Integrating Spatial Planning and Disaster Risk Reduction at the ...

Integrating Spatial Planning
and Disaster Risk Reduction at the Local Level
in the Context of Spatially Enabled Government
Heri Sutanta, Abbas Rajabifard, Ian Bishop
GSDI 12 Conference - Singapore, October 19-22
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
© Copyright The University of Melbourne 2008

Overview of Presentation
Introduction
Spatial Planning and SEG
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Role of Spatial Planning in DRR
Findings from Case Study
Next Stages

Introduction
• Increasing events of natural disaster leading to
increase casualties and economic loses
• Climate change will likely to alter the pattern of
meteorological disaster
• Local hazards e.g. land subsidence affecting many
densely populated coastal urban cities
• Impact of land subsidence is greater than sea level
rise (in Semarang 10 cm/yr vs. 0.38 cm/yr)
• Approach to Disaster: from emergency response
to prevention

Introduction
• Population growth and increasing demand create
high competition on the use of limitedly available
space, and the utilization of land prone to
disaster
• Minimizing exposures of element at risk to natural
hazards is urgently required
• Spatial planning regulate long term usages of
space (land)
• Therefore, spatial planning has role in reducing
disaster risk in the long term

Spatial Planning and SEG
• Spatial planning involves the process of allocation,
forming, sizing, and harmonizing space (land) for
multifunction uses
• Current challenges: population growth &
urbanization, scarcity of land, existing
deveopment and natural disaster
• Classification:
– Coverage: national/federal, provincial/state,
city/district/municipalities
– Content and scale: general and detail spatial plan

Spatial Planning and SEG
• Spatial planning extensively uses spatial
information, in different stages, from preparation,
development to the presentation to the public.
• A spatially enabled government is applying
spatially based information to facilitates
productive and effective decision making and
developing policy.

Disaster Risk Reduction
• From emergency response to prevention
• Disaster risk reduction is a systematic effort to
reduce risks of disaster through the reduction of
exposure of elements at risk to hazards, lessened
vulnerability of people and property, better land
management practices and improvement in
preparedness (UNISDR, 2009).
• Focus on local government (Incheon declaration, 2009)

Role of Spatial Planning in DRR
• Role of spatial planning in DRR (Greiving et al, 2006)
– Prohibiting future development in certain
areas.
– Classify different land use setting for disaster
prone areas.
– Regulating land use or zoning plans with legally
binding status.
– Hazard modification.

Role of Spatial Planning in DRR (cont.)
• Implementation at the local government level.
Local disaster
Local planning
Local action

Integrating DRR in Spatial Planning
• Requires prediction on where and how disasters
will occur in the future.
• Prediction is more likely to succeed for long term
hazards with slow progression, such as land
subsidence and sea level rise.
• Different agencies involve in DRR and spatial
planning
Disaster
Risk
Reduction
Policy
Organisations
Data
Platform
Spatial
Planning

Integrating DRR in Spatial Planning (cont.)
• Policy and Regulation to provides guidelines and
directive on the implementation of integration of
disaster risk reduction in spatial planning .
• On the organizational aspects, there is
requirements to define responsibilities of all
participating agencies, institutional arrangement
and how the operational procedures be executed.
• Standardized data format is required to enable
seamless data exchange and sharing, especially on
spatial data.
• Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) is required to
facilitate flow of data and collaboration between
parties involved

Integrating DRR in Spatial Planning (cont.)

Integrating DRR in Spatial Planning (cont.)
Planning
Support
System
Dynamic Risk Modeling
(sea level rise , land subsidence ,
flooding , etc .)
Prediction on
integrated risk map
(10 , 20 , 30 ,..yrs )
Spatial
plan
Identify element at risks
(infrastructures , housing ,
utilities , commercial , etc )
Evaluate risks
Need to define
acceptable risk
level/indicator
Accept
Risks
No
Yes
Disaster resilient
Spatial Plan
* Identify options for other use
* Restriction on use
No
Exception No apply ?
Yes

Case Study
• Assessing the four elements for the Indonesian
context
• Several catastrophic disaster hit the country in
the last 10 years
• Many new policies were introduced
• Initiatives and project at national & local level (34
provinces, almost 500 districts/cities)
• Revision of spatial plan and development of
RPJMD (Medium Term Development Planning for
Districts/Cities)
• Living with disaster risk? (hidup bersama resiko
bencana?)

Case Study – Policy & Regulation
• Recent laws and regulations
– Law 24/2007 on Disaster Management
– Law 26 /2007 on Spatial Planning
– Law 27 / 2007 on Coastal Zone Management and Small
Islands
– Law on Forest Management
– Presidential Decree 85/2007 on Spatial Data
Infrastructures
– Ministerial regulation on spatial plan development
• Law on Geo-spatial Information Management is to
be enacted in 2010/2010.
• Slow implementation process.
• Complexities arose in interpreting numerous laws
and regulations

Case Study – Organizational Aspects
• Two types of organizations
– Vertical institutions (reporting to central government)
• National Land Agency (BPN)
• Directorate of Tax, Section on Property Tax
– Horizontal institutions (reporting to governor or mayor)
• Local Planning Agency
• Public Work Agency
• Etc.
• No formal arrangement on how to response to DRR
and to incorporate DRR in spatial planning
• Establish new organization , BNPB (National
Coordination Agency for Disaster Mitigation)
and in every province & district/city
• BNPB has no influence on spatial planning

Case Study – Data consideration
• Data sources:
– Other government agencies
– Private sectors
– Universities / research institutions
– NGOs / public
• Technical difficulties: map projections, data format,
scale, software availability
• Non-technical difficulties: permission not
obtained, responsible person not found, limited
information available
• Limited large scale data available
• LIDAR, GPS and Radar have been used for hazard
identification

Case Study – Platform for Integration
• Keppres 85/2007 on National Spatial Data Network
• Requires extensive socialization
• Slow development of NSDN node at the local level
• Lack of qualified staff at the local government
level
• Requires internet network, which is currently
limited at the local government level

Semarang City
Coastal abrasion
Reclamation
Land subsidence
- flooding
Landslides
19

1
Semarang City
landsubsience
KETERANGAN
0 - 2 cm
2 - 4 cm
4 - 6 cm
6 - 8 cm
> 8 cm
2
3.5
km
4
1
2
3
3
4
5
5
20

Semarang City, land subsidence affected area

Next stages
• Implementing proposed concept in local planning
agency in Semarang City
• Delphi survey on Acceptable Risk level for three
natural hazards
• Simulation of two main scenarios: hazards
incorporation vs. neglecting hazards
• Parcel level analysis

Thank You