The conservation of tigers and other wildlife in oil palm plantations

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Figure 7 - Distribution of study techniques. Crosses mark patrol transect start and end points. Black dots denote randomly placed cameras, green non-random. Red squares mark occupancy cells. Wildlife tracking Capturing wildlife In most cases humane Aldrich snares, also known as leg-hold traps, were used. These consist of a loop of cushioned heavy-duty wire laid over a hole in the ground and attached to a tree, with tension provided by a spring. They are triggered when weight is placed on a trigger in the middle of the loop. Triggering the trap is painless. To minimise stress and injury subsequent to capture, traps were modified by padding the foot-loop with plastic tubing and by attaching a weight between the loop and the tree to act as a shock absorber. Most importantly, all leg-holds were also fitted with Telonics trap transmitters. These give a signal when traps are triggered and were monitored twenty four hours a day when traps were live, ensuring the capture team could respond as quickly as possible and minimise the time animals spent in the trap. One sun bear capture was carried out by the Department of Forestry using their own box trap. All wildlife captures were carried out under the supervision of either the Jambi KSDA, Bart Schleyer (a professional wildlife trapper) or Dr. John Lewis (a veterinarian from Wildlife Vets International specialising in large mammal anaesthesia). For some captures all three were in attendance. Wildlife conservation in oil palm plantations 19
Captured animals were anaesthetised by a low pressure gas dart gun using Zoletil (tiletamine/zolazepam) for pigs, Zoletil and Medetomedine for pigs, sun bear and tapir and ketamine and Medetomedine for tigers. In addition, an innovative air-based isoflurane field anaesthesia kit (Lewis, 2004) was used to prolong anaesthesia if necessary, with the benefit of increased safety (inhaled anaesthetic is instantly adjustable and easier to administer than injectables) and smoother recovery. All captures were monitored for temperature, breathing and heart rates, long acting antibiotics were administered if there were any wounds and a range of emergency drugs were available in case of complications. Tracking wildlife Radio tracking was carried out using a Telonics receiver and a Televilt extended Yagi antenna. Animal locations were determined by recording three or more bearings on the signal from different locations and triangulating a location using LOCATE software. Analysis was carried out after excluding locations with 95% confidence limits of over 200m and Minimum Convex Polygons, excluding the 5% furthest outliers, were used to estimate areas used. Figure 8 – From left: Bart Schleyer and BKSDA forest police setting a snare trap for tigers; Dr. John Lewis supervising a pig anaesthetic using isoflurane; radio tracking with the extendable antenna. 20 Wildlife conservation in oil palm plantations
Page 1 and 2: ZSL Conservation Report No.7 The co
Page 3 and 4: The conservation of tigers and othe
Page 5 and 6: importance of marginal or degraded
Page 7 and 8: tersebut masih ada dalam populasi y
Page 9 and 10: The value of degraded land 44 Impli
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION Protected areas and co
Page 13 and 14: survival (Western, 1989). Consequen
Page 15 and 16: However, in Indonesia the potential
Page 17 and 18: Environmental impact of oil palm Oi
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3 - Land use within the stud
Page 21: Non-random camera placement Cameras
Page 25 and 26: Species survival within a human-dom
Page 27 and 28: Table 3 - Conservation and protecti
Page 29 and 30: Figure 15 - Distribution maps based
Page 31 and 32: Species survival within the plantat
Page 33 and 34: Evidence of persistence in oil palm
Page 35 and 36: Figure 19 - Distribution of species
Page 37 and 38: Figure 22 - Ranges for two wild pig
Page 39 and 40: Table 12 - Estimated tiger densitie
Page 41 and 42: Tigers on the plantation 2003-2006
Page 43 and 44: Figure 26 - Summary of individual t
Page 45 and 46: Figure 27 - Examples of conservatio
Page 47 and 48: occasionally and usually on the edg
Page 49 and 50: forest, unprotected or unknown area
Page 51 and 52: left unplanted, they will be more v
Page 53 and 54: The final decision is how to manage
Page 55 and 56: Figure 30 Information Box 1: The RS
Page 57 and 58: Integrating oil palm management int
Page 59 and 60: consumers). Engaging communities on
Page 61 and 62: REFERENCES Arcese, P. and Sinclair,
Page 63 and 64: RSPO (2006). RSPO Principles and Cr
Page 65 and 66: APPENDIX II Birds recorded opportun

The conservation of tigers and other wildlife in oil palm plantations

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