Southeast Idaho Phosphate Mining Resource Area - Agency for ...

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Abbreviations ATSDR AWAC BCEH BLM CDRI C-EMEG COC CREG CV EMEG EPA g/day HOD IDEQ IDFG IDHW IDL IMA IMU kg lbs mg/kg mg/kg/day MRL MW NOAEL oz ppm RfD RS-PRG SeAWAC SWG TtEMI µg/L USFS USFWS USGS Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry area-weight average concentrations Bureau of Community and Environmental Health Bureau of Land Management Cancer Data Registry of Idaho chronic environmental media evaluation guide contaminants of concern cancer risk evaluation guide comparison value environmental media evaluation guide U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grams per day health outcome data Idaho Department of Environmental Quality Idaho Department of Fish and Game Idaho Department of Health and Welfare Idaho Department of Lands Idaho Mining Association Interagency Memorandum of Understanding kilograms pounds milligrams per kilogram milligrams per kilogram per day minimal risk level Montgomery Watson lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level ounce parts per million EPA’s chronic oral reference dose EPA Region 9’s residential soil preliminary remediation goals Selenium Area Wide Advisory Committee Selenium Working Group Tetra Tech EM Inc. micrograms per liter U.S. Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Geological Survey iii
Summary Phosphate has been mined from the Southeast Idaho Phosphate Mining Resource Area (Resource Area) since 1919. The major phosphate mines in this region are open pit or contour strip operations that were developed near surface exposures of the Phosphoria Formation. The area encompasses 2,500 square miles in southeastern Idaho that fall within Caribou, Bingham, Bannock, and Bear Lake counties (Appendix A, Figure A-1). In 1996, several horses pastured downstream from a historic mine in the Resource Area were diagnosed with chronic selenosis, which is characterized by erosions of long bones, emaciation, hoof lesions, and loss of mane and tail hair. In 1997, another group of horses pastured on a different piece of mine property in the Resource Area were also diagnosed with selenosis. These poisonings, along with problems reported in sheep, prompted public and agency concern about potential releases of selenium to the environment from mining activities and the impact on human health. The Bureau of Community and Environmental Health (BCEH), Division of Health, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (IDHW) has a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to conduct public health assessments and consultations for hazardous waste sites in Idaho. As part of this cooperative agreement, BCEH released two health consultations in 1999 to evaluate selenium contamination in the groundwater and selenium contamination in beef, elk, sheep, and fish in the Resource Area. In 2003, BCEH released another health consultation to evaluate selenium contamination in fish in streams of the upper Blackfoot River watershed. Under the cooperative agreement, BCEH conducted this comprehensive public health assessment. In this public health assessment, BCEH revisited the conclusions and recommendations made in past health consultations for groundwater, beef, elk, sheep, and fish (BCEH 2001a, 2001b, 2003). BCEH also reviewed environmental data (soil, surface water, sediment), biological data (fish, elk, beef, plants), and community health concerns. Additionally, BCEH reviewed previous assessments conducted by Montgomery Watson (MW 1999a, 1999b, and 1999c) and Tetra Tech Inc. (TtEMI 2002). Personal communications with Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (IDEQ) staff were also used. Finally, BCEH conducted a cancer incidence analysis for the Resource Area in conjunction with the Cancer Data Registry of Idaho (CDRI). On the basis of the data and information reviewed, BCEH has drawn the following conclusions and recommendations: Conclusions 1. BCEH classifies the Southeast Idaho Phosphate Mining Resource Area as a no apparent public health hazard according to ATSDR’s interim public hazard categories (Appendix E). 1
Page 1 and 2: SOUTHEAST IDAHO PHOSPHATE MINING RE
Page 3 and 4: Southeast Idaho Phosphate Mining Re
Page 5: List of Appendices Appendix A Appen
Page 9 and 10: Public Health Action Plan 1. BCEH w
Page 11 and 12: • Eastern district - Smoky Canyon
Page 13 and 14: Monsanto and Solutia). Nu-West, J.R
Page 15 and 16: 3.3 Exposure Pathways and Public He
Page 17 and 18: 3.3.2 Surface Water Exposure Pathwa
Page 19 and 20: For non-cancer health effects, the
Page 21 and 22: as the Native American subsistence
Page 23 and 24: about four times higher than the ch
Page 25 and 26: 3.3.5.3 Beef Exposure Pathway For n
Page 27 and 28: Arsenic can also cause cancer. Howe
Page 29 and 30: Cancer incidence (cases), instead o
Page 31 and 32: incidence rates for some cancer typ
Page 33: 7. Authors, Technical Advisors Repo
Page 36 and 37: [EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection
Page 38: Appendix A Map of Southeast Idaho P
Page 41 and 42: Explanation of Evaluation Process S
Page 43 and 44: ecommends secondary standards to wa
Page 45 and 46: Table C-1 Health Comparison Values
Page 47 and 48: Table C-3 Contaminants of Concern i
Page 49 and 50: Table C-5 Contaminants of Concern i
Page 51 and 52: Table C-7 Contaminant Health Guidel
Page 53 and 54: Table C-9 Description of Exposure S
Page 55 and 56: Appendix D Exposure Pathways for So
Page 57 and 58:
Appendix E ATSDR Interim Public Hea
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Appendix F Health Consultation: Eva
Page 61 and 62:
Background and Statement of Issue T
Page 63 and 64:
derived are described in the follow
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Reference ATSDR 1996. Toxicological
Page 67:
Appendix A. Well Sampling Locations
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Appendix G Health Consultation: Sel
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BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF ISSUE
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Screening values are target chemica
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Temporary Selenium Fish Advisory Th
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REFERENCES ATSDR 2001. Toxicologic
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PREPARERS OF REPORT AND CERTIFICATI
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Appendix A. Streams of the Upper Bl
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Appendix B. Fish Selenium Concentra
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Appendix H Health Consultation: Eva
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LIST OF ACRONYMS ADI ATSDR BEHS BLM
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phosphate lease. The project area i
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staff with concerns about animals h
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Currently, no data on selenium conc
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MW (2000) believes that sheep recei
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Table 1.0 Levels of Selenium Found
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and what levels of selenium might b
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The EPA=s reference dose (RfD) is d
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may be more susceptible (ATSDR 1996
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Further sampling of livestock, fish
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VI. REFERENCES A.A. Rich and Associ
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Yang, G. , S. Yin, R. Zhou, et. al.
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ATTACHMENT A Map of Southeast Idah
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ATTACHMENT B Summary of Studies Us
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Depuration Study were also reported
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66a, (which contain the central and
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There has also been a great deal of
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Table 1: Interim Public Health Haza
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VIII. PREPARERS OF REPORT AND CERT
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Appendix I Cancer Incidence Evaluat
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Table I-2 Comparison of Cancer inci
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Appendix J ATSDR Glossary of Terms
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Analyte A substance measured in the
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Community Assistance Panel (CAP) A
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occur. The environmental media and
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Health education Programs designed
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Mutagen A substance that causes mut
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Public health advisory A statement
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Sample A portion or piece of a whol
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Uncertainty factor Mathematical adj
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Response to Comments Received durin
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the copper concentrations, BCEH det
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impacting an area covering some 250
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also existed seventeen samples that
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make a decision regarding any possi
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e inadequate. Data collected during
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