~tled areas . 

"- Pl .oae Ctip and Mpit to : """ 

P .a . ~px a~di . 

Emeryville ~rqnth 

Onkld~ ;~~ ~Cd'i'i'iai,aia 

N~aYn" 

;i 

oddrwss 

~~1 ; .. Pisdp~ ~ 

Enc "oswd Xou YVi1i l~ie~! ;~ 

,~: ::i: ... . : . .":. 

., ., ca : ~r ',

. . .b~._...~.~ .~.,.. .,~,m.. ..,.~ 

Page : : . . : : . : x : 

~e Wife,, . Lovers 

One or More Wives 

(Undexcov~r)~ 

.»Q~r 

Y ~' ' ( In the men ~ 

T2~e, ;"hz~~p~iy marx .?~ed"., ;Fura~eans ~nd .~mer~cans who secretly keep apart ments 

fc~z th~ii~~~:o+ctQ~s mayr:s~~~r a~ caunt~~~a ~heze men have . more than one; legal 

w' ..~`"e, but when the~fa~~-t~ axe examinied', w~i~h .are the nwze maxal? ~~ . 

_ 

_~~i~s . 

. searching quest on wh3eM invo~.v~~~ ~ po7,yga~y cats . ; oni~ Viand and one wife 

1us "outside laws interests" on the athe~ dad 3.ar1A51 ~aia~uec~ r~r~calists th~eiugh~ 

d ,,, ;,, r ~ 

~xll~dn`szconaider, p, olyg~m~--the pra~t~.~te .a 

. . 

the 2~a~ r~s -b~ -they pad,a~ncrur$ , 

> > , r. 

.f h~v~.n9 maze thin one wife ae ~~ 

gair~st theiz~ ~ìmorah code, l''he hold that its ~ oP].~ ptuc~ose is t#~e gr~tificatigp 

of tree lusct of ~Che male ~,nimai~ ~ '~~" ' 

But md~y of the same western' ma~crle~ men who ~ ccr~~le~ polY~amY spend evenings 

aitaay ~frotn - hone ~a.~ " .business ma~texs" vnh~.~ch ccrn~ sl: gf romantic interludes ~n

SOiU%. S IS'~l~'' 

r 

r .,r 

POLYGAMY LT;~~SUS MONOGAMY 

Continued 

Page . . . , . , '12 

Though it .is commonly agreed that the practice of polygamy is on the way out 

it is still by na means obsolete . 

Searching for facts on the marriage customs in Africa, I asked a young "files 

A:~ri can vahom I had been led to believe was a participant 'in a polygamous maic.= 

riage, what he thought about polygamy as a national custom, He promptly shot 

bac; : 

"We axe no more polygamous than those men in your country who hav~ aparrments 

for t:~air lovers on Fifth Rvenue . Our acts are legal under Mus13Mg ]~atv and 

customary law . It must be agreed to by the families . Polygamy is ~ very good 

~.n .si;itution . It is a very unselfish institution ." 

f_~ n, nore calmly, he ^gadded, "polygamy is basically an associa~tiorl of the 

ric3z, You n

P 

SCl.°n.. 5 ~S~A ° 

?+. BLA{~PC ;, ;~a_ SINE ft7r BLAC:~ P5C)FL, 

I'&~ : , Articles 

t2rt :" iewG 

POL~:GAMY VERSUS P~ROPdOGt~.MY" 

Continued 

P? cl: ox it :ci~:'~z rNas icxzaped u, c~ra l~;x.u~nah and . Ghana ~ash yea:: hecaase e~f a 

G,~hi~cn., p~tp~ i.° Ua~a~.c:~? ~Yie G'~Gria Gu~r:~c;Anm4 :it :cazeased thz~t w~;s in',;er preted b x cut 

siei~:rs as ., app~:u :.irg of g~l ;re~~ir;fc~ta.s taaxxiagi;s . 

4 :-G;~~;.a~.1Y~ f :Y~=: ,bJ.~:i'L2 "apes: Z~:~..d nothi.n e~ of ~;he sv~t . 

:? .rl ^_F^. ii?~~G~ : ~ '?°U a'~'Uad t~'12 . ~Sc~'S7Li1~al% 7f G:e7: ta7a1 '~CEA~;c?S y 

Page . . e . . . , , ~.3 

wr~at . ..t~api7~rrc: ;1 wav 'that. . 

merr~ e~u~~~~.a ~.1a~.ia 3 or 4 

urcn~ . cvi:~~ d . . :r¬r°., xrgistex . 

s~,ia v : : ; :., W , ~ ei :_~~~:~~-~ :a ."; ,~ i .z 'vd~: . ~;~ f2pzr al3.xec~~r~ ~i~~a 

arid' ~.iece~ ~,~~-. fo~~ - ~?al.y t~r'a2 wife 

ii1L5 y 1.3'lf: CjL'.S ~":.Z.f7i1 of F"J i i t ~ .~:r : . i3F f:£Yi7t3.r2 :r.9 tQ fJE c~rY a~ca' caf ;- 'wicie d:C :+[?i :~`Gao In 

~~êx'~~. :?xr . 4~xeas c~f Africa ~~r~xe are those wTx-o 'helie~e it h;~s g~.ê~":~3;er, ec~orxora;~c 

~d~:c,tn'i:~~~ ~- . a%~ci i., a .-a .a :a.c :~..~ f, .~r . .j.~a,~,.rk ~a~.n ..,~:g f~~ :i?:f cr,~.~dar3 w :," ,

PURNING SPEAR 

Page . . . . . . . .I4 

. 

. 

. 

Hannibal is said to have been the most brilliant military .genius of all time . 

At 26, he executed and accomplished what, in his day, was truly impossible, 

Born in 246 A,D ., in a wealthy seafaring nation and descendants of another 

great Black people, the Phonenicians, Carthage was the center . of trade at that 

time . Carthage traded with India, people of the Mediterranean and neighboring 

Isles and, of course, traded with other-people of Africa . 

Rome, which was only 100 miles from the beautiful, black wealthy shores of 

Carthage, naturally envied the richness there and wanted a piece of trade. Diy's 

Soon war erupted between Rorne and Carthage (the first of dire° wars between 

Rome and Carthage called the .Punic Wars) in which 53eily was lost to Romans . 

Though the Carthaginians suffered that defeat, her people were soon 'roused 

by Hamilcar Barca--the Lightning, who led his people on to a series of b~illiant 

victories . His nine year old son, Hannibal (with the spirit of a born 

warriox) then pledged to bury the Romans beneath the sand dunes of the Sahara . 

Just seventeen short years later, Hannibal had become supreme commander of the 

army, and went on to unite all his people and dust all his local enemies . 

Spain and F~ance, plus the savage white tribes in the axea, also were subdued 

by this brave black man . Even more daring, with just 80,000 men and 40 

elephants, Hannibal decided to revenge his people and bring Rome tumbling down . 

Even though Rome had a mi113.on men in its infantry a superior navy, and was 

virtually impregnable because of the frozen Alps which provided a natural defense, 

she still shook in her. white knees at the thought of Black retribution . 

Check now ; Hannibal and his soldiers were 

used to the weather of the tropics, were unmerically 

and physically outnumbered, and 

had not even seen the Alps nor could they imag 

.ne the dangers to be encountered; the 

freezing weather, frozen paths, incredible 

precipices which meant instant death if one 

fell, and savage cuhite tribes lurking behind 

the rocks . This was incredible : No ~vprye 

dared cross the Alps, except Hannibal 

But before he even reached the Alps, Hannibal 

met an array of whites guarding the 

Rhine river which he had to cross . The 

Hunkys had the numerical advantage, plus 

they did not need to cross the river . Always 

thinking, Hannibal sent part of his army 

some few miles down vhe a:iver .where they 

crossed safely . A1. a signal, Ha~a3.bai 

crossed the river and was met full force in 

the front by the enemy . Hannibal's other 

soldiers then attacked the enemy on its 

flank and caught them in a trick which 

what looked as defeat into victory, bold 

tactics into brilliant strategyr The Alps 

were next° 

---- . . . .-,, 

Hannibal and hia soldiers found themselves fatally unprepaxed for the blizzard 

cold of the Alps . Many of his men froze to death, or fell to death on the 

high ridges . About halfway, Hannibal and his soldiers wexe met by a hostile 

white tribe which let loose boulders on the army and killed many men who were 

unable to defend or cover themselves on the narrow path . Unable to progress or

a 

.y . . . " . 

~ .a8 :i' ' ('IS:'~..~ ;' ; ~.I 

.i,} .fr(J~j . . 'fl(~l~~w : ~ ffl..i :y~' 

tr rrr,r~ 

, :Ì'1 ~ {~~ 

_~.~--,._k~URlya'NC._s`FE~. _ Page- 2-- Hannibal " . .~: r , , . : 

i 

. 

. 

, pa~e . : . : : . . :1S 

a i=-~ 

c>rri :rl~ i 

. - r = : aL" . 

., q t ~'tr - 

: ;'eYi~' 

, . : 

. 

. .1 ;' : " w : 

re~xeat, th~,s~,~~~x3~~.liant Black : strategist lay ;d~~d a few day . ° :bTe ~~ . i rat~±elf 

~ .~is 

.~ ''tint r . . , 

tn~t the hunkys- .,retired ~ every evens « at tl~e ,~ sine tatnae -a~hd o.~~.y-=xstuztxed,,~~ ` ;, . 

dawn . Bc._ . :~zg . his plan upon these fact~",,and knaawl;~d~e . of th~~ eneu~ies' c9~felns±~,~, : .'r(7 . . 

Hannibal . and his ent~.re army swooped :past .t~?Q ~nram3,es' guard ; shortly after t~eyf' .~" 

"'ietixe~: .: 'Though the . enemy : was ;aleacted, and .,~ti~.~, managed -~Q : trill many . Qf t~ ; . ;~ f . 

t~'oops, H~;nnibal and 'the majority of ,.the .~o~.d~,ers stall e~prv ved plus ,his, ~.~ . 

eleph~. ;r~i;~~ $ ar integral part of has ax7my, y. r,`J . . . 

Fuxthe :: m;'s.sfor une ,gnsue.d : wk~en anctt~er . ts;in . trfta~" ; p e:tar~ded ;fx~.,e~r~d i : , 

~ Rr . 

and e~. z~ht , many moare . , of Hana~ibal s ., ~ tro ~ . ~ ..i~:;.a a . ., Only 213 ~.I~fiQ l: 

cal.var~i : of. , the .or~t,~. nal, ~O ;Qt3~ mep ~~rvsved :-,--.but., ~~n~n~bal .'; d .~~hc~ ~r+~~~:'~ A1 s . . 

~ :r J : 

and a,c~~:.~;~lisheii ther,~.zppo`s;~~.ble ; ., ~,:. ;~ : , . ~"1,, ; ; . : , , ; . : 

F~ome shook tq death .; Tt .e whole w~id : ;gasped ~a~~;r a~k~d, , s,~w ~ at k3a~#~~d~:= teen a , 

~f~ r 

" 

~ , ~ 

. . 

th~"se "B~actc people,wY~o, .,cur's think-~ . impassible, then do i "~ ~" .: .'r.~; r ; :, . , 

"Rome, xmmcdiately moba.l 

.'rl 

zed alrh:~ of :~ts~ ar~~.~r r~ ; ,er~e wp:. : ita, ~ce"~sis~ . 

om Carthage hoping to persuade ., H~r~f~br$.~, ,w~ ,w rF~s~ yy; w~eak r ~r~" ~hum'~ex to ~~,t~~ 

turn home . hnstead, Hannibal gat~iere~d aal ~1~3,~ M.':an~ $,did ~to his ca~pt,ix~ee :,_ 

that tize;y would J .J 

have to fight fax the~tr~ l~ ~e =. :..~~~,, .c~aPti.~ss ! .f . whoa re~aaainec! , ~- ; 

live covy.d go . ., free with +a bag of gold o~.~t~o~,x~,~_~.H~;npib~l and ~~~°,,~mme_ of 

gaadies . t~f,,e~ .the, capta.ves had battl,a~t~~.a~,h- atMer, Hst~ipib~I . kepi . ' 

~ 

hd.s ::=~r~a~m3s 

and gztr~: ~so?.d 

. _f t~.; 

to the Apes who lived . ; ; . ,., 

Hanr "c~ ;~ t 'mod to~,h e e and bo as ~ ~ ~"~~3~u~,,~, ~~$1~~ ~ ~ ~r~.~ 

~ .,her~. . . m p s ~ally' rapped t4 i~ m~n:~ ~ - 

were I~.k~: captives ~.n a starange land fac~~~~13;th ~~~~h~1f~~1~ ern~my wiith pp~ r~ to 

cur:' and r ~~":~s axe to hide and that tl~ey wQU~hd:1~~,:~,,~4,~a 5tht . ~~ . 1~~teir :1f~.=~~~ ;, 

would- uhY~;r d~~? Those Black men ', chose,>tt~ '.f hr~.4 ;~ ¬~; ,~th~ei~ ~~ _ . ; ,~ ~Iat~~+5~E ~1~d e floe,.= : 

Ir a: ge .:~y . -~:.:~ Rome had , ever ~broug#~t to battle . ' ' - , . :~ :~ ,f(7 .1 , . 

t^Jwth c~c~ux..~;c(e, sag~,nity,, and Black, bzain ;p~~!e~ :~~ ~~n~aibia ,:-th ug~t.~9:~t.=;h~~ ..;e.~r - ;. 

te~y and za^~:ics . t~om~, owexcs~n~ident of ~ nn; l! ..., ~~_~ ~~. ~na~1 .r "~ yv ° a~ta~~~dr~ : r,, t 

when -( ;w%: :~. :1 ~a~appened, and Roman ~ troops ~mam~a~. :~~k, . .~~, ~~~fth 

r. . 

~, ~a1, ~las~d . 

in on a . "Ex~ ; flanks . and stamp®ded with hia~ e1c~p~~rat'~t'Car~ , rf 

~ ~ ~ ~f'1 ` ~tN3~ft . s~~~tth ,~si~ the . 

. 

. 

white ta:r~~ :~s '.~,nd : the hands of Isis B1aatE ~wuzd~men~ ., ~'~ '' i :.fast., ;'in-; ~ e , `, 

tl~, kc:ma~~ b~ ood. funned the xiver.,,~ufidi~t~medf,an~,~, oc - 

1h.~~ Teas e:ne of the many miraculous def~atts~, :ô~,,r ~ "~~a~~. .,..`~' 

man `c° .':~rx give who was determined to st~Yive, Ba~~tuc$e~~~~''eC 

moxal7.y, psychologically b and militar:~7,"y ., I'"er:~aaps -the Qnl 

mace: was izot to follow the advice of :,i~:as -ger~ersls :and at 

itael :>:. -~ :a~~a.s br~.nging down that wall of beastrom, 

He ca~c~.da ? to pillage the land and wdi.d : so virfual7.y ,ur~d~; 

until die k:.~a~d rumors of a planned attaal~ by., . 

Romans '~~ nvkaide~,~a~.~hage3 `~ Hant~ ~ 

bat ~.my;,-e~ :i~.'~;c- Iy tuacned to the city, Romp,. , ~s he~s st~drod ..,an the ~:hi~la.~w ~ :. 

. 

I 

~:~~r~o~nl7t~,r~ ~9 

y a~ueh~~l ic e 

,ma~ta~Ce ~t~r~3,l~atl 

k ~c~ ( they - city 

oo~ti q 

the rw~~.t ;~, 

''.a~ 

sun stood still, clouds refused to move and b'xds , stopped :;~hat.ter 

ng whi'l~ t~xe wind tiptoed through the ,gr~a ts .~ .. ?Ha 3b~]:"'{~ f.ac~r~u~id~ ~x'.,~ity 

on hxs elephant and all Rome had a shit :fit . but ~°t~t~rr~, H,a~nxb~l ~~r~ai~e,~s°hadars~ g 

figure xc :~^ded into the hills and all ~4me .e 

sigh 

rrl~. rl its ~i breewt~` ire a d~ 

Thereafter:" , for thirteen years, Hannibal roamed all over ~t~ly~ .°~tn~d ° cls, m~rd 

somE of fi ,~ ,~~ealth partly stolen- from Ce,~r^bhaige-. C3nly bsr:~%~ . t . :s~=~t.s x':;was 

in ~~~.~ ~". ~ a, ~~. ~:.onda,tion did Hannibal leave: :Italy :;~d re uxrr~ .~l~a ,. ~ :~D ; i c. ;. ,~e 

of ~ar ~~, : ^^~ ~~aere so disunified that all of Ha~nnibal's e is t 

uns,~c ~ °~ v'e :~~:~ ~ " . ~ .Soc~, r;gafterwards, Rome had been abl~~~~ t 4V ~~~~o! 

s~ ; ::e.~g~= : .~ :;~~. again made wax with Carthage and took advanta e of the people's 

d s~.iai~; ;r,> 

lose: uo~ :z?~ 

Esrave a IIlack Hannibal fought, till deep its his s xties . Though he 

::'^wisive battles he continued- to cook . When he died, even the world 

had ~~ ~~ ~;. .~ :'."4 rc?c~ledge the passing of this Black genius : 

~J'r

n ::u'v .t. .' i :, . } . . .l .,C.', r . . f t:? r: t".~ .i. ' 

all'~~that' ' mi's's '-' '~'g=a~-nst :;~~he ?~.8). :.r,~Onr~f`r~ 

~ 

}''~AeI2°tt$1~~ Tif'a r wr>< r ;( it :rt>y 

i ., 

At 

, r,l . S 

>" , . . ., r::, , . 

w. . 

TYie `T~"dcluctiCti~ ~dff ;cdr' shmtoi~:. M~:~, '~~r~~d~.~ 

!1Ko, - . 

fitmrr " sctY~y . Gairexnm ~ti t soPsiLat ~ailowed to'~ interfere' ~ im . ~ ~ . 

11'~'fC'~- .-u,~ . x i C'~r- yr y , ;. 

~~ , "N~r~-no,'' :t.{ltis;` prot.este,d, ~tna3~l'i .G~~~~~ ~ .: 

peen xeadi'ng in .' ahe~ p~tP r~~°:~!ti?dwr ~~1fte?~, 

px ests beenY : ::st,ir;x'i;~g up `;Mt~,cf~tb~ :'e, ~fd+~'' 

I'm going to take a machine gun, and 

blast th+e -he11-' vut of'..the~m:" 

The;, Indutcticnh~ Officer wa.nced .at~d' wr~~e : :` 

sameah ng , on~ the letter : in front ~;df 1~~'im~.~ 

oils Doss zrrTO zHe ARMY ;: ., . 

. 

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,i~~ a~h~: n~'tcfr~' ~{b~ed 

r.ti 

`the tb~~ : of his to o=~ta Germa~i r , - 

S' n;+~'a . ;7 r7 ' ., . . . : .,. ~ - : .. , . . . , ., _ .~ . . ... .,. . ., .., . .~. . . ,. ~ . f~ " . :. c .. . (v :: . 

o ~ " ~'e ~ ~ ~~ r~itc~h'~`dè . 

,nom 

,, _h " - 

', 

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-' : . . .~, . .: 

m 

w~~.. ;~' . . fix ~. ~ , arrd 

a.' Gh he1"1 ~eah~ 

:. 

~.,d, like, 

:~o .gQ~ to Ger- 

.. -~ 

;ti~~ ~t'r $h~ ;~1~i~ ~ 'I~~rr`'~t~i~ C~iti~ :'` n 

eo~+con~ ~J ~.:'. +, - ! ` ~~ 'ede 

.~ 

; 

rCitgt ~uas ' ;, ~e~ro~v`~ie~ci''?tf~ ''swe~t ''bod '~a. 

~, n' Y ~ tup , ,h~iw 

`~11 ' :~ta~~i's, treat.e~l, E t~,:e ., .~Jews 

,,-r 

dew he`~ds`~ '~ '~~r~ced" t~ ' . .~~~ ' . ~ "~ f.. . . 

wy him ,~s':.,~e~: 

f 

_ . ,, .,, , . , ~ .~ p Ian ;t~art'' T m gori s°hbat' ave ~e~c~an I 

r, r ,; , ;. . ~~ 

.cam, thicaugfi : ' 'Mos'~ wi~fe~`los'~' in deer 't, 

' see 

thau~h~t .off 

i~txrtnur~d~i tierdC~~F~S:~t~"~Co t'he~:r . 

~e off~Cef eased what .h~ had put on 

: 

biddies . .` the "lotter'; r' and, `yvrofe son~etk~inq . e~:se, 

A'b bad-'s'hd~~.dered "~~r ~"it~ : . 

. 

~ 

:n' 

' 

,- ~, :, :~,~,,~, ,. . , ', . g . CAm~+ ~ ," ''~Eo :glancing ~a"t tS't3s ~~d shaki'ng his $ead . 

- is . '~} - ~i.t,t :~ 

:a :r ., ~ .r . ;; 

, 

. ,~, .. ~;- 

~ ~. ., .,t 

r C 

N ; . Ger n'a 

~ ust doe sn t seem :right 

. . . 

:r . . ~e~~, 

:, c2t~ : : Z . , ,fu?ra 

'?heP, f, :~~ ~ .~ic3~d` : `fbr : qu ri :; he s~~ , ' 

:cylru]E't`'fy 

r , 

~oui I su ese ou'd 

r irwt ' 

.s->t, 

t,', 

r , ~~~ , -' .. 

~, s 

. ~ `rt .. `bye ~a 13.ttLe: ~hap~i er 

PP Y 

ris ing duty here im 

Yeah,., 

.. , , "f, h~ s~idy ~scr~;tc~i3~ng beh~.ad ~;h-~.s'' t}~e` Uni,te~l Stag where you ` c;an be . :close 

ar aiiii Pt~1'li~t~'~' ot~f : ~ - ~_ 

. h'~s~~ . i~rilt~~=ti~o~a nat ' .. 

to ~lomet~'' " 

.~p~~~~:~ ;~~~r~'~t'~~ '~~r~.s'''h~x~ ~t~~t~r Win" , 

, 

. 

" - .~ ~ :~ea~h,~''I~'v~ 

, 

. 

, 

r ~ea 

~r~~as 

to code `whi r:~~t': 

~e 

~~ ;i~1,CsttdAi%~tgt~~h some 

tt 1 t7 f". ;T ', tz y, 

n ~ the ~~''my. . ' .,~ ~ = , i~r~~,~. 

' ' ~~ . :,tt~i ~ 1#at 

: ase 

, 

e''. 

.o~.i., 

"H~ve ~ ' ~eet ~ ;? `~Pi~V~e .~ 

~x~f~,°`: .trie ~~n,,~ 

., . . , rt 

`m ''Sou'~her 

r.,s-a~~ as ';h~` ., . 

. 

, 

: : a4 

~3~k ~ht' letter 'from 

. 

Oti~~.`) tffx'~~t~~-, rc~~brn'e ~di~ 

firn he n 

m ; 

"~~~m'bffidex. 

~- 7 . 

, Kfa Klux IC'~an 

Ye~dh`, 

r '~I ;I~~ ~ ~ what I ..~,omi~_' , , ' rt . 

:h~3'la " aY~oti'~~ t.~' . .of. ~y 

:' ~9'Ctno~h 

f 

; Otis - sa~.d'i ; ^~~ei~nir~g . 

~tiI , vv'~n^~èd.:~te ~ ~ ~+~~ ` ~M.~i . . C1eah , up 

~ t ' if-I co~xld ' rat - seat c~v~x tl~~'r~~~t© ~~i~~ ;. . ~, . 

9' f1 -at-_ 

tam, ~t 

,, 

r `; .' 

~~ ''.' ~ The Tz~du~tio~ ~ ~~f3cex sighed and 

- . . t~aia a ~ minute . 

+~,, esent-~'~~ s Viet l~einn? "'' 

Ot.~s nodded ; 

: 'f1~Lat''s' .`:'cuf artt~ ':' ~th2 ;fi'nducti+'yrY, ,.Q, 

ffi~t~ ~: e hs ~ :d 

.~ 

. s 

-r . ~a : . . ~ 'f 

e 

:~ 

!~~ y Y via 

)ra : 

3 9 xeC 

~3~on t you` 

. .rex 

~ 

, 

,` 

_ ~e s~et~t to . v3:+~~ ~~~3~ : ~ . , f t ;.,.f ~ ,, 

~i~ine . b 

a 

13k2 montri or 

r,r 

dust''t~vantto''help~: "my` . couiri~txy : that~ :~ ui ;C'~ ' `right now 

:, 

, 

. 

