(an)statt

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Explanation
Adverbial phrases with um … zu, ohne … zu, and (an)statt … zu are dependent clauses. The
dependent clause begins with either um, ohne, or (an)statt followed by a middle field and
ends with zu + INFINITIVE.
7.2 Past Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II der Vergangenheit)
The past subjunctive II is used to express unreal past conditions and wishes.
Forms
The past subjunctive II consists of two parts: It is formed with the present subjunctive II auxiliary
form hätt- or wär- and the past participle of the main verb.
ich hätte … riskiert wir hätten … riskiert
du hättest … riskiert
ihr hättet … riskiert
er/sie/es/man hätte … riskiert sie/Sie hätten … riskiert
ich wäre … gekommen wir wären … gekommen
du wärst … gekommen ihr wärt … gekommen
er/sie/es/man wäre … gekommen sie/Sie wären … gekommen
Example
Wenn man nicht mitgemacht hätte, wäre man
in Teufels Küche gekommen.
Explanation
If one had not participated,
one would have risked too much.
There is only one past tense form of the subjunctive II. The rules for determining the use of
hätt- or wär- are the same as for choosing sein or haben in the present perfect tense (see
Einheit 3, Section 3.3). The past subjunctive II is used to express the same situations as the
present tense subjunctive, with the exception of polite requests (see Einheit 4, Section 4.2).
7.3 Double Infinitive (Doppelter Infinitiv)
The modal verbs and the verbs fühlen, hören, lassen, sehen, and spüren often form the
perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect, past subjunctive) with a double infinitive instead
of a past participle.
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366 Anders gedacht: Grammar Explanations