MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS BMB 526
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS BMB 526
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS BMB 526
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COURSE TITLE and NUMBER: <strong>MOLECULAR</strong> <strong>BIOLOGY</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>GENETICS</strong><br />
<strong>BMB</strong> <strong>526</strong> (Fall semester, 2011)<br />
FACULTY: Andrea Amalfitano Rebecca Bettin<br />
Office – 4194 Biomedical & Physical Sciences LHCP Suite 6100<br />
145 Michigan Street, GR<br />
Phone - 517-884-5324 616-486-6219<br />
E-mail - amalfit1@msu.edu rebecca.bettin@<br />
SpectrumHealth.Org<br />
FACULTY: Daniela Iacoboni Raquel P. Ritchie<br />
Office - B207 Life Sciences 117 UC-4, MUC<br />
Phone - 517-432-3870 586-263-6296<br />
E-mail - iacoboni@msu.edu rritchie@msu.edu<br />
FACULTY: Jana Simmons Helga Toriello<br />
Office - 617 Secchia Center 363 Secchia Center<br />
Phone - 616-234-2787 616-234-2712<br />
E-mail - simmjana@msu.edu toriello@msu.edu<br />
FACULTY: John Wang Carol Wilkins Stamatina Ziemba<br />
Office - 402C Biochemistry 106A Biochemistry CG-68C, DMC<br />
Phone - 517-353-9542 517-353-4927 313-578-9668<br />
E-mail - wangj@msu.edu mindockc@msu.edu tziemba@msu.edu<br />
.<br />
Section Codes for the Course:<br />
301 for CHM-EL;<br />
302 for CHM-GR;<br />
303 for COM-EL;<br />
304 for COM-DMC;<br />
305 for COM-MUC<br />
Lines of Communication:<br />
(a) Administrative aspects of the Course: contact course coordinator, John L. Wang<br />
(b) Scientific content pertaining to a specific lecture or topic: contact the instructor teaching<br />
that specific portion of the course or your on-site instructor.<br />
(c) Missed exams: CHM-EL students --- Dr. Wanda Lipscomb (517-353-7140)<br />
CHM-GR students --- Dr. Wanda Lipscomb (616-234-2805)<br />
COM-EL students --- Dr. William Falls (517-353-7741)<br />
COM-DMC students --- Dr. Gary Willyerd (313-578-9600)<br />
COM-MUC students --- Dr. Kari Hortos (586-263-6731)<br />
Course Web Site: The URL for the Course web site is http://angel.msu.edu.<br />
You should pay attention to four MAIN sections at this website:<br />
(1) Announcements – Course-related communication to the class will be made here. You should<br />
check for announcements on a daily basis.
(2) Syllabus - Information in this course protocol (textbooks, exam dates, grading system, rules<br />
and regulations, etc.) and information on the instructional team will be provided.<br />
(3) Course Content – Lecture recordings, tutorials (TT), self-study module (SSM), and all other<br />
scientific material will be deposited.<br />
(4) Communicate - You will find a Discussion board on either "interesting" or "frequently<br />
asked" questions.<br />
Although each visit to any section of Angel by an individual student is “tracked” by the computer<br />
and the instructors of the course will have access to such information, we do not intend to use it.<br />
Office Hours: Students are encouraged: (a) to address questions and suggestions to instructors via<br />
the E-mail system; (b) to seek individual consultation with the lecturer or the on-site instructor by<br />
appointment throughout the semester; and (c) to attend help sessions.<br />
Help Sessions: (no new material will be presented; attendance optional; no recording<br />
will be made of these question-and-answer sessions except as noted in (c) below)<br />
(a) In EL, Help Sessions are scheduled for the following dates, times, and venues.<br />
Date Time Instructor Location<br />
Friday, Nov. 4<br />
Monday, Nov. 28<br />
Wednesday, Dec. 14<br />
4 - 6 pm<br />
4:30 - 6:30 pm<br />
1 - 2 pm<br />
Wilkins<br />
Instructional Team<br />
Instructional Team<br />
102 Conrad<br />
102 Conrad<br />
E-202 Fee<br />
(b) Help Sessions corresponding to the above dates and times will be arranged and announced on the<br />
Angel course website for GR, DMC, and MUC. (These non-EL sites do not have to compete with<br />
the rest of the University in terms of classroom/auditorium reservations and can schedule their<br />
sessions most convenient for their lab or small group schedules.)<br />
(c) The Monday, November 28 Help Session will be broadcast ---<br />
4:30-5:30 pm, Dr. Toriello (Secchia Center in GR) to answer questions from all four sites;<br />
5:30-6:30 pm, Dr. Amalfitano (Conrad Hall in EL) to answer questions from all four sites.<br />
Course Objectives: The general objective of this course is to instruct students in the basic<br />
concepts, principles, and language of molecular biology and human genetics and to equip students to<br />
analyze diseases and the responses to diseases in molecular and genetic terms. These principles will<br />
be illustrated using examples from clinical practice. We anticipate that this training will enable<br />
