Toward a Comparative Japanese-Austronesian I Takao Kawamoto

24 Takao Kawamoto
3) Often m
4) Usually 0
5) Often {lu\
6) Usually {°u\
7) Sometimes a
8) Usually 6
7/CVCV_# (7.ll ; 7.16 ; 10.4 ; 14.8 ; 15.15 ; 15.16 ; 30.ll ; 36.2)
N/#_VN(G)V (1.64 ; 3.5 ; 4.27 ; 4.28 ; 7.1 ; 8.6 ; 8.22 ; 10.8 ; ll.14...)
V/#C__N(C)V (1.36 ; 1.44 ; 4.27 ; 7.4 ; 7.6 ; 8.6 ; 8.22 ; 12.ll ; 12.25...)
6/C_Ca, CaC___(1.46 ; 2.8 ; 2.9 ; 4.1 ; 4.28 ; 5.1 ; 5.8 ; 8.2 ; 9.4...)
6/CaC_ (7.20 ; 8.6 ; 9.1 ; 25.9)
u/C_C6, C6C__ (1.15 ; 4.19 ; 4.21 ; 12.5 ; 15.9 ; 16.9 ; 28.27)
9) Sometimes -f°\ : o/CwC_, C_Cu (1.37 ; 8.14 ; 31.8)
10) Usually o: m/C_| (1.2 ; 1.36 ; 1.71 ; 1.76 ; 4.10 ; 5.13 ; 6.1 ; 10.ll ; 12.13...)
The numbers in parentheses refer to the examples in the list of words below (§2),
but they are not exhaustive.
1. 3. OJ PHONEMES AND SYLLABLES AND LIMITS OF THEIR COMBINATION.
The following combination of phonemes never occur in OJ : any dental+if; any dental+8 ;
w+i, w+e, and zv+u. No bilabials combine with b to form a monosyllabic morpheme.
OJ syllables are always open : V or CV. Neither VV nor CC occurs. Generally I and
e occur only word-finally, and 6 does not usually co-occur either with a or with u in a
morpheme. No two Cos may be consecutive within a morpheme.
1. 4. VOWEL AND CONSONANT ALTERNATION IN MORPHEMES. In addition
to the correspondences and the exceptional rules, it is necessary to consider that both in
OJ and in PA a morpheme may often have its variant form with the alternation of vowels
or consonants.
1. 41. VOWEL ALTERNATION. OJ examples a~b : madaki premature, mbdbki
a plant similar but inferior to another; w~z : (kinb)fu (yester) day, fi day, sun; w~6:
kurum-i to wrap, kbrbmb robe.
PA examples a~u : karkar, kurkur kratzen ; a~e : kabal, kebel Unverwundbarsein ;
a~i : kaskas kratzen, kiskis schaben ; u~i : ubaq, ibaq anderssein ; u~e : su(m)pit, se(m)pit
engesein.
1. 42. CONSONANT ALTERNATION. OJ examples f~w~m :fase be quick, wase
early-ripening, ModJ mase precocious ; £~y~« : itami, yami pain ; taka tall, naga long ;
s~y*~n; isa, iya, ina no! ; r~y~n: -raka, -yaka -like; ara, ana alas! ; f~b: afaki excavate,
abaki expose (secret) ; k~g: faki wear (socks), fagi-put (feather) on (a stick to
make an arrow) ; £~s: tane, sane seed; t-r: mato, maro round.
PA examples p~b*~m: pajjpayi aus einander stehen, barjba-q ausgebreitet; baya
offenstehen, marqa Vulva ; t~d~n : tektek abhacken, dakdak mit Hammer schlagen ; tipis,
nipis dunnsein ; k~g~y : tcrqkap, tatjgap ergreifen ; pakan Futter, pa-yon Essen ; l~n :
lamuk, namuk Miicke ; t~z : ta(m)bat festbinden, za(m)bat zugreifen.