Why 

ok' 'in a litt~e~: ~yi~31e 

sll, ~~.~ . 

; Qtis s~idt "f 'ght ng °°them , a~here~" 

Bud+fti~at pxa.~~ s` ~ that ~'-ve b~eti talk, n~ 

i~ganing to have a 

about t~a't;, "" Otis 

pet stafioned in o~ie 

babes where L can be 

em, p1a~e~ where they 

`f 

°t~grx~c"ed that me and 

ends oould go around 

~th2~t ,,.place ' in nothing 

~'-'Y`~',u,'~~~t;:~t~~ 'stain ed "sam~~.k~~h ~~ on ~.he ~:ettex as~ hey 

P 

~, r 

. . ! ;, . ;: 

~~nded~ 3.t` ~iack t~ Otis . 

. : ~'fiehT: Ydtt what ~ t~ he sai.da rtW e z re a lit

The ,I~~wrea Af~,ons .gat th~e~.r thing ta~eth~~ with ,their latest recoxdi ,ng of 

;;, 

We're ~ w~.nne~, and never let anybody sayv 

That we can r t make it - , cause the peoples . :' . : in3nd$ ~ 3, 

No more ;tears, ..da,we cry,a iwe have finally dried au 

And cue're ~rniGv~rio on-'up " . 

Laved Y~eve ~cy,~;; we're movie' on up 

We're l~vitig' proof of those alert thatr-'°we" :r, .~ ; true 

And vue're~ mo:vir~' an .up. . , . , 

have ;meroy, -we' xe movfn " an up 

~~d eviybody tcr~ows . the tru~~f wee

':) 

~. c+ 

.11rrWl" , . . ,. 

MMa0.0.RCUS GARVEY : BLACK. FATitlptx ~rr~ . ~ ,~f`.K PdW~,R ~# ) 

~~ ARCU5 GARVEY WAS ~ORIV-SIN THE ISLAND OF JAMAICA, 

SRtTISM WEST tND1ES~ ON THE i7 TN DAY Of AUfIVb'Iw ,--- .I R:.S 7 ~ ~t IS ~ .110tNER ANp 

PATH ER WERE SOTN IILACK AFRICANS WHOSE ANGO TORS , WE11E tllpUallT TO TN AT 

PART Oi THE WORLO FROM AFRICA AS l~.AVES IIr .WNJ-T~ CNRIiYIAN Ett'AOPEANS . 

MARCUS GARVEY'S MOTHER 

WAS A SOlE R AND CONSC IE NT'I O US 

LADYE, WNO "tCAME VICTIM OT' THE 

EuROPEAy~S RELIGION-CHRISTIANITY . 

TRUE TQ ITS PURPOSE 

REN06R6D NER 

CHRISTI ANITY~ TOO SOFT 

, 

AN,Ps AS IAARCVS ARVEY ~AS 

,.-mar.:,. 

. Y g ~ .R 

xo a ~ r 

iN SpITE ,, 4)k~. 

THE 6011TRAOIC~ 

CON~R11f10N `PR61~EN7~IF 

TO MER RY CNRlSTt AN "fiYP IARf . 

GARVEY WAS A STRICT NVIIANI~ 

7AR1 AN . 

LATER ~! +~Qi O . r 

~~ .~cR`~~ ~ ~~, :2 

FOR THE TIIAE S 

O U R 1 t1~9it ; ~111I1t', ~ :~;r ' 

.:. .Nc7i P ;l, . ., ..7FrO C(' .hr~a .l' . 'YU!'.~~: 

,CbCf 

S.r1t ~"J~h 

SN6 COVLD 66 SELN VA4t~~ O " "b'{i'tf,IT1S1 

f't 1!L 

O fTL N NURS " N d TII~Et t~;rwRtlc .,, ~!xr ~;"e" ri~Dt`!I ~ 1 Rr+o ~~' I~Y~,' r..~ 

% . fir 

LS 

N~~s 60L1T ` 

ASSISTING THE NEEDY /Afi11LI DETER° M ~~~i 

"!~`~~ tt~ ~t 

I 

. ~,. . 

c~J Its 

v r . 

~I~el~io~; ``tt~F i~~~4 

r IN NER t3 .d1`f~IMU .NITY~ vSNE WA6 ALWAYS TO YIELD _ ._ ." - 

YY'I~c1.1N0 TO RETVR~1 A i'IAILE lrib'R~A " LOW , .; 

~6LEIV~h N11AiELf 

y r ~la'H"~~ 

AND SESTOYI 'I~NA'R~ITY' UPON '. 

HEII EN[h11t8 . 

.~ ~ , 

TO TM1S iTRANb6 COli1~ 

II" MATION ~1,II .iMRS . 

GARYEY~ MARCV :S 

GARVEY WAIT "ORN . 

. 

:L :.1. : ; . 

MARCUS GAI't°YEY;'S FATHVR Vs1A,5 

A , NtANI . .OF ,Q~~ .RE-A'1' ~1'NTE4LEC T AND 

. . 

a~+ sH ;sNO couR O6 . 

' is .t : ~ ~ 

::>df 

. aO..R f A 1 N Ad~:~ .'~'L LAtf 

rfL.+ .CiM E"7 , +lf,yl.,Q~C . 

y 

E;.k~Y ~~i;, TN .~ .IQ! 

't:~tsr'. s~ :M4ktrl~~r'~Fs . .FAN,:, 

NE WAS A ~ RtiAL1,i.J?r,U~f77!11 

INTEREiTRD IN 

THE NIf10RY OF 

1LAGK PEOPLE .' 

TH 1 S PROO'Q, 

IIAN DE' 

D6D ITRiE1~W < . 

TN_6 3REAT~ 

MAROON :ft,~'K~ 

OF JAIdA1CA~ WN0 

FORCE D THE LNOtirdN 

ELAVE " NIAiTERlI TO RESPE 

z , 

Rf3NT$ A.Np FREF+Jf;OM, 

N W A S :A IME L h~ASIpUi 

W~10 KNEW THAT TWE 

p~SBES OF BLACK 

v 

P~OFLE WAt) bEtN 

R~fS " ER OF TNE1R .,, 

:>"F~ 

r,~r'a . :e :~ 

a fy C-. 

"~"'.'"""""9 ~i~~.v rfwi 

r 

i

. tY~~) f~ . 

l . . . 

r'p7 

.,' 

.hr-, .~ xl , t 

Hflt~SE : 7~' i'; ;Jq ' 

Candle of Civ+lizatian 

~ .m ~ r: .fc 

%f't'.r 

_ ~i,r, 

1. ~ .,~; . 

-. . ;'1 ' t . . . . . . . . . . ' 

. . . 

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1' 

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a. . ~' 

f 

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J 

I!" !f .rt, . 

". s 

:'~..~ D .FOR OJA "" 

, 

. ;~~ , 

,. : UN 'I 

~: 

is ".,( . 

I 

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. 

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. 

. 

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. 

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r 

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4 

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ir 

. 

~" : u:.) . :. 

;:~~ble~ of~~: Corit 11`t~t ae 

t' r (. 

'arl :. 

~ 

,. :i~ 

.~ . }, 

waft,., . 

:r 

`~' , T1iFe'v8x~ck ~~~Qhtk~'~;er . .. . ~~~ . . vr,

The story. behind the recent ax- 

Pest of l6 leadexs end members of 

the Black Panther Party for Selfl~efense, 

Feb, 24 and 25 in Berkeley 

sad Oakland is one of terxox and 

harassment aimed at wiping out the 

Panthers and hamstringing the defense 

of Hazy P, Newton ; 

Panthers ~IFVe talked to are also 

convinced . this late$t cra~ci~dpwn -i: 

fetal :atiot~ ; v' ~fbr the et~cao~raful 

rally "t~dir ~ Newtb~ Feb, .~7+which'ffiasi° . 

b~,OdO persons to hear Stokel~~y Car " 

michae~:, Rap Brown, James Forman 

and°'Bobby Seale -- and to " 'deplete 

the Newton defense fund with new 

legal. cdsts and bail requirements . 

Police behavoir, tended to confirm 

the -accueat3ons made'by the Pan 

. thexai, In , ~rre~ting six of the 

Panthex's, Berkeley police publicia~ed 

charges of "conspiracy to car~azai;t 

murdex ." Having gotten publicicy 

mileage ,;with ;ahis bit of sensa+tionalism, 

".{the police then~did not 

dare to press the charge when the 

six wexe brought into court . 

. ,_The 'big ,bust began Saturday afternoon 

~ Feb, 24, w ith the arxest 

~~ ::°f 10 P t rs : in Oakland, ~a~rrd it ; 

a , ~` ;a .~r~r~, 

peaked" 'in a predawn' polio ra:~d on 

tike Serkeley home of Panther °Chairm: 

;, mao'~ . 

. 

. 

~ 

. Bobb~r" Se~a1e afii~'~'his wife, ~. . Ar- 

" ~C,ae, ~ ~ . . . : . ; 

. . . : , . 

" . ~ .'SSaturday " 'morixing in Oakland?y~ 

~w~a~aid a farith2z "scpokesman, :"..a ;~Pan- 

.±ther was cha~`}~~,"with resisting ar- 

,~-~re~t fox pxotesti'ng~ the brutiliza~ 

:~,~tion ,of a Slack man by . 

.mss 

~~~~~Sat- 

.~ ~x ~. ; aftexnaon ; . ,~ 

ei~hfi :. ~, ~ Via , 

. . . . ~ ~ v. . : ~ j ~ ~ .m . . . . r ; c 

., 

y) . .7t .J {. . 

. 

. 

were arrested Qn charges zanging, :'.; 

from using profanity 'to inciting~a . .:. 

riot as they attempted to stop another 

br.utihixation . 'of a,Black woman . 

And it was less than .12 Mours ~,,~,»~' ' 

ter that heavily-aimed Berkeley' 

cops moved in on the Sea1~s and fouK 

other Panthexs at approximately 

3 :I5 a .m, Sunday . 

"~y wife and I vrere asleep," said 

Seale, "when there was this ~CncCking 

at the doax . I got up to see 

what: , was happeriing~ The hose was 

suxrounded by pigs with shotguns . I 

°~~ : opened the door and they artaYted to 

come in, 

Meanwhile, four Panther: who ,h,~d 

left-the Seale home eax~aer, w+~re 

surroutrded by .,there squad cars with 

shotgun-totirr~ cops . They wexe ordexed 

from the car ar~d spread ea91e 

against it, The police, according 

to ot~e of . .the ; Patithex's irwolved, 

decided to 3oin~ the others at the 

~, Seals home arid . ' "deputised" a white 

standing by to guard the four with 

a shotgun, 

Seals charged Tuesday afternoon, . 

Feb 2~, that 'there white men 

assisting the cops h ed been 3denti- 

Pied by Panthexs as members of trie 

Minutemen oxganisat on, 

The six were book~d .on ghaiges of 

conspiracy to comet-3, murder, caxrying 

a concealed weapon, possessing 

a gun with an altered :serial 'number 

acrd-a_ ..sawed-gaff shotgun, and carxyinp 

a . loaded`-~wea~on in the city 

limit

~r "-~* 7 v 

THE ~3L,ACK MARKETER - Continued l`~t~ 

. . 

" ; 

i 

. ° ~~ :; r. u~c) :; 1 :~fY~: 

When the six appeaxed :bQfore the 

Berkeley-Albany Muncipal; , Court 

Judge-Floyd C, Talbotta`Feb .e27 they 

found the conspiracy charge had 

been dropped pending further loves" 

tigation . 

,A preliminary hearing has been 

set up for Maxch 5 at 2 pan. `cm 

the gun vi~l.a:t,~;on charges -~~ t.q which - 

\(:t,~1~,YElAR,( ,52 : is;us~r,~1~ 

w t; .i. ;~. ;, . 

all have plea~~l; .!!not qui~ty, .rr a,~.orwyy.~~-----wiw~dYww'~ww-~.w 

After his f~~~ 27 court-vappeazT ; ~~, ~ - ~ ~ ~ . 

once -- where :.~~ ,-supporters tts~rn~ r rt : ~ .~," 

out along ia~-;t .ht.s~, heime~ted Alameda f : ~. ..: 

SWAHILI LB~ T 

~cunty deputg : : -.sheriffs. rvarxned. kith ~t c.; .nyvmbani 

Mace -- Seale told' . a . ~~,ammed ; . and .% , ;° , . . 

. ;~> 

turbulent .p?~~s$ ~copfe; ~ce . s,,~hat , ; ndog~o .: 

since the ._ .,~rests~,,;j ~;rrt~Y~rr°~: ~e has :,- c ,~. 

been threatened by the r$cists..in; .; ;umelala~e? - 

the community . We 'know who they 

are, .n ,r ;s~ : . ors ; ., . 

M~fNA11A~ARD S1~A1CS 11t1MSPAPE~ty 

EAfy='~h tY . ; . :r'.! . ~ . ._. . :. .._. _~..__ . . . ..._ . . ._ . ... . .- .,.' . CHICl100!. ~t.'b0619 

Chock how you wi~firho " rpcaive ; , i'U MAll .SUbSCRMTlCM+! 

Muhammad Speaksi~v+spuper .~ -: Q HQh1t'OEtl1+ERY 

. . . . . .IILACIC POWBR : PAGE S 

Sail fort ~ . . the -wi"six ro~aevset at 

$11"y000 fdrv"the Se+~l~s ;~ and .$6,000 

for the others »" »~~btiit'~it was~~later 

reduced by Judge' Tglbott tv $3,000 . 

for Seale arid' ~$1 000'~for the others . 

including Artie Seafe, Audry "Hudson, ; 

- 

Alprentice Car'tear, Arthur ~ Ca trale, 

and David H llfard~ g longshoY!esian . 

Dale . . . . . . . . 

, ;; Enter 'my ~ subscription fo `M11h}AtMMAD '' 

SPEAKS: E~i:lased is my moh~y gldar .

THE BLACK MARKETER 

THE ORANGEBURG MASSACRE "" 

. (Rditor's notes Here is the most 

obiect ~.ve~A ~ account we can find of 

wha~ :took place during the height " 

of the brutal killings of 3 black 

students and the wounding of 54 others 

in Orangeburg, South Carolina) 

_ 

; 

~ . 

'a), 

(Orange~bui~~, ,~~,,~reb . iteporter, 

Milce~ ;~~l~ap~s~~5fr.',-;~~e'Ea]ai:mQa~e ..Q"frt~= 

Amer,~gan~ fowe~li+ea~;d .2%'c~~utyy~~ezif~E~ 

named rF~», grit ;~~~Col]~~t~s s~''~ !~~.f y tliey ' 

. 

get. . .

T1ie sham elections held recently ~tiurn i~a_`l~a~~= P~i~q~a eyrp~end3~ 

at Merritt College . in Oakland (Cal-~ t~re~s ` "Tltie :~c~ee~S.~ on o~~~he'El~c~ 

ifornia) 3.n which the bo~~key admin- tioti Cbm~3atee `wait= ' u~Sh~~~ + . 

~ 

. 

. 

. 

'the:'hY 

'J1tdi'c a~l ' ~Couil l`~, : which" m'ove+d to 

shat .t`hh,r,1, :! ~ t~~ ~ ~t s ~ ; ` with. the - ~ec~ ,r ;. 

ciird °h~i+gl~at~ - .~~+Wnb+~x of ~'1`'ibt~s in the ;~~~. . . 

gleo~i~rt~ .'' F~ol~:ow~i~ t3~is' actio~t°'by 

the''":~'udicifl Coun'cil,~ f3~+~° faculty 

3~~rate' , vo~+~d f9~1~ ''=t~o let students 

, ~,r 

. 

handle : th+s` at~~ar~rs~ 'of -the all-Black 

s~Cudent government, but the racist 

administxatian led by Reford decided 

to move ova-tie student governwent 

by declari,~a~ that the officers 

from the honkey~-c.,ontrooled- pang; ~; 

would be . ~p~~aiced in office until the 

'.,,.d3`$pute" was ~e'~tled~~' `But there 

was no sue~l~~ "dispute", for the dec 

i.on- - . to ~placq. Sis'tex Harriet 

Smith and her p~Yty . , 

. , . 

. , 

. 

"in office was 

made by the~Judicial Council, which 

under student government c-e~T^, 

has the last say in th+~"' 

matter . Secondly, besides fn+~xvening 

illegally in Black Student 

government, Redfosd seated the disqualified 

candidates on the Merritt 

Council, contrary to all civilized 

nations of justice . 

The M.C . y , prir~~xily an adminis-, . 

trative body . c~ltposed of facul" y, . .,':;, 

administ~cation .~tèmbers, and stu tbody, 

off~.cei~s, then melt, illegally ~. 

to "decide the outcome of--tl ti exec' 

tion, ~ th the Merritt Audi°t,oaxî~e ;:. ..filled 

with angay B~.ack ~lrudcnts,, . 

Mwa~iaCilai ~rn3e Ahlen, *C~a~.rma~n b 

THE HC)L1~°E- lOf; UMOJA (IJ1V"TZ`f j , . . . .°° ~ . ~ 

Black g~tt~dents in a walkout of the 

illegal meeting, charging R~edi'ord 

"out of ' oa~¢er ." Black Students 

gin st congrega'~¢ àut~side ,the auditorium, 

and' tla~en-bustfd b;aCk into-~ 

the ~~th`td'f3um ., . 

; . .~,tuxnaing. ,,. Pt~t"~, -the . 

meeting . Re~~ord`, ,~p ~sik ~,~,`,-th~2-..face, 

ran off the stage with ~''tfie .rest of 

his ._Merri.tt Zoo K~p~e~~ ~.n~ ; fî13ng 

persuit, and 81-a .,p~ple-.fin held 

their own meeting where the entire 

election farce was run down, 

The next day, tt~4 Merritt Co~A~^`',''. 

held another meeting, this time in 

private, and moved to intervene in 

student affairs by placing the dis- 

istration intex+~aened in 'the placing 

of Black peppig iri the studeng gove~-nment 

have - now : : ended Sin a com- 

'ple~te de~ba~le : Honkey;~ aye pies" 

era~.~~. ;~ ..-,chargi.'ng that :- 'w~3~ ack mili 

tar;fi:s" hdve th ceateried-, them with 

"ass~a.ssination'' ~un~~~ss they give up 

t'-a~;ir positions ` in the . tudeng government, 

a~hd 'they attempt to sup 

por t their position , bpi stating `:~~~:a' . 

se~JCnty let.te~ g ncl "~hyeical 

assassination" wee sent to all 

,:~-embers of -the governing body, 

from offices to members of the 

~-t~adent Council . 

In fact, sister Harriet Smith, av 

Mack militant and the rightful 

pxe :~ident of ASMC, life was t3~rreaten~:~: 

and brothers from as far as 

L . A, have been guarding her,.house~ 

t . ~~i person since the election faYaa 

It ; is°~- our . opinion that these 

charges were brought foar~h_ . .to hide 

~~hese facts . 

The elections held at Merrit Colc?c!F 

was held on January ~~~~a . . 

2~z :~ .~~-nc~ in the e?ection~-~eas F '. ~~;~x ~ . 

Ha~:~xet Smith along, ~ ;w°i~t~h other-; 

Ef .~ck people from hey . ~arty,~, A ; 

Yw3~~ :i ~e--controaled group ~ c:~x~a:~n" :.-+r 

of ;nnakeys and a sprinkling°~' of 

"well-meaning" l~egroes aXsa ;` ran: : in 

the elections ., , 

A.ccording . , ", . to the admi,ni~stra'tion, - 

the honkey-controlled group won the ; 

~~~c~tion, but . the fact- is . ' .~ ~~~efn- . 

1, :~-s of the Election Committee, were 

n~ ;t - . allot~ed . to count .. the ballot . 

Who did, then, count 'tlie ballot.? . ;, . 

~t was the honkey administration 

~. . : . ,e~.f which .- c e t~~.bal],cts, 

and Black students ;who were to'have 

done this . job : . :wire . ys:tetnati:Galiy 

e:x.^lulled . from, the . rosm. ._where the 

taK~k was being carried out : ~~ -~ Sb 

qu~,et ~, as it's kept, nobody really 

knows who won . Meanwhile, however, 

t~ha !~ankey group was disqualified 

by ~rae Election Committee fox campaign 

irregularities, the most important 

of which was its refusal to

THE J~.:ACK MARY~B~FR, - Continued 

. . . . . . . .Merritt Elections 

qualified candidates ,in ,office . 

qualified - ~anda.datee: in office . 

Since that time, Sister Harriet 

Smith, soon, under the:, -pain of 

threats . to . her 13fe~ ,bat'.w3;th tl~e 

cap~en support of 5~oke~ey Carmicb,aiel, , 

THE HOUSE ,OF ~UMf3J~ : ,'('UNITY ) :.i atad ~ the, 

~31ack Panthexs.,, has been . coxssol-i» 

dating and mobilizing BlackY .Brawn-, 

and Yellow -~ students to tat~e . real ~. 

B1aci~ Power at `Merritt ~ College, 

L~AGK 1~OW~t PADS b 

I can da.g ~~ACK POWER : Please send me :, 

. ~ 1` year''s subscription . 03 .00) 

L"'~ b months subsaription,(~1 :75) 

I live o~ztside the San Francisco Bay Area : 

,fitl ; yearss subscription (~4:25) 

(~ b inoriths subscription ( $2 .25) 

NAME . 

PHO 

Make all checks t0'the Black Panther Party 

of Northern Caxiforrita . 

: :s~

TICS BLACK MARK&T8R - Contix~ue~ . . ., .BLACK FLT: . P;ACrB °7 

fungi I~eded 

. SNCC warlcers in Orangeburg hzdv~: the manpower to launch a strong 

political pra~ra~n

~. . . 

GLOBAL VIBWS ` ~I3L,ACK PdW~ .'~'" 

of t 

clasaif, 

groups : 

off the'°v 

People iph 

lix±e A ri 

the' 

~:.r:a : 

1'he Black Man Fights ixz 

Y~ETNAM 

for the White .Man's~fghtaa:; 

LYNCH HIMI 

:,,, 

'.8 

THE WH~TTE~ MAN' S SNF.NIY 

.~.Inter~riew with Brother Nguyen 

::w" 

. 

-8~~ .;~,eft :~:Vietnnar -.i.n x~b~'' to . st'~dy 

vD. _.p~3S ~, `FXail~e~ '`Hfr~. J ~Opo ~7:Qtb+e1' 8 , 

arr~ also iri` Paris . His mother is 

stiff.~~i,n' Saigon. Nguyen's "fath~!~tw 

was wmauled . in 2948 while fighting 

the , Ak~nch impexialists who peace" . . 

ded the~~Americsns in Southeast Asia . 

"The pre~aence of Americans in Vf- . 

etnam," said Nguyen, "is not justi" 

Pied by the Geneva accords (which 

temporarily divided Vietnam into 

two hectors ---North b South--"until 

electi~pns) nor by the will of the 

Vietnanlgse people . `'.' . The ~' .Amo~cfcans 

are t2~oxe because of the Saigon 

group who :wants' PO~t eac3 Dt1i,L:AR3 .," 

Ngu~ren , ~Cescic~ibed- the present gov- 

e~umen~ :',fin Saigon as . ..~erely . puppets . 

`' United States. He 

his peopl8 into three" 

(1) ~ the:- , pepple who pro~- 

want peace and who reaa 

is the cause of wax; 

le wha live as the o- 

t~ers a1~t wci'~k fox the National 

)aberatibn Facoi , ,, "You can see 

`the presence of~the . thixd gzoup in 

~'he villagos st~d+exed by the Ame- 

~ica s as frier:dly, Some nights 

he army comes snd easily occu.. 

pies the village with the help of 

most ; of the population . The NLF 

-,s ;. . . ... . . . 