students to recognize and solve genetic problems encountered in subsequent clinical training and<br />
experience. Specific educational objectives for various sections of this course are included in the<br />
body of the coursepack. These objectives represent a subset of the core competencies in genetics<br />
that are expected of all health professionals, as put forth in guidelines from the American Society for<br />
Human Genetics and the National Coalition for Health Professional Education in Genetics.<br />
Prerequisites This course assumes no prior experience or instruction in molecular biology and<br />
genetics beyond elementary college biology. Mastery of concepts introduced in prior first-year<br />
medical school courses (e.g., <strong>BMB</strong> 514) will be expected.<br />
Course Credit by Waiver Examination: As announced in a memo dated May 16, 2011, this<br />
waiver examination was offered on August 27, 2011. In accord with college policies, students
may take the waiver exam only once. Moreover, students who have taken but not passed the<br />
remediation exam for <strong>BMB</strong><strong>526</strong> will not be eligible to take a subsequent waiver exam.<br />
Textbooks: Students are expected to acquire and use both a textbook of biochemistry and<br />
molecular biology and a textbook of medical genetics. For molecular biology, the required<br />
textbook will be Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry, 5 th edition, by Harvey and Ferrier<br />
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011). The Lippincott book, also required for <strong>BMB</strong>514,<br />
covers the molecular biology content of this course adequately but without much depth. Students<br />
who want more thorough explanations of concepts should consult any of the more substantive<br />
undergraduate biochemistry texts (Lehninger, Stryer, Marks, or Voet & Voet).<br />
The required genetics textbook will be Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics by Turnpenny and<br />
Ellard (Elsevier: Churchill Livingstone, 14th edition, 2012). Some students may opt to consult<br />
other genetics textbooks such as Medical Genetics, 4th edition, by Jorde, Carey, Bamshad and<br />
White (Mosby, Inc., 2010) or Thompson and Thompson Genetics in Medicine (7 th ed.) by<br />
Nussbaum, McInnes and Willard (2007, Saunders).<br />
The coursepack for <strong>BMB</strong><strong>526</strong> 2011 is also required. Given the updates and improvements in this<br />
course each year, coursepacks from previous years will not be suitable.<br />
Other Instructional Material: Additional instructional materials, including tutorial (TT),<br />
assigned readings, problem sets, and computer-based instructional aids, may be provided in the<br />
learning centers of CHM and COM, as links at the course website, or as handouts at lecture<br />
sessions. These materials are intended to be an integral aspect of the course; instruction in some<br />
course objectives may be accomplished entirely through these exercises and experiences, and<br />
thus might not be explicitly addressed during lectures. Students are strongly encouraged and<br />
expected to make use of them.<br />
Opportunities to confirm your understanding: Extensive problem sets with annotated answer<br />
keys are available at the course website. These problem sets are designed both to help the students<br />
grasp key concepts and connections and to provide practice in the skills and tasks defined by the<br />
educational objectives. Some problems may resemble typical exam questions in style and depth;<br />
others will be more open-ended or explorative. These problem sets will not be graded, but will<br />
provide students with an opportunity to assess their mastery of the objectives and to identify<br />
concepts that need further study.<br />
All the exams for this course from 2006-2010 can be found at the website,<br />
http://www.bch.msu.edu/courses/<strong>526</strong>/bch<strong>526</strong>XM.htm (Note: This is distinct from the Angel course<br />
website but can be found as a link from the Angel course website.) You can use these old exams to<br />
gauge the level of the questions to be expected in the course.<br />
Evaluation of Student Performance: The educational objectives defined for each section of<br />
this course, as outlined in the coursepack, will serve as the basis for evaluating student<br />
performance. Mastery of these objectives will be expected whether those topics have been<br />
discussed in lecture sessions or explored using other experiences and exercises. The textbooks,<br />
website, on-line learning experiences and other resources should be used in addition to lecture<br />
material for addressing these objectives. Student attainment of these objectives will be evaluated<br />
using two quizzes, two mid-term exams and a comprehensive final exam (see Table below).
