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TA3LE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Objectives of the Study 1 The Information 2 Summary of Findings 5 Internal and External Financing for Education: The Prospects of Steady State 6 Patterns and Prospects of Educational Financing in Developing Countries 7 Aid to Education: Trends and Patterns in <strong>International</strong> <strong>Development</strong> Assistance 13 The Politics of Aid 23 Issues and Concerns 29 Resources: Needs and Supply 29 Coming to Terms with the "Age of Skepticism" 33 Education Between Utility and Autonomy 37 Educational Assistance and Regime Legitimacy 39 Acknowledgments 43 References 44 Tables 46
1 INTRODUCTION Objectives of the Study This study reviews a number of issues which are critical for the present and future role of education in international development assistance. This review is guided by a certain number of preoccupations which stem from observing the interaction between economic and political factors both in educational development policies in the Third World under conditions of increasingly severe resource constraints, and in the policy decisions of international, and especially bilateral, development assistance agencies. This study focuses primarily on this latter set of concerns, i.e., about the future of development assistance in the field of education. These concerns derive from some of the more skeptical assessments of the future of "official development assistance" (ODA) in general (OECD 1981a, 82; 1982, 61-66), but are exacerbated by what at least some observers see as a more specific skepticism about education in general, and of its role in the context of national development, in particular (Husen 1979; Weller 1978). Many of these concerns are shared by the World Bank which, in its most recent Sector Paper on education, raises a number of questions about the present and likely future level of assistance for education as well as about the nature and the effect of many assistance programs in education (1980a, 73-77). On the face of it, it thus seems as if a number of problems
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Page 7 and 8: future situation in educational ass
Page 9 and 10: 5 Summary of Findings With all due
Page 11 and 12: 7 to judge froni recent trends and
Page 13 and 14: 9 showing an increasing tendency ag
Page 15 and 16: 11 social mobility and the improvem
Page 17 and 18: 13 may well affect the complexion o
Page 19 and 20: 15 developed countries in financial
Page 21 and 22: 17 volume of ODA from OECD countrie
Page 23 and 24: 19 even in nominal terms, it become
Page 25 and 26: 21 appreciation of the continuing p
Page 27 and 28: 23 THE POLITICS OF AID The assessme
Page 29 and 30: 25 redistributive policies is parti
Page 31 and 32: 27 ILO), but the phenomenon seems t
Page 33 and 34: 29 be made for why politicians in T
Page 35 and 36: 31 primary and that of post-primary
Page 37 and 38: 33 improvement of programs started
Page 39 and 40: 35 agencies and governments towards
Page 41 and 42: 37 cognitive achievement as measure
Page 43 and 44: 39 health or more productivity, but
Page 45 and 46: 41 assistance, perhaps even at a dr
Page 47 and 48: 43 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The assistance o
Page 49 and 50: 45 J.A. Smyth, Costs and Financing
Page 51 and 52: 47 Table 2: Elasticity of Expenditu
Page 53: 49 Table 4: Bilateral ODA to Educat

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