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THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 1983 

ww••■1 

Holocaust's Survivors 

Planning a Time to Talk 

By BERNARD WEINRAUB 

Special to The New York Times 

WASHINGTON, March 15 — Why 

Washington for a gathering of Holocaust 

survivors? 

Benjamin Meed responded excitedly: 

"Washington is not only the capital 

of the United States, but the capital of 

the world. Washington is the city 

where the national Holocaust memorial 

will be built. Washington is the 

city where the American survivors of 

the Holocaust would want to express 

gratitude for their new lives." 

In a city where conventions are 

commonplace, a most unusual gathering 

is to take place next month, an assembly 

of about 15,000 Holocaust survivors 

and their families who will exchange 

memories, recall acts of 

resistance by Jews against their Nazi 

oppressors, honor the 40th anniversary 

of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising 

and pay tribute to the United States 

for giving the survivors new lives. 

Several events in connection with 

'This will all be 

a very emotional 

experience.' 

—Benjamin Meeci, 

Holocaust survivor 

the April 11-14 gathering will center on 

the second generation, the children of 

survivors. "We will try to complete a 

national register of all the survivors 

who are living in the United States, 

and we Will find out the places they 

came from, where they were liberated 

from and who their children are," 

said Mr. Meed, a New York businessman 

who lived in the Warsaw Ghetto, 

survived as a youth by posing as a 

non-Jew and came to the United 

States in 1946. 

"The problem we have now is that 

we are losing a very large percentage 

of survivors," Mr. Meed said. "Years 

ago we met at weddings and bar mitzvahs. 

Lately we meet at funerals. So 

we would like to leave a record about 

who are the survivors and who are 

their children." 

There are at least 45,000 concentration 

camp survivors in the United 

States, and the visit by many of them 

to Washington will include a ceremony 

on the Capitol steps, seminars 

and an evening commemoration ceremony 

that grew so large it was moved 

from the Kennedy Center to Constitution 

Hall and finally to the 20,000-seat 

Capital Center. Normally the center 

would cost about $150,000 to rent, but 

the owner, Abe Pollin, has donated the 

space. Both President Reagan and 

Vice President Bush are expected to 

participate in the gathering. 

Many of the visitors are staying in 

Washington hotels, but others have 

been invited, through local synagogues, 

to stay at 1,500 homes in the 

city and suburbs. 

"This will all be a very emotional 

experience," said Mr. Meed, who declines 

to give his exact age but is in his 

60's. "We will, I'm sure, have dramatic 

encounters. People will find 

each other after 30 or 40 years. People 

are still searching not only for survivors 

but for a bit of information about 

their parents, about their relatives, 

about where they died." 

Mr. Meed was one of several survivors 

who organized the World Gathering 

of Holocaust Survivors in Jerusalem 

two years ago, at which many 

Holocaust victims met for the first 

time. . 

`So Many Different Reasons' 

"We are coming here for so many 

different reasons," said Mr. Meed. 

"We are coming here to show that it 

was, yes, six million who died, but 

also a culture, a way of life that was 

wiped out. We would like to show that 

we did resist. We would like to bring 

the message that the world knew and 

the world didn't do anything. We 

would like to show that the lesson of 

Nazism is that you can terrorize a people 

and what happened to us can happen 

again. To another group." 

"We are coming to express our good 

will," he added. "But we also want to 

tell people not to forget what happened 

and don't allow it to happen to 

anyone else." 

One scheduled highlight of the gathering 

will be the official transfer from 

the Government to the United States 

Holocaust-Council of two vacant brick 

buildings near the Mall for a Holocaust 

museum. Completion of the museum, 

expected to cost $30 million to 

$40 million, is scheduled for mid-1987. 

Plans for the Museum have been organized 

by the council, an independent 

Federal agency set up by Congress 

to help raise private funds for the 

project. 

Officials of the council say the museum 

will serve as a tribute to all victims 

of the Holocaust, Jewish and non- 

Jewish alike. 

"Actually what will happen when 

we all gather is a dream for me," said 

Mr. Meed. "No one is asking what the 

program is. We all just want to be to. 

gether, rub shoulders, see faces. We 

don't know how much longer there 

is." 

twargirM11.1.— AMIN

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April 18, 1985 

Capitol Rotunda 

Washington, D.C. 

12:00 Noon 

Days of Remembrance, 1985 

The United States Holocaust Memorial Council 

40th Anniversary of Liberation

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sohitiorlOCESSIONAL MUSIC 

Niw Ll'INTRODUCTION 

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DAYS OF REMEMBRANCE 1985 

40th Anniversary of Liberation 

MARKS i4061. 04/ 

6C'eJ,_ 

REMARKb 

National Civic Commemoration 

April 18, 1985 

Capitol Rotunda 

Mai 


12:00 Noon 

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INVOCATION 

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The U.S. Army Band (Pershing's Own) 

COL Eugene W. Allen Conducting 

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The Honorable Mark E. Talisman 

Vice Chairman, 

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council 

onorable Benjamin Meed 

Co-Cha man, Days of Remembrance 

Commit ee, U.S. Holocaust Memorial 

Council 

&et An#7444 

rable Claiborne Pell 

ited ates Senator and Mem T"'4 

U.S. Hol caust Memorial Council 4114.4 

The H norable Sigmund Strochlr"I tz 

Co- airman, Days of Remembrance 

C mittee, U.S. Holocaust Memorial 

ouncil 

1 REIVIARKS 

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The Honorable Stephen J. Solarz 

United States Congressman and 

Member, 

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council

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COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS 

TROOPING OF REGIMENTAL 

COLORS OF U.S. ARMY UNITS 

INVOLVED IN LIBERATION 

The U.S. Army Band 

Cantor Isaac Goodfriend 

Member, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council 

MSG Bill Fox, Narrator 

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The Honorable John 0. Marsh, Jr. 

Secretary of the Army 

LIGHTING OF MEMORIAL CANDLES 


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The Honorable Elie Wiesel 

Chairman, U.S. Holocaust Meniorial 

Council 

The Honorable George P Shultz 

Secretary of State 

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001, KADflISH 

Oih d 41,4A 160 

Sam E. Bloch 

Chairman, Board of Advisers, 

U.S. Holocaust Memorial= 

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DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20520

1E1 1113111tIESS 

EPARTIMENT OF STATE 

No. 75 

April 18, 1985 AS PREPARED FOR DELIVERY 

REMARKS BY 

THE HONORABLE GEORGE P. SHULTZ 

SECRETARY OF STATE 

BEFORE THE 

HOLOCAUST COMMEMORATION 

CAPITOL ROTUNDA 


April 18, 1985 

For furthier iniforrnotlion contact:

As the 40th anniversary of the Allied victory in Europe 

draws near, we in America remember not only the triumph of our 

soldiers and the peace-loving nations of the world, but the 

rescue of the Jewish people from the Nazi evil. 

Every year thousands of Americans visit the memorial to tho 

victiII- of the Holocaust at Yad Vashem. I myself will be going 

there next month. The images of Jewish suffering at Nazi hands 

still burn in our memories. We will never forget, and the 

world must never forget, the inhumanity of which mankind is 

capable when it disregards the sanctity, the dignity, and the 

human rights of all men and women. Our nation shared the grief 

of those who had survived the concentration camps. We mourned 

for those who had not. And we made one very simple pledge: 

Never again. 

Today we are assembled to pay tribute to the American 

soldiers who liberated the prisoners of Nazi concentration 

camps toward the end of the Second World War. Nothing we say 

here can have much significance compared with the noble and 

selfless act of those American liberators. When those soldiers 

walked into the camps and saw the horrors wrought by Nazi 

fanasm, they recognized at once the enormity of the evil 

they had just conquered. And they forced the world to 

recognize it, as well.

- 2 - 

Never has civilization been confronted by such an 

unmitigated, monstrous evil as Hitler's Nazism. Never have the 

will and strength of the democracies been so severely 

T1II4!t!II• 

Never has one people been singled out for such 

grievous suffering at the hands of their fellow human beings. 

The rise of Nazism, and most particularly, the ruthless 

murder of six million Jews, together dealt an almost 

devastating blow to all our most fundamental hopes for the 

modern world. Those who prior to the war had maintained their 

faith in the possibility of human progress, in the idea that 

with high culture and high civzation would come the end of 

man's inhumanity to man, those who had envisioned the day when 

respect for the dignity, the sanctity, and the human rights of 

every individual on earth would be universal -- all of us who 

shared these dreams were stunned by the Holocaust. We 

castigated ourselves for the world's collective failure to stop 

it sooner. And after the war, after the concentration camps 

had been liberated and the bodies of the dead had been buried, 

we all promised ourselves that next time it would be 

different. Never again would we allow a monstrous evil to go 

unchallenged. Never again would we appease the aggressor. 

Never again would we lose sight of the fundamental moral 

principles upon which our free society depends.

- 3 - 

The men who liberated the camps in a sense liberated the 

world, as well. They put an end to the physical tragedy, 

though they could not put an end to the spiritual anguish. We 

will never forget the atroces committed by Hitler, and we 

will continue to pursue the criminals who carried out his awful 

designs. We will bring them to justice no matter how long it 

takes. 

the Americans who liberated'the camps four decades ago 

also gave us hope. They made it possible for us to look 

forward, to start again, to begin to restore our faith in the 

possibility of a better world, even while the memories of the 

recent horrors lived on. They offered a new chance for all 

peoples in all nations to join together in defense of 

humanity. These brave men showed that the evil ever-present in 

mankind can be confronted and eventually defeated by an even 

more powerful devotion to justice and the will to sacrifice for 

a greater good. 

We must never forget that lesson. 

The principles that the rescuers upheld, and for which many 

gave their lives, continue to animate heroic idealists of our 

own day, whose consciences will not permit them to acquiesce in 

injustice.

- 4 - 

It is the principle summed up by one of the spiritual mentors 

of the American Revolution, Edmund Burke, when he said: "The 

only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to 

do nothing." 

When Andrei Sakharov denounces the systematic denial of 

human rights by Soviet totalitarianism, and exchanges a 

position of honor and comfort in the Soviet elite for a life of 

persecution and exile, he honors the example and the memory of 

those who have fought tyranny and liberated the oppressed. So 

do the brave individuals administering the funds provided by 

Alexander Solzhenitsyn to aid the families of Soviet 

dissidents. And Anatoly Shcharansky's courageous stand against 

the Soviet police state is a testament to the human will. He 

not only endures, he prevails through his example to others. 

We have seen the spirit of the rescuers in the mothers of 

Buenos Aires' Plaza de Mayo, who protested the disappearance of 

their children week after week, year after year -- even after 

some of their own numbers "disappeared" -- until democracy was 

reborn in Argentina. And that spirit lives on today in the 

acts of those courageous South Africans, of all races, who have 

sacrificed -- sometimes their privilege, sometimes their lives 

-- to protest and expose the cruelties of apartheid. 

,

4- PR NO 75 

- 5 

Thank God most Americans have never had to face choices 

like this, but a few of us have. One who did was an American 

officer who was captured during the Vietnam war and survived an 

8-year ordeal in a North Vietnamese POW camp. As Admiral James 

Stockdale put it: 

From this eight-year experience I distilled one 

all-purpose idea It is a simple idea. An idea as old 

as the Scriptures, an idea that naturally and spontaneously 

comes to men under pressure. That idea is, you are your 

brother's keeper. 

The magnitude of these injustices, I repeat, is not the 

same. They cannot be equated with Nazi genocide, which was 

unique in the annals of human depravity. 

But the principle applies universally: We are our 

brother's keeper. We must never turn a blind eye to the 

sufferings inflicted around the world. We must always,draw 

strength and inspiration from the courage and altruism of the 

rescuers. 

And we must never delude ourselves. Mankind's capacity for 

evil did not die in the bunker with Hitler.

- 6 - 

We see evil in the world all around us, in efforts to impose 

totalitarian authority on unwilling peoples, in efforts to 

subjugate, suppress, and sometimes vanquish entire races, 

classes, and religions. 

The legacy of the rescuers admonishes us all to stand up 

and fight back. 