(a) Each quiz will contain 6 to 7 questions, to be completed in the first 10 minutes of the (first)<br />
class on the date stated, in the lecture venue.<br />
(b) “Mid-term” exams: Exams I and II will be held 8 – 9:10 am on: (I) Monday, 11/7; and<br />
(II) Wednesday, 11/30. Please note THESE MAY NOT BE AT THE USUAL CLASSROOM<br />
(1) CHM-EL: E100 Veterinary Medical Center (VMC)<br />
(2) CHM-GR: 130 Secchia Center.<br />
(3) COM-EL: 102 Conrad Hall.<br />
(4) COM-DMC: G030, DMC.<br />
(5) COM-MUC: 208 UC-3, MUC.<br />
(c) Final Exam: The final exam will be held 9 – 11 am on Thursday, 12/15. The venues for the<br />
final exam are as listed above. About 38% of the final exam will address objectives introduced<br />
during the final six lecture sessions. The remaining 62% of the exam will review major themes<br />
and integrate concepts used throughout the course. This exam will comprise 57 questions.<br />
(d) The instructors firmly believe that, in addition to serving as an evaluation of student<br />
performance, the quiz and exam questions offer the students another learning experience.<br />
On this basis, all quiz and exam questions are returned to students for their review. In<br />
this spirit, challenges to the officially posted answer keys will be considered up to two<br />
weeks after the date of the quiz/exam.<br />
Exam/Quiz<br />
Q #1<br />
E #I<br />
Q #2<br />
E #II<br />
Final<br />
Date<br />
11/1<br />
11/7<br />
11/15<br />
11/30<br />
12/15<br />
Sessions<br />
1-6<br />
1-11<br />
12-17<br />
12-25<br />
+1 TT<br />
26-32<br />
# of<br />
Sessions<br />
6<br />
11<br />
6<br />
14<br />
7<br />
# of Points<br />
6<br />
34<br />
6<br />
36<br />
58<br />
(22 new/36 review)<br />
% of<br />
Grade<br />
4.3<br />
Excused Absences and Make-Up Exams/Quizzes: Make-up exams/quizzes will be given only to<br />
students with excused absences, obtained from the respective Associate Deans listed on page 1 under<br />
Lines of Communication. Otherwise, there will be no make-up exams offered during the semester.<br />
Make-up exams/quizzes (based on excused absences) should be arranged with the instructor or<br />
course director.<br />
24.3<br />
4.3<br />
25.7<br />
41.4
Grading: A total of 140 points can be derived from the two quizzes, two in-semester exams, and<br />
final exam. Course grades will be assigned on the basis of the overall examination scores,<br />
delineated below.<br />
CHM COM<br />
P ≥ 105 points (75%)<br />
CP 98-104 (70-74%)<br />
P ≥ 98 points (70%)<br />
N < 98 points (70%)<br />
N < 98 points (70%)<br />
Students failing to earn 70% overall will receive an N grade that remains on their college record.<br />
They will be required to remediate in accordance with the policy detailed below.<br />
CHM students that receive the CP grade will also need to remediate by examination in order to<br />
change the CP to a CP/P grade.<br />
Remediation: The remediation policy can be found in the student handbook of the respective<br />
colleges, at the following URLs.<br />
CHM---http://chm.msu.edu/current/documents/2010-2011_Preclinical_Handbook_no_OSAS_9.pdf.<br />
COM --- http://www.com.msu.edu/ss/policies.html<br />
Consistent with the policies, the remediation opportunities for <strong>BMB</strong> <strong>526</strong> are as follows:<br />
(1) Remediation examination: Saturday, January 7, 2012, 3-5 pm; 60 questions, comprehensive<br />
for the course; passing is 75%. Venues to be arranged and announced at a later date.<br />
(2) Remediation examination: sometime in the week of August 21, 2012, prior to the start of<br />
Fall Semester, 2011 (date, time, venue to be arranged); 60 questions, comprehensive for the<br />
course; passing is 75%.<br />
CHM students earning a CP or N MUST take the remediation examination offered in January,<br />
unless: a) they have more than one remediation exams to take; OR b) they intend to remediate an N<br />
grade by retaking the course. In either case, they must consult with the Block I director.<br />
COM students who receive an N grade MUST take the remediation exam offered in January unless<br />
they have two or more remediation exams to take. In that case, they must consult with Dr. William<br />
Falls, who will advise them regarding the appropriate course of action. COM students attempting a<br />