F,~tIEND , :-.~_ . .~ 

__ of Saigon, Viet~aamj~~.~_ .` 

Eiy MasgiPWC ~ A .H,* , ,1387 . : , 

bombarded : Da ;l~a~g with artill~rry~~ 

installed less than ~. kilometer 

Pram the base . It ,~,s i~ipossible fi~'~ 

stage` ~ an attack ` this ~~ close ~rw;:h.ou~~. 

the help .,+~~f the papu] ation .. 

"The Na~iai~a]:' L:ibe~r~r~fi~'.Front is 

not simply ~ guerril.fa ~inovement" 

Nguyett painted aut .. ., When . one studies 

the otganizactisrn of . the Ari:..F 

administration 3n liberated areas, . 

you will see it has the s~tructu~e 

of a democratic state a" 

He painted out how the NLr has - . 

raised the national consc:icrxsness 

of the various minorities who previously 

didn'±~ consider themselves 

a pant of Vietnam . "The effoxts of 

the NLF, : to give instructiz~n to the 

minorities in the mountains and 

bring them the technique of modern 

agriculture is an examp~,~e of the 

NLF's ;. concern `for a~a "ch~:> peop~:e~r .~ 

The Saigon .gogexnment did nothing 

for the .minoxities . The Ni.,F don't 

segregate between the minorities 

and other Vietnamese . As a xesult, -the 

minorities have consciousness 

they axe fightimg for the whole o~f 

Vietnams Before, the mino~rit es 'had 

no conscious that their country was 

Vietnam. Foac them also, indePe:xdence 

from U. S, imperialism is a 

concern, ~ NoHr- -~ 4hey see that they

GLOBAL VIEWS - Continued 

JvIl~ ! ! 

t 

'. . . . . . .interview 

advertisement 

axe a real paxt of Vietnam, 

claimed, "Catholie~s, . Buddhists ;: .; 

Lao dai, Hoa Hoa -wow-these-are`wthe 

major religious groups)--everyo:re 

has conscious : the most important 

for them is to unite against U S- . 

aggressmon ." 

Nguyen clarified the misunderstanding 

concerning he Catholic ; 

"one thing is, who ;are the Catho :. . 

lies??? In 1964, at the time of 

the Geneva accords, Catholic priests 

in North Vietnam told the Catholics 

the democratic government was 

anti,rCatholic : The priests eorav'ineed . 

The Catholics to go to South'Vietuam 

these are ther refuggees . The 

Diem regime convinced Catholics 

they had to form an anti-communist 

government to protect themselves . w 

He told them that an American supported 

regime was the only kind . 

cl 

BLACK POWER : page 9 

~IATi(?NA~ aL~GK ANTI-WAR AI~T1- ..~_I~~~' a~,~ld~N , 

100 ~~h Avenua ~ Sui -t e 803 New ~~York, ri .Y :, 1001,1 

Phone (212) YUw91313, e~ct,~ `23 . . 

..wwwwww w ..wwwww- www ..w- . . ..w-ww ...w .~.~wr.,-ww w ,~ .~rw , wwwwww--w'f'~ ww .~real ..w . ~w.wi .o 

I 

that wou].d : a ~.aw ;. ~hem to P~aci,~+s~, 

theix ;r.el~gian,, .D~eni ; told them ~, .f 

A~ne~ica~s, ~e :~t, V~,etna~n ~hexe . 

wouhd.be nci'alternative to commuw 

nism,~The Catholics beYieve they 

had to fight to death for the Americans 

or be killed by the comes 

mtani.sts~, But this is city the Catholics,from 

North Vietnam, Many 

Catholics from South Vietnam sup" 

port the National :Liberation 

Front, 

"It is im~ortant ;for people in 

the West to understand the National 

Liberation Front is opposed 

to this and not all Catholics . 

There is a Catholic-group in the 

National Liberation Front . 

Brother Nguyen added, "The' 

Buddhimt~a aspirations are the as 

the NC,F . The 3uddhists and others 

actively support the NLF in occupied 

zones . They enabled the NLF to

+::~~LOE3AL VIEWS - +~ : ~tix1 "xed . .` .,. . . , .,BhACK POWER I PAGE Yp 

.~ . p : b . Interview 

bombard Da Naf~g an~~ . t-he Presiden-~ ""~ 

tial Palace . The Buddhists in American-occupied 

areas cannot openly 

demonstrate against the U,S,, but 

they woxk hand i~a hand with the NLF 

-----they complement each other ." 

As we know, the classic imperialist 

trick is to divide and conquer . 

"Throughout history," said Nguyen, 

"Vietnam has been one nation, But 

he added, . . , . . ,"Reunification of the' 

North and South . is-not an immediate 

'objective of the T~Fational Libera=~ 

t ~.on Frtpr,~t . . The immediate obj ective 

is to get the United States of 

,Amexica out of Vi.etl~am, ' ~ After they ~. 

get the U,S, out, they will be able :: 

to_,~~r~i .Ey r . -" ~ ." Unity . ..ia necessary for 

V ~';..'~~~x~~~_ . .,The---~conocuic resources 

of the North and- .Sxnxti~z~ -comp-1"+emerrt - .- 

Each other, The North has minerals 

and the South has farming," 

In conclusion, Srather Nguyen 

said, "It is inadmissa?cxle that 

c~~hite Americans should be racist in 

these times . The American system 

ltas been built to contain black 

peopleo F31ack People cannot be 

uc?ccessful if they remain in the 

bonds set by the white power structure 

. I can't understand how Black 

people can gain their freedom 

th ; : ~ L+.:~"~. :ze nose-viol,enee . of Marts 

Luther King . . , It . a~ ;~.-,necessary that 

,all oppxessed peoples support each , 

other' arld,form an anti-imperialist 

b~c+~ck atld fight U S, ,,aggression ana 

taa~: r. lackQys, . . . : . . :~" , 

~~~~~c~s~ crow ~ : ~~ ; SS~~S a~.otr 

c.rer; rtn rarr. 

2~9 ~;ast, 46th Street, New York, N . X., 10(127 

Pleas+: enrnt2 me a,5 a sabscriber 1'nr: 

Qi~.lvguc~~ 

A BLACK .1417~t3AxI1VE for Bf .ACK 'PFC11'f .E 

Black Art 

Articles 

feevtews 

$z~.cx nz va~ 

b42 Lacuna SC . 

San Fre~.ne~i.cao, Cali f 

E39a~k Diaio~u~ 

*DemrKKKraCy" : The main subject taugJxt in Aaw-ican o++d 

$otrth African schools (from B hernia)

a~1 

l~~ac3a~s

De Gaulle countered by cashing in 

France's . . do~.lars for gold . And he 

added insult to injury, Instead of 

having this go~.cl put in a special 

bin ' marked "fxar~ce" in the sub- 

basement of :the `Federal Reserve 

Bank in ' New Yoxk, as other more 

trusting countries of the !'lr~ee 

world" do, he had it shipped or 

flown to Paris for temporaxy intexment 

in the vaults of the Bank of 

France . Also, he be,~an , to speak 

irreverently abat~t 1~k~,e "gold ex- 

change standard" udder which the . 

dollar ' enjoyed the xole o~ xcse~'r~e 

cuxrency, and ~o exalt the ~trai~i~ 

tional; c,~old s~andaxd, what all 

"xight-thinking people" r~owad~ays 

xeject as antediluviati~ ~t is 

widely acknowledg+~d that ?~~ 

Gaglle's recent commen'~a en ~tHe 

weakness of the dollar were ai sigi 

nificant factor in the ~igr~~ 'of the 

run on the dol~; t$at ~niiewed 

haxd E~ti one' . Hr~eis ¬9¬ ~be t val~am 

t~.on of the Ehg1i~$ ~~tinf~ . 

Bu ~ ~ Gaaiie+~ at~ac~ea bri t~l~+ 

dollar are by na ~ieatia bis dn~;~i 

sins -~--- in the eyes of U S . capi 

,talism . In 196, h~'had the colossal 

nexve to taut Latin America and 

urge tie Latin American"nat ~ris to 

seek independence from tlie~'`power to 

the noxth . what de Gau11e meant, 

~.~~x nowsR : ~~s 1a 

. . ,~; . 

:- .,WHAT IS DE GAULLE AFTER? 

of caa~se,~,, ,wad that Latin t rica . , 

naticttas ~htaui~ ' rely ire ; ~ Fxancr~ 

His `~P©l~,c~r,. ; ' began to : pay c~~f this 

year, ; . . when ; Peru o~;dered at~~it a do~- 

2en Mirage V fie~hter~-bombers and 

Argentina bought SrQ AMX-hanks . 

Even :-..~mc~re '"ominous," . 'said ~on 

gresaman 5elden of ~l abama $n a 

House speech attacking,"de Gaulle's 

d'angera .us for~i~n pali~ , "Dec . 7, 

" .~~'le 1~fenCL1 govsxnment. .~7t'~~ not Only 

takeh ~o, steps to out tiff exports aE 

ma~bi~e~~, txucks, aid . sugar-px+o~ .. . : 

ee~sitrq~ ~l~chir~ery tc~,~~astxo~ GtitDa, 

it baa ~~so p~"av~de~ gexv~ex~o-ent 

ba ltin+~ r credits to finapce 

the~i~ '13 S~;f~3 . 

~e~ .cl~drn Wkly sugg~s~s that Franca, 

"lodits ~~o'~ unfavorabl,y on the mis- ; 

chief" ~ .~"~stxo's , guerrillas cause .' 

He 3a 'eimost equ~~ly angered by de- 

Gaul~.'e+a' . fult~ihutions "against sq 

caller! ~ ~~ .. ~, q~~~ression a~ia ta~st 

f~ir~~rt~i . . :'Vict Nab, '~ +~nt~ hi a~ eail' 

~px 

tt~e ~eu~~~3~a~i+~t~ . ' o~ ~~u~~teast ~~ . 

s3~i~++ 

Tie %+leati~y o~ ~~e beneficiaxi~es 

f 6~ui~e+ s , "dangerous foreign 

poi~~y" is ~pexhaps 'revealed most . 

C~,eai~i~r'° in F`xa~ice's latest Middle 

switch from aid ro .lsxael ~to 

a~c~ent wooing off ; ,,the ~Arebs, The 

first, big payoff, reported in the 

New York Times, Dec 8, was the

~~iall~~~ a Cd~n~~ .°"° t:~~cd 

sa~.~: caf ~.;,.~ sea~ ~orza.~ R^::rage V' a, plus 

t~;~,r ;~Is~~r°~; ~~~ ~xr~es id armored cars 

to Iraq ~ ;~ ~ ~ zz agreement under 

w"r.~ic :~ ~3 Fxnrac.~~ ~overrsiment con 

t~ o3lec3 ~i?. ccrrpr~ny is to have the 

e~;~~.t ~.w~: :rig~a '~o , seek and produce 

,oa3 ~h ~; ,0~'=^ :a :.~~xaxe miles in Iraq] .: 

arsd :~,i~3a srY,`"~~~~, m~.1es off chore. 

~.n a~9'd tia " ~~}' ;?~a~,d the T3~-mesr , . ;, ;,a. ' 

,~~a~ ,~ ~~~' ra~~z o~~.' Y4~~panY, the loin- 

. ,P~~z?ie- " 'Z~ .~~~~~~isc d~s Petioles, 

.wh~r~:h "~-s : "al .'e ' ~~svf~rrir~~nt ~centrolled 

f~;va'~'ab~.y ~'! acted . : to wan the 

.~.arx~~~~~: oix ~ ~~ :~ ~e that the Ir$qu~.~ 

haue` : to affex ~_~,- tie . right to put 

°~~:~ : . :; :P~~orth Ruin~wl.a field in~Co ~~o- : 

d~.rc~~ :~c~~s., . 't~Y~{~ ,`fie1~ , has lieen Com- 

,., . 

g~7.etc;1`~ " . ~=1~p7Lo~n~ acid is thdught to 

~'T; r".~k ~Lk~, ~, *. ~ :f. ~ ~'.~7.';~I'1 ``d:S3T'~5 Of Oil e 

~[:Lt;i .r ,e~ ''~.j .; ,c,~ ~patch : "The e 

racy :::'~~`t~d;.:~: +~~.~~~`~.az~ce a_s the ma~Or pe? 

~1â7~.~i;:;i L ..~a~af i~~ Ta~aq is regaxddtl 

~ . . ~:1_;:;~ . .~ . :~a o' 9 r ~tvaxd.: foir Press, 

faa ,~ . .C7~ ,~: P,.,.?9.z. . .~.r`° .`'~r '~'," Y .C't',a.~ ..~~ .'.r'.r~S'tiexY'1 P~~+, 

3 ~.;y,~ . 'vvl:~:~::~~ ~, ..~ been av~3ng ng from 

~ :~: :~< .,a~ ~~~a.~ u7 ; .f .~,r .Laxa:eh to ever 

~,a~x- .~,, ~~ -~s_ < :.~~,:~~. .~ i'e~- ;-,'~s Arabs ." 

".`".~o.s_3. , o~~~e:;r ' X39 ~xeward may! ~e 

,,~: ; .~,~$n ~~ .y.fi~ ;,~, ,'T~~e` whole ca~itai~ 

~. 

, 

x ~ ,. v r~ " ~. r~ ~ a ~ ;~ a :,!~~ . ~.ar , hungry, and 

a 

s ` r ~~a . ~ ;:~ :~ < .~ ~ ~~~3 ~ ;. ~? n ~ ,

,;~ntual defeat to ,- ;thQ loss of thesac:ced 

. Medicine Arrows to the Paw 

ness in 1830, These four-arrows . 

~rexe thought to hays great power 

for. the males in the tribe . In the, 

su~~er of 1830, the Cheyei~nes ~ 

painted far war anc~ went out to t;he 

Pawnees . The warrior,Bu1I carried . 

the Arzows tied to this lance . The 

aa~xows wexe though~c to be a protec=, . . 

~:~.on to the ' Cheyennes, in bat tle .`` 

But a Pawnee grabbed the lance ar~d 

pulled it out of Bull's hands. 1he- 

Gi2eyennes wexe never able to recover 

the Axrows . 

This is the story of the heroi-c ? 

men and women on their heroic 

journey to their homeland in 1878 . 

Most heroic of all were those chosen 

as chiefs, the leaders of the ~Cheyennes 

. DuI1 Knife and Little Wolf 

led the desperate attempt to save 

the last remnants of their tribe 

?prom being anniY~ilated . 

After the Custex battle'~t the 

Little Bighorn that June of lE"9'6, 

the allied war paycty scattered in 

all directions, fearful that the 

great White Fathex would seek rev2nge 

on them . There were preparataors 

to be made for the winter, 

and -they wanted to avoid more trov~a' 

l~le . Dull Knife was the : chief bf 

. . . . . .I3LA~K POWER : PAGE ]te; 

' 

the'-band of N xthern Cheyennes, h~.s 

band cpmpri-si g;200 lodges with X00 

~rarriar~ ; D ,: al , Knife . was ' weary 

from f~t~b~t~nq , acrd cat ..,a.. .Qaua~es~ ; ~e 

~nfiqunced tha henceforth no member 

off, ' ';his'' band would pull a trigger 

in . .~attle un].~ess:, fired upon -first . 

As ' lDulT Knife spoke, the s~+p:ttfQx~s 

were silept, .for most of the band 

F _, 

rk~ad; ', deep, re . ntment toward the 

whi ~es ' and were not xeady to make 

- 

peace : 

~-~nr November 

T;~er~zie appraa< 

' at , xhe head* .,o 

the , Ta g Horn ; .. 

w;~s .'' really` . . : 

Hfrse's ba-rid ; } 

when' his scan 

enne camps M 

dieri~ x nc~a~cly . 

and .x~a,,.i~um~er o 

x Du~a KKn fe 

~1~.3gos and f 

'~sa` the only 

him: ` L3ut Last 

Fox _ ~ Soldier S 

critically wh 

waxxiori were 

voyo~h 'them 

a scrip dance 

~f 1876, General Maced 

Du11 Knife's camp 

the Powder River in 

untains . MacKenzie 

looking for Crazy 

ut altered his plans 

is spoted the CheycKenzie 

;had 800 sola~~,f 

of . them Indaan~ .~ . 

those, Cheyenne . 

anted to stxike the 

ee . Black Hairy Dog 

one who agreed with 

Burl, chief of the 

ciety, inquired sarther 

the Cheyenne 

en or old women ; rows 

o fight . That night 

as held until it was 

early mornings The decision was 

made to stand 'nd fight . 

At ' dawn MacK nzie charged. Indian 

scows suxxoun ed the Cheyenne camp 

to~prevent any escapes . The attack 

was perfectly 1~imed -- the Cheyenne 

warri ors wexe ~ s^till a~sl p and 

n~lce~ : . Taut P acKen2ie's Pawness 

swept through 1 he Cheyenne camp and 

thefx, ,horses gc It stuck in the river 

mud ,just long enough for the,twomen°~ 

anc~ .children tc run to safety . 

The warriors took up their guns, 

what few of thf m they had, and took 

a ~aosit on an a protective gully . 

A, L3e~utenant M< ~~K~inney was sent forware 

to ctislodc ~F' them . 

was . high3 y uns~ ~Ceessful 

In this, he 

and unfortu- 

mate . ~3ut whe~ the Cheyennes came 

out to count icoup,. they exposed 

themsel+l~es ' to a counter attack . 

Oapta,in ~amilto led this charge, 

ar~cl th ~tty ' wa riors were killed .

z : . . ., 

The Cheyennes + retreated and for the 

next several' hours, long range 

sniping went on betiu~en them and 

MacKenzie's men .-`' The Cheyenneti" 

speaking IIill Rowland called to the 

Cheyennes for thei saarrender , The 

Cheyennes were def~ernt ; except for 

Dulh'"Knife who 

`_~,ay mouxning the 

loss"=of his thre~,r'spns in the battle 

. Ne was ready` to make 

peace,~and stepped~~up to thank the 

soldiex~chief fox spring the women 

and children, but Little Wolf bzoke 

xn to denounce MacKenzie's scouts 

for fighting against their own 

people . 

~ . 

'~ TO F3E CONTINUED IN NEXT ISSUEo 

~Loniq ~, eve ' oux ancestor s' : 

:s. ~~rz , .i~ :~ 

t'Fv .' .. , ''1v' : 

:'.l t.? ,:IT r 

. . , , . 

,~?,c .v;,e~~

I would like to open my case by 

saying that there is no such thing 

as a universally codified system of 

marriage . This perhaps is because 

maxria~ge, in one form or another, 

has been in existence well before 

the law, ox one might even say, 

well before religions . 

- In these days many people tend to 

look at marriage as an Yristitution 

brought about by laws or by reli" 

gions . In effect, marriage is n~ 

more than asocial institution, 

contract between a man and a woman, 

witnessed by the members of the 

Community ' in which they live, -that 

they intend to live together and 

produce children whom the community 

should recognise and accept . Thus 

syatems of marriage can, and in, 

fact da, vary from one society to 

another . 

In some small communities the 

practice is due to economic rea» 

sons . If the wife helps the hus" 

band on hi . farm, then it is obviaus 

that ';'v .e more wives he has the 

richer he is . More wives also mean 

more power. for the man . 

As soon as the word polygamy is 

mentioned, people think of the Moslems 

. In~ fact, once you say to 

them tbat youz xe3:igio~ is Islam, 

you can gura what the next questtan 

will be : "How many wives do you 

have?" Indeed'Moslems are'"~pexmitt~eid:- ~~ 

to marry more than one wife . . . . .but 

the maximum number is restr ctd 

,BLACK POWER : PAGE 26 . 

you can guess what the next questia~ 

will be : "How many wives do you 

own?" Indeed, Moslems are perm .tbed 

to marry more than one wife, ., .,but 

the maximum number is restricted to 

four ; and the~'e is a strong string 

attached . According to Islam a 

person may marry one, two, three ar 

up to four wives provided he can 

do equal justice to all of them, 

Like everything else in Islam, 

there is a reason for polygamy, In 

the days of "jihad" or .reidgi~i~s~ 

wars ,many husbands got killed on 

the battle grounds and consequently 

wives, some children were left 

without somean~ to care far them, 

Thus the Society became unbalanced, 

just as it was in the case of many 

European countries immediately af" 

ter the war, The only alternative 

fox these widows who, of course, 

had no private home, was to marry 

men already wed . Thus, and with 

justification, Islam allows polyga-~ 

my in order to maintain a goad balance 

in the society . 

I remember a lady once putting 

her case against polygamy thus : 

"When God created Adam He gave him 

only one wife - Eve," The answer I 

gave her was that if Adam had asked 

for more, God might have given him 

more, but the fact that he did not 

ask, does no~C mean that polygamy is

SOU}.: . SISTA' = Continued 

more, `but the fact that he did not 

a::k, daces not mean what polygamy is 

cont :~ ary to nat

RHYTHM & BLOODS 

_-n,LUOd., BLACK PAN'THER'S- On the mOVe From "The People's Ya~sth" (C~ulr3looc7., 

BLACK PANTHER' S on the move 

~'aràl 

Gonna ;nut BLACK PEOPLE in the groove 

Blood, BLACK PANTHER'S on the move 

~'ou won't find him in the parks 

Cause the PANTHER 1.easres no marks 

You wan t see him in b :^c~oc~ daylight 

Cause the PANTHER strises at night 

Blood, BLACK PANTHER'S, on, .the move 

Blood, .BLACK PANTHER'S on trb~. move 

Aye you ready to gent y~' se~.~' ;~ in the groove . ? , 

Blood, BLACK PANTHER'S on the move 

BLACK PANTHER' S don' t ., -tah.e no shit 

Cause he's had too mach of it 

He belongs to the BLACK NATION 

He's goin for HLACK LIBERATION 

Blood, etc . . . . 

. . ~A JOURNAL O'~ r~o 

LIBERATION .. .; . 

p,o . box 123 

Herkelep, Calif . 94~oa 

"Black Panthers_.-on.,the Move" 

,. - . , .,r ,...~ .~, +. . ........ . . 

To be sung to the lyrics of "Wetye 

got a thing that's . in . the groove" , 

L. . Joh.rrsor. ;- 

:` .hlm !`~mericans c'c>ma 

! :, 

- _ . . . . . tc; Vie:~tnam . ., tci slay

a 

It._ ,w~, ._ ~umm~~x~ : ,~oin ~`lbvvn, ~just this $icy of the estuary. 7`he ~olo~cet~ , 

people lead . tieen g~u~np] ng for a long' time, abo¬~t how poor they wefe, how they 

lived in runw~doutn '`conditin~s,- . . . ..and how they , v~ere unable to get any k3;rid of 

defiant . jab . but nobody ~eally~' listened ~m ~t~e~n . Ei~exybody .- '~21se was busy 

swimming or golf.ih~ a~' ,'j~,!st lyi°n~~ mound sdarka.ng up the sun . ' ' 

But one swe~,.te:~~*a~g~~day , in Au st . (,just ` the , k~,nd of day aFox a ~i~ ~ a 

`bla.x~t'~x.ng wl~a.te flash appesxed ;~~on the hnxixon. oaf Colnr~d Town, and a~1 the 

colored people . rain ~ out. Q~ t~%ea.r houses to see What it wets ,{every~boc~y else 

was oo~ busy vanatz~or~ing tca~ c~a~'e'~'~' . . .Down ,~~~ ,the ~.h'~.~,~'s-k . ..~ 4a'? ,, ,-~, ..~, ~,,~, 

previous7_y-, ca.'lla~t,~d y ., ~thcy~ , g~!ve it to ~Saul . Arid then , Sau1 14aded. ~M:e . ' 

~ 

~~?e 

in huge ` ' ~roriey bags which. ~h:e ` ` put over .his sh+o ders and them he" mcau

~nrx~r~. 

Le', me as.k you,, do ypu set''any sort 

of plash between yQuk pasi'ciori as an 

a~.visvt;, : .,.,wha:ch is ` i;o .:some extent, ;;a 

co~:~emplative position, ` and. your Punc,- . ., 

tio~:, s'ay, ~,s a pc~lit~ cal acti~is r:~?; 

.~ . 

' ,3~:ow° again,, T think that ,the definit 

on of ~"artist," has to be redefined . 

in terms .of the 'needs of back people . 

We &must make - n~eta definitions : . As you 

say, eonteznplatztre I don't agree 

w '~h that . . ~,o~plete7_y because we hau~e , . 

~o ' : be contemplative becaus . e~, that`' 'is `,~~ 

`that makes the: totality - ' o~,our vision ;; 

1?ut also we ':':have .to be activist be- 

'"~~`cause of .the needs of our people . And 

unless our art is absolu~t~ly in ~~urie, 

yot`z see, with the needs o_~' our people, . 

then we ; ar.~ ., ,, . creating i'or Euz~opeans',, ` 

aid n~~ for qur own._ peopleur? Mao Tse-_ 

tui~;~ is an~ artis.t . fatrice Lumumba 

was an artist, .,and I o Ch Mir~Yi, : :and 

as far back 'as .~ . Antar, the Ar~~ ;° . . . .L .i: 

has to `-be ' ~. , totality . I t7~~ ~k w'e 

has~e-~ 'to ,~r~ncer~ ' ourselves with being 

men: ~ ` ` And, x,11 the other things mus t 

pay tixeir part, in reaching `the Iotal 

ty of our manhood, I chink . 

.~~ ataLoQ .~.oxtRr~, . 

X3Q$ 1FSAStJil~l~". ,b.i~~,. i;~ 

~~e}~I i"~tAIYCL~Cf~, ~A.94t~7 

e e e . e e e e BLACK POWER i PGy,,~ 

Fargiag 5lmvlcic~ .s Fnia ~+murils

BLACK POWER : PAGE 21 

INTRODUC IN(a TH~~~b?US~ ,~F*~ . .(.IINITY ) 

Beginning with this issue of Black Power ; , becom es the offical organ 

of THE .HOUSE OF UMOJA (UNITY) reflecting the merger of the Black Pan» 

then Party of Northern California and THE HOUSE OF UMOJA (UNITY) loca» 

ted in southern California . 

The primary purpose of THE HOUSE OF UMOJA (UNITY) as its traditional 

name implies, is designed to bu:!ld a nation of Black people whose love 

and unity is so strong and tight that no poison will be able to con- 

taminate the Black rhythm for unity and liberation . 

We believe, Brothers and Sisters, that we must come together because 

our ancestors demand that we raise their pure Black Souls on to the 

vestibule of the good Black dirt and above the white stench of sunken 

slave ships, haunted plantations and corrupt, dirty cities . We must 

create a Love Supreme, a whirlwind which a UNITED Black man will rele- 

gate to .the ashes of oblivion the evil vibrations of western white 

decadence which will not let our ancestors partake in the music and 

,,joys of eternal happiness . In a word, this 3s what THE HOUSE OF UMOJA 

tUNITY) stands for . 

Co~Chairman Mwananchi Ernie Mkalirnoto 

Ndugu Zangu Wamekufua Waishi!! (Allen) 

(long live our ancestors ;') Northern California 

Co-.Chairman Mwananchi Robert Uwezo 

Southern California

~f A CNILO NA RC U3 dARV'EY dRLW , 

YP WITN "LACK AND WNITE CHILDREN AS NIS 

PLAY'l1ATEE . THE 

LESSONS TAUOHT nNIN A " OUT 

REALITY " Y~I~ATNER 

AND yHE 0"SERVANGE' 

OF HI! NOTNER~S 

CNARitY AND THE 

N "iAARDLY RESPON SE 

ANO REf1~ECT . . RE,W~lRDEO 

NER roi~ :. ~NtsE ~ 1rw~NANr= 

TARTAN SERV"CRS 4AVE 

MARCUS OARVEY THE " ROAD 

KNOWLEDGE ~''d~" TIIE?I~TELG " 

ANO EMOTIONAL TENPERMENT 

'PEOPLE IrNOM HE STU01 E0 . 

WHOM GARVEY NAp "EFRIENDEO 

IN HONESTY TOLD NIM THAT SNE 

WAS IN"TRUCtED "Y 

NER PARENTS TO 

OET IN TOUCH 

WITH GARVEY. 

!NE WAS 

"EINei SEN 

TO GREAT. . 

BRITAIN AN 

MAR ~~~ ~AFt+VY3Y a SLACK FATNSR CIIF BLAG'K 1~"C1WSR ,(~w ) . 

G E;+Ih6E, ~+ . 

OF HIS 

MA RC US 'dARVEY~S 

EDUCATION CANE 

FROM MANY SOURCE! : 

PRIVATE TUTORS, TWO 

PU "LIC SCHOOLS ANO 

TWO COLLEGES . GARVtY~S 

T~~ACNER! WERt MEN AND 

CtS . 

REALITY . AT THE 

AdE 14 HE WAS LEARN- 

ING THAT THER E .WAS SOME 

DIFFERENCE' IN HUMANITY' 

THAT THERE ARE DIFFERENT 

RAGES EACH HJ1VINd ITS OWN 

SEPERAI~E . AND DISTINCT SOCIAL 

LIFE . ~f'NE Wtii1TE',ebY .UPOJI' R6ACRINd NAT;URJTY ENTER60 INTO 

MILITANT SOCIETY WH " LE THE BLACK BOY DRIFTED AMONd GNAOS 

THEN 'CG"N TO REALIZE IF HE WANTED A PLACE iN tNE WORLD, 

FOR IT . 

(to be continued next issue) 

ARNEY PROVED HIMSELF 

SUPERIOR YO ALL OP NIS "~I,AYNATE" , 

" OTH' P:IkY-iMCACLti 'AND pENYA~,LY . TNEY 

LOOKED ~O NIN FOR LtADERSNiP . MARCUS 

dARVEY DtVELOPED A STRONQ FORCE" 

FUL PERaOWALITY k,T AN EARLY A +OE . 

~ .IT CNARACT .E'RL2~Ctj ~11IN .UNTIL Nlf 

~~ . . : w~ot rwtr atspssT twt 

~ItRR11Awr o" wr ARw.~~ 

WOKEN OF VAR1'ED E~tpERtlN" 

WHII:E , ~ STI'11~ IN ORAMI4ER SCNOOI 

~IARVEY "E CA IIE~~+A PRINTER

t3y :rulia 'WtiKi~t H~e~ve , 

(Exam ~,e Mond~, 4fI;C1Il~8 ) 

~.7uf~:a wxigt~t H~~rve, aht~ ~s auz~ 

z~ently living wx~.t~.ny ~ Pam 

xis, France, is the d~;ugh~e~r of ~Chta 

greatest black r~o~~rl,ist ~~ the ~ep .~ 

~Cury, R3,chard War~;ght * Th~~r article 

was translated f~cam 'the Fxamch by 

the Foreign Las'Igw~a,~e Department of 

BLACK POWER : x~ews~paper : ) 

M~,rt in~ Luther I~ n~, is mamotq,, ~ 

is associated ; witk~` a wou~ad: x was ; . ; 

a school girl . ~ fafh+~aac, the ax3. .~ . , 

ter . .Rich~rd wright, s+~~t fag m~ ~e :,~~ 

that l could be ntrodua~d tC> l~X71r' 

a1x~~ady il~.ua~trioua ,pexson, .gmsa~i . ;: . 

thzaugh P`~ ac 3.s . ` He had ~~~ . .b,~se~ , . 

:. {carat ~~iued on next ~pasy~ ) - , . 

?he Slac~C Mer t~"~~~ . ~ ~ ~ . . ~ ~ . ~ . ~ 

SWa~iIi Lesson ., .,~~ . . .-rrrr . . .~t 

D~tym . . . . . . . .r . : . ., . . . . . . . .. : . . : 

Global V~~W~rrrrrr .~r .rrrrrrs~~ 

BLtZ¢'~~.tl~, ,: . $Qe~1~ i . r . ro . ~ . . . i . . : . . ;, : , x~ 

Soul: .S:ista t . : . . : . : , :. . . . : : . . . . : . a,T 

Ra~C~, ,~t~ch®fir ~a'nd Aufus . . . . . . . . 20 

x©~t~s o~ ~ ~A . : . : . : . . . : : : : . ~ . : a 

p8,g~n~ :'1~~3oamer3Cana .rr . . . .rrr . . 

Rditar~ W, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Ma1';Clls Ga,~'Vey r r r . . r . . r . . . . . r . . r . r 

Volume 2, . No . 12 - ,Publ~ahed by 

.~i0U5B . Og UMQ,TA (UN ft`Y ) 

P,O r ].~&7., ~~an. i~ancisea~ 9~41~:~

DR, MAFtTi1V LUTHER K°ING (continued) 

the victim 

~on 

of an attack, my 

father " s request, he showed me that 

wound, hardly closeds "fhe pxine " 

~~ explained,""that we, the Blackaa 

ale paying ,for our ].ibeza~ior~, ,r 

~Iaxtin ~;uther King t s canc~eznnation 

t~:death was announced lahg,before 

A,p~il 4, 1968, and even beforre the 

c~~~th oi~ l+ialcolm X, whc~, waiting a 

few days before his own as~assina-~ 

said : "My vgice is` only a, 

~aice among others : But acir goal 

~a~ alwa~rs°been the 'e~me :~ Certain- 

~yi ~Y mathods are~rad3cally opposee;d 

to those of Dr : King, the apostle 

of non-violence, a' doctrine 

that h~,s the advantage of pa~.nt ng 

up the brutality, of whites towafds_' 

Tacks,, But in the' atmc~sphex'e that 

xeigns present7.~ in America, x aiek 

myse~,f which of these -,TWO extremists 

: the 'violent' Malcolm .X or 

the ',non-violent,' ; .Dr t ~ Kinq wall .l be 

dead first? 

,.Todayy ~Stokely ,Carmichael, Rap 

gxown~' °~u~ ' 

Neraton, at~d the numer 

ous Blacl~"'leadexs Who advocate self 

defense here ,taken up th~2.se p~ap~het 

e . words and applied them to themaselves, 

. - S:?,nce` they grey ready-made 

targets the logic bf,t,h,a system 

cc~nc~emns just as we].3~" . thef as the 

,. ~~.x~nacence (and ignarai~c~,~r o:E :aagM;, :` 

v~:alenCe . The ° dresem of , Martin .Lug 

ther K3rsg~ did not 't3ie, . as" ,7ol~nsan 

said, "with him," but ratter befare~ ` 

him, az~d it was ;just `this ' (the 

death ,,of'iiis drr~a~m) that 1c~hed' the,` 

man . . "Bettiveen~ Augu~ct 1963 ; and April 

1:968 i between a "Mach of ~'ashington" 

"tha'C ogk place and ; a ' 

."Niaxch 

an . Was~fng~,âhR' 'that was ` to take ' 

Qlace f ve ., :ai.~pbztant ~r~azs : 

' wexe 

p a~tod ©ut . : ~ Five- y,eaxs that marked 

the- t~xa~3c ire»erary of a 131ae1s who 

~,n ~h3s de~p~xa' efforts to sksr~,nk 

'the' gad that ~tubbmrnly grows. betwean 

the ghettQS anc~ the white ~ower 

used himself up . The slow check' 

gradual,' often 3mgerceptible, the 

wall of despair . 

Fizst "conxroritat.iani the dQ 

nunciation by Malcolm X and the dis 

nherited of the ghetto, and the 

political and financial mishandling 

of the Washington march .fib 1963 hY' 

. 

Dr . Kir:g aid, ;pthe 

leader . Then M 

after ~hi death b 

leader,s~ denounce 

ally'aut of date" 

violence by ,raisi;n 

the war~~:n Vietnam 

King ab~igsd to~ r 

sistance' of the 

organiza~¢,ioi~ . ' '"I 

, 

ix~~tegrat3onist 

lcolm, followed 

numerous J3lack 

the "historicaracter 

of non-, 

the gttestiotz of 

Martin Luthe 

spond to the in " 

outh of : his ownhave 

gone among 

the young ,who ar des~era~e, rejected,~ 

`-send , ~,angx, 

~ .he admitted . 

"I , toted " them " ,tha ,guns, , Would 'not 

salvr~ their ,px,o}a~.e s,., hec,~,u,se I was 

con~iinced ~ -~Ghat . so ial ,cha~nge . eou~d 

;nevex be ~ ~ceally 

through~-nvn " viol 

aGhieued ; c~xcep 

nce, . .taut ~ 

asked me ,q " ar~d " they 

-so : + and " ~lieth~m? 1 

+cruehed " sne~ ~ and " I . 

never again raise 

viol~ncei~ of~ those 

in the ~ghet~tb~s~ i:tius 

king aut ;,, in no` ai 

gai~ns't the greaf 

(continued on 

they 1 

. 

were ;fight to do 

Their questifans 

new' that I dot~ld 

my .. va3.ce, ac~ai~st 

ha . aace~ eppxe~sed~ 

hoot, first apes ; 

ier`~ain terms, 

t inetigat 

a- 

age 24)

.:, 

, 

ACt 

N~3~F`tS SEA-UP~ FOR KILL 

. . , 

For a long : ,tame now,, the ant,~~, 

J :,: 

; :;~ .~x 

Black Oakland :`.-; ..cops , . ~~. : :~~zavo ~ ..: ac 

. .x ;{ 

Yl( 

seaxchYng for a means to destroy 

the Black Panther F,~~t~r:~,.~F~P~~-ilWhich.:.. ._ ~ , ~, 

it con~~dex's~ ..a. . threw . . ... ._,to white su- 

. ,:f> 

prema~y and xace oppression in the 

Bay Area ., .,,,Sat~;u~Cd~y :night, Apxil ~i ,a ; .t',~ : 

they got' what.;, ey hoped was their 

chance. 

The set-up ,,r,'~.as,~: ;,~the nation-wide 

strife bubbling in the wake of 

Dr, t~aYtin Luther ;;King's assassination 

. With Black ~tebellions level 

ing white Amerio'a!-~si' cities bath 

North and South, the Oakland cops_ 

intend~ad to use ".rthe super-charged ; 

atmo~rphex'e in the Bay Area as a 

stage for,rt'~he~ assassination of Panthex 

. 

Ss,tuxday~ :,, ni .~ht~~ ;~ ::~members of the 

BPP ~h~,d cangxegated in West Oakland 

ground 28th and~>Uri3on, reportedly 

near the home of a Panther member . 

The cops, ".~~whac had neither followed 

them 

f Y'st 

ox had stumbled upon them, 

surrounded ~th8' , area, and then 

sent in a squad car with two honkey 

i~easts in ort~er~~ta-provoke an incident 

. It appears"that -the two cops 

3'ired fixst on a group of t3rothexs 

who were in the street, who then 

fire d back on trie cops in return, 

wounding both . Some of the Panther s 

axe said to have been around the 

corner to find refuge in homes along 

28th street, while others made 

it up the street . At any rate, the 

cops, who already had the neighborhood 

entirely surrounded sealed off 

a two block area and closed in fox 

what they hoped would be a bloody 

massacre of Black People . 

Cops searched Black homes at gunpoint, 

forcing occupants to lie on 

the flloz w~aile they ransacked ~e 

rooms . W~,thaut botheza.ncf to ah~GlC, 

~ 


,-, ... 

they fix~d;~ ;3,`ntò;~,.a . hs~me, ~at~~,1208 28th 

aiF,~+ 

1 

street nar~Owh~r;,,m~,~ .~ ~g and frighten 

ng to c~~;~x~;.,.xhree elderly Black 

"` ~~atex s 

combing 

who .' s7.3ved they e. After 

t~ough;. ;.,. the entire neiyh- 

` :boyhood and ~erroxizing Black xesidents 

there, !be oop's stumbled upon 

3 panthers who had taken xefuge inside 

a house . 

A gun battle b®twet~n Panthezs and 

cops then raged td~r over an hour 

and a half, with members or" the $~'' 

holding up inside the basement of a. 

house at 1218 28th street : But the 

Panthers stayed on in spite of machine"gun 

fire, tear gas barrages,

BLACK MARKETER (Continued) 

which some sources state was ignited 

by an exploding tear gas carinistex, 

others that it was deliberately 

set by cops after teax gas and 

bullets failed to route the Panthers 

from their makeshift fortxess . 

Tn the end, facing ovexwhelming 

odds of some three doaen cops armed 

to the teeth and with moxe qn the 

way, the Panthers finally decfded 

to surxender . With searchlights : ;.; 

beaming from seemingly every dirertion, 

Bobby Hutton, BPP treasurer, 

emerged first from the bullet-ridden 

house . His hands were high in 

the air . His eyes smaxted f~ron the 

sting of teax gas . Then the cops 

ordered him to run towards one of 

the squad bars . And as he did, one 

of the beasts hollered, "He has a 

gun :" They smacked their lips as 

they opene~., . :fire on this unarmed 

Black youth':, arsd little Bobby Huttan, 

blood pouxing from the bullet 

wounds in his body, fell to the 

earth, murdered by the beast . He 

was only 17 yeaxs old . 

Eventually, Wendell Wells and ~3J .dridge 

Cleaver, BPP Minister of Information, 

emerged from the house, 

where they were taken into custody 

by the beast . As soon as they were 

taken away from the-site of the bat 

tle, both were severly beaten by 

the beast ~cops in spite of their 

injuries . w A11 in all, 8 Panthers 

were arrested by the beast, and : 

charged .with sevexal counts of "as- . 

sault wittiY n~Cent :,~o cammit~ ;;xnurder" 

and had bail - §et , ~t $40,000 . Cleav- 

:~ ::. rr 

er had: ;. been charged-'v with three ,, 

count~::j . with bail set~'at $63,;,000 . 

At the time of .th s writi.n c~, the :~~~ 

Panthers have succeeded in cjett ng . ; . ~;,~ , 

only one Brother, ~~Wendell : Wells, .~, :. 

xeleased . 


/ The House of Umoja (Unity) expresses / 

/ condolences to the family end friends / 

/ of L3obby James Hutton (1950-1968) / 

/ and the other ambushed Black Panther / 

/ Party Membexs . / 

/ THEIR BLOOD W K.L BE' REMEMBERED . / 

