The Orera section (Calatayud Basin, NE Spain) - Universiteit Utrecht

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Chapter I the astronomical polarity time scale into the middle Miocene. Acknowledgements We are very grateful to have enjoyed pleasant fieldwork and discussions with Prof. Dr. R. Daams and Dr. M. Hoyos. Sadly, both passed away during the final writing of this manuscript. Prof. Dr. C.E. Langereis and Prof. Dr. JE. Meulenkamp are thanked for their critical comments. Many thanks to S. Ernst, A. Blommendal, L. Pronk, A. Ockx and Y. Beukers for field (sampling) assistance. We also thank Dr. P. Olsen and Prof. Dr. Steininger for reviewing this manuscript. This research was supported by the Netherlands Geosciences Foundation (ALW) with financial aid form the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The work was carried out in the program of the Netherlands Research School of Sedimentary Geology (NSG).
Astronomical forcing of sedimentary cycles in the Calataynd Basin Appendix I - Detailed description ofthe Orera sedimentary cycles Orera Base (OB) Cycles: l-ro; potential extra cycles: 6A and 9A. The cycles and carbonate beds in subsection OB vary in thickness. In the lower interval (1 -4), cycle 1 is about 4 m thick and is dominated by reddish brown clay with a faintly developed carbonate bed. The carbonate beds ofcycles 4 and 5 are more distinct and have a thickness of0.7 and 1.15 m, respectively. The regular cycles ofthe upper interval (6-10) are about 1.6 m thick but the carbonate beds of these cycles vary, also laterally, considerable in thickness. Cycles 8 and ro consist ofthe thickest and most conspicuous carbonate beds. Cementerio (CM) Cycles: 3-18; potential extra cycles: 13A, 15A, 17A and 18A. The cycles ofthe lower interval (5 12) comprise prominent and thick carbonate beds such as cycles 5, 8,9 and ro, which are often subdivided into several thin beds. The most marked cycles are 7 and 8. Cycle 7 is 2.3 m thick and consists of a 20 cm thick carbonate and greyish-brown clay that grades upwards to reddish brown and finally to laminated green (carbonate-rich) clay. Cycle 8 is distinguished by its 0.55 m thick carbonate bed, which is subdivided into 6-8 thin beds. Cycle 13 also comprises a thick well-developed carbonate of approximately 0.8 m thick. The dark, red-coloured, middle interval between cycles 13 to 15 consists of poorly developed and bioturbated (by rootlets) clayey carbonate beds. The cycles in the upper interval (cycles 16- I 8) are more distinct due to well-developed carbonate beds. Cycle 18 is furthermore distinguished by its red colour. Orera Village (ORE) Cycles 18-34; potential extra cycles: 18A and 28A. Not all cycles in the lower interval are equally well developed. Cycle 21 of the lower interval (I 8-27) contains a vague double carbonate bed with intercalated dark grey-brown clay, which laterally is amalgamated into a single bed. Another prominent cycle is cycle 23 with dark greenish-grey clay forming a conspicuous feature that becomes laterally less obvious. Cycle 25 is characterised by distinct carbonate bed and red clay. The red clay can be traced laterally into the carbonate-dominated facies of adjacent outcrops. In the upper interval (28-34), carbonates are indistinct and less frequently intercalated, and may laterally even disappear, as in the case of cycle 28A. The cycles in this reddish interval are poorly developed and are difficult to distinguish due to the poor expression ofcarbonate beds. As mentioned above, lateral changes occur for instance in cycles 21 and 28A. Most remarkable, however, is the lateral change into a carbonate-dominated facies. This change takes place within a distance ofless than 100 m in northwestern direction. The carbonate-dominated facies is well exposed in nearby laterally equivalent sections. The facies comprises carbonate beds, W"hich are divided into distinct thin beds that obscure the cyclicity clearly recognised in ORE. 39
Page 2 and 3: GEOLOGICA ULTRAIECTINA Mededelingen
Page 4 and 5: Astronomical forcing in continental
Page 6 and 7: Voor mijn ouders
Page 8 and 9: Contents Bibliography II Introducti
Page 10 and 11: Introduction and summary During the
Page 12 and 13: common and many of these repetitive
Page 14 and 15: confirmed by magnetostratigraphy, r
Page 16 and 17: especially related to obliquity and
Page 18 and 19: Chapter [ Introduction Time control
Page 20 and 21: Chapter l and L6pez Martinez, 1985)
Page 22 and 23: Chapter T VT-III 91 90 VII 88 86 84
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 Overlap LY The short subs
Page 26 and 27: Chapter I Cycle hierarchy Visual ch
Page 28 and 29: Chapter [ The natural remanent magn
Page 30 and 31: Chapter I maximum unblocking temper
Page 32 and 33: Chapter I enables us to define the
Page 36 and 37: Chapter [ Valdelosterreros I (VT-I)
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2 The Orera section (Calata
Page 40 and 41: The Orera section Orera section is
Page 42 and 43: The Orera section 20 ~ 10 Om ocs I
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 Paleoenvironmental reCOll
Page 46 and 47: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction R
Page 48 and 49: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction (
Page 50 and 51: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction m
Page 52 and 53: Paleoenvironmencal recon)trllction