remediation examination should complete an “Application for Remediation” and enroll for 3 credits<br />
of OST 590. A P or an N grade will be recorded for OST 590, based on performance on the<br />
remediation examination. The “Application for Remediation” can be obtained from the Office of<br />
Student Services: (a) Robin Hastings (C-110 E. Fee) in EL; (b) Cathleen Watson at DMC; and (c)<br />
Jennifer Lanuzza at MUC.<br />
Students failing either remediation exam must retake <strong>BMB</strong> <strong>526</strong>. However, they are NOT eligible for<br />
the waiver exam for <strong>BMB</strong> <strong>526</strong> when they re-enroll in the course.<br />
Academic Honesty: Michigan State University has established policies on the integrity of<br />
scholarship and grades (All University Policy on Integrity of Scholarship and Grades). The Colleges<br />
of Human and Osteopathic Medicine follow these policies and additional procedures as prescribed in<br />
the respective documents on Medical Students' Rights and Responsibilities. The faculty, in turn, has
the responsibility to insure the integrity of scholarship and grades. In order to facilitate the<br />
performance of this responsibility, several specific announcements at the outset may be useful:<br />
(a) Examination proctors may require students to present pictured identification when exam<br />
papers are collected. Please obtain a pictured identification prior to the first exam and please<br />
bring such identification for each exam.<br />
(b) For each exam, the examination papers will already be distributed (at the seats) prior to<br />
students entering the room. Once you enter the exam room, no books, notebooks, etc., can<br />
be used for studying before beginning the exam (all backpacks, books, etc., should be stowed<br />
as directed by proctors).<br />
(c) Simple, arithmetic calculators will be provided for your use during exam sessions where you<br />
are required to solve numerical problems. No other calculators, computers, cell phones, or<br />
other electronic devices will be allowed at exams and quizzes.<br />
(d) An exam proctor may assign specific seating to students. Students must refrain from<br />
distracting (e.g., toe or pencil tapping, finger drumming, thinking out-loud, etc.) or<br />
suspicious behaviors. Exam proctors have the responsibility to address these behaviors<br />
during examinations (e.g., by asking students to change seats). In order to avoid unnecessary<br />
anxiety/embarrassment for any individual student, a whole row or column of students may be<br />
asked to exchange seats with another row/column.<br />
(e) Late arrivals will not be admitted to the examination more than 20 minutes after the exam<br />
has started. Students who have completed the exam will be allowed to leave the exam room<br />
only after 20 minutes have elapsed<br />
This course will make use of the audience response system (clickers) in certain class discussions. As<br />
is the case with all issues regarding academic integrity and professional behavior, we will follow the<br />
policy stipulated by your college (see CHM/COM student clicker policy): (a) you should register<br />
your clicker and bring it to class; (b) you should not loan your clicker to another student; (c) you<br />
should not be in possession of a clicker other than your own; and (d) you should not answer<br />
questions or check in for attendance on behalf of another student.<br />
Student Feedback on Instruction/Course: The faculty of <strong>BMB</strong> <strong>526</strong> will be monitoring the<br />
effectiveness of the instruction throughout the semester and will be responsive to constructive<br />
student feedback. Four main mechanisms are available to assess the attainment of instructional<br />
objectives: (a) direct student contact with the instructors; (b) the use of “focus groups” and class<br />
liaisons; and (c) the use of instructor/course evaluations.<br />
Over the long-term, student feedback via “focus groups” and instructor/course evaluations<br />
provides the instructors with invaluable information regarding student perspectives on the<br />
performance of the faculty and the quality of the course. The information gained from these<br />
evaluations will be used to develop future offerings of molecular biology and genetics.