The memory of the American liberators will live on forever, 

as will the memory of the evil they put an end to. We can only 

be thankful, and proud, that Americans were willing to make the 

ultimate sacrifice to defend freedom and the rights of 

mankinS . May we always have the courage, and the vision, to 

I- -t such 

challenges. Only then can the better world we all 

seek become a reality.

• 

0 

11 

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April 18, 1985 

REMARKS OF REP. KEMP 

SPECIAL ORDER 

ON THE HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL 

Today I joined my colleagues, friends and survivors of the 

Holocaust in the Capitol Rotunda to help commemorate the 40th 

anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps. It 

was an indescribably moving ceremony in which the regimental 

colors of the liberating troops were presented to the U.S. 

Holocaust Memorial Council, Sam Bloch led the Kaddish, and the 

Partisans' Hymn was sung by Cantor Isaac Goodfriend. 

We remember and commemorate the victims of the holocaust. By 

doing so we accept the obligation this memory places upon us to 

help prevent this evil from ever occurring again. The U.S. 

Holocaust Memorial is a memorial to those who died, and a 

reminder that eternal vigilance is required so that the potential 

for evil within humanity is not realized. 

My colleague from New York and Member of the Holocaust Memorial 

Council spoke eloquently on the lesson that the U.S. has learned 

from the holocaust. He pointed out that where we had once turned 

our backs on the Jews of Europe, we have participated in the 

rescue of the Jews of Ethiopia, where we were once indifferent to 

the fate of the Jewish people, we now provide the support which 

makes possible the survival of the Jewish homeland. 

I would also like to quote from the heartfelt words of Secretary 

of State George Schultz, who said "The men who liberated the 

camps in a sense liberated the world as well. They put an end to 

the physical tragedy, though they could not, and we should not,

put an end to the spiritual anguish. We will never forget the 

atrocities committed by Hitler, and we will continue to pursue 

the criminals who carried out his awful designs. We will bring 

them to justice no matter how long it takes." 

Our good friend Elie Wiesel reminds us that we must invoke the 

past to preserve the future, that there lesson in 

remembering, that if we forget we too will be forgotten, but if 

we remember we too will be remembered. Elie accuses the enemies 

of World War II of killing their victims twice, the second time 

by burning the corpses and distributing the ashes. I concur and I 

go on to say let's not kill a third time - by forgetting.

April 18, 1985 


SPECIAL ORDER 


Today I joined my colleagues timid friends it-r°4441tvrt•' in 'He C3piMPIT1IfIn5 gli(1 

a 

41W 

toRtmemorate the 40th anniversary oftliiberation of tle w.6o.44.w.s "4.'0646' 

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We remember and commemorate the victims of the holocaust. By 

doing so we accept the obligation this memory places upon us to 

11.;. dir4Aprevent 

evil from I- •• The .. I lo 

A 

Memorial is a memorial to those who died, and a reminder that i:t444ti 

4 Mt 

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0Ili % thc_r_p_.-i-c—iropony ) the potential for evil within t i , i„10.4:" 

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(*good friend Elie Wiesel remindes us that we must invoke the 

d■ 

past for the sake of the future, that there is a lesson in 

44tY PliftAPN4• 44 ivf 

remembering, that if we forget we too will be forgotten. Elie 

istioit( 

accuses the enemies of World War II of killing their victims 

twice, the second time by burning the corpses and distributing 

CO/WA- __ 0411 

the ashes. I ag.a.pleom^ say let's not kill detrefft a third time 

by forgetting. 

;141- 

,4„ek_

April 18, 1985 


SPECIAL ORDER 


Today I joined my colleagues and friends in the Capitol Rotunda 

to commemorate the 40th ann iversar if iberation of the victims 

g ceremony in which the 

c)-I4 i t.iT, i romps were presented to _the 

401/1" %member aftelXerat e the v ms of tne Lolocaust. by 

doing so we accept the obi igation 1-)t-s memory places upon us to 

prevent evil from being tr iumphant :ain. The U.S. Holocaust 

Memorial is a memorial to 

those who 

led, and a reminder that 

there is always the potent ial 

responsibility to ensure that 

only by not remaining silent 

prevent evil. 

within us. It is our 

ns dormant. We can do so 

by when we can act to 

My good friend Elie Wiesel 

past to preserve the future, 

remembering, that if we forg 

that we must invoke the 

ti- re is a lesson in 

too will be forgotten. Elie 

accuses the enemies of World V, II of killing their victims 

:N 

twice, the second time rning the corpses and distributing 

klk 

—)s the ashes. I agree. 

not kill them a third time -

• 

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4 THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1985 

By PHILIP SHENON 


WASHINGTON, April 19 — As the black limousine 

swung round the corner and up along New Jersey Avenue, 

Elie Wiesel, unsmiling, stared toward the Capitol. 

His wife, Marion, broke the silence. "If there is one 

primary emotion," she said, "it has been disbelief." 

"Disbelief, yes," Mr. Wiesel said, clutching the a 

handrest and turning toward her. "We couldn't believe 

it. We couldn't believe it." 

It was the end of two long, troubling days in Washington 

for Mr. Wiesel, the writer and historian of the 

Holocaust. An hour earlier, on the podium at a White 

House ceremony in his honor, he told the President of 

the United States that he was wrong. 

Many in the Audience Cried 

In a speech that left many in the audience in tears, 

Mr. Weisel urged President Reagan not to visit a German 

military cemetery where Nazi war dead, including 

some members of the SS, are buried. 

The memory of challenging Mr. Reagan before so 

many people, at so public a gathering, was still fresh. 

"It has been such a horrendous week," Mr. Wiese! 

said later. "It's a nightmare, going on and on." 

The car stopped in front of the Senate Office Building, 

where Senator Frank R. Lautenberg, Democrat of 

New Jersey, had planned a lunch for Mr. Wiesel and 

several friends. 

Inside, . Senator Lautenberg greeted Mr. Wiesel 

with a handshake and a broad smile. "Elie Wiesel has 

handled this magnificently," the Senator said. 

Mr. Wiesel's day began at 4 A.M. He rose early to 

rewrite his speech for the White House ceremony, at 

which he received the Congressional Gold Medal of 

Achievement for his leadership as chairman of the 

United States Holocaust Memorial Council. 

"After what the President said, I had to make some 

changes in the speech," he said. 

He was referring to Mr. Reagan's remarks on 

Thursday, in which he said most of the German soldiers 

buried in the cemetery were as much victims of the 

Nazis as the Jewish inmates of the concentration 

camps. The comment outraged many Jewish leaders, 

including Mr. Wiesel. 

For VViesel, the End of Two Long Days of a 'Nightmare' and Disbelief' 

Makes Changes In Speech 

"I didn't want to be discourteous," he said of the 

part of his speech aimed at Mr. Reagan. "I did want 

him to understand that there is a difference between a 

victim's suffering and a soldier's suffering — let alone 

a Nazi's." 

With that in mind, Mr. Wiesel said he rewrote the 

last quarter of the speech to make it tougher and more 

S irect. 

He then gave the new draft to Mrs. Wiesel, who 

translates her husband's books from French to English. 

She read it over and recommended a few changes. 

"She made corrections," said Mr. Wiesel, who was 

born in Rumania and who speaks with a strong, melodious 

accent. "My English is not good English." 

Mr. Wiesel said he learned of the President's remarks 

Thursday while listening to a car radio, He was 

headed to a meeting of the Holocaust council, a meeting 

that had been called to deal with the uproar over the 

President's scheduling of the cemetery visit. 

"I heard the comments and I couldn't be lieve 

he said. Mr. Wiesel said he requested a transcript and 

read it. "I still couldn't believe said. 

For the rest of the evening, there were questions of 

whether Mr. Wiesel would deliver his speech today at 

the White House, whether he would accept the award at 

all. 

Emergency Council Meeting Held 

Mr. Wiesel's decision to go to the White House 

came after an emergency meeting with the other council 

members. Some had threatened to resign from the 

council because of the President's remarks. 

"At least three or four or five people had tears in 

their eyes," Mr. Wiesel recalled. "There were many 

tears, a lot of anger. People said, 'What is happening?' 

People were very passionate." 

Mr. Wiesel urged the council to send the President 

a strongly worded telegram, which read, in part, "We 

were shocked to learn that a President of the United 

States could utter such a distortion." 

Resignation by council members, Mr. Wiesel said, 

would have gone too far, adding: "I didn't want threats. 

I don't want to threaten." 

Mr. Wiesel said that at dinner Thursday night at his 

hotel with several members of Congress, he had picked 

at his veal and green beans. Because he maintains a kosher 

diet, he ate only the beans, and just a small 

amount of them. "I had no appetite," he said. 

He said the conversation had centered on whether 

he should go to the White House, and what he should 

say. "They all said I should go," he said. 

He said he made that decision several hours later, 

after realizing "that this medal is the American people's 

medal, not the President's medal." 

Before his speech, Mr. Wiesel spent about 20 

minutes with the Mr. Reagan and Vice President Bush 

in the White House. 

Talked to Reagan and Bush 

"It was good, there were no tensions," he said. 

"The President knew I had strong feelings and he 

tened. He also wanted me to know his feelings, how he 

has to deal with national and policy considerations." 

He said he had hoped Mr. Reagan would be swayed 

by his arguments and cancel the cemetery visit. 

"Romantically, I hoped that he would he so taken 

by the ceremony I I.nd the emotion that he would change 

his mind," Mr. Wiesel said. But there has been no 

change, at least not yet. 

"I am still hopefu Mr. Wiesel said shortly before 

leaving to return to his home in New York. He said he 

believed that Mr. Reagan was "pained" by the controversy. 

"I still have faith that he will way to get 

out of this mess," he II. 

said. "I am sure he wants to get 

S ut of this." 

.4. 

Reagan Hears an Appeal From Wiese' 

I 

Continued From Page 1 

"May 

shall Breger, a White House liaison 

officer for Jewish affairs, had sought to 

limit his speech to three minutes and to 

bar any direct criticism of Mr. Reagan's 

decision to visit Bitburg. Mr. 

Wiesel said he then went to Donald T. 

Regan, the White House chief of staff, 

and was assured that he could say what 

he wanted. 

I, Mr. President, if it's possible 

at all, implore you to do something 

else, to find a way, to find another way, 

another site. That place, Mr. President, 

is not your place. Your place is 

with the victims of the SS." 

Mr. Reagan stared unflinching at 

Mr. Wiesel during the electric 10- 

minute speech, his lips tight, his brow 

furrowed. Afterward, the two men 

shook hands, and Mr. Reagan left 

On Thursday night Mr. Wiesel sent 

an advance copy of his speech to Mr. 


in order to prepare the President for 

his critical remarks. This morning, 

Mr. Wiesel said, Mr. Breger, the White 

House liaison for Jewish affairs, insisted 

that the writer keep the speech to 

three minutes and suggested that the 

critical remarks about Mr. Reagan be 

deleted.

it. _tic:Lb Uee11 SUCH norrenaous week," Mr. Wiesel 

said later. "It's a nightmare, going on and on." 

The car stopped in front of the Senate Office Building, 

where Senator Frank R. Lautenberg, Democrat of 

New Jersey, had planned a lunch for Mr. Wiesel and 

several friends. 

Inside, Senator Lautenberg greeted Mr. Wiesel 

last quar ter tne speecn to make it tougher and more 

direct. 

He then gave the new draft to Mrs. Wiesel, who 

translates her husband's books from French to English. 

She read it over and recommended a few changes. 

"She made corrections," said Mr. Wiesel, who was 

born in Rumania and who speaks with a strong, melodiiebei 

utgeu tne councit to send the President 

a strongly worded telegram, which read, in part, "We 

were shocked to learn that a President of the United 

States could utter such a distortion." 

Resignation by council members, Mr. Wiesel said, 

would have gone too far, adding: "I didn't want threats. 

I don't want to threaten." 

Mr. Wiesel said that at dinner Thursday night at his 

Litai Ile WOLLIU cnange 

his mind," Mr. Wiesel said. But there has been no 

change, at least not yet. 

