REDD-plus and Biodiversity - Convention on Biological Diversity

<strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Biodiversity</strong>
1. INTRODUCTION
21. <strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> 1 is being developed first <strong>and</strong> foremost as a climate change mitigation option, but it is
also expected to generate considerable biodiversity benefits <strong>and</strong> ecosystem services, <strong>and</strong> has the potential
to generate benefits for indigenous <strong>and</strong> local communities. Achieving <strong>and</strong> optimizing these so called
“co-benefits” (or additional or multiple benefits) will require close coordination between actors at local,
national <strong>and</strong> international levels.
1.1 The state of play in the <strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> negotiations under the UNFCCC
22. The issue of reducing emissions from deforestation was first introduced into the negotiations under
the United Nations Framework <strong>Convention</strong> on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by Papua New Guinea <strong>and</strong>
Costa Rica at the eleventh session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in Montreal in
2005. At UNFCCC COP 13, held in December 2007 in Bali, “reducing emissions from deforestation <strong>and</strong>
forest degradation; <strong>and</strong> the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests <strong>and</strong> enhancement of
forest carbon stocks in developing countries” became part of the “Bali Action Plan”. In 2008 <strong>and</strong> 2009,
policy approaches <strong>and</strong> positive incentives relating to this issue were considered in the negotiations under
the Bali Action Plan.
23. At its sixteenth session in Cancun, the UNFCCC COP adopted Decision 1/CP.16, which made a series
of recommendations including encouraging developing country Parties to contribute to greenhouse
gas mitigation actions in the forest sector by undertaking <strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> activities. Under this decision the
implementation of <strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> will take place in three different phases, starting with (i) “the development
of national strategies or action plans, policies <strong>and</strong> measures, <strong>and</strong> capacity-building” followed by (ii) “the
implementation of national policies <strong>and</strong> measures <strong>and</strong> national strategies or action plans that could involve
further capacity-building, technology development <strong>and</strong> transfer <strong>and</strong> results-based demonstration activities”
<strong>and</strong> evolving into (iii) “results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported <strong>and</strong> verified.” 2
24. In Appendix I of decision 1/CP.16, the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC elaborates on
guidelines <strong>and</strong> safeguards for policy approaches <strong>and</strong> positive incentives on issues relating to <strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong>.
Paragraph 1 of the Appendix specifies that <strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> activities should:
(a)
Contribute to the achievement of the objective set out in Article 2 of the UNFCCC
(b) Contribute to the fulfilment of the commitments set out in Article 4, paragraph 3, of
the UNFCCC;
(c)
Be country-driven <strong>and</strong> be considered options available to Parties;
(d) Be consistent with the objective of environmental integrity <strong>and</strong> take into account the multiple
functions of forests <strong>and</strong> other ecosystems;
(e) Be undertaken in accordance with national development priorities, objectives <strong>and</strong> circumstances
<strong>and</strong> capabilities <strong>and</strong> should respect sovereignty;
(f)
Be consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs <strong>and</strong> goals:
1
<strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> is the short h<strong>and</strong> used to describe reducing emissions from deforestation <strong>and</strong> forest degradation, conservation of forest
carbon stocks, sustainable management of forests <strong>and</strong> enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (decision 1/
CP.16 of the United Nations Framework <strong>Convention</strong> on Climate Change).
2
Financing options for the implementation of results-based <strong>REDD</strong>-<strong>plus</strong> actions will be explored, <strong>and</strong> progress will be reported to
UNFCCC COP 17 in 2011.
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