~~~~~a~~~~~~~~a~~~~~~~~*~~*~~ 

SWAHILI LESSON 

Kwaheri ` 

r`v, Good-by 

Chad Tea `w : 

Nyumbani ~ House 

Ka,ka ~ 01dex brother, 

IGarama Gra;~`fous, p 

Katili Cruel 

Kikaka Rush ; hurry 

'~'Kilaj 

~3 

Food 

KiKoa Co-op~xation ; 

a te,~mm 

Kitisho A threat 

Utamu . ., Sweetness 

. 

Sixau y:~f ;~,; ~ . Telephone 

mido.~+p, ; .~ , 

:z . . 

Ororo Tender 

Taksi Taxi 

A kukolea ~ Tasty 

.Upendo- ~, ` Love 

Chakula cha 

adhuhuri 

Lunch!

TH1C BLACK MARKETER BLACK PCTUJER : PAGE S 

B ~~. C~ ~ N 

L~-i HER. 

o i~ 

Being a man is the continuing battle of one's life, one loses a bit of 

manhood with every stale compromise to the authority of a.:r. ;x power in 

which one does not bel~eveg No slave should die a natural death fhexe 

is a point where cau~;:io~a ends and co~rardice begins . Everyday tam in 

prison I will refuse both food and water . 

My hunger is for the liberation of my people ; my~ thirst is for the 

ending of oppression . I am a political prisoner, jailed for my belie 'e 

that Black people must be free . The government has taken a po:~ ~ .~. :4 4.n 

true to its facist nature . Those who they cannot convert a they :`~.~:a.fi~~, 

silence . This government has become the enemy of mankind . 

Death can no longer alter our path to freedom . For our people, death 

has been the only known exit from slavery and oppression . We must open 

others . Our will to live must no longer supersede our will to fight, 

fox our fighting will determine if our race shall live . 

Ta desire freedom is not enough . We must move from resistance to aggression, 

from revolt to revolution . For every black death, there must 

be ten dead racist cops . For every Max Stanford and Huey Newton, there 

must be ten Detroits, and for every Orangeburg, there must be a Dien 

Bien Phu . 

Brothers and Sisters, and all oppressed people, we must prepare ourselves 

both mentally and physically, for the major confr~~ntation is yet 

to come . We must fight : It is the people who in the final analysis 

make and determine history, not leaders or systems . The 1~~.ws to govern 

us must be made by us . 

May the deaths of '68 signal the beginning of the end fox this country. 

I do what I must out of the love for my people . My will is to fight ; my 

resistance is not enough . Aggression is the order of the day . 

(Continued on next page)

THE BLACK MARdCETER BirACki: ..Pi>~=~:°> ~.t -._P .t-~t~~ ~,- 

--A Letter From Prl~on 

AMERICA> If it takes my dea$h to organize my people to rezd

BLACK~MARKE :~R i3LACK POWER ; , , PAGE ? 

D,C, BLACKS UNITE 

Washington, 9,C , : now has a Negro power must ttirn . the loyaltie :~ =~f 

mayor, but it °~]c esw't have a black the "native elites~" avd : other '"I~ ~mayor 

. ,9 majoxity of its people 

are Negro, but :" ~:~ :~,r~l .-;, a mitir rity are 

gxoes++ away from the white ru .~ "3-~c; 

cries atad toward conscious b,.a ~~ 

black ., : ;~, nationalism : Chly in the contexe~ 

Behind the- ~e.n~n~ .c .g~ane in ~~le~L~~h~, ~ =pan the current formation of 

sentences 1-i~es- dot 

. : only! ' 

.;an eva~:t~a~ ~;-~~ack Uri t~d F'zont in Washingto~ :~ `~,_ 

Lion o~ `Mayor ~~~rr ssitxher , . Walter :, ~- p~opexl.y understood : 

Washington'"':,and,- not :~ tr~e,~~' ~eogle,.of the` This is : a static situat2o .n c 

District ; : 'lout :, the .cu~lple storY o~`~ 

black p ower . ~ poly t~cs~" ~` '~ 

as it .3.~ Y'l~3w ": 

unvolding in the c'aI,~.'ital~; : ci~y nf' 

the Un.~.ted 5tate;nc~F yAmezi;cai ' ' ., ; 

".rwo years- ago, : the ` local Stude t : 

r - r :;Nohvio~.ent ' C~oardinating Commi~?.aec' 

;; ;;(a1VCC:.~', .-was mobilised for a p :~.r~c: 

~~r~;b~C,'.'. ` 'ca~ipaign in which . ~~hb~i~F 

. 

The, uuord , '~ kP~e9~'c ,' , , ' the" . . ourrent ~~ and f~btuy 'bf~ick" ;, .were major . themes 

th~.nk, ng goes, ,,,x~epr ;~ ;~en~ts ,t ie ma~i"% : ; ; r p~esui~ab'ly, th~ ~ : Q,Stablishment l~ sj. . 

who . accepts the ~y~ ~ ^m,- wtko. .zs .wal~~t ; r Y: fall . .of à : c~.ty: gow~~nment under the-, ...., 

ling .,to:., Pl.ay .,,'t .wl1:~ tc -?'sr' . :g~e .t: ' 'w~iove c.: . 

IrY ~ the anti-cblonk~hist,, `terms, 

within thc .,-co~~c~fi~ial ,,cap t~h, b3adc ; 

Dixie-style cops, resents 'Murr~h~r' :~ 

,interference, and the Poli.~ce°'~~~.'-1 ; 

. . 

1 . , :,- a . . r ., 

..~ .~ f I 

' C'1 ( .yj . ..: 

o ... .

