The Koyal Group InfoMag: Step Away from the Christmas Lights!

The Koyal Group InfoMag: Step Away from the Christmas Lights!
Onearth.org
Are you trimming the tree with a potential hazard to your child's health?
It’s my daughter’s first Christmas season, and last weekend, as we were decorating our tree, she naturally
wanted to play with the string of twinkling white lights that lay tangled on our apartment floor. We
thought nothing of letting her pull them onto her lap so we could snap a few photos (though we didn’t let
her stick them in her mouth). A coaster soon caught her attention, and we took the opportunity to wrap
the string around our Fraser fir, then uploaded her pic to Instagram. And that’s when a friend told me
that those beautiful strings of Christmas lights my daughter had been handling are actually coated in lead.
Lead, as in toxic. I had no idea. Sure, I’m aware that our everyday environment is full of toxic chemicals—
including pesticides in our food and water, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust, and
flame retardants in upholstery—and that these substances can cause neurodevelopmental disorders in
children (see the latest cover story in our magazine, “Generation Toxic,” for more disturbing details.).
But on Christmas lights? Really?
Afraid so. It turns out that lead is applied to the polyvinylchloride (PVC) wire covering to keep the plastic
from cracking. It’s also a flame retardant. Not all brands are suspect, but an awful lot are. In a 2008 study
published in the Journal of Environmental Health, researchers from Cornell University tested 10 light sets
and found lead on all of them, at levels that surpassed the Environmental Protection Agency’s limit for
windowsills and floors.
Two other analyses in recent years, one by HealthyStuff.org and another done for CNN, produced similar
results. The former, conducted in 2010, found that 54 percent of lights had more lead than regulators
allow in children’s products. Quantex, the company that did the lab work for CNN in 2007, found that the
surface lead levels in each of the four types of lights it tested exceeded the Consumer Safety Commission’s
limit for children’s products (which has since been reduced).
Isn’t lead illegal, due to its well-known effects on human health, including damage to the brain and
nervous system in children? Actually, it’s only been banned from certain products, including paint and
gasoline. The federal government restricts the amount of lead allowed on children’s products and
provides limits on acceptable lead levels in dust and soil, air and water, and waste through a variety of
laws and regulations. At the state level, California requires a warning label on electrical cords that have
more than 300 parts per million of lead. But selling Christmas lights coated in lead is perfectly legal.
The Journal of Environmental Health study’s researchers recommended that companies manufacturing
the lights should stop using PVC. Because they’ve been unwilling to do so voluntarily, the researchers
recommend putting pressure on those companies “either through legislation or consumer demands that
could be expressed through boycotts.” Meanwhile, consumers should exercise precaution to reduce
potential exposure, the authors say. Is the amount of exposure significant and likely to be damaging? "In
the whole scheme of things, is it a huge risk? No," pediatrician Philip Landrigan of Mount Sinai School of
Medicine in New York told USA Today in 2010. "But what's bothersome about it is that it's so

unnecessary, and that safer substitutes do exist." Christmas lights sold at IKEA, for example, are held to a
stricter European standard, meaning less lead (though there can still be some).
Last year, science journalist Emily Willingham poked a bit of fun at the concern over toxic Christmas
lights in her blog for Forbes. Yes, she acknowledged, studies show a potential problem. “What a firstworld
response, though,” she writes, “to make a special trip to IKEA, which always seems so far away, in
your gas-burning automobile to buy precious, lead-free Christmas lights to plug in and power up thanks
to your friendly neighborhood coal-burning power plant.”
Fair points, especially when there’s an easier way to protect yourself and your kids: washing hands with
soap and water. Lead isn’t readily absorbed through the skin, so the main worry is that people will get it
on their hands, then put their fingers in their mouths. Washing up after handling the lights should remove
that risk, says Joseph Laquatra, a professor at Cornell's College of Human Ecology who led the Journal of
Environmental Health study.
So now that I know about the lead on my lights, am I going to leave them off my fir? No. But I’ll keep my
daughter away from them from now on, and if I need to replace them in the future, I’m definitely looking
for lead-free options. And hey, if anyone out there is looking to buy me an appropriate stocking stuffer
this year…