Staphylococcus epidermidis - virulence factors and innate ... - Munin

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Abbreviations Aap ACME AMP CARS CoNS CRP DAMP DNA e.g. GA Ica IS MBL Accumulation associated protein Arginine catabolic mobile element Antimicrobial peptides Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome Coagulase-negative Staphylococci C-reactive protein Danger-associated molecular pattern Deoxyribonucleic acid Exempli gratia Gestational age Intercellular adhesion Insertion Sequence Mannose-binding lectin MSCRAMMs Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules NEC Orf PAMP PIA PRM PRR SIRS TCC TLR Necrotizing enterocolitis Open reading frame Pathogen-associated molecular pattern Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin Pathogen recognition molecule Pathogen recognition receptor Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Terminal complement complex Toll-like receptor 4
1. Introduction 1.1 Clinical relevance of the thesis S. epidermidis rank first among the causative agent of nosocomial infections, and accounts for more than 50% of the late-onset sepsis episodes in neonates. S. epidermidis often cause infections in immune-compromised patients Biofilm formation is the most important virulence factor of S. epidermidis. Its relevance has risen the past decades with the increased use of indwelling medical devices such as vascular and peritoneal catheters, prosthetic joints, heart valves and vascular grafts. The frequency of S. epidermidis infections is increasing, mainly due to concurrent advances in medical practice with more people undergoing and surviving intensive care treatment, acquiring prosthesis, and the increased survival of patients with a compromised immune system, such as preterm neonates and HIV patients. Although S. epidermidis infections only rarely develop into life-threatening diseases, they significantly increase morbidity in the affected groups. Their frequency and the fact that they are extremely difficult to treat, represent a serious burden for the public health system. Therefore, increased knowledge of S. epidermidis virulence factors and their impact on the innate immune system is important to develop new methods to fight these infections. 5
Page 1 and 2: Staphylococcus epidermidis - virule
Page 3: List of papers Paper I Hildegunn No
Page 7 and 8: The innate immune system, also know
Page 9 and 10: For neonates to survive the transit
Page 11 and 12: 41). There is cross-talk between th
Page 13 and 14: ecently published two reviews on th
Page 15 and 16: (IgM and IgG) are the only groups o
Page 17 and 18: levels in plasma are: i) generation
Page 19 and 20: Levels of factor B (153, 164) and p
Page 21 and 22: Neutrophils are short lived cells,
Page 23 and 24: activating transcription factors an
Page 25 and 26: In contrast, other authors describe
Page 27 and 28: 1.2.7 Inflammation When danger is o
Page 29 and 30: affecting the whole body is a doubl
Page 31 and 32: due to the increasing use of broad-
Page 33 and 34: these findings are applicable to cl
Page 35 and 36: Table 2: Immune modulating strategi
Page 37 and 38: 1.3.6 Biofilm Biofilms are microorg
Page 39 and 40: Figure 6: Formation of S. epidermid
Page 41 and 42: (335, 342, 371). Proteins such as A
Page 43 and 44: of anionic AMP protection is still
Page 45 and 46: ACME is divided into three allotype
Page 47 and 48: 3. Material and methods 3.1. Materi
Page 49 and 50: Paper III The regional committee fo
Page 51 and 52: indistinguishable strains and isola
Page 53 and 54: the substance inert (29). This NaIO
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times with PBS/0.1% Tween (also use
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were then analyzed on a FACS Calibu
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4. Summary of the main results Pape
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Paper III: • Both S. epidermidis
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methicillin resistant and -sensitiv
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increase in serum somewhat later an
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knock-out mutant was treated as a n
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5.4 The neonatal versus the adult i
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iofilms with a longer incubation ti
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6. Main conclusions The Arginine Ca
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Animal models It is a long way from
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(15) Zarember KA, Godowski PJ. Tiss
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(41) Shaw MH, Reimer T, Kim YG, Nun
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(68) Gahr M, Speer CP, Damerau B, S
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(95) Bexborn F, Andersson PO, Chen
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(120) Riedemann NC, Neff TA, Guo RF
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(145) Thurman JM, Holers VM. The ce
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(171) Frakking FN, Brouwer N, van E
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(197) Wynn JL, Levy O. Role of inna
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(224) Schultz C, Temming P, Bucsky
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type 1 and T cytotoxic type 1 cell
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(275) Vuong C, Otto M. Staphylococc
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hematological malignancies during t
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(323) Avila-Figueroa C, Goldmann DA
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(347) Christner M, Franke GC, Schom
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(374) Hennig S, Nyunt Wai S, Ziebuh
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(397) Miragaia M, de Lencastre H, P
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for the quantification of complemen
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importance of surface hydrophobicit
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Paper 1
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Paper 3
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ISBN xxx-xx-xxxx-xxx-x
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