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Name: ________________________ ID: A 33. II.—I say we have despised science. “What!” you exclaim, “are we not foremost in all discovery, and is not the whole world giddy by reason, or unreason, of our inventions?” Yes; but do you suppose that is national work? That work is all done in spite of the nation; by private people’s zeal and money. We are glad enough, indeed, to make our profit of science; we snap up anything in the way of a scientific bone that has meat on it, eagerly enough; but if the scientific man comes for a bone or a crust to us, that is another story. What have we publicly done for science? We are obliged to know what o’clock it is, for the safety of our ships, and therefore we pay for an observatory; and we allow ourselves, in the person of our Parliament, to be annually tormented into doing something, in a slovenly way, for the British Museum; sullenly apprehending that to be a place for keeping stuffed birds in, to amuse our children. If anybody will pay for his own telescope, and resolve another nebula, we cackle over the discernment as if it were our own; if one in ten thousand of our hunting squires suddenly perceives that the earth was indeed made to be something else than a portion for foxes, and burrows in it himself, and tells us where the gold is, and where the coals, we understand that there is some use in that; and very properly knight him; but is the accident of his having found out how to employ himself usefully any credit to us? (The negation of such discovery among his brother squires may perhaps be some discredit to us, if we would consider of it.) But if you doubt these generalities, here is one fact for us all to meditate upon, illustrative of our love of science. Two years ago there was a collection of the fossils of Solenhofen to be sold in Bavaria; the best in existence, containing many specimens unique for perfectness, and one unique as an example of a species (a whole kingdom of unknown living creatures being announced by that fossil). This collection, of which the mere market worth, among private buyers, would probably have been some thousand or twelve hundred pounds, was offered to the English nation for seven hundred; but we would not give seven hundred and the whole series would have been in the Munich Museum at this moment, if Professor Owen had not with loss of his own time, and patient tormenting of the British public in person of its representatives, got leave to give four hundred pounds at once, and himself become answerable for the other three! which the said public will doubtless pay him eventually, but sulkily, and caring nothing about the matter all the while; only always ready to cackle if any credit comes of it. Consider, I beg of you, arithmetically, what this fact means. Your annual expenditure for public purposes (a third of it for military apparatus) is at least fifty millions. Now 700l. is to 50,000,000l., roughly, as seven pence to two thousand pounds. Suppose, then, a gentleman of unknown income, but whose wealth was to be conjectured from the fact that he spent two thousand a year on his park-walls and footmen only, professes himself fond of science; and that one of his servants comes eagerly to tell him that an unique collection of fossils, giving clue to a new era of creation, is to be had for the sum of seven pence sterling; and that the gentleman, who is fond of science, and spends two thousand a year on his park, answers, after keeping his servant waiting several months, “Well! I’ll give you four pence for them, if you will be answerable for the extra three pence yourself, till next year!” Reading Comprehension ____ 41. Ruskin makes an emotional appeal in the opening lines of the speech in order to — A. make people ashamed of their inability to read and think critically B. propose a sweeping plan for nationwide educational reform C. intimidate opponents of his views on government policy D. end public debate about the importance of science and art 36
Name: ________________________ ID: A ____ 42. The comment that an “insanity of avarice” has made the English people “incapable of thought” is an opinion because it — A. expresses the value of something B. makes a prediction about the future C. commands people to act in a certain way D. makes an assertion that cannot be proved ____ 43. What is the best paraphrase of the phrase “corruption of the inner nature”? A. Moral depravity B. Complete lack of intelligence C. Genuine disinterest D. Strong fear of facing challenges ____ 44. Read the following sentence. “We are glad enough, indeed, to make our profit of science; we snap up anything in the way of a scientific bone that has meat on it, eagerly enough; but if the scientific man comes for a bone or a crust to us, that is another story.” The main idea of the sentence is that people are — A. happy to enjoy the benefits of science but unwilling to pay for them B. disrespectful toward scientists, who improve the quality of life C. excited about advancements in technology but uninterested in how they work D. unwilling to donate food to provide for others who are less fortunate 37
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