"I am still hopeful," Mr. Wiesel said shortly before 

leaving to return to his home in New York. He said he 

believed that Mr. Reagan was "pained" by the controversy. 

"I still have faith that he will find a way to get 

out of this mess," he said. "I am sure he wants to get 

out of this." 

Reagan Hears an Appeal From Wiese! 

BERGEN-BEL'S'EN, 1945: Women living in makeshift 

shelters after the liberation of the concentration camp 

by British troops. The Bergen-Belsen complex was 

originally set up as two camps. Camp Two, at its peak, 

shortly before the end of the war, held some 15,100 pris- 

47,-oz t''',50,RAMPtii$4,V44,,, 

British War Offict 

oners, all Jews. In Camp One, British trooPs found 

28,00(1 women, 12,000 men and 13,000 unburied bodies. 

1 yphus killed 13,000 other inmates within days of their 

liberation. It was estimated that between February and 

April 1945, at least 40,00(1 Jews died there. 


shall Breger, a White House liaison 

officer for Jewish affairs, had sought to 

limit his speech to three minutes and to 

I. r any direct criticism of Mr. Reagan's 

decision to visit Bitburg. Mr. 

Wiesel said he then went to Donald • T. 


and was assured that he could say what 

he wanted. 

In his speech, Mr. Wiese), whose suffering 

in concentration camps as a 

child has served as the basis for his 

novels, said in a cracking voice: 

"One million Jewish children perished. 

If I spent my entire life reciting 

their names, I would die before fin 

ing the task. 

"Mr. President, I have seen children, 

I have seen them thrown in the flames 

alive. Words, they die on my lips." 

Mr. Wiesel, a gaunt, hollow-eyed 

ure, added: "The issue • here is not politics, 

but good and evil. And we must 

never confuse them. For I have seen 

the SS at work. And I have seen their 

victims. They were my friends. They 

were my parents. Mr. President, there 

was a degree of suffering in the concentration 

camps that defies imagination." 

Mr. Wiese! paid tribute to Jews who 

fought • German soldiers in the Warsaw 

Ghetto and condemned the "indifference" 

of Western nations for their 

"passivity"'during the Holocaust. 

Declaring his "respect and admiration" 

for Mr. Reagan. Mr. Wiesel 

added: 

"You have told us earlier when we 

spoke tliat you were not aware of the 

pre:. ence of SS graves in the Bitburg 

cemetery. Of course you didn't know. 

But now we are all aware. 

"May I, Mr. President, if it's possible 


else, to find a way, to find another way, 

another site. That place, Mr. President, 

is not your place. Your place is 

with the victims of the SS." 

Mr. Reagan stared unflinching at 

Mr. Wiese! during the electric 10- 

minute speech, his lips tight, his brow 

furrowed. Afterward, the two men 

shook hands, and Mr. Reagan left 

quickly. 

Officials Concede Mistake 

The speech came as the White House 

sought to quell the rage of Jewish organizations 

and other groups over Mr. 

Reagan's visit to Bitburg. White House 

officials concede that the Bitburg visit 

is possibly the most serious mistake of 

Mr. Reagan's Presidency. 

Mr. Speakes, the White House 

spokesman, said the Bitburg visit 

would follow Mr. Reagan's homage to 

the victims of Nazi Germany at Bergen-Belsen. 

He added that the White 

House had "no plans" to change the 

Bitburg visit, and he indicated that the 

wreath-laying for the German soldiers 

would be set in Spot as far as possible 

from the graves of the SS troopers. 

Mr. Reagan spoke with Chancellor 

Kohl by telephone this morning for 

about 20 minutes. 

The extent of the Wnite HoUSe embarrassment 

over the decision — and 

efforts to keep Mr. Wiesel's comments 

• 

• 

as low-key as possible — was reflected 

in the abrupt shift last week of the ceremony 

from the East Room, which can 

accommodate more than 300 guests, • • to 

the Roosevelt Room, which limited the 

number of guests to 40 and kept some of 

Mr. Wiesel's friends who fiew in from 

Europe from attending. 

On Thursday night Mr. Wiesel sent 

an advance copy of his speech to Mr. 


in order W prepare the • President for 

his critical remarks. This morning, 

Mr. Wiesel said, Mr. Breger, the White 

House liaison for Jewish affairs, insisted 

that the writer keep the speech to 

three minutes and suggested that the 

critical remarks about Mr. Reagan be 

I eleted. 

Mr. Wiesel said he then asked to 

meet Mr. Regan, who assured him he 

could say what he wanted and in whatever 

time he neeed. d "He reassured 

me," said Mr. Wiesel after his speech. 

Mr. Breger declined to respond to 

phI ne calls today about his comments 

to Mr. Wiesel. 

Mr. Wiesel, who seemed drained 

after the White House visit, went to the 

Senate Dining Room for a lunch given 

by Senator Frank R. Lautenberg, 

Democrat of New Jersey. 

Mr. Wiesel said he hoped the President 

would change his mind about the 

Bitburg visit, but he said he doubted he 

wS uld do so. 

Mr. Wiese] indicated that his unexpectedly 

long meeting with Mr. Reagan 

in the Oval Office, which delayed 

the start of the ceremonies by 20 

minutes, had been marked by a blend 

of wariness and friendliness. 

-I tried to explain to the President 

the total difference between suffering 

in concentration camps and outside," 

he said. Mr. Reagan "did not apologize," 

Mr. Wiese! said, "but of course 

he explained privately that he knows 

very well what we wert through, nobody 

went through, and furthermore 

nobody could even imagine what we 

weI t through."

Transcript of Remarks by Reagan and Wiesel at White House Ceremony 

Following is a transcript of remarks 

yesterday by President Reagan 

and Elie Wiesel, chairman of the 

United States Holocaust Memorial 

Council, after Mr. Wiesel received 

the Congressional Gold Medal of 

Achievement at the White House, as 

recorded by The New York Times: 

Reagan's Remarks 

Jewish people have just finished 

celebrating Passover, the holiday 

that marks the exodus from Egypt, 

the deliverance from slavery. But 

this week, we commemorate a nondeliverance, 

a time when exodus was 

refused, when the doors of refuge 

were closed and in their place came 

death. In the Passover narrative, the 

Haggadah, there is the phrase, "In 

every generation, they rise up against 

us to annihilate us." In the generation 

of the Holocaust, that annihilation 

nearly succeeded in Europe. Six million 

murdered, among them over a 

million children. 

How does life continue in the face of 

this crime against humanity? 

The survivors swore their oath, 

"Never again." And the American 

eople also made that pledge, "Never 

again," and we've kept it. We kept it 

when we supported the establishment 

of the state of Israel, the refuge that 

the Jewish people lacked during the 

Holocaust, the dream of generations, 

the sure sign of God's hand in history. 

America will never waver in our support 

for that nation to which our ties 

of faith are unbreakable. To say 

"Never again," however, is not 

enough. When with Israel the United 

States reached out to help save Ethic 

plan Jewry we were also fulfilling our 

pledge. This was truly God's work. 

The Future of Soviet Jewry 

Today, we work on and on to help 

" Soviet Jewry, which suffers from 

persecution, intimidation and imprisonment 

within Soviet borders. We 

will never relinquish our hope for 

:their freedom and we will never cease 

to work for it. If the Soviet Union 

: truly wants peace, truly wants friendship, 

then let them release Anatoly 

Shcharansky and free Soviet Jewry. 

• But our pledge was more than 

"Never again." It was also "Never 

-forget." And we've kept that pledge, 

-too. We kept that pledge when we established 

the Holocaust Memorial 

Commission and set the cornerstone 

for its museum. We keep that pledge 

when in our colleges and universities 

we teach each new generation of 

Americans the story of the Holocaust. 

And in our lives we keep that pledge 

when we privately in our own families 

and in our hearts remember. 

From the ashes of the Holocaust 

emerged the miracle of Israel and another 

miracle — that the survivors 

began life again. They came to new 

lands, many to Israel and many, 

thank God, to America. They built 

new families and with each child gave 

us the greatest symbol of this faith in 

the future. 'They brought to us the eloquence 

of a people who, in surviving 

such suffering, asked only for the 

right to remember and be remembered. 

A people who did not permit 

themselves to descend into the pits of 

and quagmires of hatred but lifted 

themselves instead, and with them all 

of humankind, out of darkness, up toward 

a time when hatred is no more 

and all nations and all people are as 

one. 

A Sharing of Grief 

We who had not suffered the 

tragedy of the Holocaust directly 

shared their grief and mourned for 

their victims. We too prayed for a better 

future and a better world where 

all peoples and all nations would 

come together in peace and defense of 

humanity. 

Today, there is a spirit of reconciliation 

between the peoples of the allied 

nations and the peoples of Germany 

and even between the soldiers who 

fought each other on the battlefields 

of Europe. That spirit must grow and 

be strengthened. As the people of Europe 

rebuilt their shattered lands, the 

survivors rebuilt their shattered 

lives, and they did so despite the searing 

pain. And we who are their fellow 

citizens have taken up their memories 

and tried to learn from them 

what we must do. 

No one has taught us more than 

Elie Wiesel. 

His life stands as a symbol. His life 

is testimony that the human spirit endures 

and prevails. Memory can fail 

us, for it can fade as the generations 

change. But Elie Wiesel has helped 

make the memory of the Holocaust 

eternal by preserving the story of the 

six million Jews in his works. Like the 

prophets whose words guide us to this 

day, his works will teach humanity 

timeless lessons. He teaches about 

despair, but also about hope. He 

teaches about our capacity to do evil, 

but also about the possibility of courage 

and resistance and about our capacity 

to sacrifice for a higher good. 

He teaches about death, but in the end 

he teaches about life. 

Elie, we present you with this 

medal as an expression of our gratitude 

for your life's work. 

In honoring Elie Wiesel, we thank 

him for a life that's dedicated to 

others. We pledge that he will never 

forget or that we will never forget 

that in many places in the world the 

cancer of anti-Semitism still exists. 

Beyond our fervent hopes and our anguished 

remembrance we must not 

forget our duty to those who perished, 

our duty to bring justice to those who 

perpetrated unspeakable deeds. And 

we must take action to root out the 

vestiges of anti-Semitism in America, 

to quash the violence-prone or hate 

groups even before they can spread 

their venom and destruction. 

And let all of us, Jew and non-Jew 

alike, pledge ourselves today to the 

life of the Jewish dream, to a time 

when war is no more, when all nations 

live in peace, when each man, woman 

and child lives in the dignity that God 

intended. 

On behalf of your fellow citizens, 

now let me sign this proclamation 

commemorating Jewish Heritage 

Week. 

Wiesel's Remarks 

Mr. President, speaking of the conciliation, 

I was very pleased that we 

met before, so a stage of the conciliation 

has been set in motion between 

us. But then, we were never on two 

sides. We were on the same side. We 

were always on the side of justice, always 

on the side of memory, against 

the SS and against what they represent. 

It was good talking to you, and I am 

grateful to you for the medal. But this 

medal is not mine alone. It belongs to 

all those who remember what SS killers 

have done to their victims. 

It was given to me by the American 

people for my writings, teaching and 

for my testimony. When I write, I feel 

my invisible teachers standing over 

my shoulders, reading my words and 

judging their veracity. And while I 

feel responsible for the living, I feel 

equally responsible to the dead. Their 

memory dwells in my memory. 

Alone in an Orphaned World 

Forty years ago, a young man 

awoke and he found himself an orphan 

in an orphaned world. What 

have I learned in the last 40 years? 

Small things. I learned the perils of 

language and those of silence. I 

learned that in extreme situations 

when human lives and dignity are at 

stake, neutrality is a sin. It helps the 

killers, not the victims. I learned the 

meaning of solitude, Mr. President. 

We were alone, desperately alone. 

Today is April 19, and April 19, 1943, 

the Warsaw Ghetto rose in arms 

against the onslaught of the Nazis. 

They were so few and so young and so 

helpless. And nobody came to their 

help. And they had to fight what was 

then the mightiest legion in Europe. 