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday<br />
Oct.24 Session 1 Oct.25 2, 3 Oct.26 4 Oct.27 5, 6 Oct. 28<br />
11 am<br />
9, 10 am<br />
9:15 am<br />
9, 10 am<br />
Cell cycle regulation; DNA structure, sequences, DNA recombination, damage, Genetic effects of mutations,<br />
mitosis and meiosis<br />
and the genetic code; and repair<br />
genetic diversity and disease<br />
(Carol Wilkins ) (EL) DNA replication<br />
( Carol Wilkins ) (EL) ( Carol Wilkins ) (EL)<br />
(Carol Wilkins ) (EL)<br />
RNA structure and function<br />
( Jana Simmons ) (GR)<br />
Oct. 31 Nov. 1 7, 8 Nov. 2 9 Nov. 3 10, 11// Nov. 4<br />
10 ,11 am<br />
9 am<br />
10, 11 am<br />
Quiz 1 (in-class)<br />
Protein synthesis and Regulation of gene<br />
RNA synthesis and<br />
processing<br />
expression<br />
processing; Protein synthesis<br />
( Jana Simmons ) (GR)<br />
( Jana Simmons ) (GR) ( Raquel Ritchie ) (MUC)<br />
Nov. 7 EXAM 1 Nov. 8 13 Nov. 9 14, 15 Nov. 10 16 Nov. 11 17<br />
8 am<br />
10 am<br />
10, 11 am<br />
9 am<br />
9 am<br />
Sessions 1-11<br />
PCR, microarrays, and Modes of inheritance; Factors modulating<br />
Mitochondrial disorders<br />
10 am Session 12 gene probing<br />
Factors modulating<br />
inheritance patterns - II (Helga Toriello) (GR)<br />
Recombinant DNA<br />
(Carol Wilkins) (EL) inheritance patterns - I (Helga Toriello) (GR)<br />
(Carol Wilkins) (EL)<br />
(Helga Toriello) (GR)<br />
Nov. 14 18 Nov. 15 19 Nov. 16 20 Nov. 17 21 Nov. 18<br />
9:15 am<br />
10 am<br />
10 am<br />
10 am<br />
Pedigrees and risk analysis Quiz 2 (in-class)<br />
Chromosome abnormalities Common chromosomal<br />
(Helga Toriello) (GR) Introduction to medical (+ TT on cytogenetic) disorders<br />
genetics<br />
(Andrea Amalfitano) (EL)<br />
(Daniela Iacoboni) (EL) (Andrea Amalfitano) (EL)<br />
Nov. 21 22 Nov .22 23 Nov. 23 24, 25// Nov. 24<br />
Nov. 25<br />
10 am<br />
10 am<br />
10, 11 am<br />
Microdeletion disorders Trinucleotide repeat disorders Imprinting and epigenetics THANKSGIVING BREAK THANKSGIVING BREAK<br />
(Andrea Amalfitano) (MUC) (Andrea Amalfitano) (DMC) Complex ("multifactorial")<br />
disorders<br />
(Andrea Amalfitano) (EL)<br />
Nov. 28 26 Nov. 29 Nov. 30 EXAM 1I Dec. 1 28 Dec. 2<br />
10 am<br />
8 am<br />
10 am<br />
Molecular diagnostic<br />
Sessions 12-26<br />
Cancer genetics<br />
applications<br />
10 am Session 27 (Rebecca Bettin) (GR)<br />
(Andrea Amalfitano) (EL)<br />
Population genetics<br />
(Carol Wilkins) (EL)<br />
Dec. 5 29 Dec. 6 30 Dec. 7 31 Dec. 8 32 Dec. 9<br />
8 am<br />
10 am<br />
9 am<br />
10 am<br />
Prenatal screening and Teratogens<br />
Presymptomatic and Future approaches to<br />
diagnosis<br />
(Daniela Iacoboni) (EL) predispositional testing genetic disorders<br />
(Daniela Iacoboni) (EL)<br />
(Daniela Iacoboni) (EL) (Andrea Amalfitano) (EL)<br />
// indicates the last session for which material will be covered in the next exam; Final exam; Thursday, Dec. 15, 9 - 11 am.