DLACK MAk2KETEx`. (Continued) BLACK POWER : PAGE 8 

While affic:ials argue that the 

District of Columbia is neither a 

Newark 7or a Detroit, they are developing 

plarss to use city ,,po1~..Ge~ 

r:'~e Natio~aal fuarc~ en~~reguiaz ;?~~y 

troops (who ax:~a~and x~ n~a~y bas;e$r) 

.. .' . 

effecting` togetherness among, all 

Black people in the Dis~firict , .k off :, 

Columbia in :order "ti obtain . a 

'rigHtful and px,apartioriate share : ~~ 

' flit decision-making` councils .off , ..the 

District, and rightfulV 'and propor- 

to quell any outbreaks of:~ insurg~--~ : ; t~onate control of the economic. ., in-, 

Pncy in 'the c~.ty'., ~~omc "bbse~vers sti'tutions in :~~3:e :Black ~olt~imuna.ty : " . 

have noted that Washington', .s ù~rba~n~,. ~ As for the New~:Schodl, `'its . orienplan, 

designed b.y P ~~r~'].',E~~aa~ ~ ~ :~tation ''i,s cu]a;u~al and ec~ucati~onal ; 

around t.?~e tine of `tl~e~rrench, i Q.vo- : . . ~. ~raahe'f` ~ than political, tDough t lti-, , 

lotion, inhib~_ts riots since wide,- : mately its work is."~':rrfpc~1~i~Ciea1 xediagonal 

avenues gi~è pallce urius~- , , . .,, Z~va~i+~e ' "We know heel ' is" going 

ual mobility . ; . ' ; , : ; ~;~ be' `'~' canfrontation ~':' Done ~reenan 

when it cone's : to ~b~l~ck 'power"~ ~~~ ;,a . member of The House ~ ~i~E~~tfiMnja (Unalitics 

and the ,possib%fity of ; . vic~L, :. ; : 'ty), axed the ;s:chocrl's '~'dir:ectar, 

fence, Washinc~t,on is especial case . : . . : ; Mold the`Guardian . : : :~"We war~~f`to have 

for reasons ;;ha~,r,~,~:e fa~ely stated ; ;, :~ ,cpnciete'' àlternati.ves . 'to'-offer ." 

by eithe .~ the federal' :go~er'rnnent . or ; . .. ;. ; . .Fox b'o'th the Front arrdr'the school, 

black n~ilitarzts ~ : If=~`~ash~ igtoxi is , . . . black ìdentity - is a foreinnst aim . 

to cons- :inue to~.:b:e : the hbi~c cif` the .. .1 .,, ; : ~hc front, as the mime `~i.mplies, 

federal government . ., ~,s 'it~ 'i's now ;- : .; . seem$" itself as a b~aafc~~r'agenc r frx 

eonstitc ted, the ~ ; . security of chat _, , e;sog ~f 'change . ,Youthful militant . 

c~overnrne:nt depends ' cfn -cantrdl ° 

. o~ . ,: .~:leade~is such as Stokely ~armichael, 

is envy ronment . Ultini~ate9~y,, . .black, _. ,~ ; type `t~t'emparary chairman, ~t~~rve_ `provipcwex 

r Qre means, thaW'b~rck' people :, . . - : :dell=` §ucfi ' . of the; imp~tt~~ ' and the 

wall dE cide under' wl at''condaaions, . - : .tom' `for the group . I3tlt the Front 

'she :'èdEeral government sari `fun~tic~n . : .: . alsei': . included individuals close to 

~.nd befrre b?.ack'"w power evier ., .getS , .,,-~ ;the " :'ratiota~l Association for' the 

':.a tha ~: stave, ~ vio'lct~'C 't~ufb e'~ks . ; ., , : Ad~raitcement ~ of C fared ~"`P~dpYe and 

^.ould sFrious ~ y threaten ~~He .day-ta the lJrban League, : ;:as~ w~.~hi as : people 

c~ay operation "y of the government : \ A ., 

.rebellion in Washington 'could be .~, 

`;I'3e ea,uivalen?: af, the recent guar- . . 

:_w~lla attack on " the U :B `` 'Ern'~assy ,, 

:. ~ :~.ke _ : Chuck'`~tone , :whQ i s Adam Cl aytan: 

P©%velf's assistant and a be- 

Never

BLACK MARKFTER (Continued] 

"One of the ways of bri ragout our 

people home is by using pa tierce, 

love, brotherhood and unity -- not 

farce -~- love, patience hrotherhaod 

and unity . We try and we try and we 

try . If they. . become a threat, we 

off them . We off them . 

"But we must begin to understand 

that in a context of foaming inside 

our community a uniLod front, a 

blactc united front, which engulfs 

every sector, ev"~ry fact and every 

person inside our community working 

foz ~';he ben ofi t of bi ack peopl e 

working for the benefit of blaclc 

people . And that is for each 

thcr's survival . 

Liicewise, the New School, which 

moves into new expanded quarters in 

Mareh, has adopted a lo?3g"~sczx~ge 

vieva . The school's aim, as explained 

. by Freeman, is to change 

the dissa°cisfaction of the city's 

black people in ordex to create 

n,^,tion listic p~°ido . The school 

draws on blactcs from two worlds---th^ 

underworld of pimps, prosicitutes 

and nt~mb2rs l:acketeers, and 

the overground world of government 

employees . 

TYe ;cragr . i:i.ff

PAGE 10 

Theme can .be , no'victor :y'=in Nigeria's"civil 'war' . Spokesinen 

far both` tYie ~edera.l govexnmerit and the seceding Big° 

af~an state asist that if they ~da not win, Nigeria : will 

be reduced to total chaos breeding` nothing but tr-iba.7.-~ 

hatred, guerrillas warfare a"n,d._ :.:bet-ty :-~di:at~a~tvrs2ri~s . Tn 

an e~ffa-rt ~to : avert ~ this trag c'`demolition of Africa's . 

''once "model deinocra:cy,'! Wole Soyinka, Nigeria's fore-. 

moist poet and ~phay~ri+~ht~ (with tivo ~fffBraadwag plays . . . . , 

'chi's season), 'published a statement . 'n ; the fail Sketch' - ,: ` 

Ibadan ; ~call3ng for a cease fire:: : -Ten : ; days later he was 

-"detà ned,!~ two ~montYis cater the .: gow!ernment claimef 5oy~ 

inky had confessed 'to . : conspiring ui~ th th'e rebels ; .he denied 

the charges' . . and. ~ .s still -in 'jail awaa .ting trial . 

Whatever ahe. fC'tual .~fa -ct's may be, Sayinka a:s . . ..a painfully 

accurate exarxple of the dilemma of the AfricaW writer 

w'ho ~ is marad;T~r unable' : .' o isolate hiriself from hia society, 

..yep. ; , canr~at find a .'safe vantage point from which to 

comment .on :the scene around him';'" Befare his arrest . Soyinka; 

wrote . an article : ; for the d atinguished Uganda magmine, 

Transition ,, . in ,which he tx :ies to define the wxit-- . . . .. . . 

eY's true-re§ponsibiTit~ in the "mtwement toward chaos 

n.madern : :Africa-." : 

ltity concern n :: this :~.rt c~e : i .,s 

primarily with the . non-South A.fr.: - 

can writer. . . and w.hy, . . b.e.a~Qx.e . ..very 

long, he- - may begin -;to envy the 

South African the bleak immensity 

of : ha s.vprabl ems : Fr~r : the > South. Af= 

rican has still the right to hope, 

and this pxospect of a future as 

yet uncompromised by failure on his 

own part, in his own right : is 

samet;":~.ng ~ whic'.~. ' has latr~ly `ceased . . 

to exist for writers of other ~A~fr~i,- . 

o~n :~tarese -. 

Wliia-2 r. 'he may debate what eonst~:- ; 

totes a~rIIlack writer and what 

does- r..aty . . .. ctne ` br.ee.d, ~. of ' humanity 

t^r2i- ch "gee cannot ~con~fox.'tabYy .tier~y ~.~,. 

t2i'at- of . the wr 'ter . > ; . In -new socie- . 

ties , ., .Which began: ,the deductive : ex 

pe~riment in : authox-iaariani~m;, . ., ~ .it:

DRUM - Contint.ed BLACK POW~t : .~ PAGE 11 

has become a ~-amil ar'experience to . to shrink f~òm the bewil.caei.'pd 

watch society crush the writer un- ,tare of the South African, knowing 

der . a load o~ guilt for his darixlg that he, the supposed2y .free mind 

outlook " apax~.~: ~ .' ."rom and' independent who .once symba''l zed a lgophole for 

rf the .mass ~c:_rc~ction . 'TYie~'~evolu- tf~e ,dead end of the South . African 

tionary mood in society is a, par- d~,lemma, has himself become the 

Licularly potE~n~t tyrant in this re- Creature of despair . The change in 

::pect and s~.nce the writer is, at circumstances is quite direct . The 

'': :ze . very lea~t, sensitive to mood, background begins at the united op-- 

', e respects ~oho demand of the mo- posit on . of the colonized to the 

:~1ent and effects his definition as external tyrant . Victory, of,sorts ., 

a writer by an act of choice .t And ,,came and the writer submitted hi. :-~ 

Ln the mode :.n African state espe- i.ntegrity to the monolithic stxecs~- 

:~ially, the position of the writer 

?gas been such that he is in fact 

"~:hnn very Pro~~ of state machiner~r . 

".°dependence in every instance had 

: .Lent an emergency pooling of every 

:~.ental resource . This writer must, 

:or the mom ant at least (he per- 

:~uades himself), postpone that ua~ique 

reflection on experience and 

"events which is wha~ : makes a writer 

-and constitute himself into a 

7aart of the machine ,~y that will ac- 

~~ually shape events . Let this im- 

??ulse be clearly undexstood and 

valued for itself ; the Black 

~~riter found that he could not deny 

"ais society ; he could however, tem- 

;;~oraLily at least, deny himself . 

.-~o therefore too, his place in the 

l~ew state -as a privileged person, 

personallq placed above the effects 

cf the ,narrow~~wis}on which usually 

accompanies the 5:~patience of new 

rations . He, the special eye and 

r?ar, the special knowledge and re- 

~pdnse, lost eve's his recreative 

consciousness, wk~ieh, from time to 

time, left active and alert in his 

creative'"work, mig :Zt have demanded 

a reexamination o .f his own position 

. 

If he has not al :~:eady arxived at 

- .his discovery, the writer from 

~;ast or freest A:~rican states is coming 

closer to the terrible understanding 

that it is not his South 

~~frican comrade who is the creature 

of compassion . Already he has begun 

' . 

,,es of the time . For this any man- 

~ifesto deemed valid, any ,-ism cou_~~;i 

~be embraced with a clean cor_sc~eet ;cc> .- 

.With few execptions the writer di- 

." rected his energies to enshr n :an -. 

victory, to reaffirming his ident~.ficatian 

with the aspixations ,~` 

nationalism and the stabili~ats.o~ 

of .society . ; 

The third stage, the st:~ge at 

,which we find ourselves .naw, is the 

stage of disillusionment, and it is 

this which . prompts an honest exam .motion 

. of what has been the fail,ure 

of the African writer, as a 

writex . , And this is note o say 

that if the Black writer` ~hac~ tru 

ly responded to the political mw 

, ; agx~ssive national consciousnes> . 

Reality, the . ever-present fe;rtiie

DRUM - Continu+~d- 

reality,' was ~,c~nca~~d by the w~ri~ez~ 

and relegated ~tra ~h~ new v~.sionary 

--the politic~.~~~0 Since the phase 

of anti-colania:~ist writing was, 

clearly . . over a~~~.a ; ~~~~~at pt~pose rendeyed 

redunda~at y . ~ ~ t~ew distraction 

had to ~be created fc~r` the ~hggxessiv!e 

demands ~ of the wri'ter's -Yestless 

mind . And th« .~ublishe~s were at 

hand, w'ai;ting, ;:e~~ttira] defin ti~ns . . 

became a riew ~oa~re E of literature~?~ 

not sci t~ew i as f c~,c~ti ; ~ 'but they , a~ 

quired a . ne~u s c,`~i3.ficance : in .,'hrYle 

context' .of. - p+a~.it :caZ 'z~8epet~dehce, 

The cur~i'osity ~ ;^ .f, f:~ae outiside world 

far, exceeded t.~e .~r critical -facu~" 

ties . and publas~e :~s , . 'hoV~er-ed 1ìke 

benevolent vu1 tux:e ~ on . tYlc .:;~~ ~,,1, 

foetus of. - . t3a~ : .~"~ .ack Musei : ~At . .a . 

given signal . .al~~y .t¢ia~'e` , off b5.t .s . and 

pieces, ' fann~;c~ . u~, with p+~werfu~: 

wings dehusicr~s o~ sxc~n f canoe in' 

commonness' arac~ 'oar~aZitq~. " The .ave7c- . 

age . publish£ wY ~~.t2r " in the ear~:y, ' , 

post=calonia~ . y~as:,s was the most 

celebrated ~i~.T~n of incansequence. 

ever to obscurer ' ¢tee true flesh cf 

the flack di~.ex :~r:~ . 

This waa tks~ ~~eg nn%ng of the abdi 

cation " of t~~e A.~rican .wr i ten azid 

the deceptioaa ~ : vuhi~h he caused .~?y 

fabricating :~a na :jriitude of unfelt'. 

abst~actionsc . +s~F,ated"by his very, 

position ~,n sa~~:~~~tf , he ;m3.sta~ok #iii . 

own personal ar~~, t+~rzporaxy :cut uzal 

prediczitnent ~'o~' ; tkie pi~edicatnent, ref 

his . entire ~~c~ qty ,and tu;r~ed atw 

.tendon from .w~;;a'~ was really hop- 

. : , __peeing within '~ at~ .society;. H~ e- 

,_ven . tried- to .dive; sciciety something 

that the ~se~cie~y ~ as nearer ?past=_,"- 

:' : a 

its 'identity . N

DLACK WEST INDIANS DEFY FRENCH 

HOI~TKIES :/ Guadeloupe is one of 

the two West Indian Islands controlled 

by the Fr ench, Its capitol, 

Fort de France, is famous because it . 

is the birth place of Frantz~Fanarr - - 

. 

and. greatest :3'~wla century Black Poet, 

Aime Cesaire . // 

, 

Paris, March second-- The"trial" 

of black guadelaupe anti-colonial- w 

ist fighters which was staged by 

the French ruling circles ~to sup 

press the guadelou~e national movewent 

for independence has ended~in . 

complete failure . The resolute- '°r . 

struggle of the guadeloupe patriots 

and the support of the French progressives 

have turned he "trial" 

into an indictment of French colon: ,, 

ial rule . .vrv. : : 

The scandalous trial started on ,; ; -, 

Feb, 19 in Paris . The 19 Guade- w 

loupe patriots standing trial (one 

in absentia} were arrested Last . .~,t ;;f 

May by the Fxench colonial author- : ., 

sties fluxing a sanguinary suppression 

of the demonstration of the 

Guadeloupd. people . They were preposterously 

charged with "threat- v 

erring the ter~:itorial 

the country " just 

integrity of ~ , :rs : . 

because they 

demanded 

rule . 

an end to French colonial 

The Black Guadeloupe anti-colon- A solidarity ~ ~commi+;tee was orialist 

fighters put up -~ good fight. ganiaed by the French and progses- 

in court, They are their barrister sives on the very day when these 

turned the court into an frost-co- Black Guadeloupe anti -colonialist 

N 

BLACK POWER ; nAGE :,1 . . " 

, ;> y3, 

lonialist platform . ~T~ey,laid bare 

the miserable life of the Guade" 

loupe people under colonial exploitat 

on and racial discrimination 

and being deprived of all 

rights . They voiced the just demend 

' ` of the Guadeloupe people to 

be the masters of their own dest 

ny . 

Before the sentence wad passed,' 

SergE Glautle, . representative of 

the patriots, declaxed at the court 

that " we reaffirm our political-w 

claim :,, .,,,,,, ours struggle is 

just because it ,is the struggle 

for the --~.iberation, di~ginity, and 

progress'` 'of our people' ~~~ 

A ,

7 v ~ ~: . 

`~ . : 

S . 

~ 

~ . ~`rir ~ , 

fig~;~ers' . were `~if~~~s ;~~tl'. .= . its simila~~',:' 

cammittee ; ~~ ha~~ . al's`~i~' b~e~ ,, ~or~aed 

the;=xes"i;dea~ts' ;~;~ , ~-Gùa`c~elau~~~.~ ~$Ya 

,txr 

que and Gu~ ~t~a ; (f ench colat#~' . 

ie~ in Latin America . ~ a.n ;,.f~ca~x~e : : 

These . ~1twQ -~ ~soli+da'r ~t'y "~ : ,coin ~te~~ :~ 

have ax~¢an3.`~ed' a ' ni, inbe.~ . . ;Q~P . :de~not~» . ; 

stra~ion~,: ; °, 

I+t,-.,was .prec3`sely ~' ufidez the tes+~~- : 

lut .eJ stxctg~2~~ of tYia G~aiiel;oup~ ,pa : . .~.! 

triot~~-,~:a~ad the' pr~$sure .,Q~ pu1~;i~c ,:,," 

opir~ian . °,;t2~at 'the ~. .F$ench covert paid ' ~~ 

to acquit 13 of tale x9 arriested pa» : . 

triots . However, six patriots were 

arbitrarily sentenced to three .ox 

faun years' imp~ ;~;sat~rnent W3.tl thl~ 

beHefit of respite . 

Ira i Maii news a r r : o 

Ame~ r~ca~s "mss''. e a 

oppression - _,r ; A~ril,.,~ nt~h -, 

Iraqi and Mali newspaper have 

expressed support fox the Afro-Ame» 

The Iraqi paper al shaab .in a 

commentary on April '7 said that the 

Afro~Americans armed resistance to 

violent suppression was shaking the 

rule of Washington i;o its very 

foundations and filling the U.S . 

with fear . 

:3' i C'. a .;' t : .: a' ; .i . 

t~: :.l~, : L ( . 

The papez said that in order to 

cover the expenses fox military ag» 

gression against other nations, the 

U .S, imperialists have imposed ex- 

horbitant taxes and high :.cost of 

living on the middle class and the 

poor including the Afro-Americans . 

fhe policy of aggression pursued by 

U.S . imperialism will undoubtedly 

lead it to its collapse . 

An article carried by the pap.e~c 

on the same day referred to tt~e ,a.~» , . _ » .~..~.L '`W :.» »~ .:-_"- 

' ` ~l}.~'± "' `,~~ 

sassinat pn :~og M~rtx~ni `Luth+~~ Kirig t :~,.~ ;, 

i 

" ,r , 

by a rac'b.a~~zah~te~: ; : , 

. ''I~"`saY .d' ;' Ki.n~; ,,,,v ~Suceess ~~fld'c~ke ` " 

wanted p?~e :t,thrc~~:~h nO~n jv11e~C2~)r) (' ., ; .s~ ;;146 ~Sraar ay"t"~'~' .S~re'et 

~ 

.y 

but met with . ~ ,a' ~wioleti~~ death; he Sat1 Francisco, California 

wanted : ,to . . achieve his rights with 

spe~ ~~x ,abut , was killers with but- 

i3~.ACK POWfR : . PAC3S 14 

lets . The Afro"Amexicans, t2xern : 

fore, moat counter wiolence with 

valence . 

'Ihe Mali paper, essay wxate in :gyp;: 

editorial yester~Iay , that "'fox° manor 

people ` the death of King means this 

end, o ;, the` myth ~of non-violer:cea" 

the 'nature of imperialism w~.1x 

never change, it said and a~~ ; 

"before the policy of capitalists 

and racist exploitation, the c+p~ 

pressed are left with two options : 

either counter the reactionary, v o~~; ;: 

fence of ~t1~;iz :e~~aemii~s 'with a~~,a~p» , 

reed ~~rataleoce . ; a~: su~a b~t~~ 

--~rzcx

L3URNING SPFAR 

, P~1a . .1~ 

~~1~~oxY o~ 

d 

CHEYENNE FL IGHT NORTH : (This is 

Part II of a series of three continued 

sections to be run in 

kf,, ~a,M. ~t PCr:a*: r ) 

At noon, when the fight was nearly 

over, the Cheyenne survivors 

slipped away towaxd the camp of 

Crazy Horse . They had nearly vane 

of their food they had carefully 

prepared for winter, and most of 

their other belong~.ngs had been 

lost when MacKenzie's Pawnees had 

plundered their village and destroyed 

the lodges by fire . On the 

way to C~~azy Horse, eY.even children 

froze to death . Horses had to~be 

killed for food . But the Cheyenne 

;~arriors vowed revenge on Ma~- 

Kenzie's Pawnees once they joined 

forces with Crazy Horse . 

But Crazy Horse refused to joiC~ . 

the Cheyennes in reckless repraisals 

. "It is useless . The ~ ~°3asichus 

outnumber the blades of grass 

on the prairie ; we Indians can no 

longer stand against them . Friend 

Shahielas, it is time for us to 

be smart and prepare to walk the 

white man's road . Otherwise, we 

shall all be killed :" Dull Knife 

agreed . He believed that the only 

chance for surviva]~ was making 

peace with the white man . 

The band of Cheyennes surrendered 

to General Nelson Miles at Fort 

` ~ BLACK POWER . PAGE 15 

Keogh in ~the spring of 1877 . Thirty 

braves, indignant at Crazy Horse's 

"betrayal", enlisted as scouts with 

Miles Calvary to held round up the 

Sioux . The rest were sent south to 

Darlington Reservation in irrdian 

Territory ---- not Oklahoma . There 

they joined 'the :Sout;:zern Cheyennes 

and waited fox the peace and prosperity 

they had been promised . 

In the south,' the buffalo 

gone and the Souttxern Cheyennes had 

cleaned up what snail game there 

been . Still, the -1~~7xthern 

Cheyennes would not take food sway 

from their relatives . Sickness and 

fever weakened the starving band . 

Within a year more than half of 

Dull Knife's people were dead : 

One' day in the middle of August 

1878, Dull Knife' `'~xid' Little Wolf 

went to the ag~t~t arid asked him to 

allow the Che+yrer :'ri`~s~ to go back to 

their home . Dull :":rife' was sick, so 

Little Wolf spoke : 

"We have come. 

t~d . àsk the agent 

that we be sei~t ~~' Y:ome to oux own 

country in the mouraains . My people 

were raised there in a land of pines 

and clear, cold rivers . There, we 

were always healthy, for there was 

meat enough for ab1 . hle were happy 

there until the Great Father's sol~ 

diers brought us here . Now, in the 

years that we hove been in this 

southern country, more .fihar. half of 

us have died . This i~ not a good 

place for us -- there is too much 

sickness and head.° and dust, and not 

enough food . We wish to return to

BURNfiPd~ SPEAR (ConLi~~ued) 

. . 

' 

. 

our, home in she nou~at~r~.ns . If you 

have not the ,:>ower t ~ ah~:alw us to g4 : 

there, let so ..~re of u

SOUL S ISTA .- Cont inued 

M 

O 

J 

A 

: 

Polygamy ,is .~ - ,su'~jetct, . on. ~ which 

many peopha-, have written `'fbr and 

against . In Africa the t n~rbtagonists 

speak ., .of .~ .i .t as ,` ark `~frican 

custom and m.ar}ogamy $~trop~an,. 3ut 

polygamy vas ,:a . .formi of marriage is 

practiced in many partsf of the 

world besides llfrica . It ;_ requires 

no definition but for ~t~e r: 

purpose 

of clarity it can be described as a 

form of ,marriage in which several 

r-, 

: w. vds ,art united- .to acne, man, each 

= , e :- 'having status of :a legaL,consort, 

"'~~ while ~the :~ offspring a~~ regarded as 

legs°1>~childr .en of the : ~nu~band, 

~- It'i is often forgo~ .ten that. poly_ 

' ga?~y i`s not s© much 

riage fui~~Iamentally 

a fb~rm of mar- 

~ d s~~nc,t from 

monogamy' acs;-;-rather a x~~ltxple monogamy 

. : Tt His always, ; - in fact, the 

repetition of a marriage contract 

entered individually with eeicth 

9 Y' 4 

BLACK' POWER--;: ~ PAGE 12,~

SOUL S ISTA' ~CQ Aft inued } ,, 

, 

M 

O 

J 

A 

The real basin,_ . . principle of any 

marriage in its true sense is the 

union of perso ;lahi"ties . The Bible' 

says for the sake of marriage : " a 

man leaves his father and his mothers 

and r. a .r avss 'fib his wife, and 

man leaves his father and his mother 

and cleaves to ris wife, and 

they become cne fleeh" . It is in 

monogamy that this ic?eal is achieved 

. The wholE> institution in its 

sexual, paren~:al,ecor.~.omic,legal and 

relic,!"ons aspe cts is founded on the 

fact that the real fLl.nction of marriage, 

sexual union, production anal 

care of childt en . andr ~, the, cd-opera- ' ; 

tion which it imiplies, requires essentially 

two people and two people 

only . 

Waienever men begin to realise 

their responsibilities polygamy 

dies a natura~_ death . 