Every underground received help except 

the Jewish underground. And yet 

they managed to fight and resist and 

push back those Nazis and their accomplices 

for six weeks. And yet the 

leat■era of the free world, Mr. President, 

knew everything and did so little, 

or nothing, or at least nothing 

specifically to save Jewish children 

from death. You spoke of Jewish children, 

Mr. President. One million Jewish 

children perished. If I spent my 

entire life reciting their names, I 

would die before finishing the task. 

Fragility of Human Condition 

Mr. President, I have seen children, 

I have seen them being thrown 

in the flames alive. Words, they die 

on my lips. So I have learned, I have 

learned, I have learned the fragility 

of the human condition. 

And I am reminded of a great 

moral essayist. The gentle and forceful 

Abe Rosenthal, having visited 

Auschwitz, once wrote an extraordinary 

reportage about the persecution 

of Jews, and he called it, "Forgive 

them not, Father, for they knew what 

they did." 

I have learned that the Holocaust 

was a unique and uniquely Jewish 

event, albeit with universal implications. 

Not all victims were Jews. But 

all Jews were victims. I have learned 

the danger of indifference, the crime 

of indifference. For the opposite of 

love. I have learned, is not hate, but 

indifference. Jews were killed by the 

enemy but betrayed by their so-called 

allies, who found political reasons to 

justify their indifference or passivity. 

But I have also learned that suffering 

confers no privileges. It all depends 

what one does with it. And this 

is why survivors, of whom you spoke, 

Mr. President, have tried to teach 

then contemporaries how to build on 

ruins, how to invent hope in a world 

that offers none, how to proclaim 

faith to a generation that has seen it 

shamed and mutilated. And I believe, 

we believe, that memory is the answer, 

perhaps the only answer. 

A few days ago, on the anniversary 

of the liberation of Buchenwald, all of 

us, Americans, watched with dismay 

and anger as the Soviet Union and 

East Germany distorted both past 

and present history. 

Mr. President, I was there. I was 

there when American liberators arrived. 

And they gave us back our 

lives. And what I felt for them then 

noui ishes me to the end of my days 

and will do so. If you only knew what 

we tried to do with them then. We who 

were so weak that we couldn't carry 

our own lives, we tried to carry them 

in triumph. 

Mr. President, we are grateful to 

the American Army for liberating us. 

We are grateful to this country, the 

greatest democracy in the world, the 

freest nation in the world, the moral 

nation, the authority in the world. 

And we are grateful, especially, to 

this country for having offered us 

haven and refuge, and grateful to its 

leadership for being so friendly to Israel. 

And, Mr. President, do you know 

that the Ambassador of Israel, who 

sits next to you, who is my friend, and 

has been for so many years, is himself 

a survivor? And if you knew all 

the causes we fought together for the 

last 30 years, you should be prouder of 

him. And we are proud of him. 

Support for Israel 

And we are grateful, of course, to 

Israel. We are eternally grateful to 

Israel for existing. We needed Israel 

in 1948 as we need it now. And we are 

grateful to Congress for its continuous 

philosophy of humanism and 

compassion for the underprivileged. 

And as for yourself, Mr. President, 

we are so grateful to you for being a 

friend of the Jewish people, for trying 

to help the oppressed Jews in the 

Soviet Union. And to do whatever we 

can to save Slicharansky and Abe 

Stolar and Iosif Begun and Sakharov 

and all the dissidents who need freedom. 

And of course, we thank you for 

your support of the Jewish state of Israel. 

But, Mr. President, I wouldn't be 

the person I am, and you wouldn't respect 

me for what I am, if I were not 

must work to bring peace and under- 

-1 

standing to a tormented world that, 

as you know, is still awaiting redemption. 

I thank you, Mr. President. 

to tell you also of the sadness that is in 

my heart for what happened during 

the last week. And I am sure that you, 

too, are sad for the same reasons. Kirkpatrick Appears to Differ 

What can I do? I belong to a traumatized 

generation. And to us, as to With Reagan on Nazi Soldiers 

you, symbols are important. And furthermore, 

following our ancient 

tradition, and we are speaking about 

Jewish heritage, our tradition commands 

us "to speak truth to power." 

So may I speak to you, Mr. President, 

with respect and admiration, of 

the events that happened? 

We have met four or five times. 

And each time I came away enriched, 

for I know of your commitment to humanity. 

And therefore I am convinced, as 

you have told us earlier when we 

spoke, that you were not aware of the 

presence of SS graves in the Bitburg 

cemetery. Of course you didn't know. 

But now we all are aware. 

Your Place Is With the Victims 

May I, Mr. President, if it's, possible 


else, to find a way, to find another 

way, another site? That place, 

Mr. President, is not your place. Your 

place is with the victims of the SS. 

Oh, we know there are political and 

strategic reasons, but this issue, as 

all issues related to that awesome 

event, transcends politics and diplomacy. 

The issue here is not politics, but 

good and evil. And we must never 

confuse them. 

For I have seen the SS at work. And 

I have seen their victims. 'They were 

my friends. They were my parents. 

Mr. President, there was a degree 

of suffering and loneliness in the concentration 

camps that defies imagination. 

Cut off from the world with no 

refuge anywhere, sons watched helplessly 

their fathers being beaten to 

death. Mothers watched their children 

die of hunger. And then there 

was Mengele and his selections. Terror, 

fear, isolation, torture, gas 

chambers, flames, flames rising to 

the heavens. . 

But, Mr. President, I know and I 

understand, we all do, that you seek 

reconciliation. And so do I, so do we. 

And I too wish to attain true reconciliation 

with the German people. I do 

not believe in collective guilt, nor in 

collective responsibility. Only the 

killers were guilty. Their sons and 

daughters are not. 

And I believe, Mr. President, that 

we can and we must work together 

with them and with all people. And we 

Jeane J. Kirkpatrick was honored by 

a group of Jewish leaders in Manhattan 

yesterday and seemed to join in their 

criticism of President Reagan for 

likening German soldiers killed in 

World War II to the inmates of Nazi 

concentration camps. 

—The fact is that we are not all 

equally guilty, we are not all equally 

dangerous, we are not all equally victims," 

Dr. Kirkpatrick said at a luncheon 

of the Conference of Presidents of 

Major American Jewish Organizations 

at the Pierre Hotel. 

Dr. Kirkpatrick, who until recently 

was President Reagan's chief delegate 

to the United Nations, did not mention 

the President by name. 

She clearly took issue with those who 

would forget the Holocaust. 

"It was not until my four years at the 

United Nations that I understood the 

extent to which the drama of the Holocaust 

— the victimization of the Jewish 

people — continues to this very day," 

she said. "Having learned that lesson I 

believe of course that all of us never 

forget it." 

Dr. Kirkpatrick was honored for 

being "a strong voice" in support of Israel 

at the United Nations.

Mx a imton ost 

1985. The Washington Post Company SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1985 hat 

Sir dab& 

Asscrwie, 

President Reagan and Vice President Bush listen to speech by author Elie Wiesel after he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal at the White House. 

Honoring Wiesel, Reagan Confronts the Holocaust 

Regan Team Falters 

Ott Damage Control 

By Lou Cannon 

WaNlungtun Ptut Staff Wider 

Three months into his second 

term, President Reagan and his 

aides appear to have misplaced the 

magic public relations touch that 

has been a conspicuous feature of 

his presidency. 

In the 10 days, Reagan has 

I. en entharrassed 'I 

by his decision 

to visit Bitburg military cemetery 

where Nazi SS soldiers are buried 

and buffeted by the prospect of 

congressional rejection of his plan 

to provide $14 million to rebels 

oII osing the leftist Nicaraguan 

government. 

Administration officials and 

pi ominent congressional Republicans 

say that the new White 

House team headed by chief of 

staff Donald T. Regan has stumbled 

in its attempts at damage control. 

One senior official, reflecting 

a widespread view, said Regan's 

predecessor, James A. Baker III, 

who now is secretary of the treasury, 

would have "undone the Bitburg 

blunder" withM 24 hours of 

its announcement. 

The setbacks for Reagan, on 

public relations and policy, occur 

as his administration's stability and 

his popularity may be undermined 

by surprisingly sluggish first-quarter 

economic growth. Chief of staff 

NEWS 

ANALYSIS 

Regan responded to 

this news Thursday 

by acknowledging "at 

this moment, the economy is not 

healthy." 

During the past week Reagan's 

luck also has deserted him on relatively 

minor matters that have 

added to the inipression of floundering. 

Last Monday he honored a 

young "Nicaraguan refugee" who 

turned out to be the daughter of 

Nicaraguan Americans who have 

lived in the United States for 15 

years. On Wednesday, at a state 

See WEEK, A8, Col. I 

Bergen-Belsen Put 

On Trip Itinerary 

By David Holtman 

Wa4angton Stati 

President Reagan confronted 

the tragedy of the Holocaust and a 

dilemma of diplomacy y-esterclay as 

author and death-camp survivor 

Die Wiese' implored him at a 

White House ceremony not to lay a 

wreath at graVes of Nazi soldiers. 

"That place, Mr. President. is 

not your place. Your place is with 

the victims of the SS." Wiesel told 

Reagan, who listened with a look 

of anguish. 

In a moment of emotion and drama, 

Wiese! accepted from Reagan 

the Congressional Gold lvledal for 

his works that record the concentration 

camps' horrors. Then he 

appealed to Reagan "to do something 

else" rather than visit the 

Bitburg military cemetery where 

some of Hitler's SS troops are 

buried. Later, the White House 

announced that Reagan had rejected 

Wiesel's appeal. Officials 

said the president plans to visit the 

Bergen-Belsen concentration camp 

site for 40 minutes May 5 as part 

of his itinerary in West Germany 

and lay a wreath at Bitburg later 

that day in a 20-minute visit. 

In a private Oval Office meeting 

before yesterday's ceremony, i?eagan 

told Wiese! that he could not 

abandon plans to lay a wreath at 

the cemetery because of -relations 

with Germany," Wiese' said. 

Hours before, U.S. officials 

asked West Germany to find alternative 

sites to the cemetery, but 

officials in Bonn fek committed to 

the Bithurg visit, a White House 

official said. 

Reagan -4.6- re by telephone vesr,rday 

with West German Chancellor 

Helmut Kohl and told him he 

would honor kts agreement to visit 

Bitburg, the White House official 

said. The two also agreed that 

Reagan and Kohl would visit the 

See PREz•IDENT. CoL

A6 S‘rt 111111, 1985 THE 110.1,111Ni,1 POsT 

Honoring a Survivor, 

Reagan Faces Holocaust 

PRESIDENT, From Al 

concentration camp together to 

"honor the victims of Nazism." 

Reagan stirred renewed criticism 

from Jewish groups Thursday when 

he said soldiers buried at Bitburg 

were Nazi victims "just as surely as" 

those of the concentration camps. 

Yesterday, Wiesel said that the 

president "doesn't believe that." 

"He (lid not apologize. He explained 

privately that it is not what 

he believes," Wiesel said. lust the 

opposite. lie knows very well, he 

said, that we went through what 

nobody has ever gone through, and 

furthermore nobody could even 

imagine what we went through." 

In brief remarks before awarding 

the medal to Wiese!, Reagan skirted 

the cemetery controversy and 

vowed that the United States would 

"never again" allow such genocide 

as the Nazi Holocaust. 

He promised unwavering U.S. 

support of Israel, recalled the recent 

airlift of Jews from droughtravaged 

Ethiopia and vowed to 

"never cease" efforts to win freedom 

for Soviet Jews suffering from 

"persecution, intimidation and imprisonment 

within Soviet borders." 

The ceremony, at which Reagan 

honored Wiesel and signed a proclamation 

marking Jewish Heritage 

Week, was the climax of a week of 

intensifying protests from Jewish 

and veterans groups about Reagan's 

plans to visit Bitburg to celebrate 

a theme of "reconciliation" 

on the 40th anniversary of the end 

of World War II in Europe. 

The cemetery includes the bodies 

of about 50 members of Hitler's 

SS among about 2,000 German war 

(lead. White House spokesman Larry 

Speakes said officials are attempting 

to confine Reagan's visit 

to an area of the cemetery away 

from the SS graves. 