Page 54 and 55: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction o
Page 56 and 57: Paleoenvlronn1ental reconstruction
Page 58 and 59: PaleoenvIronmental reconostruction
Page 60 and 61: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction N
Page 62 and 63: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction c
Page 64 and 65: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction 1
Page 66 and 67: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction r
Page 68 and 69: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction p
Page 70 and 71: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction r
Page 72 and 73: Paleoenvironnlental reconstruction
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 4 An astronomical polarity
Page 76 and 77: APTS for the middle Miocene ages fo
Page 78 and 79: I APTS for rhe middle Miocene Des C
Page 80 and 81: Depth domain Entire records Cycle i
Page 82 and 83: APTS for the middle Miocene The fil
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APTS for the middle Miocene saprope
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APTS for the middle M,occne L*-valu
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APTS for the middle Miocene 165 ,.,
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APTS for the middle Miocene The int
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APTS for the middle Miocene though
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Chron Lithology and cycle Stratigra
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APTS for the middle Miocene Ages of
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APTS for the middle Miocene interpr
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APTS for the middle Miocene Finally
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Chapter 5 Introduction Sedimentary
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Chapter 5 ofthe Iberian Chain and t
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Chapler 5 Canizar 25 * 20 g~~:~ _ 3
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Chapter 5 Figure 3b. indicated Phot
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Chapter 5 multierestatus, which are
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Chapter 5 above 600°C, to a maximu
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Chapter 5 80 Cascante Depth domain
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Chapter 5 Figure 6. Correlation of
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Chapter 5 ' l 46 L'-value maximum t
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Chapter 5 Cascante Age Model-1 9.4
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Chapter 5 points ofthe base ofC5n.r
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Chapter 5 Phase relationship The pa
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Chapter 6 One new subchron (Csr.2r-
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New subchron and cryptochrons requi
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New subchron and cryptochrons Corre
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NRM New subchron and cryptochrons (
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New subchron and cryptochrons throu
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New subchron and cryptochrons Figur
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New subchron and cryptochrons Linea
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New subchron and cryptochrons 6 (Fi
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New subchron and cryptochrons hemat
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New subchron and cryptochrons I ~g:
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New subchron and cryptochrous prefe
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References Abdul Aziz, H., Calvo, J
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Calvo,].P., Abdul Aziz, H., Hilgen,
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Dekkers, M.J., 1989. Magnetic prope
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Hilgen, FJ., Krijgsman, W., Raffi,
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Earth from -20 Myr to +IO Myr. Astr
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Pisias, N.G, Dauphin, J.P. and Sanc
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Shackleton, N.J., Crowhurst, S., Ha
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ecord. Rev. Ceophys. Space Phys. 15
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correspond to periods of prolonged
Page 166 and 167:
extending the APTS further down int
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- op basis van multidisciplinaire e
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van polariteit verwisselde heeft ge
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en In meren. Acht, gedeeltelijk ove
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In hoofdstuk 4 wordt het bewijs gel
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Acknowledgements Many (ex-)colleagu
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Curriculum Vitae Hayf;la Abdul Azi7
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The Orera section (Calatayud Basin, NE Spain) - Universiteit Utrecht

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