Early angiosperms from the Lower Cretaceous of Jixi, eastern ...

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110 The early angiosperms of Jixi, China seem to be a ‘link’ in the evolution of early angiosperms which connects the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian^Albian) angiosperms in the NE Asian regions such as those from the Dalazi Formation of NE China and from the North Suchan Formation of South Primorye, Russia; to the early Early Cretaceous or Late Jurassic angiosperms such as those from the Yixian Formation including Archaefructus, the earliest known angiosperm reproductive megafossil material (Sun et al., 1998). Since the Chengzihe Formation yielding the early angiosperms consists of marine and non-marine alternate deposits that can be dated as Hauterivian or perhaps Valanginian to early Barremian (Sun et al., 1992b; Sun, 1995), the early angiosperms can be regarded as index fossils or standards for biostratigraphic correlations in geological mapping or prospecting for sedimentary mineral resources including coal, natural gas or even oil in Northeastern Asian regions.Moreover, since the associated plants with the early angiosperms in the Chengzihe Formation of Jixi are thermophilous and hygrophilous, in general, and most of them are coal-forming plants, the Jixi early angiosperm study should also be helpful in the reconstruction of paleoclimates, paleogeography and paleoenvironment in eastern Asia during the Early Cretaceous. 5. References quoted in Fig. 3 Brenner, 1963; Doyle and Hickey, 1976; Franks, 1979; Hattin and Siemers, 1978; Kimura, 1975, 1980; Kimura and Ohana, 1990; Krassilov, 1967; Markevich et al., 2000; Retallack and Dilcher, 1986. Acknowledgements G. Sun, D.L. Dilcher / Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 121 (2002) 91^112 The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) for their support to Projects 39370055, 39779959, 39970050 and to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) for their supporting Project KZ952-S1- 426; and to the Florida Museum of Natural His- tory, and the Becker-Dilcher Endowment Fund of the Florida Foundation, University of Florida, and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica (NIGPAS) for their kind support to the present co-operative work.Many thanks are extended to Profs. Zheng S.L., Piao T.Y., Shang Y.K. and Mr. Li C.T. for their help in the ¢eld work; to Drs.G.Brenner, Wang X.F. and Ouyang S. for their help in the pollen study; to Mr.T.A.Lott, M.Muller (UF) and Mao Y.Q. and Li G.J. (NIGPAS) for their assistance in manuscript preparation, photographing, illustrations and SEM work.Thanks to Zlatko Kva›cek and Masamichi Takahashi for their thoughtful and helpful comments in the review of this paper. References Brenner, G.J., 1963. The spores and pollen of the Potomac Group of Maryland.Bull.MD Dep.Geol.Mines 27, 1^215. Brenner, G.J., 1996. Evidence for the earliest stage of angiosperm pollen evolution: a paleoequatorial section from Israel. In: Taylor, D.W., Hickey, L.J. (Eds.), Flowering Plant Origin, Evolution and Phylogeny.Chapman and Hall, New York, pp.91^115. Brenner, G.J., Bicko¡, I.A., 1992. Palynology and age of the Lower Cretaceous basal Kurnub Group from the coastal plain to the northern Negev of Israel.Palynology 16, 137^ 185. Crane, P.R., Friis, E.M., Pedersen, K.R., 1995. The origin and early diversi¢cation of angiosperms.Nature 374, 27^33. Crepet, W.L., Nixon, K.C., 1994. Flowers of Turonian Magnoliidae and their implications.Plant Syst.Evol.8 (Suppl.), 73^91. Crepet, W.L., Nixon, K.C., Gandolfo, M.A., 2000. Turonian £ora of New Jersey.In: VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystem.Asoc.Paleontol.Argent. Publ.Espec., Buenos Aires. Dilcher, D.L., 1974. Approaches to the identi¢cation of angiosperm leaf remains.Bot.Rev.40, 1^158. Dilcher, D.L., 1979. Early angiosperm reproduction: an introduction report.Rev.Palaeobot.Palynol.27, 291^328. Dilcher, D.L., 2000. Toward a new synthesis: major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record.Proc.Natl.Acad. Sci.USA 97, 7030^7036. Dilcher, D.L., Crane, P.R., 1984. Archaeanthus: an early angiosperm from the Cenomanian of the western interior of North America.Ann.MO Bot.Gard.71, 351^383. Dilcher, D.L., Farley, M.B., 1988. Cenomanian miospores and co-occurring megafossils in the Midcontinent of North America.7th International Palynological Congress, Brisbane.Abstracts, p.39.
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Page 1 and 2: Abstract Early angiosperms from the
Page 3 and 4: G. Sun, D.L. Dilcher / Review of Pa
Page 7 and 8: Angiospermae Dicotyledonae G. Sun,
Page 11 and 12: veins poorly preserved, arising fro
Page 13 and 14: Discussion: The present species is
Page 15 and 16: entire.Petiole about 4.5 mm long.Mi
Page 17 and 18: only from dispersed pollen grains.I
Page 19: pened to fall across one another.If

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