In certain independent states in 

Africa, for e ::ample, in Tun~.sia and 

Morocco,d.espi':e their_ Islamic background 

which r~rmits polygamy, legislation 

has moved strongly to 

wards monogamy . ! Tuxiisia '' has, in 

fact, abolished polygamy by law 

The same is 'true' 'oF`~sdme indepenc'ent 

countries in Asia -- India and 

Y~IoYth Viet Nam, for instance . Mono- 

~+amy is a sign or progress . 

-In conc7~usion ; , .,7~ ,~~ou],r,1 r- like < to : 

szote some~'poifts ~roln f the - . Go~n~rents 

of the presb~iterian~ church .off Ghana 

ca she Ghana ;, (n~tiite .> s .paper on f ~ ~~x~ 

riage, di .o-c~ ax~~, inher,itagce~ . 

"With regard tb the .relat,oq~ of , 

mean and wome:y} .in marriage r.~t~d : ,~ ~v 

home life,' tfi gee ~uhdaznental ;points - 

may bP ma~ttio red ~her~e : 

I3LACIt 70WER : ' `'PAGE 1~ .w 

; 

. 

wife, establishing an individual 

l : Marriage is intended by ad tc~ 

relationship ~~etween the man and be the exclusive life-long uni n of 

each of his partners . 

one man and one '~~voman . Tl ~.,c :. 

It is a trL:isrn to say that mono- made clear in the holy scrip ur_~s, .,.\, 

gamy is, has 'peen and will remain by Jesus' going bel~, nd the pol g~ar y 

the true typE of ~ marriage . It is sanctioned by the ~~saic lacv to .::^- 

'the pattern ~.rad prototype of mar- affirm this as the, ui11 of god . 

'- iage . This 

trite 

point explains away 

w:ze 

argument that th~-~e `ys rzo-" 

,, w: 

where in the bible where ;;polygamy 

is forbidden . ' ,;~Me bible does h~ ",~e 

examples of 

~~ e,, 

gx~evous c~an ;~e-~ 

quences of polygamous marriage 

among the early men o~ God . Ttvas 

because of Abraham'`s second m~,w.-riage 

that Ismael we;s- borr. a s a 

rival of the legitimate son o'= 

Jacob . Jacob's polygamous marr~.vr~~ 

bro~it~ht ha,m ; . nothing :but grief ;^;nd 

anxi+~fy . ~ ~r~ the leter history of 

tt~e Jèvus pdlyga~iy was not pract~:~^d 

at all : 

2 i~Men grid women hive equal val?~c: 

and dignity in 'the, ~i9~t : ~+f God, ar , 

equably redeemed . ~~ . Ytim in Je ~~~~~ 

Christ . The respect atad honouz 

which Jesus treated #~cm~ was .v~r 

not~?~J.e i:n Jewish soc~.ety ~a wY.:Lc?~~ 

women ~Azere ndt ' noir~ally given a 

high place . ~"Thi;~ is feasible: ira 

monogamous marriage where marriage 

is a total un :pn of two persona - 

ties . The equality of men and wo~, 

men is strongly emphasized in t:ae 

creation story . It zs partnership 

and not master and servant as i~t i ;; 

manifested in the poi ygamous rzatriages 

. Dr . D . M . G . Stalke r ~;,~~: "".; 

this cleanly in the: creation s~to :p~ 

A woman is not from the man's head 

to have dominion over him, nor f_~-o?n 

mhys feet:~abr'be `tram~iled u on ~,' 

t .,,' 

. 

. . ~ 

him, but from his `s~.r~ec~'ne , '~ `t~'io . Y.~s' 

' 

~:He-art to b~ .cherishe+~v and` loved by 

:;.shim as a partner, , , 

A haply carriage is the' one in 

J ` 

~~ ~ a, 

rccv3 

- .tc; :which the Partners always thi .r:k 

;prmore of each other thafr themselves . 

:,s~:~r~elf shness s the murdefex nfi :vas.- 

"riage . BTVf~'ii'! polygamy 'the centre 

i : ;c ..

SOUL S ISTA' 

M 

O 

J 

A 

. 

of every Thing 

pleasure . - i~ 

fishness . 

is the hu`s~ac~'~s""~ ~ ~ 

is a marria.c~e . .of sel- 

In advocating for rnonogamous~marriage 

against polygamy I am .concerned 

with whit will promote~,_human 

dignity and a sound sQCiaY~.life . 

This is evident in the .life of any 

nation anal communities" where monoga::""~ 

i s. . 

the practice and law, 

i 

~~-.r-~,~.r~r ' 

. ? , . . 

r , .- 

.:x,r . 

. . 

. 

D~AECQiA, S r .t~~'ON SA~fS,'. ., . . ~ ., . 

~~ 

~.~r ... 

.e 

, 

, 

-arc: . 

. .m,4 : .c ._ . 

ty~un en in tire 

world t`ra.n . mri~ . Wiry :;h ~~l.dntt- ..a 

man h~ 3e d :~ ..ffe:ren c we~m~2 ~ . .,. o., ,;af-ter 

a1?,, some; axe beiaer a-c coc~ki,ng, 

Bonze a'c xearing children, some at 

going to bed, others at taping 

care of the house ." , 

Dakota 5taton, one of ; ;,;,,Amera~ca's 

top songstresses, is now ., :al&o ::ra devoute 


:3F : 

q..~AYrAw 

woute Muslim and so believes in the 

Muslim practice of polygamy, She 

is maxrie~d to "Alhaji" Talib Ahmad 

Dawud anal; . declares that when her 

husband',3.ntxdduced her to Allah she 

found peace of mind . As a polygamy 

supporter, she says : Mari is naturally 

polygamous, He is supposed to 

have more than one woman, In Amex- 

?.ca, everybody knows that a married 

inar~ has more than one woman, but 

they wc~n't admit . it . kYE're~so~hy~~ WM 

~ocritical ,ab~u't~~¢veryth3 :ng, ~- 

"On the~"~othe.r hand, wornen . . ..axe -supposed 

to be monn~gamaus, When a 

woman wants another man, .there's .got 

to be a good rea~o~i~, But if a 

man r. .afl ;support moxe .than -orre womata 

then let : him,' " 

~ ~.~ ~. .~ .x x .K ~ ~ x .~ ~-~ x ~ .,~. .,~.~ ~r x-x ~ -~-~ 

Woman without man ,is like field without 

seed, 

I can did; BLACK POZ~JER : Pl~a~~ send me : . 

l.~ 1 year' ~ subscription C' ~=:~00) 

L`7 6 months subser ption'-( ::~1 "75) 

I live outside the San F`fanc~i~~o' Bay Area : 

1 yea,r~ s subscr~ .pt ori ( ~. ~5) 

6 months subscription (~2 .2~ .) 

NAME ' -, !-, 

PHONE 

ASR ICAN PROVERB 

Make a,ll checks to BT,ACK. 'fUWF.~2 

'. . . 'J ~ ..~ . . . ..

RATS, ROACHES, AND RU1~`VS 

It seems that the time of year 

had come " °ardund -, -again , for-=the Annual 

Spring Fe~~tility Festival, and 

all over Itt tkie middle-class citizens 

and the aris ocxacy were making 

avid preparations . The peasants 

were par=~.~ularly excited be 

cause, being able to sing well at~d 

having a nat~.iral sense of rhythm .] 

they always ~;howed up everybody 

else durWg thn week-long Festival 

It was their one time to really 

break out . 

Rufus - Reddi,-~g, the spokesman for 

the peasants, rNas in the Emperor's 

chambers-go ng.avex the last drafts 

of plans for the Festival . 

"Nau- what---we'd .like 3s a Foxtune- 

Telling Both,' Rufus said, "with 

some conga dr '~rimers out in front to 

stir -uia . . bus.ir~ess,,, and w_e'd like a 

place to sell Soul Food, and=" 

"I don't knc-~u , " the Emper or mused, 

easing back in his golden throne . 

You peasants have been getting 

mighty uppity lately, you knave," 

Rufus fxownE~d, "I know," he nodded, 

breaking into a smile . "We've 

had our c~if :'erences over the past 

yea 

BLACK POIi~ER : PAGE 20 

Rufus frowned . "I know," he nodded, 

breaking into a smile . "We've 

dad our differences over the past 

year, but this is more important 

than ,all that . You know how my 

people Love"the Festival ." 

` "And` . Trve been talking to-the Empress,lately," 

the Empe~or ;contir,ued 

. "She 'told me that some of you 

~easants. liave-been singing autsidw 

her', pa~,ace in, the rnoinings arw9 

~> p~.aying drums, too-~-" 

,!'they've just been practic ng.f~.the 

Festiival sir" ` Rufusrsmile~i w. 

pologetically . - 'v_"Now ' about .~hr ., 

chitterling sale we'de .,like ;.,o 

have-______+~ ., 

"The Lfuke seems to agree with

HOUSE OF UMOJ~ 

., 

.~ ~ p`r'rmary~pa~pose of t~~ House of Umoja ~(Uz~zty ) as its tradit3.ona]. 

, ,t ,~ . . . 

name impli'c~s, is designed to build a nation of BZ-ack ,_Peo~];:e whose love . ,- ,. 

-_~ :3 a . . 

and, : unity is so' s~triSriE and tight that 'x~o poison wil~.`be fble o 

, .z . ' 

taminat~ the Black rhythm for unity aria libexation . 

our 

33ir ACK POWEF2' ; 

THE HOUSE OF UMOJA 

is the 'official organ. of the house aiE`.'Umoja . 

. . 

, 

We believe, Brothers ana Sisters ; 

_ 

: . ,- 

? c .-, . : 

that we must come together because 

. ., , . . . . 

aricestors~ demand `'that we raise 'their puxe Black Souls on to the . : 

vestil~'rzle `~'~`. t'he c~ood" T31ack dirt ~ and a~sove the 

'`' i .~ .o , . ~,, f..t 

slave 'ships, h'aurited plantations anc~ Cò'rrupt, dixty 

. . .r"? 

decadence whioh'wiTY 'not' let our 

joys of eternal ' li~~pZt~es's - . In a word, this 

, :,y 

buy ! . .. 

Nc° .~*, 

gu Zangu 

o ;' 

Wa~i~~ufua ''4?ai sH 

` ! ( long l:we , our ai +cestor s : : r 

I . . 

; . . 

_i . . 

JCZUIta~f1-.LOF Y3L 1~~ 1'~ .~;'~"~~~' 

130 5 i:+~ias°on c ^-ve := :'-#4 

fan F'ra.ncisco,, G~.l~if94X17 

BLACK POWER : Page 21 

white stench oftMe , .sunken 

createva Love Supreme~ a whirlwind w'h~:ch a UNITEDBlack . Man . will .rele-. 

., 

, , . ' 1 '; . ~ 

. 

. . ' ~ . i . : . , . : . : , . . . . 

f .., 

'li .? 

.j, 

gate'to the ashes of oblivion the'evil`wibratio~'s 

. . . 

of western white 

~ , , 

ancestors part~l~e, in the music an 

is vu~at the House of Umo~a 

CO~Chairman Mwananchz rn"ie Mka zmoto 

. . " SJ~1 ; i .t .. . . . . . ' 

. .. . . . . . ~ ~ 

'~i~'--Ci harman B~;~axaat~c~j : Robert Uweza, 

? ;i~ o .~, , . i~ 

na~, ..~5.,. ~ . .`?~ . . :, 

..I. ..L'r~,t'~ ., 

t~~,kla:nd, ~;a'lif: 

1-~t9U:~ .~ ~:~ . 11iViOJ :'- se~ys send 

your° money to help 4-iu~y! 

, 

) ;~ .r : 

~7f7tx,z1 Fi 

:'K .~ T1 .fr ..,,`7 T 

d' ~. ~, i .t" :~

POD~ : ~ N.~G:~10 CONT~. ^ F~ .iS.c ~. ~Lr:N~~S 

iVLi~;:R~ITT ., 

~iC1'a 

:~-=CIaT~. .. ~~i .~L G ~3L~:GIG D1c; 

' 

, . 

. . . . 

Las elecc3ones- ~arsàntes qu¢~ ~~+~ .'~'. ~~~-' 

tuvo recientemente en Ql colegio . c~t 

Merzitt eri ~-~ Ia ciud~-,c~ de Oakland' 

(California 

. ) euando l,a ~~lministra- 

I' ft :, ;^; t " , ~.Ll'.! . 

: 

: : :: 

1 ;. 

: 

c~.on bla~~a ~hterv3.nio e~' ~Y ~~Qid 

car de ~.~ gerlte ri+~g~a en +~~ . gbb~.er~, . . 

no estudiantil ya 

.c >` : .': 

ha acabadcl ~n n~ia 

desastre completo, 

Los blancos racsst=~°s:- ;fan ac~iisac~os ~' 

a que lo,s militantes negros han amentados 

, ~ ' 

. 

i 

a sft s blancos'`'"~ac stas ~ ;,eon 

asesinato a menos que,, .,lo,s blancos 

racistas abandonen 'sus '~ uest~css en" 

eI gobierno estudiantil . Y tamb.ien 

Ios blaricos~~`tie~nen que trata~ `para`' 

que apoyar $u act tud rac~.sta gqr 

Ios negros militaiates ' ~ a ~~Ids m3e~tb-' 

ros de concQjo pr~.ncipal estudiantiI 

amanazar7:os cbh` "asesin,a~tio his= 

ico n , , 

Frti realidad, `la hermana Mak hya ` 

(Harriet Smith,), una militante gegra, 

y la presidents `"de los est idi-' ` 

antes asociados del colegio de Merritt, 

su ~ie~a _, .h.~. es~~ida ameriazada 

pox sus enemigos, y sus hermanos 

militantes desde hosts Los Angeles 

han estados la guardia de corps , de 

ells desde ., e~~onces la elecca.on 

farsante . Segun-mocha per's'oria's es~'' 

tas acusaciones contra los militantes 

negros fuergn fer,~~dcis ~para ~sconder 

los hechos gnn~, . 

' 

~iezori_~ a' Yl~c~,~roh 1tie~klt~, fi'e'sta obra 

fiteton :' exdl~i~do siste~a.t :tcameu~~a, 

: t r ~, : , t ~w, ~ ~ .-, 

, . , 

yes e ~~ ~~ta~'~+~ `'c~on~e '~ a

, th 

T i.LS IS r" tOUa .i:J fll' U1ViCyJta PUBLIC~ "TIDN 

~ a. r v < ~ BL'A~K F(~WER ; ' . 

,~~ : t ~w" y . . 

The first 50ULfOOK cvox,k ;.of ;- .a~ up~and coming young B~:ack 

writer, potent .ally, one, o.F ;~~e best: : ofd: =tl~e .,g~neratiori .'' 

The 19 year-old L~r:othex g yes a to-t~h~~wp~fnt:` review of' 

Regis Debray's Revolution-. in : a Revo3, .itt~iroi~~3r~ ~ with particulax 

emphasis on it,~ .-. alap~ cation in ~E~1a'ck America . ` 

~E PROPAGANpA~D~TA~HM~I~T,;QF THE VIETNAI~SE LIBERATION 

r ;r,ARMY : ., . . . . . . . . '~~alo Nguyen' Giap 

Translated~fxom the Fxench by the SOULBOOK Foreign 

Language Dep,artine~n ;t, ~ this story of the : beg~:nning days 

of the Democratic Republic o~ Vietnam .~:.is~written by~ 

the military and pol tical " genius who masterminded 

the .devasta,t~ng Tet . .Offensxvs last January: 

_,t ` :~ 

Page 23 

. 

' 

_ 

. 

. ~ 

, 

~ 

. 

ON C~N1`12t~T.IZAT ION, , , . , , , , . s : , , , , , , , ; ; L , ,Rola ~c3 Snel lings 

L;rinc~s'~.iiut the .necessity for .-.the creat.i?an .'of ''a Black 

Uni*tec~ . Front, such a~ has ;b:e:en formed i nwWashzngton, 

D .C . . ; ~kie~ S~n .Francis.co Bay, :;l~rea, anx~~Los :Angeles, by 

a Brother wl o worked in Atlanta with- their founder', 

Brothex 5tokely Carmichaclr. . r°. -,- 

REJECT NOT$$ ..: . . , . . . . . . . , . . . ,.,: . . . . . . . . .'" ; ;,; ::I31;ack= ~T,?oets 

yet y~'eopy from 

aUC.-~- .c:.~~ Iiv~xt,~ 

Anothex, fantastic selection .o-f poetr~r fxom the ;'3OUi,~- ` ! 14'B Leavenworth 

BOOK ~P`cietry Department, ; Ine~l~uded is -poetry by ~Hq Chi '~-'~ ~a'n 1='~~ncisco, 

Minh, .. CaroX" ~`reeman (perhaps-,the best poet :of the Black `' Califo'`~°hia'-94120 

South) ~ ., ànd Ernie Mka7.iinoto .(;Allenl,,,l~ational Cow 

i_ : or 

Cha~.rman, of the House~of, .Umaj.a . r : ; .~ r> ~ :' :~ ~ioulbook 

A PR ISON_ DIAP~Y~, ., . . . Q .~ ., . .~ o ;,, .< , . . . , , 

pr'P ;° 

. , , . ;, . . Phan ~ 1Whuah '- ~berkeley, ca 1if94701 

Another fzr °st fpsr, , the,, r,O~,Ji,,~zofl~{ Foreig~a; Langua+~~~ ~ De~~art~~ ; or 

ment, An in¢im,?'Le s°to =l , .pf ~,he early: .l.ife of one ofr the ~e ~raM~m~ 

greatest revo~.it~; :%ona ~.eti, the world has ever known, Presi- 32'45 VJ . C;nica~o Blvd, 

dent Ho Chi Pflinh, ~ . :: ;~, ^"pt 401 

, . L7etroit, ~,r ichi~;an 

FANONIAN IL~EO:L.OGY r:P~nTHL?. FF,ASANTRY, . . , . .Abdelbaki Hermassi 48206 

Translated by SOU'~.BOO C, th7.s is a short revie~b- .of the rev- or 

ol~ationary theories o :~ B:°.o-~her Frantz :Fanon, the great Black L~o~b tAamilton 

writer and psychiata^>~.st 

OfiHER ~~VERSIONS, . . . , , . o , . o . . . , 4 : . . , . . , . . . :- .Ama~,rlAta Aid~iri .~ : 

< :. : . 

One of the short st:a~ies .d~ -tlYe year, this .wa~e~k~~l~y a'' ;' 

young Sister from Ghana reflects the dynamic young 

viewpoints of the SOULBOO&C staff . Fresh and Black, 

A -: , 

CUBA : THE UNTCLD STORY (PART I ) , , . . . . ~ * : Carlos, ~MoaY 

Must, must , MUST be read before you pick up anything va xt "' ,`~ abov'~ i~Ui~ 

. 

. 

' 

. 

. ~ 

, , ; 

. r ; 

p o i~~x 1097 

° 473 V, 152nd 

l~ew Yor1~; Tv " 

_ 

Y . 

Donald F'~reman 

' New' 3chnol ~of 

~'.frci~:rn~r can 

Tl~ou~ht , 

I4t1i-atreet 

Guevara, Castro, or the Cuban revolut:.ic~xn: Written by 'an' m'v' '- 1~T" 'vv 

Afro-Cuban, Part I deals with the background of the Cuban 

. vi!?..s nin~;ton D " G " 

situation, the Black xevolutionaries, and the racism'inherent 

in Cuba from the days when she was a slave port to 

the United States . 

75~

DR . MARTIN KING (Continued #2) 

ti"iolence in the 

wgrld~ ." 

For those who 'kriei~ - the 'man and 

the depth of his non-violent con-" 

~.~ietians, this was the admission of 

grave incertitude and defeat, But 

a dangerous defeat for whom? Least 

nor the Blacks of the ghettos, who 

lead, by their own pressure, pushed 

the apostle of .non»violence to take 

on such a poszt~;.c~n, . :` `Mostly foz the 

white power structfuxe, 

In Autumn, 1966`, Dr, King decided 

'to push his offensive of non»vialence 

in the North by beginning in 

Chicago, He prepared a march on 

Cicerd`(a section of Chicago), then 

calhed it off at :the last minute 

after the local authorities made a 

promise of concessions . 

Two years later, ;, the uprising 

that overflowed in the supportive 

march for the garbage collectors of 

Memphis could no longer afford an 

occasion for suprise . :. . King, in e~- 

~:ect, had to count mo.~g and more on 

pressure excercised by ;$~o~Cely Car- 

~ichael and numexous othex Chris» 

vian leaders of the South ; even 

SNCC had remained non-violent only 

as long as the weight of oppression 

had allowed . 

King himself was walking a tight- 

7_°ope . His is the tragedy of Black, 

liberals,ir~ a society based on ;seg» ; : 

negation . Reduced .to making 'comp-, ! ; ; 

r~mises :from all sides, at the same 

4i~e ._ .h.e ;had to relay the challenge 

;that a new generation :of ~3lacks ,had , : , 

flung at him, _alb, the -.wh l .~ ~~ntQxtwining 

the liberal illusionv that 

the "integrationist,d3.alogue" was 

still po Bible . 

From there we go on to the real 

causes of King's death- ., It .was ,irk- . 

:;erted on the AmeXa.can calendar- :. a : , 

few days before Johnson;'s, : ~ '"peace 

~affensive" in Vietnam ; this was not 

by accident . The "hawks," the American 

army which wa~~ hum lia't.ec~ ,by , , 

a loss of initiative :,,-;~qu.xvalent to . r 

defeat in the famous ~ T~at~}Offensive, 

and the ; tensions betw~e~r~ t~aoae : .wha_ . 

earned their livelihood through the 

nar and those who; ; ~uaoted : ;'.'geaGe", , 

slid not spare this ~. .~la~~C libexal 

.hrham ,:hey had expected, better _of; - . 

In the Herald Tribune editorial 

t:~n pa~ ~ 22 tree title should Ue 

^_ ;;,rb,~,~~:I~y-P~-~-~, instea3 of ^-1VIZi;1~IC:1 ; 

BLACK POWER : Page 2~l 

~if February 24, 1968, a last a,-nd 

grave warning was addressed to King 

on the question of the tylack United 

Font that he and Carmichael had 

farmed in several cities (including 

the San Francisco Bay Area . . . .ed.) : 

"King's poorly thought-out campaign 

coincic~s exactly with the new Lenmist 

stage--and,th~e most:dang;erous 

one-»of the rapid ascension~,of Stokely 

Carmichael towards the-.summit . 

Tn effect, the lattex-,;s3nce :his return 

has been practi~Eing :;th~ ' Len» 

mist tactics of alla.ance, .;between 

revolutionaries and non-revolutionaries 

." 

~v Urr3aed~ with K~.ng, the xevolutionaries 

could take the initiative ail 

the more, as they then : :had at their 

disposal theeBlv~k masse whom King 

could cause to~move intothe struggle 

. With King dead :they (the 

white power) thought they could 

make the "L31ack mdr~stera" leave 

theix "jungles" so bheyr':oould be 

offed by racists . : ;: Kingcs. death 

could serve ~. : . as a ;~us~tification for 

repression against Black '"extrem 

ists ." But, in fact, the revolutionaries 

have shown that with or 

w,i,thout, King they have th+~ ` in tiative 

. . .,if King'had to Pay with his 

life for the difficult" task of 

Black Unification ., . . .in .,the United 

States, his mux~der is .already achieving 

results ; the coming together 

of lack Amexicans is a more fitting 

tribute : to the goal of Martin 

Luther King's life work than all 

the useless eulogies that have been 

wx3tten after ,him. 

Stack Power salute-°~~s gspen~~OZane-bearing body aJ Dr . Kinr~ 

as it readies jpr ~IIR'e hxs taken$,, ,trip . tm.,.A~tanta .

Why must II] ack People un te? °This 

is a question that many Black Amenicarxs 

axe asking themselves today .. 

The .a:nswer is that we ,must unite i~a. 

order : to s, ~ vive,- in order o pr :esen 

:a common" frcar~t to Qux appress4.x"s; 

: . 

Why did the Vietr~amese . un te? Why 

did they feelthey, needed aNational 

Liberation Fr.or~t? I~o all Vietnamese 

have ~~e same interests? 

