Research Article Ginseng Extracts Restore High-Glucose Induced ...

6 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
100
100
80
80
Relaxation (%)
60
40
20
0
log[ACh]
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗ P < 0.05
−9 −8 −7 −6 −5
∗
∗
∗
Relaxation (%)
60
40
20
0
−9 −8 −7 −6 −5
log[ACh]
Normal
Diabetes
Normal
Insulin injected diabetic group
(a)
(b)
100
100
80
80
Relaxation (%)
60
40
Relaxation (%)
60
40
20
20
0
−9 −8 −7 −6 −5
log[ACh]
0
−9 −8 −7 −6 −5
log[ACh]
Normal
PPT-type (30 mg/kg/day)
Normal
PPT-type (10 mg/kg/day)
(c)
(d)
100
100
80
80
Relaxation (%)
60
40
Relaxation (%)
60
40
20
20
0
−9 −8 −7 −6 −5
log[ACh]
0
−9 −8 −7 −6 −5
log[ACh]
Normal
PPD-type (30 mg/kg/day)
Normal
PPD-type (10 mg/kg/day)
(e)
(f)
Figure 2: Ginseng extracts restore acetylcholine-induced endothelium dependent vasorelaxation. After the addition of phenylephrine, doses
of acetylcholine (1 × 10 −9 Mto1× 10 −5 M) were added cumulatively to check the endothelial functions. Control group showed an attenuation
of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation (Panel (a)). The insulin injected diabetic group (Panel (b)), PPT-type (30 mg/kg/day) fed diabetic
group (Panel (c)), PPT-type (10 mg/kg/day) fed diabetic group (Panel (d)), PPD-type (30 mg/kg/day) fed diabetic group (Panel (e)), and
PPD-type (10 mg/kg/day) (Panel (f)) fed diabetic group showed restoration of the attenuated vasorelaxation. Results were expressed as the
mean ± standard error; ∗ P < 0.05 for the indicated comparisons.