Wiesel, a preeminent author and 

historian who survived the Auschwitz 

and Buchenwald concentration 

camps, used the ceremony to deliver 

an intensely personal lecture 

to the president, who was seated 

near him before a fireplace in the 

White House room named for presidents 

Theodore and Franklin D. 

Roosevelt. 

• 

"I wouldn't be the person I am, 

and you wouldn't respect me for 

what I am, if I were not to tell you 

also of the sadness that is in my 

heart for what happened during the 

last week," Wiese! said. 

"I belong to a traumatized generation. 

And to us, as to you, symbols 

are important. And furthermore, 

following our ancient tradition—and 

we are speaking about 

Jewish heritage—our tradition 

commands us 'to speak truth to 

power,' " he said. 

Wiesel said he is "convinced" that 

Reagan was not aware earlier that 

SS troops are buried at Bitburg and 

added, "But now we all are aware." 

After imploring Reagsn to find 

another site to visit, he acknowledged 

that "there are political and 

strategic reasons" for going. 

"But this issue, as all issues related 

to that awesome event, transcends 

politics and diplomacy. The 

issue here is not politics, but good 

and evil. And we must never confuse 

them, for I have seen the SS at 

work, and I have seen their victims. 

They were my friends. They were 

my parents," Wiesel said. 

"Cut off from the world with no 

refuge anywhere, sons watched 

helplessly their fathers being beaten 

to death. Mothers watched their 

children die of hunger'. And then 

there was IDr. Josef' Mengele and 

his selections lof who would five or 

dial, terror. fear, isolation, torture, 

gas chambers, flames, flames rising 

to the heavens." 

• Later, Wiesel, who described. 

himself as a "storyteller," said the 

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, 

of which he is chairman, is musiḍ 

ering a resolution that all of its 

menitiers resign to protest the Bitburg 

visit. He said he will call a 

meeting to decide if they sib sild 

quit before or after Reagan's European 

visit. 

During the ceremony, Wiel 

noted that Israeli Ambassador Mt 

Rosenne, sitting near Reagan, w 

a Holocaust survivor. The preside, 

softly asked Rosenne if he was, an 

the ambassador nodded yes. 

Afterward, New York Times Ex 

ecutive Editor A.M: .Rosenthal, on 

of the invited guests, embrace 

Wiese!, who recalled "an extraordinary 

reportage about the persecution 

of Jews" written by Rosenthal 

after a visit to Auschwitz. 

131thuref Grave Honors Killer of 10 Americans, Group Says 

Frew News Services 

= A Jewish organization said yesterday 

it has learned that a German 

soldier buried in Bitburg cemetery, 

• which President Reagan plans to 

vi-Sit next month, was honored for 

killing 10 American soldiers. 

Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate 

dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, 

read from a telegram sent to 

Reagan, saying the center has ". . . 

uncovered that SS Staff Sgt. Otto 

Franz Bengel was awarded the German 

cross . . . for killing 10 American 

soldiers. 

"It is inconceivable that our ally 

would make a request to visit such a 

location and that you, Mr. President, 

would consent to go there," it 

said. 

Some of the simple. Bitburg 

gravestones support what Reagan 

has said about "young teen-agers" 

drafted in the last days of the Nazi 

Reich, but others paint a different 

picture, Reuter reported front 

Bonn. 

The legend on one .tombstone 

over a 39-year-old soldier's grave 

reads "SS Sturmniann (Privatel 

Walter Hones, born 4.1.06, died 

22.1.45." A few other Germanic 

crosses indicate that those buried 

there were in their nii,1-20s and 

:Ws. 

'Our Pledge ... Was Also: Never Forget' 

A transcript of President 1?eagun's 

remarks at White Ilotiv 

enmity yesterday for Jewish Ih.rita,;e 

Wet*: 

I'm pleased that each of you 

could be with us today to celebrate 

Jewish Heritage Week. We recall 

today the great accomplishments in 

science, philosophy, literature, art 

and music made throughout history 

by the Jewish people. And we .remember 

that it is the spiritual and 

moral values of Judaism which encompass 

the dream of peace and 

human dignity that has enabled the 

Jewish people—and ennobled the 

Jewish people, I should say—and 

through them, their fellow men. 

Throughout the world, the Jewish 

people have just finished celebrating 

Passover, the holiday that 

marks the exodus from Egypt, the 

deliverance from slavery. 

But this week, we commemorate 

a nondeliverance, a time when exodus 

was refused, when the doors 

of refuge were closed and in their 

place came death. In the Passover 

narrative, the Haggadah, there is 

the phrase. "In every generation, 

they rise up against us to annihilate 

us." In the generation of the Holocaust, 

that annihilation nearly succeeded 

in Europe. Six million murdered: 

among them, over a million 

flow does life continue in the face 

of this crime against humanity? The 

survivors swore their oath, "Never 

again." And the American people 

also made that pledge, "Never • 

again." And we've kept it. We kept 

it when we supported the establishment 

of the state of Israel, the refuge 

that the Jewish people lacked 

during the Holocaust, the dream of 

generations, the sure sign of God's 

hand in history, America will never 

waiver in our support for that nation 

to which our ties of faith are 

unbreakable. 

To say "Never again," however, 

is not enough. When, with Israel, 

the United States reached out to 

help save Ethiopian Jewry, we were 

also fulfilling our pledge. This was 

truly God's work. 

Today, we work on and on to help 

Soviet Jewry, which suffers front 

vr:ectition, intimidation and itnvcisonniet. 

v.ithin Soviet borders. 

We will never relinquish our hope 

for their freedom. And we will never 

cease to 'work for it. 

.. If the Soviet Union truly wants 

peace, truly wants friendship, then 

let them release Anatoliy 

Scharansky and free Soviet Jewry. 

But our pledge was more than 

"Never again." It was also "Never 

forget." And we've kept that 

pledge, too. We kept that pledge 

when we established the Holocaust 

memorial commission and set the 

cornerstone for its museum. We 

keep that pledge when, in our colleges 

and universities, we teach 

each new generation of Americans 

the story of the Holocaust. And in 

our lives, we keep that pledge when 

we privately, in our own families 

and in our hearts,. remember. 

From the ashes of the Holocaust 

emerged the miracle of Israel, and 

another miracle, that the survivors 

began life again. They came to new 

lands, many to Israel and many, 

thank God, to America. They built 

new families, and with each child 

gave us the greatest symbol of this 

faith in the future. They brought to 

us the eloquence of a people who, in 

surviving such suffering, asked only 

for the right to remember and be 

remembered, a people who did not 

permit themselves to descend into 

the pits of—and quagmires of hatred, 

but lifted themselves instead, 

and with them, all of humankind, 

out of darkness up toward a time 

when hatred is no more and all nations 

and all people are as one. 

We who had not suffered the 

tragedy of the Holocaust directly 

shared their grief and mourned for 

their victims. We, too, prayed for a 

better future and a better world 

where all peoples and all nations 

would come together in peace and 

defense of humanity. 

Today, there is a spirit of reconciliation 

between the peoples of the 

allied nations and the people of Germany 

and even between the soldiers 

who fought each other on the 

battlefields of Europe. That spirit 

must grow and be strengthened. 

As the people of Europe rebuilt 

their shattered lands, the survivors 

rebuilt their shattered lives, and 

they did so despite the searing pain. 

And we who are their fellow citizens 

have taken up their memories 

and tried to learn from them what 

we must. do. No one has taught us 

more than Elie Wiesel. His life 

stands as a symbol. His life is testimony 

that the human spirit endures 

and prevails. Memory can fail 

us, for it can fade as the generations 

change. But Elie Wiese' has helped 

make the memory of the Holocaust 

eternal by preserving the story of 

the 6 million Jews in his works. Like 

the prophets, whose words guide us 

to this day, his works will teach huinanity 

timeless lessons. He teaches 

about despair, but also about hope. 

He teaches about our capacity to do 

evil, but also about the possibility of 

courage and resistance and about 

our capacity to sacrifice for a higher 

good. He teaches about death. But 

in the end, he teaches about life. 

Elie, we present you with this 

medal as an expression of our gratitude 

for your life's work. 

In honoring Elie Wiese!, we thank 

him for a life that's dedicated to 

others. We pledge that he will never 

forget—or that we will never 

forget that in many places of the 

world, the cancer of anti-Semitism 

still exists. Beyond our fervent 

hopes and our anguished remembrance, 

we must not forget our duty 

to those who perished, our duty to 

bring justice to those who perpetrated 

unspeakable deeds. And we 

must take action to root out the 

vestiges of anti-Semitism in America, 

to quash the violence-prone 

hate groups even before they can 

spread their venom and destruction. 

And let all of us, Jew and non- 

Jew alike, pledge ourselves today to 

the life of the Jewish dream—to a 

time when war is no more, when all 

nations live in peace, when each 

man, woman and child lives in the 

dignity that God intended. 

On behalf of your fellow citizens, 

now let me sign this proclamation 

commemorating Jewish Heritage 

Week.

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U.S. Holocaust Council Held Not Likely to Resign 

Continued From Page I 

Hiller's top aide in 1962, said in an Israeli 

radio program. 

In BOrlfl, it leader of Chancellor Helmut 

Kohl's party, the Christian Democrats, 

said in a letter to 53 United States 

Senators that it would be an insult to 

Germany's World War II troops if the 

President failed to visit the Bitburg 

cemetery. The party official, Alfred 

Dregger, directed his letter to Senators 

who had urged the President to cancel 

the visit. 

Meantime, about 10,000 East Germans, 

including top Communist Party 

officials, commemorated the liberation 

40 years ago of the Nazi death camp at 

Ravensbrtick, where 92,000 women and 

children died. The camp is about 30 

miles north of Berlin, in East Germany. 

The purpose of the President's visit 

— to mark 40 years of peace and hail 

the emergence of a strong Western alliance 

— has been undermined by his 

plans for the Bitburg cemetery visit 

and by his comment on Thursday that 

the German soldiers buried at Bitburg 

and the Jews who died in concentration 

camps were equally victims of the 

Nazis. 

THE NEW YORK 

_ 

TIMES, SUNDAY, APRIL 21, 1985 

' Even the later addition of a visit by 

the 'President to the Bergen-Belsen 

concentration camp has not quelled the 

uproar. 

One reaction last week was a motion 

for a mass resignation by the United 

States Hokxnust Memorial Council. 

The motion was raised at a meeting of 

the council in New York on Monday, 

and was tabled at an emergency meeting 

on Thursday, pending further consideration 

of Mr. Reagan's actions. 

Elie Wiesel, chairman of the council, 

who went to the White House Friday 

and, &ring ceremoniet hcmoring him, 

implored Mr. Reagan to cancel his Bitburg 

cemetery visit, said he hoped the 

council would not resign, at least not 

immediately. 

"I prefer to give the President 

enough time to solve this complicated 

and unnecessary problem," said Mr. 

Wiese!, a 56-year-old writer. 

Mr. Bookbinder said ymterday that, 

in his judgment, the council would not 

resign. After the President first announced 

his intention to go to Bitburg, 

he said, about half the members attended 

an emergency meeting on Monday 

to consider "how can we demonstrate 

our outrage?" 

The motion to resign was drawn up. 

"Then some of us spoke up," he said, 

"and urged the council to take no action 

immediately. I argued that we 

should give the President some time to 

react, to change his Tint" 

On Thursday, Mr. Bookbinder said, 

"came a second explosion" — the 

President's statement in which he said 

most of the German soldiers buried in 

the cemetery he intended to visit were 

as much victims of the Nazis as the inmates 

of the concentration camps. The 

council met again that night to consider 

the new development. 

"To many of us, that statement about 

victims was more important than the 

trip to Bitburg," Mr. Bookbinder said. 

"It was offensive and troublesome for 

many reasons. It really indicated, in 

our judgment, that there had been a 

very sorry, sad failure on the part of 

the President to grasp the meaning of 

the Holocaust. 