Let us cake a nook at the Nation-~ 

a~ Libex,atiora .Fxant (NLFj in South 

V3,etnam : ~ Tnsa;de .the front ,you ~r~,'il 

find'Catholics, Communists, Buck- . 

dhists, capitalist,, workers, peas 

ants,, and soei-alis~s . Each group 

has d f~'erent self-interests which 

it vaax~ts-, tci , pxoteot . - Then ,why .do 

Vietnamese corns together? They 

come together because ..r .the~r have 

Y 

r....~..~ .- _ 

~cotamota -interest , wh~.ch ~s more im- , 

portant than all of their d fferen- 

~ "~++I ~ r~+~ err ~rrrrr . 

ces put together, and that interest 

lies in ;seeing ,white. American im- ; 

pezialism driven : . out, of their 

country . No .-one group of Vietnamese 

itself . , whether it be Communest,,or 

:Capitalist, or IIuddhist,, 

or Socialist, is capable .af~dxiv ng 

the ; white. man ,out of . their country, 

The Vietnamese realize ths;t the on,ly 

way to figlat the war is to . join : 

together in a common-front which u~ 

nites all those who can be united, 

and neutralizes or isolates those 

who cannot ox will not be brought 

over . , This-' is the way a united 

frotat works . 

When, we ].ook at our situation in 

the United .~tates, we see that the 

overriding contradiction in Amexiaa 

today is ; that between the Black,Nationalist 

oppressors . No one would 

d+sny that there., are dif~exences 

with the Blank Nation, but just as 

in the ,case of th~x~ Va:etnacrnese, . the 

common interest w-e have is - `the s,.,~:ur , 

v,oval of the Black Nation far ou~cweigli 

these difference's . ;vie have 

Uncle Toms, certainly, but'they-can 

, 

~ 

. 

, 

. 

in . n o~ . ~a,y ?ae co, pared ta, Ch~.ang 

Kai~shsk, because no : :L31ac1~ .g~er sQnr 

in America ~has,~v r "~ws~. .. . ~3~ t3~e 

power which Ch3;ang ,{ai-shek once. 

had. . Arid history shows that even 

though~Chiang Kai-s ek was a trait- 

or to the cause oaE tainese people, 

Mao Tse--tang was able 

to unite with 

him in a common front 

when China 

was invaded b~ Japan in 1935 . 

didN ~-NI'> C3r1aZ'c~a~'FR .;~o,~Qa~.,~, ~Hl~ WktIT~.; N1, 

Q 

i.t~ 

OT N$CF~SARTLY 

~N OF THE , $ATTO~'S 

a~~Y~ r.~ 

.~ OM.Y 

ECTS T~tB P!QS ITiTON 

~.~13 TH .~

~EGAUSk CrARVEY WIR$ A, VERX llRll:4lANT AN'C Y40RlL,;S~'VE YpUNQ NAN . 

"NEYkR-SAY" DtC~' PHILOSCPNY WHICH g~1gWONT KIM Af1R~t6t .ENT POfITI 

NC .WAS 3CNERAI. 

MAMAdER pP A 

4ARGC PRINTINd ~tA1Q~r'~ 

F1RM~ WHEN HC , ~~~ r~~~Q~' 

. 

. 

~WS~ aNI.,Y ~ t tl ~ 

It1:a11TE EN rRa . 

OL D . 

' 

'~' 

oa EpoFOfC 

,~~~~N1~~ 

: ; 

Wl # 4E IN 

~r : .. . 

PQI.I T l ,~~S , d' A,RY~EY6$E~V,ED~ TME, 

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Q'A'RYEY TRAVELED 

TRRp11QM~aWT : THt 

WEST-`~NDIEB . CENTRAL. 

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iRCONOMI C 

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THIAM~ MA,RCt! " Ly 

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AFT

A LOVE SUPREME 

iVA 1NATEGENEZAJI 

FEditorial 

ON UMOJA (UNITY AND CR ITTCISM (FROM THE TEACHINGS OF' 

Recent discussion which has come up among variou's Blac 

concerns the proper role of UMOJA (Unity) and critic m 

for liberation . 

There are Black groups which still criticize 

olently that no room 

tween them . 

~ .y~Pr for fear of breaking 

of UMOJA is that UMOJA 

c riticism which does not lead to UMOJA . 

Contents page 

BLACK MARKETERoeeeeeW ee 2 

SWAHILI LESSON, a e a e , a 2b 

DRUM,eeeveeeoeW,eeWWO 3 

GLOBAL VIEWS, e e e e ,v ,W 4 

BURNING SPEAReeeeeeeee~ W 6 

RHYTHM AND BLO~e:eaeeoe T 

Vol e I~ No, l3- published by : 

HOUSE of UMOJA 

P,O, ];5187 

San Francisco, Calife 

94115 

each othe' 

left open for the purpose ot'c 

the other hand, there are other grou 

scale which .desire UMOJA among Black organizations so Madly that they completely 

lbok.over the differences between them, thinking that ) if d .visiou~s a,re ignored., 

they will somehow disappear by magic (Black or otherwi . e) ~ These xgrou~as are un- 

a1Sle'to criticize either Black organizations or Pilack 

the UNITY of the Black nation, 

without constructive 

r 

weary because we mu st preseMt ~a common :front 

the oppressor, ~' 

litically . At the 

grou~rs' acx',os the na ion 

n our nat a~nal struggle 

so :~~cequt~r~tly and so vi- 

eating boe~c~s Qf UMOJA be- 

s at the other end of the 

ndivxduals when tliey mess 

IT~e position of the HOtJSE 

criticism lis ,just a~ invalid as any 

I 

The fact is that Ilal~ Black pieople need one 

another (even when r~e mess up~',~ because ever~r 

one of us ha s a co on wntexest which is mares 

-..w...~ *.,~.~ 

im ortant than all ~' our diPfe ences_ put to-M 

ether, and that ini~ezest _lies ~in y tie ,surviv 

1 of all Black people . Black UNITY i~s nee- 

s well as 

o- 

cvnsaructiv~ ,

BLACK POWER PAGE 2 

, . 

. 

. - 

. 

BLACK BOYCOTT CONTINUES : 

The Black boycott- of Housewive's chants withoour hard-earned cash a d 

Market is again in lull effect as .of welfare checks when these merchants 

June 22, with the strike now spread- at the same time support the cop , 

ing to major businesses in the down- that wild army of killers which occ - 

town, Oakland area . Followit,y~a shell pies Black neighborhoods . This 's 

and pea game run on the Black Commu- our boycott . Help us continue in o i r 

pity by, white merchants, the &.ACKS, mass$Ve Oakland Strike for Justicel : 

FOR JUSTICE COMMITTEE is asking that BLACKS"FOR JUSTICE is asking that ~ve 

Black people stay completely away boycott the following stores" 

-from downtown Oakland and. .. do t~xeix -, HOUSEWIVE'S MARKET 

shopping elsewhere . In the words o~ gktAN+g 

its dedicated co-chairman and m°bili- MILENS ii 

zation chairman," Mrs Marie 'Walker RED'S TAMALES (Mayor Reading's C 

Johnson, "Our aims and-,goals arse to INGRAM'S FOODS ( ~ - - " 

boycott the whole dity :" OAKLAND 1RIBUNE 

In an exclusive interviewwith SMITH'S 

BLACK POWER : Newspaper,, Mrs . Johnson CAPW~iLL'S 

stated that-for the last two or three FOgTER~g 

weeks .the Committee has been meeting 

with downtown merchants in order .to 

work out a solution to the problems ** Those who want to join the pilckof 

the hard-core unemployed, . miset 

line can contact Mrs . Johnson ~ : 

. 

, 

. 

. , 

: 

slums ofL Detroit, Newark, Ehicago, 

New YorK 

fight f r 

and 

the 

other U .S . cities to 

freedom of the Affo- 

American ." He has .actually spokep 

the m4n oP' many of the Black sol 

diers " ' ~'AS the Black soldiers occupy 

h' of the, U.S . aggressive 

m Vist Nam, the strong antiiments 

among them k~awe seriinteyrated 

the morale'of the 

troops . 

Brothe s who have received firathand 

information f~COm B1aGk soldiers 

are getting themselves together, and 

:vow to shay out of the beast's forces 

at 

treated of Black people by police, 

655-1791 .anytime after 6 :00 P .M . 

and white injustice in the courtroom . 

As Mrs . Johnson Pointed , .out, like 

most cities with Black populations 

throughout America, Oakland contains 

all the ingredients for a full-scale 

HLACK SOLDIERS RESTST 

rebellion . 

WHITE WAR MACHINE . 

lil 

So about a week ago, the LiLACKS FOR Despite close surveihlance by s~e- 

JUSTICfi COMMITTEE in good faith sue- vial agents and fascist suppress on 

pended its boycott of Housewive's by reactionary officers, more a d 

Market at the request _of these mer- more American soldiers have recen ly 

changs in order that these_ mer- stepped up their organized activit'es 

chants could allegedly begin to act against the.U .S . war of aggression in 

upon Black demands for justice . But Viet Nam, according to a report f om, 

Chuck took advantage of the boycott Washington . 

moratorium to advertise on so-called a 

This struggle within has stead ly 

Negro radio stations that- the weakened the fighting capacity of he 

strike had been complately called U,g, Imperialist troops and someti es 

'off, and outrageously low food prices 

were then run . down over the air in 

"by any means necessary" . 

ANAh*WAR CONFO HBLD IN NBNT YORK 

B1ackJpeople from all over the~Unitad 

Sts 

day con : 

to disc 

of solo 

mercenar 

civil wa 

was call 

(National Slack Anti-Wa; Anti-Draft 

Union), passed important resolutions 

relatinf~ to the resistance o! Black i 

youth td the drat, the .hole of Black 

woaen 3~n our national liberaion 

struggle, Black alternatives to the 

draft, hand the relationship of the 

Black atlpcuygie in IIS to other l~bera" 

tion struggles thoughout the ~Th3,rd . 

World ~, . 

One oil! these-resolutions moved that 

NBAWIADU~ pushed for the organizing of 

Black coops for massive rssistanoa 

to whit aggression against ou: :ViOtnamese 

brothers, and that "local 

Black ti-war groups in oeoperaticsn 

with NB~WADU undertake organizing aa- 

tivitie among Black apulflisrs in 

their ~ff-duty hours !or the .purposd 

of creating Black consciousness among 

these coops o that when they leave 

the -mi]~itaxy they will actively par " 

ticipat in the Black libsrration, 

atruggl~' and teach their, military 

skills. ~to.pther members of the Flack 

~ommuni'~y . 

The ~Oaferane®-itetad to mtrengthen 

., seriously hampered : 

. 

the operationlof 

theaU .S : Imperialist war 'machine .~,l 

order to re-attract Black people back Many of the Black soldiers in she 

to the store (the huge loss to the ~U .S, Army, who have tempered th rastore 

in selling at prices below selves and raised their polio al 

wholesale cost is being covered by~ consciousness in the struggle agai st 

downtown merchants) . The huge -in- racial oppression, are playing . a very 

,crease in business (the boycott ha3 important role in this anti- ar 

been over 80% effective went to struggle . As '+second-class piti ze g" . 

Chuck's head,_, and thinking lie had at home and "second-clas3 !oldie s" 

broken the spirit of Black .people, in the army of aggression abro d, " 

es r.$~Cent1Y attended a thsaeerence 

at the Hotel Aiplomat 

ss the threat posed to people 

by the participatiop of 

3,ts ti~s :with other inhabitants of" 

the Thi d World, and resolved ..that. 

Victory forth! peaple "in~Vietnam,isy 

victory for Black people in th~i~~rt~-~ 

t~d Sta'~es . Further information a- 

bout~th activities of NIaAWADU Can be 

obtains by writing the organiastion 

at 100Th Avs Suite 803, Nsa'York, 

New yor~t 1001T 

announced' at a meeting wi h the COmmittee 

several days ago that the marchants 

would now act independently, 

theca Black soldiers have suffeze a 

great deal of oppression and discr en- 

ination . From ; their own bitter x= 

and that " . . .some demands could Possibly 

beiimplemented within two or 

three weeks ." 

Can you digit? The white owners of 

those funky smelling garbage dumps, 

downtown must think that we are stone 

ools : Black people : there is no way 

~or us to support~thgse honky marperience 

of being deprived of free om 

more and more Black soldiers h vs 

seen `through Lyndon Johnson's bra en 

lie about sending them t° Viet Nam to 

"save freedom" . A Black soldier ho 

refused to go to the Far~East to lpe- 

come cannon fodder said : "I show 

'stay in the ,United States, , in ~he 

.'~ 

Y troops in the Vietnamese 

r lThis conference,' which 

ed by the railatant NBAWADU 

ch ck out the nea 

1CK MUSIC pupiiaatipn, 

wr is .for .oop es to 

:pi . , box 883 

ns auk, new ~arsay"

SUPPORT OUR BLACK BROTHERS ; ; ; ; 

On June 4, 1968, three Black Brothers 

from San Jose, Calif, were arrested 

in Washington D, C, on murder charges 

of two white marines, The Brothers 

had come to D, C, on the Poor 

People's March, and even though the 

killing of the Marines was clearly 

done in self-defense, Brothers Hodasi 

(Benjamin Murdock), Cornelius Frazier, 

and Gordon Alexander were indicted on 

charges of first-degree murder, 

Since then Cornelius Frazier, a 

member of the Omega Psi Phi Fraterpity 

at San Jose State College, was 

released from the murder charges, but 

then was immediately charged with 

failure to report a felony in the 

same circumstances, He was subsequently 

released on $5,000 bond, and 

several days ago all charges against 

him were dropped, The other two 

Brothers are still being held in jail 

in Washington with no bond having 

been set, 

The case has received wide public 

attention, both in Washington D.C 

where the event occured, and in the 

San Francisco Bay Area, where the 

Brothers live, The lives and liberty 

of these Brothers are in serious 

jeapordy, aA legal defense team of at 

least three Black lawyers is needed 

to keep two of them from being electrocuted, 

It is highly possible that 

it will be necessary to fight the 

cade to the United States Suprime 

Court in order to save their lives, 

This will require litigation in three 

different courts, and the cost may 

range as high as $25,000 for legal 

defense, 

Black People demand that Brothers 

Hodari and Alexander by set free : : : : : 

We will not stand idly by while the 

courageous young warriors of our Black 

Communities are lynched "Northern 

style", These Brothers need your 

helpd< Contributions may be sent to : 

Brother Ruben Warren 

Basileus 

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity 

335 South 11th Street 

San Jose, California 

or 

Black Militant Legal Defense Fund 

c/o Eastern Regional House of Umoja 

P,O, Box 6652 

Washington D.C, 

BLACK DEFENSE FUND STARTED 

A "Legal Defense Fund for Black Militants 

has been started by Black 

People in the '~lashington D, C, area, 

The kickoff for the project, cosponsored 

by the New School of Afro- 

American Thought and the Eastern Re- 

TRUTH OF WATKINS MURDER REVEALED 

PAGE 2a gLA~K POWER 

ONTARIO -- Ted Watkins, age 26, was born in Chicago, Illinois, studied 

in California and became a football hero, After emigrating to Canada 

five years ago, he played professional football with the Hamilton Tiger 

Cats of the Canadian Football League. He and his wife, Ndthalyn, together 

with their four daughters lived in Burlington,, Ontario, 

He gained prominence in Canada, apart from being a professional football 

player, by speaking out against racial prejudice and discrimination 

and the subtle (and not so subtle} forms in which it exists in Canada, 

He wad instrumental in founding the Afro-American Progressive Association 

. As Chairman of the A,A,P,A, and an active spokesman, his service 

was a vital contribution to the liberation of Black people everywhere . 

On June 2, 1968, Ted Watkins was slain and his brother Clifford was 

wounded by a white store owner and a white clerk, in an alleged liquor 

store holdup in Stockton, California . 

What actually occurred was that Watkins and his brother became involved 

in an argument with the white clerk after the clerk refused to cash a 

small check covering the cost of then purchase (which consisted of pota 

to chips and soft drinks) . When the clerk began cursing his brother, 

Watkins fired on his jaw . The clerk, who has a rep from killing another 

Black man in a former alleged "holdup" attempt, then ,produced a pistol 

from beneath his shirt, In an attempt to disarm him, Watkins lunged across 

the counter at him, and as they wrestled through a plate glass window 

at the front of the store, Watkins was shot twice, After an unsuccessful 

attempt to disarm the clerk, Watkins' brother was wounded in the 

shoulder by a white man alleged to be the store owner, As he fled, two 

more shots rang out from within the store . He was arrested Later in Sacramento 

when he sought treatment at a hospital, Coroner's reports established 

later that Ted Watkins had been shot four times, in the back of 

the neck, in the chest, and twice in the back, Two of the bullets came 

from a ,22 pistol ; the other two from a ,38, 

The secretary of the A,A,P,A,, Jose Garcia, stated that "We in the 

Afro-American Progressive Association refuse to accept the initial reports 

from the white, racist news media of the U,S,A, and Canada, 6Je 

cannot believe that a man ,who earns between x$10,000 and $15,000 per sea 

son as a professional football player would resort to liquor store holdups" 

even had he been uptight financially, Further, such a man would not 

travel nearly 3,000 miles to rob a liquor store in California when the 

liquor stares in Ontario are amply stocked with both money and liquor," 

The murder of Brother Ted Watkins is a great loss for Black people everywhere, 

May we mourn his death, as Jose Garcia has said, in "action 

rather than weeping ." 

gional Office of the HOUSE of UMOJA, 

was a "Night of Soul" benefit at Ed 

Murphy's Supper Club in the heart of 

the D.C, Black ghetto on Sunday, 

July 14, 

Brother Damu Weusi, featured speaker 

and Eastern Regional Ambassador 

to the HOUSE of UMOJA, called for 

.the legal defense fund k "because our 

Black heroes have given their lives 

and their deaths for Black People, 

while we haven't given anything in 

return," 

Iie said that "Black People deserted 

Garvey when the United States, 

Britain, and France caught him up on 

"mail fraud," and we dove under our 

beds while they were pumping bullets 

into Brother Malcolm," He mentioned 

that other Black militants such as 

li, Rap Brown, L.eroi .Jones, Max Stanford, 

Huey f, Newton, and Muhammad 

Ali have not received adequate 

support from Black People in their 

legal battles, Brother Damu explained 

that the initial funds in the 

project would go to Benjamin Murdock, 

Cornelius Frazier, and Gordon Alexander, 

three Brothers accused in the 

slaying of two White Marines in 

a D,C, suburb last month, 

Most of the night was taken up by 

Black entertainment, beginning with 

Black Philadelphia poet Yusuf .Rahman., 

who with a mixture of lights 

"took the audience into a journey to 

their inner selves," He was joined 

by jazz artist Byard Lancaster, whose 

newest album, "Its .Not Up to Us," has 

received favorable reviews all across 

the country, The final act was the 

Carol Joyner African Drum and Dance 

Troupe, -who set the audience handclapping 

and foot-stomping with their 

lively review of songs, dancing, and 

traditional drumming, 

A collection was taken, 

\\\

BLACK POWER PAGE 2b, 

SWAHILI LESSON #1 : THE PRESENT TENSE 

The present tense in Swahili corresponds to the "I am doing," 

"you are doing" tense in English . The verb 'kusema' means "to 'speak :" 

Thus, to form the present tense, we drop the -ku from the infinitives 

We see that the verb is made up of a : 

In practice, this is 

EXAMPLES : 

NOTB ; 

In the monosyllabic verbs, e.g ., kola, kuja, and the verbs kwenda and 

kwisha, the -ku of the infinitive is retained in this tense to make it 

easier to say : 

The present tense in Swahili corresponds to an action in progress . Thus 

in the case !hinasema' we may translate it as either "I am doing" or "I do," 

with it understood that "I do" in this case means that the speaker is doing 

the action right now . 

VERBS FOR PRACTICE : 

For each of the following verbs, form the present tense using "I" and "You" 

as subjects : 

AIUHAI~MAD' SPEAKS ME'WSRAPER 

1.'. ¢~{ EAST 791h iT. CMICA00. ILL. 60919; 

t O 1 YEAR ( 52 issos !~~ 

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . : . , 

'~ q b MOS. {26 issues :< a0 Enter my~ subt,cription to MUHAMMAD 

SPEAKS. Ehdosed is my mohey ordor ; 

i Checkhow you wish to receive LQ MAIL SINSCRIPTION for E : . : . . . ~ . 

~ 1 Muhammad Speaks Newspaper p HOME DELIVERY . . 

~ Names 

f1 ADDRESS . . 

ni-na-sema I am speaking 

u-na-sema You are speaking 

Subject Prefix Tense Sign Verb Stem 

ni na sema 

written as one word : ninasema 

ninafanya Lam doing unafanya You are doing 

ninafua I am washing unafua You are washing 

ninafunga I am shutting unafunga You are shutting 

ninafika I am arriving unafika You are arriving 

ninakuja I am coming unakuja You are 

ninakula I am eating unakula You are 

ninakunywa I am drinking unakunywa You are 

kuleta to bring 

kuweka to put, place 

kungoja to wait 

kuanguka to fall 

kwenda to go (see note) 

kola to eat (see note) 

NDUGU ZAI~U WAMEKUFUAA WAISHI :e 

(LONG LIVE OUR ANCESTORS : :) 

coming 

eating 

drinking 

" +~~ ~~ Please CI ip and Mnil 'to: 

~ Nuey P. Newton Defense funt~ , 

oddr~ss 

1 Plsdy~ ~ 

P .O . BOX 8641 

Emery villa Branek 

Oakl,arld, Galifnmin 

city - 

~ Eindassd Yoer Wilt Pind ; 

...r. .r.~~~.~,.._~ .._- .~ ._ ..._ e

REPORT FROM FUNK CITY ., . 

There are a lot of things which can 

hit you upon first walking behind the 

Reflecting Pool into Resurrection City, 

U .S .A . : 

Some people talk about the mud . It 

is a sea of mud which is everywhere, 

stretching from plywood shanty . t o 

plywood shanty, covering your shoes 

and socks, trailing on your pants, 

and somehow' getting up to your face 

in little brown splatters . It has 

rained on the, average of three times 

a week in D . C . since the Poor People's 

Campaign began in mid-May, and 

'the once-grassy plot where Resurrection 

City now stands has turned from 

bright green to a muddy reddish 

brown . Some of the houses are like 

little islands, completely surrounded 

by water which refuses to dry even in 

the heat . 

Some people first notice the shanties 

themselves . Most were built in 

V-shape up from their plywood flooring, 

with no area to stand in and only 

enough room for bed and belongings 

. Most of the Brothers and Sisters 

do little else but sleep and 

dress in their shanties . Some, however, 

have planned on longer stays, 

and have built up duplexes, three-and 

four-room flats, and even two-story 

ho~xses, all from the original one 

room :"V" plan . Almost everybody has 

slapped some paint upside their shanties 

and the inspirations range from 

"000 Poor Avenue,", "House of Ma~colm 

#1" and "Carl B . Stokes says "Cleveland 

Now :" to the out-of-sight 

paintings of the "Wall of Hunger^ or 

the New Breed center . 

The thing that hits most folks 

first, though, is the smell . Collecting 

garbage for 3,000 people ain't no 

small thing, especially when they're 

living in such small quarters . It is 

a smell of rotting trash., hot mud, 

and the sweat of the people, all increased 

by the 90-degree heat . To~ 

tell the truth, though, it was hard 

for me to tell the smell in Funky City, 

as it's been called, from the 

rest of the D.C . ghetto, where garbage 

pickup by the government has 

been less than perfect . One thing 

you do notice, however, is that there 

are no rats in Resurrection City, even 

though they are a hazard in the 

rest of Washington . Maybe they 

drowned in the mud . ., 

This report was written one 

week before Resurrection City 

was closed down by the enemy, 

and comes to BLACK P06VER exclusively 

by one of our reporters 

on the scene there . 

But the thing I dig about Resurrection 

City is Black People, my people . 

We came from all over the country ; 

from the ghettos of Chicago, from the 

waterfronts of Oakland, from the 

hills of Pittsburgh . It must be the 

first time since we were ripped off 

to this country . 400 years ago that 

these many Black People from these 

many areas have been able to spend 

this much time together . The Sisters 

are fine and the Brothers are strong ; 

there is the constant hum of coming 

and going, 

ing . 

of building, and of liv- 

It hasn't always been pleasant, 

full of Brotherly and Sisterly love . 