<strong>BMB</strong> <strong>526</strong>, Fall, 2011<br />
DATE SES.<br />
TOPIC PROF. ASSIGNED READING<br />
OTHER ACTIVITIES OR<br />
#<br />
Harvey, Ferrier Turnpenny, Ellard ASSIGNMENTS<br />
Oct. 24 1 Cell cycle regulation; Mitosis and Meiosis CW 3-5; 38-42<br />
Oct. 25 2 DNA structure, sequences, and the genetic code CW 395-398; 409-410 13-18; 20-21 Kinemage exercise 1<br />
BioSciExplorer: replication<br />
Oct. 25 3 DNA replication CW 399-409 14-15<br />
Oct. 26 4 DNA recombination, damage and repair CW 410-415 26-28<br />
Oct. 27 5 Genetic effects of mutations; genetics diversity and disease CW 22-26<br />
Oct. 27 6 RNA structure, types, and function JS<br />
Nov. 1 7 RNA synthesis JS Chap. 30: 417-430 BioSciExplorer: transcript.<br />
Nov. 1 8 RNA processing; protein synthesis JS Chap. 31: 431-448<br />
Nov. 2 9 Protein synthesis and post-translational processing JS BioSciExplorer: translat.<br />
Nov. 3 10 Regulation of gene expression -I RR Chap. 32: 449-454 Website problem set 1<br />
Nov. 3 11 Regulation of gene expression -II RR Cahp. 32: 454-463 Kinemage exercise 2<br />
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 7: MIDTERM EXAM 1 (covering sessions 1-11)<br />
Nov. 7 12 Recombinant DNA CW 465-474 53-58<br />
Nov. 8 13 PCR, microarrays, and gene probing CW 479-483 59-60; 67-71<br />
Nov. 9 14 Modes of inheritance HT Chap. 2: 26 In Turnpenny text:<br />
Nov. 9 15 Factors modulating inheritance patterns - I<br />
HT<br />
Chap. 7: 109-121 p. 391, Chap. 7: Quest. 1-5<br />
Nov. 10 16 Factors modulating inheritance patterns - II<br />
HT<br />
Chap. 7: 126-127 p. 393, Chap. 11: Quest. 4<br />
Nov. 11 17 Mitochondrial disorders<br />
HT<br />
Chap. 11: 181-182<br />
Nov. 14 18 Pedigrees and risk analysis HT Chap. 22: 339-347 p. 399, Chap. 22: Quest.1- 5<br />
p. 404, Chap. 22: Case 2<br />
Nov. 15 19 Introduction to medical genetics AA 7 – 11; 249-263<br />
Nov. 16 20 Chromosomal abnormalities<br />
Tutorial on cytogenetics<br />
DI<br />
Chap. 3: 31-51<br />
Nov. 17 21 Common chromosomal disorders<br />
AA<br />
42 – 44; 103-107;<br />
273-278<br />
Nov. 21 22 Macro and micro deletion disorders<br />
AA<br />
280-287<br />
Nov. 22 23 Genetic anticipation: trinucleotide repeat disorders<br />
AA<br />
278-280; 293-296<br />
Nov. 23 24 Imprinting and epigenetics<br />
AA<br />
120 -127<br />
Nov. 23 25 Complex ("multifactorial") disorders<br />
THANKSGIVING BREAK<br />
AA<br />
143-146; 233-246;<br />
346-347<br />
Website problem set 2<br />
Nov. 28 26 Molecular diagnostic applications AA 34 – 37; 60<br />
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30: MIDTERM EXAM 2 (covering sessions 12-25)<br />
Nov. 30 27 Population genetics<br />
CW<br />
129-136; 139-141<br />
Dec. 1 28 Cancer genetics<br />
RB<br />
211-231<br />
Dec. 5<br />
Dec. 6<br />
Dec. 7<br />
29<br />
30<br />
31<br />
Prenatal screening and diagnosis<br />
Teratogens<br />
Presymptomatic and predispositional genetic testing<br />
DI<br />
DI<br />
DI<br />
Chap. 21: 325-338<br />
Chap. 16: 259-263<br />
Chap. 24: 361-371<br />
Dec. 8 32 Cutting edge and future approaches to genetic disorders AA 173-174; 185-191;<br />
349-359<br />
Website problem set 3<br />
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 15: FINAL EXAM (comprehensive)