"We realized then how important it is 

to have the council, to respectfully but 

firmly disagree with the President. I 

saw, during the hours of anguish, the 

feeling among the members that the 

council is more important than ever. 

"It is incumbent upon us to carry out 

our mandate of the law, our responsibility, 

to build a museum and a program 

to help people, and especially the 

President, remember the significance 

of the Holocaust," Mr. Bookbinder 

said. 

'Distortion of History' 

It was a "colossal error and a distortion 

of history" to say that soldiers 

were "the same kind of victims as the 

babies and mothers and grandmothers" 

who died in the camps, he said. 

The next meeting of the cotmcil has 

been scheduled for atter the President's 

return from Europe. That will 

give its members a chance to reflect on 

what the President does and says in 

Germany, Mr. Bookbinder said.

Bullets Lose to Philadelphia, 113-94, Trail in Playoffs, 2-0— CI 

Weather 

Today: Mostly sunny and warm. 

High 84-86. Low 54-63. 

Tuesday: Mostly sunny. High 

84-86. Winds light and variable. 

Yesterday: Temperature range 

88-57. Details on Page D2. 

inton 

Dig 

Sections 

A News/Editorials 

B Style/Television 

Nlovies/Classified 

C Sports/Comics 

D Metro/Obituaries 

Inside: Washington Business 

Detailed index on Page A2 

108m YEAH • • • No. 138 1985, The Washington Post Company 

Bitburg Visit Assailed 

At Gathering of Holocaust Survivors, 

Anger and Dismay at Reagan's Plans 

By Elizabeth Kastor 

Washington Post Staff Writer 

PHILADELPHIA, April 21—Four thousand flowers from the 

hands of 4,000 survivors of the Holocaust, placed at the base of the 

Liberty I. ll—it was a gesture of gratitude, some said today, for 

the freedom they had found in the United States. 

But this year, on what is also the 40th anniversary of the liberation 

of the concentration camps, the survivors' gratitude was mixed 

with expressions of what many described as anger and dismay over 

President Reagan's plan to lay a wreath at the German cemetery at 

Bitburg, where some Nazi SS soldiers are buried. 

In addition, many attending this second American Gathering of 

Jewish Holocaust Survivors, which began here Saturday night and 

continues through Tuesday, said they were also upset by Reagan's 

initial unwillingness to visit a concentration camp, and his comrnents 

that German soldiers buried at Bitburg were victims of the 

Nazis "just as surely as the victims in the concentration camps." 

See COMMEMORATION, Al2, CoL 1 

N1OND1Y, APRIL 22, 1985 

ASSOCIATED PRESS 

Shima Sack of Los Angeles cries during a 

gathering of Holocaust survivors in Philadelphia. 

Meanwhile, the protest against President 

Reagan's Bithurg visit grows; story on Page All. 

Kohl Atones at Camp 

Chancellor Tells Bergen-Belsen Crowd 

Of Germans"Never-Ending Shame' 

By William Drozdiak 

Washington Post Foreign Service 

BERGEN-BELSEN, West Germany, April 21—Chancellor Helmut 

Kohl, in an emotional speech marking the 40th anniversary iii of 

the liberation of the Bergen-Bels e n concentration camp, declared 

today that Germans bear a "never-ending shame" for the crimes 

and atroes perpetrated during the Nazi era. 

Speaking to a crowd estimated • at 3,000 that included Jews who 

were inmates of the camp, Kohl said successive German generations 

must confront their historical responsibility by asking "why so 

many people remained apathetic, did not listen properly, closed 

their eyes to the reaes when the despots-to-be solicited support 

for their inhumane program." 

Bergen-Belsen, along with such death camps as Treblinka and 

Auschwitz where 6 million, Jews and others, perished in the Nazis' 

genocidal campaign, remains "a mark of Cain branded in the minds 

of our nation," Kohl said. • 

See CAMP, A16, Col. 1 

Higher in Areas Approximately 75 Miles 

From District of Columbia (See Box on A2) 25e 

Talks Set 

On 'Contra' 

Aid Rescue 

President to Meet 

Key Senators Today 

On a Compromise 

By Lou Cannon and Rick Atkinson 

Washington Post Stiff Writers 

With time running out, President 

Reagan's top foreign policy advisers 

struggled yesterday to find a formula 

that would avert almost certain 

rejection in Congress of the 

administration's long efforts to resume 

aid to the rebels opposing the 

leftist government of Nicaragua. 

"Our hope now is the Senate 

Democrats," said one White House 

official, who said RenCYnn airrwlel

jboufSe of Aeprefientatibeg 

it ington, ;p.c. 20515 

MEMORANDUM 

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November 21, 1985 

Nobel Committee 

Dramensveien 19 

Oslo, Norway 

Dear Committee Members: 

We are honored to address you on behalf of a man who has devoted 

thirty years to teaching the world how to remember. As a survivor of 

various Nazi concentration camps, this man has inspired millions of 

people with his visionary words of peace and illuminating 

condemnation of war. We are referring to none other than Elie 

Wiesel. 

Elie Wiesel has chosen to live with his memories and nightmares 

of Hitler's reign of terror in order to teach others not to forget 

and let such a nightmare again become reality. This dedication to 

peace makes Elie Wiesel worthy of receiving the Nobel Peace Prize. 

Mr. Wiesel has traveled the path of human rights activism on his 

journey toward world peace. He has brought attention to crimes 

against humanity such as Vietnam and Cambodia. He strives to 

preserve the collective memory of the 6,000,000 Jews slaughtered 

during the holocaust in an attempt to achieve his goal of preventing 

humanity from ever again turning on itself. 

As a novelist and lecturer, Elie Wiesel has captured the hearts 

of millions of people throuahout the world. On October 28, 1981, 

Professor Wiesel addressed the International Liberator's Conference 

held at the State Department of the United States. Many of us who 

were there will never forget the faces of the survivors as they 

listened to him speak: "suffering is a private matter, a personal 

matter. And yet if we hadn't decided to share with you (our 

memories) then I'm afraid we would have caused humanity to be ashamed 

now even more for what it let be done then. Therefore we bear 

witness for all men...We must prevent more violence, more wars, and 

unmask hatred. Unless we do that, mankind has no chance of 

survival." 

Elie Wiesel is a hero by any standards, and it is time to 

recognize this messenger of memories and peace. We urge you to 

consider him as a worthy recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. 

Sincerely, 

•

laAAA-

- Nxialalic.440.111

Co-Signers on Letter to Nobel Committee on Behalf of Elie Wiesel 

O'Neil Dornan Bateman 

Michel Sissisky Bill Green 

Gejdenson Kildee Rinaldo 

Kemp Hughes Bryant 

Gilman R. Hall Lagomarsino 

Snowe Holt McCain 

Molinari Lott Porter 

Boehlert McCollum Gekas 

Gallo Livingston Coble 

Pursell Montgomery Vento 

Vucanovich Dyson Bilirakis 

McKiernan Tallon Fish 

J. Miller Lantos Horton 

Chandler ander M. Edwards 

Mazzoli Lightfoot L. Smith 

Walgren Kolbe Berman 

Leland 

Nickles 

Tauzin 

Stump 

Weber 

Hughes 

Dreier 

Robinson 

L. Martin Glickman 

Long 

Heftel 

Annunzio 

Mavroules 

Boland 

Andrews 

Bob Smith 

Porter 

Fascell 

B. Morrison 

Sharp 

Wolpe 

Heftel 

Levine 

Levin 

Bustamante 

Barnes 

McCurdy 

Dorgan 

Lent 

Kennelly 

Frank 

Eckart 

Yates 

Boxer 

G. Miller 

Durbin 

Beilenson 

Penny 

T. Hall 

Kostmayer 

Dwyer 

Kanjorski 

Manton 

Yatron 

Bosco 

Natcher 

Boland 

Bevill 

Scheuer 

Spencer 

Conte 

Stenholm 

Broomfield

THE ARTS/TELEvISION/CLASSIFIED 

TV Column: Joan Rivers 

to challenge Carson 

Art: John Frazee sculpture 

at the Portrait Gallery 

Holocaust Nlemorial Council Chairman Elie Wiesel at yesterday's remembrance ceremony. 

BY JAMES W ATHERTON—THE wASHINGTON POST 

The Ongoing Call of Rernernbrance 

At the Holocaust Gathering, 

Elie Wiesel Raises Protest 

Over 'Abuses of Man' 

-41MMILI■1 

UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL 

From left, Sigmund Strochlitz of the council, Rep. Jack Kemp and Sen. Frank Lautenberg. 

TV Preview 

Survivors and the Moral Lesson 

By Tom Shales 

WaAliligton PoNt Staff Writer 

A very old woman living in an idyllic French 

village says, "I think we all have memories of 

times when we should have done something and 

we didn't." But she did. During World War II, 

when Nazis occupied her town, she was among 

the local residents who hid Jews from the Gestapo, 

despite enormous risk to themselves. 

"Either you think that we are all brothers—or 

not," she says. 

In the monstrous tragedy of the Holocaust 

there are enough moral lessons for all of human 

lifetime. Some of the positive ones are celebrated 

in "The Courage to Care," an exceptional and 

hauntingly direct documentary that Channel 26 

will show at 10 tonight. Washington producer-director 

Robert Gardner interviewed survivors— 

Jews and those who gave them aid and sanctuary—and 

emerged with an intimate study in decency 

and hope. 

Though probably not intended as such, the 

film serves as counterpoint to such works as 

"The Sorrow and the Pity" and "Shoah," in which 

the impression is given that all of humanity stood 

idly by during Hitler's genocidal rampage, and as 

a companion piece to "Wallenberg: A Hero's Story," 

last year's NBC docudrama about the Swed- 

See TV PREVIEW, CU, Col. I 

By Carla Hall 

Wa,ungton Past Staff Writer 

At a ceremony yesterday to remember the 

Holocaust, concentration camp survivor and author 

Elie Wiesel decried the continuing "abuses 

of man" and singled out as an example Kurt 

Waldheim's explanation of his past. 

"The former highest official of the U.N., who 

is now running for president of Austria, finds refuge 

in oblivion," Wiese! said. "What is this, if not 

political cynicism on the highest level? Has the 

world learned nothing from its recent past?" 

Waldheim, now facing a run off election for the 

Austrian presidency, is alleged to have been involved 

in Nazi war crimes while serving in a German 

military unit that carried out reprisals 

against Yugoslav partisans and deported Greek 

Jews to death camps. 

The Waldheim controversy was part of the 

cI ntinuous call that was sounded, speaker after 

speaker, throughout • the Rotunda of the U.S. 

Capitol to remember the Holocaust—never to 

fI rget. Wiesel is chairman of the Holocaust 

Memorial Council, which sponsors the arinual 

Days of Remembrance observances. 

"We do not advocate rernernbrance simply as a 

form of self-indulgence or as a submission • 

to 

melancholy," said Wiesel, "but as I a mIleans of redemption 

of the future . • To remember the 

Holocaust is to express our profound belief that, 

though creation has been destroyed, or at least 

I in Belzec and Birkenau, it can be 

saved." 

There also appeared to be an effort to remember 

not only the 6 million Jews but others who 

perished •in the Holocaust. Most prominently 

mentioned by several speakers were gypsies and 

homosexuals. Gypsies in recent years have lobbied 

the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council for 

representation. 

See REMEMBRANCE, C4, Col.

C4 WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 1986 • • • THE WASHINGTON POST 

Gathering 

lb Remember 

The Holocaust 

REMEMBRANCE, From CI 

Holocaust survivors, Vice President Bush 

and Senate Majority Leader Robert Dole 

(R-Kan.) were among the speakers at the 

noon ceremony attended by 800, which included 

the lighting of memorial candles by 

members of the House and Senate and saying 

the Kaddish, the prayer for the dead. 

"Our challenge today," said Bush, "is to insist 

that time will not become the Nazis' 

friend ... that time will not fade our sense of 

the specificity, of the uniqueness of the Holocaust 

... that time will not lead us to make 

the Holocaust into an abstraction." 

Even one discordant voice—a bystander 

on the periphery of the Rotunda who began 

shouting and waving a placard, disrupting 

Wiesel's speech—recalled the Nazi past. 