A sister was found in the Reflecting 

Pool one morning, her throat cut . An 

immediate problem for the SCLC staff 

was to keep Brothers and Sisters from 

fighting each other, and from stealing 

what little one another had . A 

Love Supreme for our Black People 

does not come by magic, we learned, 

but by a 

example . 

long process of teaching and 

Another problem has been the white 

people . They seem to be everywhere, 

although they are greatly outnumbered 

by the Brothers and Sisters . They 

range from hippies to liberals to 

radicals to the truly poor whites, 

who are without a doubt the nastiest 

people I've seen . Although food is 

free and easy 

non-residents, 

to obtain, even for 

I watched a white man 

from the hills of Tennessee collect 

half-eaten oranges, and sandwiches 

after every meal, stuffing his pockets 

with them . 

"The white man been messing with 

them clouds," an old Brother who 

moved from his D .C . 

home to Resurrec- 

tion City told me . "Ain't rained 

this much in Washington in all my 

life, and I been- .here some time . T 

believe the white man is putting 

something in them clouds to make it 

rain ." 

PAGE 3 gLpCK POWER 

It has gotten so bad that everytime 

a plane flies over Resurrection City, 

a brother groans, "Oh hell it's gonr.a 

rain tonight ." And it usually does . 

At night, under one of the big 

tents, there is entertainment . Sometimes 

it is big Billy Stuart singing 

"Summertime" and wailing on his portable 

organ . Sometimes it is . just a 

local D,C, kid who will someday be 

headlining at the Howard or the Apollo 

learning now where his fans and 

his strength really are . Most of the 

time, it is Resurrection Citv people, 

patting their feet, cJ_apping their 

hands, playing whatever instruments 

they can find, singing spirituals or 

popular rhythm and blues sides . 

It was late afternoon on June 19, 

the day of the giant "Solidarity Day" 

march . The crowds were beginning to 

thin in the summer heat, and the 

speakers were all sounding the same 

as they droned in the background . 

The sister and I walked thigh-deep in 

the Reflecting PooJ., feeling strangely 

along the middle of the giant 

world . Only a few children played at 

the end of the pool . hundreds of 

yards down the way . 

The sister. looked up at the gigantic 

Washington Monument which stood 

on the hill at the opposite end o .f 

the Reflecting Pool . It was huge and 

white, thrusting its cone-shaped head 

up into the vacant blue sky in defiance 

. 

"You know," she said absently, "the 

monument always did remind me of the 

Ku Klux Klan . That's what it looks 

like ." 

And it did, with the little'windnws 

at the top staring out like two beady 

cracker eyes, watching over all the 

niggers in Resurrection City . At the 

other end bulked the massive statue 

of Lincoln, the "big Massah", who 

scowled across the length of the pool 

at the Ku Klux Klan . 

I suddenly remembered what Malcolm 

had said . . 

BRAIN POWER 

BOOKS 

2630 San Pablo Avenue 

Berkeley, California 

Phone : 848-9210 

"Without Brain Power, 

Black Power is only Skin Deep.

BLACK POWER PAGH 4 

~~ab~~ 

E`~S 

MOZAMBIQUfi GUERRILLAS TAKE CARE OF 

BUSINESS -- 

DAR ES SALAAM -- Mozambique freedom 

fighters scored resounding victories 

when they socked it to Portuguese colonial 

troops during the latter half 

of March . 

On March 24, the Mozambique guerrillas 

wiped out almost a company of 

Portuguese troops when they destroyed 

a post at Nambude . They ca~Stured one 

mortar, five sub-machine guns, and 

. 

ZANU MARKS SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF 

ARMED STRUGGLE -- 

DAR ES SALLM - The Zimbabwe peopl e ; 

must intensify the Chimurenga (war of 

national liberation and step up 

their armed struggle until Zimbabwe 

is free, declared the Zimbabwe African 

National Union (ZANU} in a statement 

issued ope month ago commemorating 

the second anniversary of "Chimurenga 

Day ." 

On April 28, 1966, the togetha Zimbabwe 

freedom fighters took up arms 

and engaged the troops of the Smith 

white colonial regime in a fierce 

battle at Sinoia, northwest of Salisbury, 

thus lighting the flames of 

struggle in Zimbabwe . 

I .P . Chihota, C}~ief Representative 

of ZANU in "Ea_

CONGOLESfi (K) STUDENTS DEMONS1RATfi 

AGAINST BOGUE fiDUCATIONAL SYSTEM-- 

CONGO (KINSHASA) . Several hundred 

}secondary school pupils of the Congo 

(K) which is under the control of the 

misguided bxother, Joseph Mobutu, 

held a demonstration in the main 

streets of Kinshasa on June 13 to 

protest against the backwards system 

of education, according to,reports 

from Kinshasa . 

The busy action of the students has 

frightened the chumpist Mobutu regime 

. Its ministers of foreign affairs 

and education rushed to the 

(scene of the demonstration to take 

command of the police in their suppression 

of the student struggle Tin 

demonstrators were arrested . 

"MORE U5 PLANES DOWNED-- 

HANOI -- The North Vietnamese Army 

and people shot down a number of US 

planes recently, according to an announcement 

here . 

At noon on June 3 the army and people 

in Etac Thai province brought 

down one US unmanned reconaissance 

plane . 

The army and people in the .Vinh 

Linh area and the off-shore Con Co 

island brought down five US pirate 

planes on May 31, three of which had 

been accounted for earlier . ' In addition, 

the army and people in Nghe An 

~p;ovince shattered an intruding US 

plane on May 39 . 

A US warship was reported to have 

been hit and set on fire by the shore 

batteries in Ha Tinh province on 

May 29 . 

20,000 STUDENTS ON STRIKE IN TURKEY-- 

PEKING -- About 20,000 students are 

now on strike throughout Turkey, demanding 

reforms in the education system, 

according to reports from Ankara 

. 

The strike started 3n the Ankara 

University, which has B,000 students . 

The students of the faculties of Law 

and Letters of this university occupied 

the buildings of the two faculties 

several days agO . All exits to 

the buildings were blocked . 

The students then announced that 

they would stay put until their demands 

for educational reform were 

fully satisfied . They also demanded 

resignation of the xeaciionary dean 

of the university . 

NBW CABIN&T FORMED IN SUDAN-- 

PEKING -- Ismail fil Azhari was recently 

re-elected president of the 

Sudanese Supreme Council of State ; 

and Mohammed Armed Mahgoub was reelected 

Prime Minister, it was reported 

in Khartoum recently . 

A new Sudanese cabinet was formed 

on June 2 . It includes Prime Minister 

and Minister of Defense, Mahgoub, 

Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign 

Minister Ali Abdel Rahman, Minister 

M®mbors of the North Viotxaneoa Liberation Army 

at a show oP oolidarity in Han~ri 

of the~Interior Hassan Awadatla, and 

Minister of Finance and Economics, 

Sharif Hussein E1 Hindi . 

ALGERIA DECIDES TO NATIONALIZE 18 

FOREIGN COMPANIES-- 

The Algerian government today decided 

to nationalize 18 foreign industrial 

companies . 

These companies are in the cement, 

mechanical engineering, chemical and 

food industries . With the exception 

of an Anglo-Dutch company, all the 

rest are subsidiaries of French companies 

. These companies employ nearly 

3,000 workers with an annual business 

turnover exceeding 300 million dollars 

. 

The new measure follows in the wake 

of the nationalization last month of 

40 foreign companies engaged in the 

distribution of petroleum and gas and 

in the mechanical engineering and other 

industries . 

After .the independence of Algeria 

in 1962, Western capital, particularly 

French capital, still exercised a 

firm control over the Algerian industrial 

and commercial departments . 

Seeking for superprofits, these foreign 

enterprises became a big h3ndrance 

to the development~of ~Alger= 

ia's,national economy . The Algerian 

press agency pointed out in a commentary 

that the nationalization measure 

would reinforce the country, in its 

fight against imperialism in the economic 

sphere . 

DHOFAR LIBERATION FONT PERSISTS IN 

ARMED STRUGGLE AGAINST IMPERIALISM-- 

Cairo -- "Armed struggle against 

imperialism and colonialsim is the 

only way for the oppressed people to 

achieve their national independence 

and sovereignty", said the Dhofar 

Liberation Front's Cairo office recently 

in a statement marking the 

third anniversary of the Dhofar peo- 

PAGE 5'BLACK POWER 

plu s armea revomtion . 

Dhofar is situated in the southeast 

of the Arab Penninsula and on 

its west is the newly independent, 

The People's Republic of South Yemen . 

The statement reiterated that the 

Dhofar people were determined to continue 

their armed struggle until the 

complete elimination of imperialism 

and its lackeys and the liberation of 

Dhofar, no matter how many difficulties 

they may meet . 

PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI RECEIVES 

MALIAN MILITARY DELEGATION-- 

Peking -- Premier Chou En-Lai re- ; 

ceived Mamadou Diakit~, Malian minister 

delegate for defense and security 

to the presidency, and all members of 

the Malian military delegation led by 

him here recently, and had a cordial 

and friendly conversation with them . 

Among those present were comrades 

Huang Yung-Sheng, Hsiao Ching-Kuang, 

and Li Tien-Yu . 

Moussa Coulibaly, charge d'affaires 

and interim of the Malian embassy in 

China, was also present . 

].,200 U.S . TROOPS WIPED OUT IN TAY 

NINH PROVINCE, SOUTI-i VIET NAM 

Hanoi -- The South Viet Nam People's 

Liberation armed forces in Tay 

Ninh province wiped out more than 

1,200 U .S . aggressor troops, including 

an entire battery, during a night 

attack on the U .S . base in Trang Lac 

area on May 21 according to the South 

Viet Nam "Giai Phong" press agency . 

During the battle, 21 enemy military 

cars a number of big guns, and . 

nine heavy machine-guns were destroyed 

; a petrol dump and an ammunition 

dump inside the base were burnt 

down and a radar station, three electric 

generators, several barracks and 

many other war material . All were 

destroyed .

.~ . ~Lnb~ ~~~~~ PAGE 6 

burn~n9 

speAr 

The Culture and Niatory of BLACK Folk 

CHEYE2INE (part 3 ) 

Early the next morning, the Cheyennes 

started North on their 1000-mile journey 

. Of three hundred people, there 

were eighty warriors . They had only a 

few thin ponies and no provisions . On 

the second day of their journey, two 

companies of cavalry caught up with 

them at the Little Medicine Lodge River 

. Little Wolf ordered his warriors 

to hold their fire until fired upon . He 

said ; "I will go out and talk to them . 

If they shoot, I will be the first man 

killed ." 

'From the side of the cavalry, Ghost 

Man, an Arapaho scout shouted, " . . . . .If 

you`will surrender and return to the 

reservation, they will give you rations 

and treat you well ." 

Little Wolf answered cautiously, "Tell 

them that eve do not want to fight ; that 

we will not go back . We are leaving 

this country . I have no quarrel with 

anyone . I hold up my right hand that I 

do not wish to fight with the whites ; 

but we are going to our home to stay 

there . 

Then Ghose Man went back toward the 

troops and Little Wolf followed for 

parley . A soldier shot at him, and the 

fight was on . Cheyennes drove the cavairy 

away from their camp . The next 

morning, the cavalry was beaten off again 

. At noon, the soldiers quit fighting 

in obedience to a bugle call . 

The next morning, the Cheyennes again 

started on their way . On the Arkansas, 

the Cheyennes met a party of hide hunters 

and captured them . They took the 

guns and eighteen buffalo and let the 

men go . Then the Cheyennes feasted for 

the first time since they had come 

south . liven Dull Knife became somewhat 

cheerful . 

The next day, the men hunted and the 

women made breastworks on the love hills 

in back of the camp . The Cheyennes sent 

scouts back who returned after they 

found soldiers following their trail on 

their second day in c .amp . :The_,Cheyenne 

went behind the breastworks and vuaited . 

Soldiers advanced and fired, and the 

I I 

Cheyennes fired back at Little rlolf's 

order--no sooner . The soldiers retreated, 

and that night the Cheyennes left 

that camp and headed further no?:th . 

In the meantime, the telegraph 

wires were buzzing with the messages 

WATCH OUT FOF2 1HE CHEYENNES' . Five 

great forces, a total of 13 thousand 

soldiers opposed the Cheyenne fight . 

Yet even with this message out all over 

the country, the Cheyennes managed 

to sneak right through some . 

troops . Near Oglala, on the South 

Platte, they forded the stream . in 

small grou»s at a point midway between 

two cavalry camps . They wrapped 

their ponies' hooves in .trips of 

blankets to muffle the sound and 

SITTING BULL - HUNKPAPA 

passed within 100 yards of the pickets 

. Once across the stream and away 

from the cavalry camp, they reunited . 

At White Clay Creek, the trail 

forked for the Cheyennes . Dull Knife 

and 150 Cheyennes headed toward the 

Re3 Cloud Agency to surrender . The 

rest continued north . Little Wolf 

did not ~.vant the party to divide,' but 

divide it did ; and Little Wolf set up 

his camp that winter in the Sand ItiOTJSfi OF UMOJA 

Hills . 

Little Wolf's camp was not discov- P " O " BOX 15187 

eyed all winter . Those who were sent ~S~,,rj FRANCISCO, 

to find him gave up . But as Little 

Wo1F pushed on, Clark, who had been . 

at the Red Cloud Agency to find it abandoned 

. Confused by thiG turn o .f 

events, the group continued to Fort 

Ribinson and surrendered there . For 

two months, they staved there happiiy 

until Captain Wessels, the Commanding 

Officer, got this order : SE1QD '1I-IE 

CHEYENNES BACK TD DARLINGTON . 

When Dull Knife was told of this 

order from Washington, he answered : 

"VJe will net go back there to live . 

This is not a healthful country ; if : 

we should stay there we would : ail 

die . We do not wish to go back 

there, and we will not go ." 

For a week, Ca,"Wain,Wessels hammered 

at . the Chief, . trying to make 

him change his mind . Finally, Wessels 

lost patience with the "stubborn 

old fool" and ordered all the Indians 

into a freezing barracks with neither 

food nor water . 7he- thermometer 

stood at 40 below zero . At the end 

of five days and nights the Cheyenne 

broke out of their prison and rushed 

forth into the night . 

The cavalry persued, firing at the 

Indians as enemies of war . A .few escaped 

only to be found themselves 

completely surrounded, they fired upon 

the cavalry with their last three 

shots, eac}r hitting its target . Then 

the cavalry advanced oral the Indians 

rushed toward them with hunting 

knives and anything that could be 

used as weapons . Before the Cheyennes 

advanced many paces ; the soldiers 

fixed, and it was all over . 

Nine prisoners were taken--one man 

and eight women, five of whom were 

wounded . In his report, the command 

ing officer wrote , "The Cheyennes 

fought with extraordinary courage and 

firmness and refused all terms but 

death ." 

The prophecy of the Four Sacred 

~4edicine Arrows came to pass, just as 

it had been told in the, ancient 

times . 

end 

sent out by General Miles . to find SUCCfiSS BOOK STORB 

him, accidentally rap into them . 146 LEAVSNWORTH 

dark --persuaded wolf to -go to:Fort~SAN FRANCISCO CALIF" 

Keogh . General Miles who was in f 

charge of the place made peace with 

the Cheyennes . He suggested that the 

warriors enlist in his army to help 

him roand up the Sioux . Some of the 

Cheyennes welcomed the chance . Little 

Wolf veilded and did as the majority 

did--enlisted . . 

Mea rnvhile, Dull Knife had arrived 

u-N~TY rosTSRS~ 

from the 

HOUSfi OF UMOJA 

available from ; 

$1 .00 apiece 

CALTF" 94115 

TURN(7VfiR BOOKS %I 

(across the street from V 

Merritt College in 0akland)~~ i

BLACK MAN 

(To "Soul Man" by Sam and Dave) 

Want some power 

In the ghetto 

And when I get it 

Ain't gonna let go 

I'm bad and bold 

Ain't 'fraid of nothing 

So don't worry 

Cause I'm coming 

I'm a Black Man 




I got my courage 

The hard way 

And I'm getting bolder 

Each and every day 

So watch me now 

And I'll make a bet 

That you ain't seen 

Nothing yet 





I was brought up 

On a side street 

I learned how to fight 

Before I could eat 

When I hit the Beast 

Just watch him drop 

When I fight Whitey 

Oh I can't stop 





Grap a rope 

And I'll set you free 

All I want 

Is liberty 

I'm a Black man 

FADING AWAY 

(To the tune by the Temptations) 

The Soul of our Slackness, Bm 

When we were in Africa 

Is lost in America 

It's fading away 

Fading away 

Fading away 

And the peace that we used to see 

When we lived in harmony 

Ts gone with our liberty 


Fading away 

Fading away 

We're slaves and it's showing, baby 

We're slaves and it's showing, tell me 

Where is our Soul going? 

Like the time when we ruled the earth 

And we thought we'd proved our worth 

Was ruined by the white man's birth 


Fading away 

Fading away 

And the strength of our father's arms 

The grace of our mother's charms 

Was killed on the southern farms 


Fading away 

Fading away 

We're slaves and it's showing baby 

We're slaves and it's showing, tell me 

Where is our Soul going? 

Like war in old Africa 

Like peace in America 

The Soul of our Blackness, Gro 

Is fading away 

Fading away 

Fading away 

PAGB ~:BLACK POWER 

WES MONTGOMERY 

y

F~2 FiLACK GUERRILLAS weusi 

The first SOULBOOK work of an up and coming young 

Black writer, potentially one of the best of the 

generation, The 19 year old Brother gives a tothe-point 

review of Regis Debrayts Revolution In 

the Revolution ?, with particular emphasis on its 

application to Black America, 

THE PROPAGANDA DETACI~tENT OF THfi VIETNAMESE LIBERATION ARMY 

, .,Vo Nguyen Giap 

Translated from the French by the SOULBOOK Foreign Language Department, 

this story of the beginning days of the Democratic Republic 

of Vietnam is written by the military and political genius who 

masterminded the devastating Tet offensive last January, 

ON CENTRALIZATION, . , Rolland Spellings 

Brings out the necessity for the creation of a Black United Front such 

as has been formed in Washington,D,C the San Francisco Bay Area, and 

Los Angeles, by a Brother who worked in Atlanta with the founder of th 

first two, Brother Stokely Carmichael, 

REJECT NOTES , , . , Black Poets 

Another boss selection of poetry from " the SOULBOOK " Poetry Department, 

Included is poetry by Ho Chi Minh, Carol Freemen (perhaps the best poet 

of the Black South), and Ernie Mkalimoto (Allen), National Co-Chairman 

of the HOUSE OF UMOJA, 

A PRISON DIARY . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . Phan Nhuan 

Another first for the SOULBOOK Foreign Language Department, An intimate 

story of the early life of one of the greatest revolutionaries 

the world has ever known, President Ho Chi Minh of the Democratic 

Republic of Vietnam o 

FANONIAN IDEOLOGY AND THfi PEASANTRY . ., ., ., ., . ,Abdelbaki Hermassi 

Translated by SOULBOOK, this is a short review of the revolutionary theories 

of Brother Frantz Fanon, the great Black writer, revolutionary, and 

psychiatrist, 

OTHER VERSIONS , ., . . , . . . . ., . ., . . . . . , . ., . ,Ama Ata Aidoo 

One of the short stories of the year, this work by a young Sister from 

Ghana reflects the dynamic young viewpoints of the SOULBOOFC staff, 

Fresh and BLACK . 

CUBA : THE UNTOLD STORX (PART 1), ., . . ., , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,Carlos Moore 

Must, must , MUST be read before you pick up anything about Guevara, C 

Castro, or the Cuban Revolution, Written by an Afro-Cuban, Part 1 deals 

with the background of the Cuban situation, the Black revolutionaries, 

and the racism inherent in Cuba from the days when she was a slave port 

to the United States, 

get yo copy from : 

SOULBOOK 

Bobb Hamilton 

P,O, Box 1097 

Berkeley, Cal if, 

94701 

SUCCESS BOOKS 

146 Leavenworth 

San Francisco, Calif, 

94120 

473 W, 152nd Street 

New York, New York 

Le Graham 

3245 W, Chicago Blvd . 

Apt 401 

Detroit, Michigan 

48206 

Donald Freeman 

New School of Afro- 

American Thought 

2115 14th Street N,W, 

Washington, D,C, 

20009 

SOULBOOK is a HOUSE OF UMOJA publication

criticism dixected towards members of the 

B1ac~common front is absolutely essential if 

the TTY is to lead ~o a positive end (the 

libexation-bf Mack people) . UMOJA without a 

meant to haxness the evil spirits of disunity,' 

vehich constantly attempt to disrupt the foxces 

of 81aok harmony, is an UMOJA planted u upon,' 

shaky earth, . 

With this in mind, Brothers and Sister , it 

must be said that the xecent remark that_'"e~ 

very Negro is a potential traitor" cumin"g ; to ; 

us'from certain quarters is a very dangezous 

concept . it runs counter to the fact that it 

is the masses of peopJ.e (not "leaders", who 

take ideas from the masses only to,give them 

back in sys"tematized form) who bring int©' ,exi 

tence the forces of change uppn the face of 

the earth :` lt_~.s dangerous because it pulls 

its insp~:ration NOT from Black people, :'ki+ut 

from the'oppressor,,who has been jamming'sim- . ; 

ilar ideas df . distrust in~a the corners,, .of ~' 

our` brains for over three hundred ,years . Who 

does thes idea benefit?? If 'pushed to tslogical 

conclusion, this concept would poison 

any and every basis fox `the foxmatio'n gf.UMO- 

JA among $lack people throughout the U.S . ; 

and the reflections of its evil 'vibrations 

would cast their spell upon all the oppressed; 

of the planet,. Only , the oppressor ~youLd-ben=' . 

efit : 

Realiz ng that MAN is bound by the concrete, 

objective realities of the UNNETt5B, it is 

o 

p.o . box 15187 

san francisco 

PAGE 9 ~IA~I~ Pa'W~k 

a] .so' true that if the i.dsaaas which he exp~xesses 

fall shoat of these bo~xn.c]aries, the unnatural 

barrier® of , tae m3;nd which he him$el~ 

has set up will at bef~ hinde~x his gxoW~h, ainc 

at worst, threatcan ~i~ survival :",, If we sera 

to believe that "evezy Nagra is a potential 

trtr~tor," , an idea which mini find snppo~t . it 

certain isolated circumstances, but wk~ich it 

geheral is certainly untxue, we wou7 ;d never 

be'able .to move beyond this synthetic ba~x e~ 

which we our elves have cotastruGted out ~a~ 

our own colonial mentalities . We woul d re " 

main slaves not only to this idea,' but to the 

powers which oppress us . . . 

Brothers and Sisters : Let us~ move to sta:n~ 

out the' mental swamps imp~.inted by slaver3 

and ueo-slavery upon the good Bl,a.ck moil' oy 

good Shack minds. Criticism mint beg q fires"i 

with self-cr _ticism , . and it must he carnet 

out in a, way which brings about .UMOJA of sel~ 

and kind . `The HOUSS o~ UMOJA ex~.sts for _the 

pur.pase of bringing about the UNIT'S and LIB" 

SRATION of all Mack people . All of - us wil] 

overcome our hangups, and Black people wil] 

win : : That's how . bad we are: : 

Ndarnase anal Nlkal moto 

Co-Chairmen, ,IiOUS~i, of UMOJA 

fihe, Journal of Black Po®t 

Y3 PUBLISHED F08 ALL BLACK P$O~LE 

EYEHYWH: 

BLACK 

POETRY 

ESSAYSARTNEWSPHUTOG 

RI~PFIY 

BLACK 

X1 .00 per oopy . . . . . .~3 ..80 pmr s.~sr 

isoa M ay Ave. ~~ 

$AN t~'RANCIQ~I~,,C~A,,9~117

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(]~ ," t~~~ ~~~t£m~~e 

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---` _---" 

.~-' --'~~ .'r-~ ' 

', 

`~`~'~ ` . ~~~~^

Black Panther Party of Northern California - Freedom Archives

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