7. Superconductivity - University of Liverpool

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Detecting weak magnetic field A superconducting device called SQUID can detect very weak magnetic fields. (Wikipedia) It is useful for: - detecting brainwave, - diagnosing problems in various parts of the human body, - as an MRI detector, - oil prospecting, - earthquake prediction, - submarine detection, etc. Superconductivity 69
High Temperature Superconductors In 1986, materials that become superconducting above liquid nitrogen tempratures are discovered. This generated a lot of excitement about possible applications, because liquid nitrogen is much cheaper than liquid helium. Notice that the examples above 77 K are copper oxides. Superconductivity 70
Page 1 and 2:
Statistical and Low Temperature Phy
Page 3 and 4:
Resistance, magnetic field and heat
Page 5 and 6:
Examples of superconductors. http:/
Page 7 and 8:
Measuring magnetic field. This grap
Page 9 and 10:
Heat capacity. Recall the heat capa
Page 11 and 12:
If we select the normal conducting
Page 13 and 14:
Explanation using macroscopic wavef
Page 15 and 16:
Lenz’s law. According to Lenz’s
Page 17 and 18:
Macroscopic wavefunction. We shall
Page 19 and 20: Ampere’s law. The right side of t
Page 21 and 22: ∫ ∆φ = m ∫L v.dl + q A.dl. L
Page 23 and 24: Meissner effect. According to Farad
Page 25 and 26: London’s penetration depth. Flux
Page 27 and 28: London penetration depth Assuming t
Page 29 and 30: Integrating the current along a cir
Page 31 and 32: Combining with the solenoid formula
Page 33 and 34: Vortices. In the lectures on superf
Page 35 and 36: Likewise, Essmann and Trauble sprin
Page 37 and 38: Type II superconductors. This shows
Page 39 and 40: Flux measurement. Deaver and Fairba
Page 41 and 42: In the case of the superfluid, no m
Page 43 and 44: So if we choose the loop L away fro
Page 45 and 46: Cooper pairs Superconductivity 44
Page 47 and 48: The Isotope Effect. If electrons re
Page 49 and 50: How electrons “attract” When a
Page 51 and 52: Cooper pair in real space The wavef
Page 53 and 54: Energy gap. As an example of a pred
Page 55 and 56: BCS superfluid. The most obvious pr
Page 57 and 58: Cooper pair The average charge in a
Page 59 and 60: When a lattice vibrates the maximum
Page 61 and 62: This is also the length, or extent,
Page 63 and 64: It has an energy 2E F − ∆, wher
Page 65 and 66: Applications of superconductors Sup
Page 67 and 68: Maglev train. A train can be levita
Page 69: Particle accelerators Particle acce
Page 73: Applications? Using these high temp
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7. Superconductivity - University of Liverpool

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