When asked • to put her sign down, she threw 

herself to the floor and was dragged, 

screaming, out of the room by two Capitol 

Police officers, her screams echoing 

II wn the hallway. 

"I do not know what it is Wiesel said at 

the podium after she was escorted out, "but I 

am pained whenever I hear anyone cry. I am 

pained whenever I hear anyone shout." 

The woman, later identified as Eva Kor, 

52, of Terre Haute, Ind., was initially arrested 

for disorderly conduct, then released 

withI ut charges, according to U.S. Capitol 

Police Inspector Bob Howe. Kor's placard, 

according to police, read: "Mernorial cere- 

BY JAMES K ATHERTON-THE *A.SWNGTON POST 

Vice President Bush addresses the Days of Remembrance gathering in the Capitol Rotunda. 

monies are not enough. We want open hearings 

on Mengele-gate. I am on a hunger 

strike." 

Kor, a survivor of the Birkenau concentration 

camp, is one of a pair of twin sisters who 

became the subjects of barbaric experiments 

by Dr. Josef Mengele. Kor was liberated 

three days before her llth birthday. She attended 

a conference of some 10,000 Holocaust 

survivors here three years ago where 

she searched for other survivors of twins experiments 

and shared her typewritten memoirs, 

"Nothing but the Will to Live." 

In addition to the calls for remembrance, 

the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council presented 

the first Eisenhower Liberation Medal 

to three U.S. military men on behalf of all 

U.S. soldiers and officers involved in the liberation 

of the camps. Retired general J. Lawton 

(Lightning Joe) Gollins, 90, and retired 

lieutenant general William W. Quinn, 78, accepted 

awards for their parts as liberators as 

did U.S. Army Chief of Staff John Wickham. 

Dole, a decorated World War II veteran 

who has been supportive of the U.S. Holocaust 

Memorial Council, also received the 

medal. At the groundbreaking of the planned 

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum last October, 

Dole pledged to the council that the 

Senate would ratify the longstanding treaty 

deploring genocide. The treaty was ratified 

in February. 

"The memory of the Holocaust is filled 

with sadness, fear and unhappiness," said 

Wiesel in presenting the medals. "It also contains 

gratitude." He praised the military men 

"for your bravery, for your gallantry, for 

your humanity."

THE WAS0INGT0N PoST 

Wk;it;j IHave Seen the SS at Work ... Their Victims' ' 

A transcript of remarks yesterday 

by Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel as 

he accepted a Congressional Gold 

Medal from President Reagan: 

Mr. President, speaking of reconciliation, 

I was very pleased that 

we met before so a stage of reconciliation 

has been set in motion between 

us. But then, we were never 

on two sides. We were on the same 

side. We were always on the side of 

justice, always on the side of memory, 

against the SS and against 

what they represent. 

It was good talking to you and 

I'm grateful to you for the medal. 

But this medal is not mine alone. It 

belongs to all those who remember 

what SS killers have done -to their 

victims. It was given to me by the 

American people for my writings, 

teaching, and for my testimony. 

When I write, I feel my invisible 

teachers standing over my shoulders, 

reading my words and judging 

their veracity. And while I feel responsible 

for the living, I feel equally 

responsible to the dead. Their 

memory dwells in my memory. 

Forty years ago a young man 

awoke and he found himself an orphan 

in an orphaned world. What 

have I learned in the last 40 years? 

Small things. I learned the perils of 

language and those of silence. I 

learned that in extreme situations 

when human lives and dignity are at 

stake, neutrality is a sin. It helps 

the killers, not the victims. 

I learned the meaning of solitude, 

NIr. President. We were alone, desperately 

alone. Today is April 19th, 

and April 19, 1943, the Warsaw 

ghetto rose in arms against the onslaught 

of the Nazis. They were so 

few and so young and so helpless. 

And nobody came to their help. And 

they had to fight what was then the 

mightiest legion in Europe. 

Every underground received 

help, except the Jewish underground, 

and yet they managed to 

fight and resist and push back those 

Nazis and their accomplices for six 

weeks. And yet, the leaders of the 

free world, Mr. President, knew 

everything and did so little, or nothing, 

or at least nothing specifically 

to save Jewish children front death. 

You spoke of Jewish children, Mr. 

President. One million Jewish children 

perished. If I spent my entire 

life reciting their names, I would die 

before finishing the task. 

NIr. President, I have seen chil- 

- dren—I have seen them being 

thrown in the flames alive! 

, Words—they die on my lips. So I 

: have learned, I have learned the 

fragility of the human condition. 

_ 

ASSOCIAlf 0 PK, 

Concentration camp survivor Elie Wiesel at U.S. Capitol ceremony Thursday. 

And I'm reminded of the great 

moral essayist, the gentle and 

forceful Abe Rosenthal, having 

ited Auschwitz, once wrote an extraordinary 

reportage about the 

persecution of Jews, and he called 

it, "Forgive them not Father, for 

they knew what they did." 

I have learned that the Holocaust 

was a unique and uniquely Jewish 

event, albeit with universal implications. 

Not all victims were Jews. 

But all Jews were victims. I have 

learned the danger of indifference, 

the crime of indifference. For the 

opposite of love, I have learned, is 

not hate, but indifference. 

Jews were killed by the enemy, 

but betrayed by their so-called Allies 

who found political reasons to 

justify their indifference or passivity. 

But I've also learned that suffering 

confers no privileges. It all depends 

what one does with it. And 

this is why survivors of whom you 

spoke, Mr. President, have tried to 

teach their contemporaries how to 

build on ruins, how to invent hope in 

a world that offers none, how to 

proclaim faith to a generation that 

has seen it shamed and mutilated. 

And I believe, we believe, that 

memory is the answer—perhaps 

the only answer. 

A few days ago, on the anniversary 

of the liberation of Buchenwald, 

all of us Americans watched 

with dismay and anger as the Soviet 

Union and East Germany distorted 

both past and present history. Mr. 

President, I was there. I was there 

when American liberators arrived.. 

And they gave us back our lives. 

And what I felt for them then 

nourishes me to the end of my days. 

and will do so. If you only knew 

what we tried to do with them then, 

we who were so weak that we 

couldn't carry our own lives—we 

tried to carry them in triumph! 

Mr. President, we are grateful to 

the American Army for liberating 

us. We are grateful to this country—the 

greatest democracy in the 

world, the freest nation in the 

world, the moral nation, the authority 

in the world. And we are grateful 

especially to this country for 

having offered us haven and refuge 

and grateful to its leadership for 

being so friendly to Israel. 

NIr. President, do you know that 

the ambassador of Israel, who sits 

next to you, who is my friend and 

has been for so many years, is 

self a survivor? And if you knew all 

the causes we fought together for 

the last 30 years you should be 

prouder of him. And we are proud 

of him. 

And we are grateful, of course, to 

Israel. We are eternally grateful to 

Israel for existing. We needed Israel 

in 1948, as we need it now. 

And we are grateful to Congress for 

its continuous philosophy of humanism 

and compassion for the underprivileged. 

And as for yourself, Mr. President, 

we are so grateful to you for 

being a friend of the Jewish people, 

for trying to help the oppressed 

Jews in the Soviet Union, and to do 

whatever we can to save Scharansky 

and Abe Stolar and Josef 

Begun and Sakharov, and all the 

dissidents who need freedom. And, 

of course, we thank you for your 

support of the Jewish state of Israel. 

But, Mr. President, I wouldn't be 

the person I am, and you wouldn't 

respect me for what I am. if I were 

not to tell you also of the sadness 

that is in my heart for what happened 

during the last S. week. And I 

am sure that you, are sad for 

the same reasons. 

What can I do? I belong to a traumatized 

generation. And to us, as to 

you, symbols are important. And 

furaerinore, following our ancient 

tradtion—and we are speaking 

aboit Jewish heritage—our traditior 

commands us "to speak truth to 

power." 

may I speak to you, Mr. President, 

with respect and admiration 

of the events that happened. We 

have met four or five times. And 

each time I came away enriched, for 

I know of your commitment to humanity. 

And, therefore, I am convinced 

as you have told us earlier 

wl-ien we spoke that you were not 

awI. re of the presence of SS graves 

in the Bitburg cemetery. Of course 

yI u didn't know. But now we all are 

aware. Nlay I. NIr. President, if it's 

possiI le at all, implore you to do 

something else, to find a way, to 

find another way, another site. That 

place, Mr. President, is not your 

place. Your place is with the victims 

of the SS. 

Oh, we know there are political 

and strategic reasons. But this issue, 

as all issues related to that 

awesome event, transcends politics 

anI diplomacy. The issue here is 

not politics, but good and evil. And 

we must never confuse them, for I 

have seen the SS at work, and I 

have seen their victims. 

They were my friends. They 

were my parents. Mr. President. 

there was a degree of suffering and 

lonelinI•ss in the concentration 

camps that defies imagination. Cut 

off from the world with no refuge 

anywhere, sons watched helplessly 

their fathers being beaten to death. 

Mothers watched their children die 

of hunger. And then there was 

Mengele and his selections, terror, 

fear, isolation, torture, gas chambers, 

flames, flames rising to the 

heavens. 

But, Mr. President, I know and I 

understand, we all do, that you seek 

reconciliation. So do I. So do we. 

And I, too, wish to attain true reconciliation 

with the German people. 

I do not believe in collective guilt, 

nor in collective responsibility. Only 

the killers were guilty. Their sons 

and daughters are not. And I believe, 

Mr. President, that we can 

and we must work together with 

them and with all people. And we 

must work to bring peace and understanding 

to a tormented world 

that, as you know, is still awaiting 

redempt ion. 

I thank you, Nil-. President.

PIP THE WASIII:myloN VON 

• 4'` 

Pro-Israel Lobby Joins Protest 

Letter Adds to Voices Urging Reagan to cancel Bitburg Visit 

By John M. Goshko 

and Rick Atkinson 

Washington Post Std( Writers 

The main pro-Israel lobbying 

group asked President Reagan yesterday 

not to "shame the victims of 

Nazi tyranny" by visiting a German 

military cemetery next month, and 

death camp survivor Elie Wiesel 

said West German Chancellor Helmut 

Kohl should release Reagan 

from his pledge to make the stop. 

Reagan and Kohl have held firm 

against growing pressure from Jewish 

Americans to skip a wreath-laying 

ceremony May 5 at West Germany's 

Bitburg cemetery, which 

contains the graves of 47 of Hitler's 

brutal SS troops. On Friday, the 

president telephoned Kohl to reaffirm 

his commitment to visit Bitburg. 

The American Israel Public Affairs 

Committee (AIPAC), which 

began its annual meeting here yesterday 

with an address by Secretary 

of State George P. Shultz, approved 

a letter to Reagan saying that "as 

human beings, as Americans and as 

Jews," its members believe Reagan 

should cancel his plans. 

"To honor those SS soldiers who 

spread terror and death . . . dishonors 

their victims—the Jews and the 

American GIs they slaughtered only 

30 miles away at Malmedy—and it 

dishonors those Germans who are 

today.working to build a democratic 

and free Germany," the letter said. 

More than 100 U.S. prisoners were 

massacred at Malmedy during the 

Battle of the Bulge. 

Despite the emotional tone of the 

letter, the AIPAC delegates gave a 

warm reception to Shultz, interrupting 

him with enthusiastic applause 

26 times as he reaffirmed 

the administration's commitment to 

Israel's security and help with its 

economic problems. Although 

Shultz briefly answered questions 

after his speech, no one asked about 

the Bitburg visit. 

Wiesel, chairman of the U.S. Holocaust 

Memorial Council, said on 

ABC's "This Week With David 

Brinkley" that Kohl "holds the key" 

to releasing Reagan from his commitment 

to visit the cemetery. "I 

think if Chancellor Kohl really seeks 

reconciliation, and I think he does, 

he should come out with a statement 

now and say to the president, 

'Mr. President, I realize now that 

this journey could be difficult for 

you and therefore I release you 

from your commitment. And please 

let us go elsewhere,' " Wiesel said. 

