Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) - Gezondheidsraad

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Data on rats exposed to mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons showed that exposure to a mixture containing an estimated concentration of butane of 2950 mg/m 3 did not induce an increase in the incidence of macroscopic or microscopic organ lesions. Exposure to another mixture containing an estimated concentration of butane of 5670 mg/m 3 increased the incidence of kidney lesions (hydrocarbon-induced nephropathy) when compared to controls. However, in these studies, effect levels were not identified and effects on the central nervous system, a potential target organ, were not addressed. Therefore, the committee is of the opinion that the studies cannot be used as starting points in deriving a health-based occupational exposure limit. Butane was negative in in vitro mutation assays in S. typhimurium and E. coli and in a sex-linked recessive lethal mutation assay in D. melanogaster. The committee considers the toxicological database on butane too poor to justify recommendation of a health-based occupational exposure limit. Based on the animal data from studies with butane-containing mixtures (Ara86, Hal86), the committee concludes that there is no reason to suspect that the current occupational exposure limit of 1430 mg/m 3 (600 ppm), as an 8-hour time-weighted average, is too high. LPG Apart from a few fatal cases and one case of nausea, malaise, general weakness of the lower limbs, and acute hepatitis, the committee did not find any information from reports on toxic effects of LPG in men and experimental animals. The committee considers the toxicological database on LPG too poor to justify recommendation of a health-based occupational exposure limit. Based on the available human and animal data on butane, the committee has no reason to suspect that the current administrative MAC value for LPG of 1800 mg/m 3 (1000 ppm), as an 8-hour time-weighted average, is too high. References ACG02a American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Liquified petroleum gas. In: Documentation of the TLVs ® and BEIs ® with other worldwide occupational exposure values. CD- ROM - 2002. Cincinnati, OH, USA: ACGIH ® , 2002. 134-16 Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits
ACG02b American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Propane. In: Documentation of the TLVs ® and BEIs ® with other worldwide occupational exposure values. CD-ROM - 2002. Cincinnati, OH, USA: ACGIH ® , 2002. ACG02c American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Butane, all isomers: In: Documentation of the TLVs ® and BEIs ® with other worldwide occupational exposure values. CD- ROM - 2002. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH ® , 2002. ACG04a American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Guide to occupational exposure values - 2004. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH ® , 2004: 17, 84, 120. ACG04b American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 2004 TLVs ® and BEIs ® based on the documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical agents & Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH ® , 2004: 15, 36, 47. Amo83 Amoore JE, Hautala E. Odor as an aid to chemical safety: odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution. J Appl Toxicol 1983; 3: 272-90. Ara86 Aranyi C, O'Shea WJ, Halder CA, et al. Absence of hydrocarbon-induced nephropathy in rats exposed subchronically to volatile hydrocarbon mixtures pertinent to gasoline. Toxicol Ind Health 1986; 2: 85-98. Arb02 Arbejdstilsynet. Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer. Copenhagen, Denmark: Arbejdstilsynet, 2002: 18, 26, 35 (At-vejledning C.0.1). Avi74 Aviado DM, Belej MA. Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circulatory systems. I. Cardiac arrhythmia in the mouse. Toxicology 1974; 2: 31-42. Avi75 Aviado DM, Smith DG. Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circulatory systems. VIII. Respiration and circulation in primates. Toxicology 1975; 3: 241-52. Avi94 Avis PS, Archibald JT. Asphyxial suicide by propane inhalation and plastic bag suffocation. J Forens Sci 1994; 39: 253-6. Ayd03 Aydin Y, Özçakar L. Occupational hepatitis due to chronic inhalation of propane and butane gases. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57: 546. Bel74 Belej MA, Smith DG, Aviado DM. Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circulatory systems. IV. Cardiotoxicity in the monkey. Toxicology 1974; 2: 381-95. Ber95a Berzins T. n-Propane. Nordia 1995; 28: 175-92. Ber95b Berzins T. Butane. Nordia 1995; 28: 10-26. Bla98 Bland JM, Taylor J. Deaths from accidental drug poisoning in teenagers. Deaths due to volatile substance misuse are greatly underestimated. BMJ 1998; 316: 146. Bow99 Bowen SE, Daniel J, Balster RL. Deaths associated with inhalant abuse in Virginia from 1987 to 1996. Drug Alcohol Depend 1999; 53: 239-45. Cav94 Cavender F. Toxicology of aliphatic hydrocarbons. In: Clayton GD, Clayton FE, ed. Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, USA: J Wiley and Sons, 1994: 1221-66 (Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology; Vol IIB). Cha02 Chaudhry S. Deaths from volatile substance misuse fall. BMJ 2002; 325: 122. 134-17 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), Propane, Butane
Page 1 and 2: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (CAS
Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction The present document
Page 5 and 6: 4 Uses The proportion of longer cha
Page 7 and 8: Butane is distributed to various ti
Page 9 and 10: Butane Several individual cases or
Page 11 and 12: increases (not statistically signif
Page 13 and 14: scored based on the presence of hya
Page 15: The committee considers the toxicol
Page 19 and 20: Hal86 Halder CA, van Gorp GS, Hatou
Page 21 and 22: Annex Occupational exposure limits
Page 23 and 24: Occupational exposure limits for bu

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) - Gezondheidsraad

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