In a moving speech at the White 

House Friday, when he received a 

Congressional Gold Medal from 

Reagan, Wiesel implored the president 

to reconsider his plan. 

Wiesel's suggestion that Kohl 

could rescue Reagan from what has 

become an embarrassing and divisive 

itinerary was echoed yesterday 

by Senate Majority Leader Robert 

J. Dole (R-Kan.), who suggested on 

NBC's "Meet the Press" that the 

chancellor put forth an alternative 

to Bitburg. 

"I don't know how they're going 

to get out of it," Dole said. "It's a 

serious problem that isn't going to 

go away." 

In the wake of protest surrounding 

the cemetery stop, the White 

House expanded Reagan's itinerary 

to include a visit to the Bergen-Belsen 

concentration camp. 

Wiesel also disputed Reagan's 

earlier contention that some soldiers 

buried at Bitburg were Nazi 

victims "just as surely" as Jews and 

others sent to concentration camps. 

"Comparing the victims to those 

who are not victims" is wrong, Wiesel 

said. "The SS must be still considered 

as an outcast of human history." 

Rep. Stephen J. Solarz 

also a member of the Holocaust Memorial 

Council, said he "rather 

doubts" that anyone will resign 

from the council to protest Reagan's 

trip. "I think cooler heads will 

prevail," said Solarz, who appeared 

on the ABC program with Wiesel. 

Wiesel suggested that a more 

appropriate site for Reagan and 

Kohl to "pay tribute to the real heroes 

of Germany" would be the German 

prison where anti-Nazi resistance 

leaders were beheaded. 

Shultz, in his AIPAC speech, appealed 

to the Arab world to cooperate 

with Jordan's King Hussein in 

the effort to find a basis for expanded 

peace negotiations between 

Israel and a Jordanian delegation 

that would include Palestinians who 

are not members of the Palestine 

Liberation Organization. 

"Now is the time for the Arabs to 

let negotiations proceed," Shultz 

said. "Now is the time for the Arabs 

to let King Hussein come forward. 

There is no alternative to direct 

negotiation; the longer this truth is 

evaded, the longer the Palestinian 

people are the victims." 

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Bonn Leader Praises Reagan 

For His Decision on Itinerary 


day and again on Thursday, said that 

most of the German soldiers buried in 

Bitburg were as much victims of the 

Nazis as the inmates of the concentration 

camps. The cemetery includes the 

graves of 47 members of the SS, the 

Nazi elite guard. 

Earlier in the day, a senior West German 

official said in Bonn that the outcry 

over President Reagan's plans to 

visit the cemetery was generating feelings 

of 

that could alienate younger Germans 

from the Atlantic alliance. 

The official, Alois Mertes, a Christian 

Democratic Member of rliament 

and Minister of State in the Foreign 

Ministry, said in an interview: "I 

find it an insult to the President to rate 

his visit to the KolmeshOhe Cemetery 

in Bitburg as anything but a noble gesture 

toward the Gerrnan people, whose 

guest he is and who in the last 30 years 

as close allies of the United States have 

built a democratic state in the free part 

of Germany." 

Mr. Mertes has represented thitburg 

constituency in Parliament since 

e B 

1972. He was born in nearby Gerolstein 

said he was consciously using a hateful 

II 

in 1921 and reached the rank of lieutenant 

in the Wehrmacht in World War II. 

expression employed by the Nazis 

against the Jews — Sippenhaftung, or 

He is one of his party's most active defenders 

of close relations with the 

race liability. 

United States and Israel. 

He noted that for the last 25 years, 

Anierican, French and West German 

military officers had gathered in the 

Bitburg cemetery on the third Sunday 

in November to remember their compatriots 

who fell in the war. A French Reagan's visit to Europe began 

Since preparations for President 

garrison and an American air base are last year, plans for the itinerary 

in Bitburg, which is in the Eifel hills have been revised several times. 

near the Luxembourg border. 

Here are some of the developments. 

Sees ril to Ties With West 

Mr. Mertes Peiiil 

said the annual gatherings 

in the cemetery were regarded by 

young Germans "as a sign of recon 

ation and friendship." 

But he said the storm in the United 

States over the Reagan visit • "risks 

creating deck) feelings of bitterness" 

among young Germans that could lead 

them to question West Germany's ties 

to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

and the West. 

The remarks by the Minister of 

State, who is second in rank to Foreign 

Minister HaDietrich Genscher, 

were the most outspoken and extensive 

I y a senior West German official on the 

domestic reaction to the dispute in the 

United States. The comments reflected 

widespread chagrin in the Kohl Government. 

Mr. Mertes said he hoped a resolu- 

II 

tion by 53 United States senators calling 

on Mr. Reagan to cancel the Bitburg 

visit "does not represent the feelings 

of the Arnerican people." 

In Bitburg, he said, relations between 

Germans and Americans assigned 

to the 36th Tactical Fighter 

Wing at the air base are excellent. 

'The Bitterness Is Growing' 

terness" in West Germany 

"For my constituents, who have such 

good ties to Americans, the declara- 

ml 

tions of the Senators are not understandable," 

Mr. Mertes said. "The 

terness is growing. - 

"We Germans are aware that the 

genocide against the European Jews 

was not an event of war. It was a terrible 

crime that happened in the name of 

Germany." 

But he said the outcry in the United 

States against the visit had generated 

perceptions in West Germany of "collective 

guilt and race liability" for Nazi 

crimes among generations of Germans 

born after the war. 

Mr. Mertes, who spoke in German, 

Associated Press 

Michael K. Deaver, White House deputy chief of staff, walking past a wreath 

Thursday while touring concentration camp in Dachau, West Germany. 

Reagan's Visit to Europe: Changing Plans 

Nov. 30 — In a meeting with President 

Reagan in Washington, 

Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West 

Germany stresses the importance 

Bonn attaches to having 

some part in 40th-anniversary 

commemoration of V-E Day and 

urges Mr. Reagan to visit a German 

military. cemetery during 

his visit as a symbol of reconciliation. 

Jan. 28 — The White House announces 

that President Reagan 

will add trips to Spain and Portugal 

to his planned trip to West 

Germany in May. It also announces 

that Mr. Reagan will 

commemorate the 40th anniversary 

of V-E Day and confer with 

Chancellor Kohl. 

Feb. 14 — The White House announces 

that it has canceled 

plans to take part in ceremonies 

in West Germany on May 8 

marking the Allied triumph over 

the Nazis. A new itinerary calls 

for the President to arrive in 

Bonn on May 1 for talks with the 

West Germans, attend the twoday 

economic meeting of the 

leaders of the seven non-Communist 

industrial nations May 24, 

then conduct a state visit in West 

Germany before V-E Day. 

March 21 — In a news conference, 

President Reagan announces 

that he will not visit the site of a 

Nazi concentration camp and 

says he feels "very strongly" 

about not "reawakening the 

memU ries" of the past. 

April 11 — The White House announces 

that President Reagan 

plans to lay a wreath at a German 

military cemetery. The 

visit to the cemetery, at Bitburg, 

West Germany, near the Luxembourg 

border, is said tu be in line 

with the theme of reconciliation 

Mr. Reagan plans to seek during 

his European trip. 

April 12 — The White House. facing 

growing protests about the plan 

to lay a wreath at a German 

tary cemetery, says ceremony at 

cemetery is under review. 

April 16 — President Reagan, in a 

reversal of his plans, announces 

that he will visit the site of a Nazi 

concentration camp as well as 

the German military cemetery.

Wiesel, at the White House, Asks 

Reagan to Cancel Cemetery Visit 

President Also to Visit Bonn's Leader Praises 

Concentration Camp Reagan for Decision 

at Bergen-Belsen and Says It Is 'Final' 

By BERNARD WEINRAUB 

Special to The N.. York Times 

WASHINGTON, April 19 — President 

Reagan listened intently today as mut Kohl said today that he was grati- 

BONN, April 19 — Chancellor Hel- 

Elie Wiesel, chairman of the United fied President Reagan had reaffirmed 

States Holocaust Memorial Council, his intention to visit a German military 

implored him to cancel a visit to a German 

cemetery where Nazi war dead he was "a friend of the Germans." 

cemetery next month, saying it showed 

are buried. 

Mr. Kohl told a West German television 

interviewer that he arid Mr. Rea- 

"That place, Mr. President, is not 

your place," Mr. Wiesel told Mr. Reagan 

at White House ceremonies honorvised 

plan to visit both the Bitburg 

gan had discussed the President's reing 

the 56-year-old writer. "Your place cemetery and the site of the Bergenis 

with the victims of the SS." Belsen concentration camp and that 

White House 

Mr. 

Announcement 

Reagan's decision on hiS Ge_rman 

The moment, in the silence of the 

packed Roosevelt Room, came on a 

day when the White House announced 

that Mr. Reagan would visit the Bergen-Belsen 

concentration camp site. 

Elie Wiesel's dav in Washington 

began at 4 A.M. It would end many 

hours later with Mr. Weisel saying, 

"I am still hopeful." Page 4. 

His visit to the camp, where Anne 

Frank died, will be made on the same 

day that he attends wreath-laying ceremonies 

at the Bitburg military cemetery, 

which includes the graves of 47 SS 

soldiers, members of the Nazi elite 

guard. 

Despite Mr. Wiesel's plea, the White 

House said Mr. Reagan would not 

change his plans to lay a wreath at Bitburg, 

accompanid by Chancellor Helmut 

Kohl, who requestd e• e the visit. 

Reagan Is 'Obviously Moved' 

Asked about Mr. Reagan's response 

to Mr. Wiesel's speech, the White 

House spokesman, Larry Speakes, 

said, "The President was obviously 

moved." 

Drama surrounded Mr. Wiesel's appearance 

at the White House, where he 

received the Congressional Gold Medal 

of Achievement, the highest honor that 

the Government gives to civilians. 

Even when he entered the P.00seveit 

Roott after a 26-rninute meeting with 

Mr. Rear;.n, it was unclear what he 

Tension was heightened further 

when Mr. Wiesel told friends that Mar- 

By JAMES M. MARKHAM 


itinerary was "final.'' The Bergen-Belsen 

visit was announced today by the 

White House. 

The Chancellor added that Germans 

"ought to be very reserved" in regard 

to the American debate over Mr.• Reagan's 

plan to visit the cemetery, which 

has sparked strong criticism from 

American veteranS' organizations as 

well as Jewish groups in West Germany 

and the United States. 

/ 

'Hard Decision' for Reagan 

"I know that this was a hard decision 

for the President," the West German 

leader said, adding thm he understood 

the reaction of Americari Jews and 

tims of what he called "the Nazi bar- 

barity.- 

Chancellor Kohl, describing an 

tensive" telephone talk he had today 

with Mr. Reagan, said : "It was really a 

conversation among friends. And I am 

gratified that the American President, 

40 years after the war, is ready to make 

this -r 

of reconciliation." 

Mr. Kohl, who was interviewed in a 

Bonn television studio, looked subdued 

as he spoke. The controversy over th, 

Reagan visit has deePly erabarra,sed 

his Government. 

Cites `Conective Shame' 

The Chancellor said that he was opposed 

to the conception of "collective 

guilt" for the crimes of the Nazis but 

that he embraced the notion of "collective 

shame " He said he hoped the visit 

to theJ3itnizett c emetery if would hecome 

"a synibel ot 

would say and how Mr. Reagan would 

I Widespread protests begae, stter the 

react. Mr. Wiesel told friends that although 

he worked on his speech 

I White House announced April 11 that 

Mr. Reagan would lay a wreath at the 

through the night, he remained uncertain 

this morning if he would actually 11 

cemetery, but would hold to his decision, 

announced the month before, not 

give it or boyc.ott the ceremonies. 

1 to visit the site of a concentration 

camp. Criticism mounted further when 

Mr. Reagan, at a state dinner W'ednes- 

Continued on Page 4, Column 4 I Continued on Page 5, Column 1 

• 

The Neer Tort Ilinee/Ted 111emeres 

President Reagan and Vice President Bush listening to Elle Wiese! during ceremony at the White House.

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